The Politics of Information in Famine Early Warning A
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Download the Potential of Indigenous Wild Foods
The Potential of Indigenous Wild Foods Workshop Proceedings, 22-26 January 2001 April 2001 Funding provided by: USAID/OFDA Implementation provided by: CRS/Southern Sudan Proceeding compilation and editing by: Catherine Kenyatta and Amiee Henderson, USAID contractors The Potential of Indigenous Wild Foods Workshop Proceedings, 22–26 January 2001 April 2001 Funding provided by: USAID/OFDA Implementation provided by: CRS/Southern Sudan Proceeding compilation and editing by: Catherine Kenyatta ([email protected]) and Amiee Henderson ([email protected]), USAID contractors ii Contents Setting the Stage: Southern Sudan Conflict and Transition v Acronyms and Abbreviations ix DAY TWO: JANUARY 23, 2001 Session One Chair: Brian D’Silva, USAID 1 Official Welcome Dirk Dijkerman, USAID/REDSO 1 Overview of the Workshop Brian D’Silva 1 Potential of Indigenous Food Plants to Support and Strengthen Livelihoods in Southern Sudan, Birgitta Grosskinsky, CRS/Sudan, and Caroline Gullick, University College London 2 Discussions/comments from the floor 5 Food Security and the Role of Indigenous Wild Food Plants in South Sudan Mary Abiong Nyok, World Food Programme, Christine Foustino, Yambio County Development Committee, Luka Biong Deng, Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Association, and Jaden Tongun Emilio, Secretariat of Agriculture and Animal Resources 6 Discussion/comment from the floor 9 Session Two Chair: Brian D’Silva 10 The Wild Foods Database for South Sudan Birgitta Grosskinsky and Caroline Gullick 10 Discussions/Comments from the floor 10 Food -
DEC Avalanche Preparedness in the Adirondacks Brochure (PDF)
BASIC AVALANCHE AWARENESS ADDITIONAL RESOURCES New York State Department of This brochure is designed to let the recreational Organizations Environmental Conservation user know that avalanche danger does exist in New York and gives basic ideas of what to look for U.S. Forest Service Avalanche Center PO Box 2356 and avoid. To learn more about avalanche Ketchum, Idaho, 83340 awareness consider attending professional Office Phone: (208) 622-0088 courses, reading and experience. www.fsavalanche.org Avalanche Westwide Avalanche Network Preparedness in the www.avalanche.org 1. Know basic avalanche rescue techniques. American Avalanche Association Adirondacks 2. Check the snow depth. www.avalanche.org/~aaap 3. Check how much new snow has fallen. Books 4. Practice safe route finding. Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills Published by The Mountaineer Books 5. Check the degree of the slope. Snow Sense: A Guide to Evaluating Snow Avalanche Hazard Published by Alaska Mountain Safety Center, Inc. 6. Check the terrain. 7. Carry basic avalanche rescue equipment. Thank You For Your 8. Never travel alone. Cooperation 9. Let someone know where you are going. NYSDEC - Region 5 Ray Brook, New York 12977 10. Do not be afraid to turn around. (518) 897-1200 Emergency Dispatch Number: (518) 891-0235 11. Use common sense. Visit the DEC Website at www.dec.ny.gov Photograph by: Ryland Loos Photograph by: Ryland Loos WHAT IS AN AVALANCHE? HOW CAN YOU KEEP FROM GETTING CAUGHT WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN CAUGHT IN AN IN AN AVALANCHE? AVALANCHE? An avalanche is a mass of snow sliding down a mountainside. Avalanches are also called You can reliably avoid avalanches by recognizing Surviving avalanches can depend on luck, but it is snowslides; there is no difference in these terms. -
SHELLFISH UTILIZATION AMONG the PUGET SOUND SALISH ABSTRACT the Importance of Shellfish Is Often Denigrated in the Ethnographi
SHELLFISH UTILIZATION AMONG THE PUGET SOUND SALISH WILLIAM R. BELCHER Western Washington University ABSTRACT The importance of shellfish is often denigrated in the ethnographi c pi cture of the Northwest Coast cul tures due to the vast salmon resources found in the area. Different aspects of shellfish are examined in the Puget Sound region to derive a model for shellfish use. Optimal foraging theory is used as a theoretical basis for these data. Since the earliest anthropological investigations on the Northwest Coast, molluscs have often been denigrated and even ignored in the literature. The hypothesis present here is that shellfish were the most biologically reliable, cost efficient, and second most important resource to the groups inhabiting the Puget Sound area in the immediate protohistoric period (ca. mid to late l700s). The most important assumption of optimal foraging theory is that hunters and gatherers will behave so as to obtain a high net rate of energy acquisition while pursuing such activities. A form of "procurement fitness" as well as natural selection are the basic assumptions in this body of theory. Direct and indirect competition for resources give advantages to organisms that are efficient in acquiring the energy and nutrients which can be transformed into offspring and/or predator avoidance behavior. The focus of optimal foraging theory is behavioral variability not genetic variability (Winterhalder 1981:15). It has been shown that many hunters and gatherers rely primarily on food gathered by women. Although this statement must be modified in relation to a fishing/hunting/gathering economy, the contribution of women was significantly higher than is usually indicated in the ethnographic record. -
Investigating the El Capitan Rock Avalanche
BY GREG STOCK INVESTIGATING THE EL CapITAN ROCK AVALANCHE t 2:25 on the morning of March 26, 1872, one of avalanche, an especially large rockfall or rockslide that the largest earthquakes recorded in California extends far beyond the cliff where it originated. Most Ahistory struck along the Owens Valley fault near Yosemite Valley rockfall debris accumulates at the base the town of Lone Pine just east of the Sierra Nevada. The of the cliffs, forming a wedge-shaped deposit of talus. earthquake leveled most buildings in Lone Pine and sur- Occasionally, however, debris from a rock avalanche will rounding settlements, and killed 23 people. Although extend out much farther across the valley floor. seismographs weren’t yet available, the earthquake is esti- Geologist Gerald Wieczorek of the U.S. Geological mated to have been about a magnitude 7.5. Shock waves Survey and colleagues have identified at least five rock from the tembler radiated out across the Sierra Nevada. avalanche deposits in Yosemite Valley. The largest of these On that fateful morning, John Muir was sleeping in occurred in Tenaya Canyon, at the site of present-day a cabin near Black’s Hotel on the south side of Yosemite Mirror Lake. Sometime in the past, a rock formation on Valley, near present-day Swinging Bridge. The earth- the north wall of the canyon just east of and probably quake shook the naturalist out of bed. Realizing what similar in size to Washington Column collapsed into was happening, Muir bolted outside, feeling “both glad Tenaya Canyon. The rock debris piled up against the and frightened” and shouting “A noble earthquake!” He south canyon wall to a depth of over 100 feet. -
Controlled Avalanche – a Regulated Voluntary Exposure Approach for Addressing
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20062687; this version posted April 22, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Controlled Avalanche – A Regulated Voluntary Exposure Approach for Addressing 2 Covid-19 ₤ 3 Eyal Klement1* DVM, Alon Klement2 SJD, David Chinitz3 PhD, Alon Harel4 Dphill, Eyal 4 Fattal5 PhD, Ziv Klausner5 PhD 5 6 1. Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public 7 Health, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel 8 2. Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel-Aviv University, Israel 9 3. Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hebrew 10 University, Jerusalem, Israel 11 4. Phillip and Estelle Mizock Chair in Administrative and Criminal Law, The Faculty of 12 Law, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel 13 5. Department of Applied Mathematics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness- 14 Ziona, Israel 15 ₤ 16 All authors contributed equally to the manuscript 17 18 * Corresponding author: 19 Address: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of 20 Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, 21 Rehovot 76100, Israel. 22 Tel: 972-8-9489560. Fax: 972-8-9489634 23 E-mail: [email protected] 24 25 NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20062687; this version posted April 22, 2020. -
Avalanche Safety Tips
Submit Education Center | Photo Gallery Contents Avalanche Awareness: 1. Why avalanche awareness? Surviving an avalanche 2. Who gets caught in avalanches? A true account 3. When and where avalanches happen 4. Anatomy of an avalanche Avalanche Books 5. Avalanche factors: what conditions cause an avalanche? Credits & Citations 6. How to determine if the snowpack is safe 7. Avalanche gear For more information, see our 8. Tips for avalanche survival list of other avalanche sites 9. Avalanche danger scale 10. Avalanche quick checks 1. Why avalanche awareness? Mountains attract climbers, skiers and tourists who scramble up and down the slopes, hoping to conquer peaks, each in their own way. Yet, to do this they must enter the timeless haunt of avalanches. For centuries, mountain dwellers and travelers have had to reckon with the deadly forces of snowy torrents descending with lightning speed down mountainsides. Researchers and experts are making progress in detection, prevention and safety measures, but avalanches still take their deadly toll throughout the world. Each year, avalanches claim more than 150 lives worldwide, a number that has been increasing over the © Richard Armstrong past few decades. Thousands more are caught in avalanches, partly buried or injured. Everyone from An avalanche in motion. snowmobilers to skiers to highway motorists are (Photograph courtesy of caught in the "White Death." Most are fortunate Richard Armstrong, National enough to survive. Snow and Ice Data Center.) This is meant to be a brief guide about the basics of avalanche awareness and safety. For more in depth information, several sources are listed under "More avalanche resources" in the last section of these pages. -
Designing Cities for Tsunami Impact Mitigation: Evaluating Physical Planning Using Structural Equation Models in Makassar City, Indonesia
DESIGNING CITIES FOR TSUNAMI IMPACT MITIGATION: EVALUATING PHYSICAL PLANNING USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS IN MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA By FAHMYDDIN ARAAF TAUHID A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2017 © 2017 Fahmyddin Araaf Tauhid To my mother Fatimah, and Father Habuddin To my wife Astuty, my son Reza, Raihan, Rifaat, my daughter Jasmine To my mother and father in-law To our big families in Makassar, thank you for your supports and prayers ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor, Prof. Dr. Christopher Silver, AICP, for his excellent guidance, kindness and patience to provide me with an academic support for conducting my research. I would like also to thank my committee members Prof. Pierce H. Jones, PhD, Dr. Kathryn Frank, and Dr. Jocelyn Widmer for their guidance and insight for the past two years. Without the participation of my supervisor and committee members, I would not be able to complete my doctoral program. My sincere thanks go to the institutions and individuals that provided facilities or generous funding for my doctoral research: Fulbright Scholarships Indonesia and Directorate of Islamic Higher Education, The Ministry of religious affair of Indonesia, staff of The American Indonesian Exchange Foundation (AMINEF) in Jakarta Indonesia, Prof. Dr. Phil H. Kamaruddin, M.A (Directorate General of Islamic Education, The Ministry of Religious Affair of Indonesia), Dr. Wasilah, ST. MT. (Academic Vice Dean of Science and Technology, Islamic Alauddin University, Makassar, Indonesia). I would like to thank all the faculty members and administrators in the College of Design, Construction, and Planning, University of Florida. -
1 Snow-Avalanche Impact Craters in Southern Norway: Their Morphology and 2 Dynamics Compared with Small Terrestrial Meteorite Craters
1 Snow-avalanche impact craters in southern Norway: their morphology and 2 dynamics compared with small terrestrial meteorite craters. 3 4 5 John A. Matthews1*, Geraint Owen1, Lindsey J. McEwen2, Richard A. Shakesby1, 6 Jennifer L. Hill2, Amber E. Vater1 and Anna C. Ratcliffe1 7 8 1 Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, 9 Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK 10 11 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West 12 of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK 13 14 15 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 16 17 18 ABSTRACT 19 20 This regional inventory and study of a globally uncommon landform type reveals 21 similarities in form and process between craters produced by snow-avalanche and 22 meteorite impacts. Fifty-two snow-avalanche impact craters (mean diameter 85 m, 23 range 10–185 m) were investigated through field research, aerial photographic 24 interpretation and analysis of topographic maps. The craters are sited on valley 25 bottoms or lake margins at the foot of steep avalanche paths (α = 28–59°), generally 26 with an easterly aspect, where the slope of the final 200 m of the avalanche path (β) 27 typically exceeds ~15°. Crater diameter correlates with the area of the avalanche start 28 zone, which points to snow-avalanche volume as the main control on crater size. 29 Proximal erosional scars (‘blast zones’) up to 40 m high indicate up-range ejection of 30 material from the crater, assisted by air-launch of the avalanches and impulse waves 31 generated by their impact into water-filled craters. -
Exposure and Vulnerability
Determinants of Risk: 2 Exposure and Vulnerability Coordinating Lead Authors: Omar-Dario Cardona (Colombia), Maarten K. van Aalst (Netherlands) Lead Authors: Jörn Birkmann (Germany), Maureen Fordham (UK), Glenn McGregor (New Zealand), Rosa Perez (Philippines), Roger S. Pulwarty (USA), E. Lisa F. Schipper (Sweden), Bach Tan Sinh (Vietnam) Review Editors: Henri Décamps (France), Mark Keim (USA) Contributing Authors: Ian Davis (UK), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Allan Lavell (Costa Rica), Reinhard Mechler (Germany), Virginia Murray (UK), Mark Pelling (UK), Jürgen Pohl (Germany), Anthony-Oliver Smith (USA), Frank Thomalla (Australia) This chapter should be cited as: Cardona, O.D., M.K. van Aalst, J. Birkmann, M. Fordham, G. McGregor, R. Perez, R.S. Pulwarty, E.L.F. Schipper, and B.T. Sinh, 2012: Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 65-108. 65 Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability Chapter 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................67 2.1. Introduction and Scope..............................................................................................................69 -
Natural Hazards Mitigation Planning: a Community Guide
Natural A step-by-step guide Hazards to help Massachusetts communities deal with Mitigation multiple natural Planning: hazards and A Community to minimize Guide future losses Prepared by With assistance from Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management Federal Emergency Management Agency Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Natural Resources Conservation Service Massachusetts Hazard Mitigation Team January 2003 Mitt Romney, Governor · Peter C. Webber, DEM Commissioner · Stephen J. McGrail, MEMA Director P r e f a c e The original version of this workbook was disaster mitigation program, the Flood Mitigation published in 1997 and entitled, Flood Hazard Assistance (FMA) program, as well as other federal, Mitigation Planning: A Community Guide. Its state and private funding sources. purpose was to serve as a guide for the preparation Although the Commonwealth of of a streamlined, cost-efficient flood mitigation plan Massachusetts has had a statewide Hazard by local governments and citizen groups. Although Mitigation Plan in place since 1986, there has been the main purpose of this revised workbook has not little opportunity for community participation and changed from its original mission, this version has input in the planning process to minimize future been updated to encompass all natural hazards and disaster damages. A secondary goal of the to assist Massachusetts’ communities in complying workbook is to encourage the development of with the all hazards mitigation planning community-based plans and obtain local input into requirements under the federal Disaster Mitigation Massachusetts’ state mitigation planning efforts in Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). The parts of this order to improve the state’s capability to plan for workbook that correspond with the requirements of disasters and recover from damages. -
The Year That Shook the Rich: a Review of Natural Disasters in 2011
THE YEAR THAT SHOOK THE RICH: A REVIEW OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN 2011 The Brookings Institution – London School of Economics Project on Internal Displacement March 2012 Design: [email protected] Cover photo: © Thinkstock.com Back cover photos: left / © Awcnz62 | Dreamstime.com; right / © IOM 2011 - MPK0622 (Photo: Chris Lom) THE YEAR THAT SHOOK THE RICH: A REVIEW OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN 2011 By Elizabeth Ferris and Daniel Petz March 2012 PUBLISHED BY: THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION – LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS PROJECT ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT Bangkok, Thailand — Severe monsoon floods, starting in late July 2011, affected millions of people. A truck with passengers aboard drives through a heavily flooded street. Photo: UN/Mark Garten TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. vi Foreword ................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. xi Introduction .............................................................................................................................. xv Chapter 1 The Year that Shook the Rich ...................................................... 1 Section 1 Disasters in the “Rich” World, Some Numbers ............................................ 5 Section 2 Japan: The Most Expensive Disaster -
Emergency Disaster Plan for the City of Groveport
EMERGENCY DISASTER PLAN FOR THE CITY OF GROVEPORT Standard Operating Procedure Incident Command System 1 The City of Groveport Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) has been designed to effectively provide direction to staff and the community during a disaster at the local level. Should the disaster encompass a larger scale or beyond our local level to handle, we will seek assistance from other agencies, specifically the Franklin County Emergency Management and Homeland Security Agency or the State of Ohio. Suggestions for additions or updating information should be sent to the City Administrator or the Chief of Police of the City of Groveport. PRIMARY EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS GROVEPORT, OHIO Emergency 9-1-1 Non-Emergency (614) 525-3333 Office (Non-emergency) 830-2060 Original Draft 06/13: Revised 07/20 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Page Acronyms (Homeland Security/NIMS) 35 Addendum I Proclamation of State of Emergency City of Groveport 36 Addendum II City Attorney 37 Airplane Crash 16-17 Civil Disturbances 22-23 Communications 6 Emergency Operations Center Emergency Procedures 32 Evacuation Routes 33-34 Extreme Snow and Ice Storms 20-21 Four Phases of Comprehensive Emergency Management 10 General Responsibilities for Disaster Preparedness 9 Hazardous Materials Incidents and Accidents 29-31 Major Flood 18-19 Order to Desist and Disperse 24 Organization 5 Procedures 7-8 Purpose 4 Radioactive Incidents and Accidents 25-28 Scope 4 Shelter-In-Place 33 Shelters 33 Snow Emergency Levels 21 Table of Contents 2 Tornado 11-13 Train Wreck 14-15 Appendix Line of Succession for Declaration of Emergency Contact List 3 PURPOSE The purpose of this manual is to serve as a guide in mobilizing, supervising, and coordinating resources to effectively deal with emergencies.