Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pemberian Izin

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Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pemberian Izin ISSN : 2722-242X (cetak) ISSN : 2721-2653 (online) Volume 2, Nomor 2, Mei 2021 TANGGUNG JAWAB PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PEMBERIAN IZIN PERTAMBANGAN BAHAN GALIAN BATUAN SERTA PENGENDALIAN DAMPAKNYA DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR Maidy Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani e-mail: [email protected] Info Artikel Abstract Sejarah Artikel : Diterima 11 April 2021 This study aims to determine the role of local government in Disetujui 2 Mei 2021 supervising rock mining activities as well as the factors that influence Publikasi Mei 2021 the existence of rock mining activities in East Lombok Regency. Research using juridical empirical legal method means that a study examines problems according to facts that occur in the field and studies of legislation. The results show that the East Lombok Regency Keyword : Government no longer has the authority to supervise mining which has been taken over by the Provincial Government since the issuance Supervision; Mining Exciting of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government which Materials; Mining license hampers the mining supervision and licensing process. Both miners and mining owners are made difficult in applying for permits because business owners have to apply for mining permits to the Provincial Government, this is one of the factors that causes the large number of illegal rock mining activities to occur in East Lombok Regency. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peranan Pemerintah daerah dalam pengawasan kegiatan pertambangan bahan galian batuan serta faktor yang mempengaruhi adanya kegiatan penambangan bahan galian batuan di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian menggunakan Metode hukum juridis empiris artinya suatu penelitian mengkaji permasalahan sesuai fakta yang terjadi di lapangan dan kajian perundang- undnagan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Pemda Kabupaten Lombok Timur tidak lagi memiliki kewenangan dalam pengawasan pertambangan dimana sudah diambil alih oleh Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi sejak dikeluarkannya Undang- Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah yang membuat proses pengawasan dan perizinan pertambangan cukup terhambat. Kedua penambang dan perusahaan pemilik pertambangan dipersulit dalam pengajuan perizinan karena para pemilik usaha harus mengurus izin pertambangan ke Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi, hal ini merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan banyaknya kegiatan pertambangan bahan galian batuan ilegal terjadi di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Alamat Korespondensi : Jalan Raya Mataram – Labuhan Lombok KM. 50, ©2021Universitas Gunung Rinjani Selong 83612, Lombok Timur – NTB, Indonesia, open access at : https://juridica.ugr.ac.id/index.php/juridica Telefax. (0376) 631621, e-Mail : [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.46601/juridica.v2i2.185 JURIDICA - Volume 2, Nom0r 2, Mei 2021 A. PENDAHULUAN Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kabupaten ini memiliki luas 2.679,88 Km2 dengan daratan Sejarah Pertambangan di Indonesia telah seluas 1.605,55 Km2 (59,91%) dan lautan ada sejak Indonesia belum merdeka. seluas 1.074,33 Km2 dan populasi 1.105.582 Pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 1871 oleh Km2 jiwa. Bagian Utara merupakan lereng Pengusaha asal Belanda bernama Jan gunung Rinjani sehingga merupakan wilayah Reerink dengan melakukan eksploitasi yang subur untuk pertanian. Sedangkan minyak secara komersil di Lereng Gunung bagian Selatan yang berbatasan dengan Ciremai Jawa Barat.1 Samudra Hindia merupakan penghasil ikan Setelah Kemerdaan dengan mengacu dan budidaya kerang mutiara. pada Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Selaian itu Lombok Timur juga marak Dasar Tahun 1945 yang berbunyi “Bumi, air dengan kegiatan pertambangan. Pajak dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di mineral bukan logam dan batuan (MBLB) dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan menjadi salah satu obyek pajak terbesar di dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya Lombok Timur tahun 2017, Pemerintah kemakmuran rakyat”, maka sektor Kabupaten Lombok Timur menargetkan PAD Pertambangan dikuasai oleh negara. Dalam (Pendapatan Asli Daerah) dari pajak MBLB hal ini, negara memiliki kekuasaan dalam sebesar Rp. 9 miliar. menentukan siapa yang berhak atau tidak Namun selain berdampak positif bagi berhak melakukan usaha Pertambangan. penerimaan daerah, Pertambangan juga Saat ini kegiatan Pertambangan yang memiliki dampak negatif terutama bagi lebih dikenal di Indonesia adalah lingkungan sekitar tambang. Seperti yang pertambangan untuk komiditas mineral terjadi di akhir 2017, sebanyak 4 (empat) logam, antara lain emas, tembaga, nikel, desa di Lombok Timur, yaitu desa Tirtanadi, bauksit dan komoditas batubara. Selain desa Teko, desa Tanah Gadang dan desa komoditas mineral utama dan batubara ini, Anggariksa terkena dampak Pertambangan komoditas batuan atau pertambangan batuan yang berlokasi di Wilayah desa batuan memiliki peran yang sama Mamben kecamatan Wanasaba. Air bekas pentingnya terutama dalam memberikan tambang batuan tersebut masuk ke lahan dukungan material untuk pembangunan pertanian dan merusak tanaman milik infrastruktur. masyarakat. Berdasarkan istilah dalam Undang- Hal tersebut menjadi dilema bagi daerah Undang Nomor 11 tahun 1967 tentang tingkat II sebagai pemerintah di Wilayah ketentuan-ketentuan pokok Pertambangan, lokasi tambang, terutama sejak perizinan Pasal 3 disebutkan bahan-bahan galian Pertambangan tidak lagi mejadi wewenang dibagi atas tiga golongan : kabupaten untuk menerbitkan namun a. Golongan bahan galian strategis; wewenang tersebut dipindahkan ke Provinsi. b. Golongan bahan galian vital; Undang-Undang Nomor 4 tahun 2009 c. Golongan bahan galian yang tidak menetapkan bahwa kewenangan Izin Usaha termasuk dalam goongan a atau b. Pertambangan terletak pada masing-masing Terminologi bahan galian Golongan C daerah Provinsi Kabupaten/Kota. Namun yang sebelumnya diatur dalam Undang- setelah adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Undang Nomor 11 tahun 1967 tersebut telah Tahun 2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah, diubah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor dasar hukum kewenangan izin usaha 4 tahun 2009 menjadi batuan. Pertambangan di daerah berubah mutlak Kegiatan Pertambangan batuanpun hanya menjadi kewenangan Gubernur marak dilakukan diberbagai Wilayah sebagai wakil pemerintah pusat secara Indonesia. Salah satunya di Wilayah vertikal dalam rangka tugas pembantuan. kabupaten Lombok Timur. Lombok Timur Pemerintah kabupaten Lombok Timur merupakan daerah tingkat II di Wilayah dalam wawancara dengan salah satu media lokal, mengaku khawatir dengan banyak tembusan izin Pertambangan yang masuk 1 diruangannya. “itu kesalahan besar karena https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_perminyakan_di_Indo nesia saat ini sangat liar Pertambangan di Lotim | 54 | JURIDICA - Volume 2, Nom0r 2, Mei 2021 (Lombok Timur) atau di daerah lainnya. Pertambangan salah satu kegiatan ekonomi Karena Provinsi semau-maunya yang sangat menguntungkan. Namun mengeluarkan izin. Mereka tidak tahu dampak kerusakan yang ditimbulkanpun bagaimana kondisi di Daerah”. sangat besar. Oleh karena itu, penulis merasa Kewenangan pemerintah dalam perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait tanggung memberikan izin usaha Pertambangan, sudah jawab pemerintah daerah dalam pemberian seharusnya dibarengi dengan tanggung izin Pertambangan bahan galian batuan serta jawab mulai dari analisa dampak lingkungan, pengendalian dampaknya di Kabupaten pengawasan selama berjalannya izin usaha Lombok Timur. Dari uraian yang pertimbangan hingga revitalisasi terhadap dikemukakan dalam latar belakang masalah dampak yang ditimbulkan. di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan beberapa Seringkali rumitnya pembuatan izin permasalahan sebagai berikut: Pertama, Apa usaha Pertambangan oleh pemerintah bentuk tanggung jawab pemerintahan menyebabkan munculnya Pertambangan- Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dalam Pertambangan ilegal. Beberapa perusahaan pemberian izin Pertambangan bahan galian nakal sering kali langsung beroperasi bantuan di Wilayah Lombok Timur ditinjau berbarengan dengan mengurus izin. dari Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014? Sehingga Analisa Dampak Lingkungan Kedua, Bagaimana bentuk pengendalian (AMDAL) yang menjadi salah satu syarat dampak Pertambangan bahan galian batuan utama dapat dikeluarkan Izin usaha oleh pemerintah daerah di Wilayah Lombok Pertambangan diabaikan. Pertambangan Timur? batuan pada umumnya berbeda dengan B. METODELOGI PENELITIAN Pertambangan lainnya. Pertambangan batuan biasanya dikelola dekat dengan pemukiman Penelitian hukum ini termasuk jenis warga yang berhubungan langsung dengan penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris, hal jalur transportasi. Pengelaolaanya memiliki ini dikarenakan penelitian ini menggunakan risiko relatif lebih tinggi dengan dampak data primer dan sekunder dalam mengkaji lingkungan yang besar seperti rusaknya dan menelusuri norma-norma serta hutan, rusaknya bukti dan pegunungan, peraturan-peraturan yang mengatur tentang rusaknya jalan serta pencemaran udara, air perizinan dan pengendalian dampak dan tanah. Terutama yang merasakan Pertambangan. Tipe penelitian hukumnya dampak secara langsung adalah masyarakat adalah kajian komperehensif analisa terhadap dan lingkungan sekitar tambang. bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil kajian Selama beroperasinya usaha dipaparkan secara lengkap, jelas, rinci dan Pertambangan batuan, sangat diperlukan sistematis mengenai pembahasan pengawasan pemerintah. Lokasi permasalahan. Pendekatan yang dilakukan pertambangan yang biasanya dekat dengan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah: pemukiman, sawah atau lahan warga, pendekatan perundang-Undangan (statue sehingga sangat berpotensi menimbulkan approach). Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan kerusakan
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