Human Trafficking and Infringements on the Human Rights of the Individuals Involved
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TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDONESIA ii TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN INDONESIA Ruth Rosenberg, Editor This publication was supported by the United States Agency for International Development. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessary reflect the views of the U.S Agency for International Development. For more information please contact: International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC) Jl. Terusan Hang Lekir I/No. 5, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia Phone: 6221-720-3910, Fax: 6221-726-1918 [email protected] American Center for International Labor Solidarity (Solidarity Center) Cik’s Building, 2nd Floor, Jl. Cikini Raya 84-86, Jakarta 10330, Indonesia Phone: 6221-336-635, Fax: 6221-319-03822 [email protected] iii Acknowledgements So many people assisted in the development of this book that it would be impossible to name all of them. However, a few deserve special mention for their substantial contributions. Thank you to Dian Heryasih, Martha Widjaja, and Sulistyowati for their tireless work in finding background materials and locating documents and information. Special thanks also to Marjon Kuijs for her assistance in writing and editing many of the case studies included in this report; and to Jeremy Gross for writing the section on Indonesia’s economic and social context. Thank you to the many dedicated staff of the Ministry for Women’s Empowerment and the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare for their enthusiastic response to combat trafficking of women and children and their support for the ICMC and Solidarity Center program. We also would be remiss in not thanking the many people from government and from civil society in Bali, Central Java, East Java, East Kalimantan, Jakarta, Lampung, North Sumatra, North Sulawesi, Riau, West Java, West Kalimantan, and West Nusa Tenggara, who took time from their busy schedules to meet with us and share with us important information about trafficking in their regions. A special thanks also to our local partners who shared with us critical information about trafficking and continue to combat trafficking through counter trafficking projects in their regions. A complete list of these organizations and descriptions of their programs can be found in Appendix D. Translated into Indonesian by: Martha Widjaja Caprico Erwin Achmad Hasan Dian Octarina Dian Heryasih Cover and Illustrations by: Ireng Halimun Copy Editing By: Tim Behrend iv v About the Authors Fatimana Agustinanto is a Program Officer for ICMC’s Counter Trafficking project. Agus graduated from the Social Welfare Science Department of the University of Indonesia in Social and Political Sciences (2001). He worked for one year at the Indonesia Child Welfare Foundation in Jakarta as a social worker for the street children shelter. He also worked for two years with the Bandungwangi Foundation, an NGO in Jakarta that works with the commercial sex worker community. Agus has been a researcher on topics such as Domestic Violence, Bondage System in Child Prostitution, and Trafficking of Children, and Child Prostitutes’ Coping Strategy against Sexually Transmitted Diseases, working with researchers at the University of Indonesia, ILO/IPEC, the Suara Ibu Peduli Foundation and the Bandungwangi Foundation. Jamie Davis is a Program Specialist for the Solidarity Center’s Counter Trafficking Project in Indonesia. Jamie has over 11 years experience in the areas of advocacy, political participation and media. He currently works on several projects at the Solidarity Center, including the Counter Trafficking Project, a child labor program, and projects designed to empower trade unions to effectively participate in public policy through lobbying, advocacy and elections. Before joining the Solidarity Center in 1998, Jamie worked in the United States House of Representatives, the Democratic Party National Headquarters, and for candidates seeking election to the U.S. House of Representatives. He has also worked for The Jakarta Post. Jamie holds a Bachelors Degree from the University of Virginia. Anis Hamim is a Program Officer for ICMC’s Counter Trafficking Project. Anis graduated from the Muslim Family Law Faculty of the State Islamic Institute in Yogyakarta (1999). He has 4 years experience working in a women’s crisis center in Yogyakarta as the Coordinator of the Training and Research Department. In this position he acted as a trainer for numerous trainings and capacity building programs such as gender sensitivity training, paralegal training, and gender analysis training for community organizers. He was involved in several research studies as well, including research on legal enforcers’ response to violence against women, child abuse in twelve provinces, and a review of the existing Indonesian trafficking related legislation. Ketut Ika Inggas is a Program Officer for the Solidarity Center’s Counter Trafficking Project. Ika has a Masters Degree in Development Studies from the School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom (2002), a Bachelor Degree in International Relations from the Faculty of Social and Political Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta (1998) and completed a one year non-degree program at the Faculty of Law and Economics, Chiba University, Japan (1996–97). With the Solidarity Center Ika has three years experience in program management, implementation and training. She worked on grassroots voter education and long-term non- partisan election monitoring for the 1999 Indonesian general elections, as well as on grassroots vi civic education, women’s leadership, migrant workers, and the elimination of child labor. When she studied in England, Ika worked as a volunteer for the Norfolk Education and Action for Development, an NGO, which undertakes a wide range of educational activities and runs a fair trade shop. Ranggoaini Jahja is a Program Officer for ICMC’s Counter Trafficking Project. Nieke graduated from Faculty of Psychology at the University of Atma Jaya, Jakarta (1998). She is currently undertaking a Masters Degree in Anthropology at the University of Gadjah Mada in Yogakarta. She has been working for seven years on children’s and woman issues. She has experience as a researcher and trainer at Atma Jaya Research Centre on the subject of street children, child labor, and labor issues. She has also worked as a researcher on human rights and gender issues. Her experience as a trainer has been on a range of topics including counseling, case management, gender issues and research. Farida Mahri is a Program Officer for the Solidarity Center’s Counter Trafficking Project. Farida graduated from the Institute of Pedagogic and Educational Science (IKIP) in Yogyakarta (2000) with a graduate degree in Educational History. She has significant experience in training, organizing, and program implementation on issues related to gender, women political empowerment, migrant workers, domestic workers, and trafficking with several Indonesian NGOs including the Kinasih Women’s Solidarity For Human Rights NGO, the Institute of Development and Economic Analysis (IDEA), the Tjoet Njak Dien Foundation, and the Institute for Social Transformations (INSIST). Neha Misra is the Deputy Field Representative and Program Manager for the Solidarity Center’s Counter Trafficking Project in Indonesia. She has worked in Indonesia for over four and a half years, starting with the Solidarity Center as the Director of the Center’s Democracy project in 1998. Neha has a Juris Doctor degree from the Washington College of Law, American University (1994), where she focused her studies on International Human Rights Law, and a Bachelor of Science degree in International Business Economics and Public Policy from Indiana University (1991). Neha has over ten years experience in human rights and international development, focusing on issues related to labor, worker rights, marginalized groups such as migrant workers and child laborers, women workers, gender, trafficking in persons, and democracy and elections. Before coming to Indonesia, Neha worked in Bosnia and Herzegovina on post-war democracy, and in the United States with the U.S. Department of Justice. Anna Puspita Rahayu is a Program Officer for the Solidarity Center’s Counter Trafficking Project. Anna graduated from the Computer Information and Business Institute in Kediri (1997). She worked for two years with the Indonesian Migrant Workers Union in Hong Kong (1999 – 2000), as General Secretary and spent a year working for an International NGO, International Social Services--Hong Kong Branch, as an Information Ambassador for migrant worker programs. In this position she provided information kits and gave counseling to migrant workers through a special radio program for migrant workers. Ruth Rosenberg is the Program Manager for ICMC’s Counter Trafficking Project in Indonesia. Ruth has a Masters degree in Business Administration from the University of Maryland (1995) and a Bachelor degree in Psychology from the University of North Carolina (1986). Ruth has over 15 years experience in international development, focusing particularly on human resource development, training and gender issues. Ruth has worked in countries around the world including vii Armenia, Romania, the five countries of Central Asia, and several countries in Africa, before coming to Indonesia. Since 1999 Ruth has been involved in examining and analyzing gender related development issues, particularly trafficking of women and children, in Central Asia, Armenia,