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Laporan Akhir i LAPORAN AKHIR PEMBANGUNAN PELABUHAN DARATAN (DRY PORT) DI ENTIKONG KALIMANTAN BARAT Pusat Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Kawasan Asia Pasifik dan Afrika P3K2 ASPASAF Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia ii KATA PENGANTAR Tim Peneliti mengucapkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga tim penelitian laporan Penelitian yang berjudul: Rencana Pembangunan Dry Port di Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat-Sarawak. Dalam proses penyelesaian laporan ini tim peneliti banyak mendapatkan bantuan dari berbagai pihak, Pada kesempatan ini juga, tim peneliti menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada yang terhormat: 1. Dr. Siswo sebagai Kepala BPPK Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. 2. Dr. Arifi Saiman sebagai Kepala P3K2 Aspasaf Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. 3. Pihak-pihak Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia yang turut memberikan partisipasi dalam penelitian ini. 4. Fakultas FISIP Universitas Tanjungpura yang telah memberikan bantuan kepada tim peneliti dalam proses penyusunan laporan Penelitian ini. Tim peneliti menyadari bahwa hasil penelitian ini masih jauh dari sempurna dan masih terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, dengan kerendahan hati tim peneliti menghargai setiap kritikan dan saran-saran yang diberikan oleh pembaca demi lebih kesempurnaan hasil penelitian ini. Tim peneliti mengharapkan semoga Allah SWT, dapat membalas budi baik bapak-bapak dan ibu-ibu serta rekan-rekan semua. Pontianak,November 2017 Tim peneliti Dr. Elyta, M.Si Prof. AB. Tangdililing Drs. Sukamto Dr. Herlan Drs. Donatianus BSEP, M.Hum iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PEMBANGUNAN PELABUHAN DARATAN (DRY PORT) DI ENTIKONG KALIMANTAN BARAT Pada tahun 2016 telah terjadi perkembangan Pos Pemeriksaan Lintas Batas (PPLB) Entikong menjadi Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) Entikong. Berdasarkan survei tim peneliti telah terjadi permasalahan di PLBN Entikong yaitu: (1).Saat ini disinyalir kerawanan barang impor ilegal yang tidak terkontrol; (2).Disinyalir barang produksi dalam negeri juga rawan diselundupkan ke Malaysia. Menurut Kepala Bea Cukai Entikong, Kalimantan Barat termasuk daerah rawan. Misalnya kasus penyelundupan seperti bauksit dari Indonesia ke Malaysia; (3).Pada tahun 2013 nilai impor yang melalui PLBN Entikong sebesar US$ 216,95 juta, sedangkan nilai ekspornya hanya US$ 12,94 juta (laporan KBRI Kuala Lumpur 2014). Akhirnya pada bulan Mei 2014 kegiatan ekspor-impor yang melalui PPLB Entikong dihentikan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut pemerintah Indonesia berencana untuk membangun Dry Port internasional di Entikong. Selama ini Negara Indonesia belum memiliki Dry Port di daerah yang berbatasan langsung dengan luar negeri, seperti Malaysia. Badan Nasional Pengelolaan Perbatasan menawarkan agar membuat pelabuhan di pintu-pintu resmi, sehingga, barang yang masuk dalam negeri tidak didominasi oleh barang ilegal. Oleh karena itu rencana Pemerintah untuk membangun Dry Port di Entikong perlu segera direliasasi, agar dapat mendorong percepatan pembangunan wilayah dan menjadi pilar yang kokoh bagi stabilitas ekonomi yang berkelanjutan. Rencana ini perlu didukung penelitian tentang desain kebijakan pengelolaan Dry Port. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka, tim peneliti membuat rumusan permasalahan yaitu tentangdesain kebijakan pengelolaan Dry Port. Berdasarkan latar belakang, maka tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah merumuskan kebijakan pengelolaan Dry Port secara khusus, tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1)Menganalisa pembangunan Dry Port berdasarkan pengalaman di Cikarang dan Bandung; (2)Menganalisa potensi dalam merealisasikan Dry Port di Entikong; (3)Menganalisa peluang sinergi dan kerjasama Indonesia dan Malaysia pembangunan Dry Port di Entikong. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) dan Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Metode RRA merupakan kegiatan sistematik dan terstruktur, yang dilakukan oleh peneliti atau tenaga ahli dari berbagai disiplin, dengan tujuan mengumpulkan informasi dan data secara cepat dan efisien tentang fenomena Dry Port internasional Entikong. Selain itu tim peneliti akan menggunakan metode PRA. Secara harfiah, metode PRA dapat diartikan sebagai pengkajian Dry Port internasional Entikong melalui metode partisipatif. iv Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petimbangan dalam membangun Dry Port bukan hanya sekedar fisik berdirinya Dry Port tetapi juga pada aspek non fisik. Apabila Dry Port yang telah dibangun tidak berfungsi, maka keberadaan Dry Port tersebut tidak akan memberikan kontribusi. Sehingga pihak-pihak pengelola operasional Dry Port memilik peran dalam suatu struktur kepengurusan dengan memberdayakan sumber daya manusia yang mampu berkompetensi dalam proses operasional Dry Port. Misalnya pembangunan Dry Port di pulau Jawa bertujuan agar melegalkan stratus barang menjadi legal secara langsung tanpa harus melalui kota Jakarta. Pintu bea cukai di pelabuhan untuk skala expor import dengan penerapan sistem budget penopang agar dapat berjalan efektif dengan adanya kawasan industri hingga mencapai level internasional. Pelabuhan laut Pontianak belum bertaraf internasional sedangkan pelabuhan darat direncanakan bertaraf internasional sehingga perlu dilakukan protektor di pelabuhan Malaysia untuk melakukan kerjasama pelabuhan Indonesia dengan pelabuhan Malaysia untuk mencari kebenarannya lebih baik dan fleksibel untuk mendapatkan solusi terbaik sebagai pendukung Dry Port untuk menghindari kegagalan fungsi proyek tersebut. Infrastruktur pembangunan yang dilakukan Presiden Indonesia Joko Widodo telah banyak yang terwujud dengan desain yang cukup sistematis untuk membangun infrastruktur dan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Wilayah Entikong belum memiliki Dry Port sehingga membawa ekspor barang-barang harus ke Jakarta lagi, namun dengan dibangunnya Dry Port sehingga barang-barang malaysia dapat masuk secara otomatis. Entikong memiliki sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya alam yang harus diberdayakan. Pada dasarnya wilayah perbatasan Entikong memiliki potensi perekonomian, lokasi strategis dan dukungan akses formal dapat merangsang wilayah perbatasan untuk berkembang seperti beberapa kawasan perbatasan lain yang dicontohkan diatas. Berkembangnya sebuah kawasan perbatasan ditunjukkan dengan adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi dan peningkatan rill kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat harus sama-sama menguntungkan Negara Indonesia dan Negara Malaysia. Wilayah perbatasan Entikong memiliki berbagai potensi ekonomi, khususnya Sumber Daya Alam. Keberhasilan mengolah Sumber Daya Alam di kawasan perbatasan menjadi harapan masyarakat di provinsi Kalimantan Barat khusunya masyarakat di sekitar Kabupaten Sanggau. Wilayah Entikong berbatasan langsung dengan Tebedu, Negara bagian Serawak Malaysia yang memiliki luas 506,89 km2, dengan jumlah penduduk pada tahun 2010 sebesar 14.558 jiwa, dan kepadatan penduduk bruto sebesar 28,72 jiwa/km2. Kecamatan Entikong terdiri dari 5 desa dan 18 dusun. Entikong berjarak kurang lebih 147 km dari Ibukota Kabupaten Sanggau. Prasarana yang telah ada terdiri dari jalan Negara 14,5 km, jalan kabupaten 41,7 km, jalan desa 83,37 km. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata di Kecamatan Entikong adalah 9,51% per tahun.Menurut BPS Kabupaten Sanggau (2010: 61) penduduk kecamatan Entikong memiliki penduduk sebanyak 13,514 jiwa, terdiri dari jumlah penduduk laki-laki sebesar 6.758 jiwa dan penduduk perempuan sebesar 6.756 jiwa. Sementara itu berdasarkan wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat penduduk yang berusia muda khususnya perempuan yang berusia antara 15-19 tahun, umumnya mereka jarang terllihat di desa, karena kebanyakan dari mereka berangkat keluar negeri sebagai TKW. v Volume kegiatan lalu lintas orang keluar masuk dari dan keluar wilayah Indonesia melalui TPI Entikong cukup tinggi. Berbagai kepentingan orang menghiasi kegiatan lalu lintas di pos perbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia. Aktivitas perdagangan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sekitar maupun masyarakat Malaysia banyak dijumpai di daerah ini, selain itu juga kunjungan keluarga juga menghiasi aktivitas di pos perbatasan ini disamping kepentingan-kepentingan yang lain. Hal ini merupakan suatu fenomena yang menarik bagi masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di sekitar wilayah perbatasan tersebut dimana setidak-tidaknya dua kali dalam sehari mereka bepergian ke luar negeri. vi DAFTAR ISI Halaman COVER .............................................................................................................. i HALAMAN AKHIR LAPORAN AKHIR ....................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR. ....................................................................................... iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. ............................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI. ..................................................................................................... vii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang dan Perumusan Masalah ...................................... 1 1.1.1 Situasi di Perbatasan . .......................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 5 1.3 Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Dry Port ................................................................................ 5 1.4 Mode Penelitian ............................................................................ 7 BAB II SOLUSI KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN DRY PORT: LESSON LEARN CIKARANG
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