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MALAYSIA (Study Case of Entikong Sub-District of West Kalimantan)

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MALAYSIA (Study Case of Entikong Sub-District of West Kalimantan) ISSN : 2356 -5209 THE STRATEGIC ISSUES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BORDER AREA OF INDONESIA - MALAYSIA (Study Case of Entikong Sub-District of West Kalimantan) Abas Sunarya1 Sudaryono2 Dosen Tetap S2 STMIK Raharja Tangerang1,2 Jl. Jendral Sudirman No. 40, Modern Cikokol, Tangerang1,2 Email : [email protected]), [email protected]) ABSTRACT On the land, Indonesia is bordered by three countries: Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste. Whereas, in Indonesia sea area bordered by 10 countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, the Republic of Palau, Australia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Most of the border region in Indonesia is still an underdeveloped area with less facilities and infrastructure of social and economic. Formulation of the problem are: 1. How do the condition of the socio-economic and culture in the border of Indonesia - Malaysia? 2. What is the condition of infrastructure in the border and what is the urgent infrastructure to be built? 3. What are policy and strategy of the Indonesian government of the border of society development between Indonesia (Entikong) and Malaysia (Sarawak)? The purpose of writing are: 1. Comparing the condition of the socio-economic and culture of border both Indonesia and Malaysia. 2. Comparing the condition of the infrastructure of border both Indonesia and Malaysia and determining the infrastructure to be built. 3. Describing the Indonesian government policy and strategy in development acceleration of economic society in the border between Indonesia, especially Entikong Sub-District of Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak). Although, the commitment and the governments policy have given a higher priority in the reorientated development of border, which those of security (security approach) into a welfare orientation (prosperity approach), but overall, the issue of society development in Indonesia border, especially the District Entikong Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak) so far can be said that are still not getting proportional attention. The indication, though a variety of policies, regulations or laws relating to efforts to accelerate economic development of border societies have been made. Various issues and problems are faced by the border, both land and sea borders can be solved by more focused and targeted on six aspects, these are policy, economic and socio-cultural, defense and security, natural resources management, institutional and management authority, as well as cooperation inter nations. Key Word: Economic, Development, Border Area, Indonesia, Malaysia. INTRODUCTION Background The Indonesian archipelago is directly adjacent to the 10 countries. On the land, Indonesia is bordered by three countries: Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste. Whereas, in Indonesia sea area bordered by 10 countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, the Republic of Palau, Australia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Sea border is marked by the presence of 92 outer islands are home to the placement of the basic points that determine the sea boundaries. Most of the border region in Indonesia is still an underdeveloped area with less facilities and infrastructure of social and economic. The past assumption believe that the border area is Vol.2 No.2 – Agustus 2016 110 ISSN : 2356 -5209 an area which needs to be closely monitored because a troubled area of security has made border development paradigm more emphasis on safety than on the welfare approach. This leads to the border regions, in some areas untouched by development dynamics. Society of border area is the people who live on the inter-land border between Indonesia and Malaysia. In particular, people who live in the border regions of Indonesia (Entikong) and Malaysia (Sarawak). The border society is a strategically vital region in the constellation of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The border has the potential of natural resources and market opportunities because it has a strategic location geographically. Moreover, the fact shows that the border is geopolitically related to aspects of sovereignty, defense and security, a sense of nationality, ideology, social, economic and political. However, the potential of natural resources of Indonesia, especially those in the border is not useful optimally. It happened because there is a striking development gaps between people residing in the border of Indonesia (Entikong) and Malaysia (Sarawak). Base on the study, seminars or some quarter opinions said that the ideal conditions expected in the Indonesian people as the objectives of the Indonesian nation listed on the 1945 Indonesia constitution of the first paragraph, to realize the Indonesian welfare is still far from the expectations. Development of the border has a very close relationship to the mission of national development, especially for both the unity preserving and territorial integrity, national security and defense, as well as improving the welfare of the people in the border. The new paradigm, the development of borders change the aim of development policies that more oriented to inward looking become outward looking, so that it could be used to economic and trade activities international. The current approach of the border development uses prosperity approach and security approach. The gap of socio-economic both the border society and neighbour countries affect the character and lifestyle of local communities and give negative impact to the security of the border and the sense of nationalism. The border area is underdeveloped due to, among other things: 1. The location is relatively isolated with less accessible level. 2. Low levels of education and public health. 3. The low level of socio-economic welfare of society the border (poor people and backward villages). 4. Lack of information both the government and the border society (blank spot). As a result of the globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, information technology and communications can accelerate the access development of foreign culture into the Indonesian life. Frontier society are more likely to be affected by foreign culture, due to the greater intensity of relations and economic life depends on the neighboring countries. On the contrary, Malaysia in Kalimantan and Sarawak, the border used as a central economic, market, settlements, and the pavements which bear the economy of the border people. So that it becomes a major reason of the central government for expansion in order to enhance the national defense and the welfare of the Indonesia border people, especially the Sub-district Entikong, Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak). Therefore, in this paper will be discussed and analyzed on the strategic issues of the border regional economic of Indonesia - Malaysia. The analysis covers the border biographies, Vol.2 No.2 – Agustus 2016 111 ISSN : 2356 -5209 population distribution, infrastructure both regions, socio-economic and cultur, solutions offered and conclusions. Formulation of The Problem 1. How do the condition of the socio-economic and culture in the border of Indonesia - Malaysia? 2. What is the condition of infrastructure in the border and what is the urgent infrastructure to be built? 3. How does the government deal with lagging infrastructure in order to improve the welfare of each country? 4. What are policy and strategy of the Indonesian government of the border of society development between Indonesia (Entikong) and Malaysia (Sarawak)? The Purpose of Writing 1. Comparing the condition of the socio-economic and culture of border both Indonesia and Malaysia. 2. Comparing the condition of the infrastructure of border both Indonesia and Malaysia and determining the infrastructure to be built. 3. Explaining the government way in dealing with the lagging infrastructure in order to improve the welfare of each country. 4. Describing the Indonesian government policy and strategy in development acceleration of economic society in the border between Indonesia, especially Entikong Sub-District of Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak). CONCEPTUAL STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW Region Border In English border are termed boundary and frontier, and actually they are synonyms, but in the political geography both have a different sense. Boundaries are lines mark the outer of the territorial country. Whereas, frontier refers to zones (lanes) with diverse width, separate two different regions of the country. Borders called frontier because it lies in the front (front) or behind (hinterland) of a country. Therefore, the frontier may also reworded as foreland or bounderland or much. As for the word boundary is used for binding or limiting function (bounds or limits) a political unit, all of which contained therein have been bound into unity. Boundary most appropriate if the country is seen as a sovereign spatial unit. In this context, the border or territory or border zone is part of the territory of a country bordering with the territory of another country. For example, the border between the State of Indonesia (Entikong) and Negara Malaysia (Sarawak). Thus, the border is an area of a country has an important role in determining the boundaries of sovereignty, the exploitation of natural resources, the security and territorial integrity. Administratively, the land border both Indonesia and Malaysia include two (2) provinces, West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan, and consists of 8 (eight) District are
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