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Türkiye Kiyi Bölgeleri

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Türkiye Kiyi Bölgeleri TÜRKİYE KIYI BÖLGELERİ COĞRAFYA LİSANS PROGRAMI PROF. DR. MERAL SUNA DOĞANER İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ COĞRAFYA LİSANS PROGRAMI TÜRKİYE KIYI BÖLGELERİ Prof. Dr. Meral Suna Doğaner Yazar Notu Elinizdeki bu eser, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi’nde okutulmak için hazırlanmış bir ders notu niteliğindedir. ÖNSÖZ Türkiye Kıyı Bölgeleri kitabı kıyı bölgelerinden Ege Bölgesi ve Akdeniz Bölgesi, Marmara Bölgesi ve Karadeniz Bölgesi’ni kapsamaktadır. Bölgelerin coğrafyası yöreler ölçüsünde incelenmiştir. Dünyada “yerelliği” ön plâna çıkarmak eğilimi giderek küresel bir harekete dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Küreselleşmenin ortaya çıkardığı birbirine benzeyen yüzlerce kent, halka sunulan aynı marka yiyecek, giyecek ve içeceğe karşı halkın insanca tepkisi giderek artmaya başlamıştır. Bu durumda yörelerin fiziki coğrafyada farklı özellikleri, tarımsal ürünü, enerji kaynakları vb. ön plâna çıkmaktadır. Bu önem yöreler arasında rekabeti de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yörelerin bu farklılıkları, kalkınmaları için önemli yatırım alanlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle kıyı bölgeleri yöre ölçüsünde coğrafyada diğer yörelerden farklılıkları ön plâna çıkarılarak işlenmiştir. 1941 yılında I.Coğrafya Kongresinde Türkiye Coğrafi Bölgelere ve bölümlere ayrılmış fakat yöre ayrımı yapılmamıştır.1960 yılında Prof. Dr.Besim Darkot Türkiye coğrafyasında yöre ayrımına Marmara Bölgesi ile başlamış, Ege Bölgesi ve diğer yörelerle devam etmiştir. Büyük bilgi birikimi ve alan araştırması gerektiren yöre ayrımı çalışmalarına öğrencisi Prof. Dr.Metin Tuncel’de katılmıştır. Değerli bilim insanı Prof. Dr. Besim Darkot’un küreselleşmenin mekân üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini ön görerek 50 yıl önceden yerelliği ön plâna çıkaran coğrafya anlayışına teşekkür borçluyuz. Bu kitapta kıyı bölgeleri Prof. Dr.Besim Darkot’un ve Prof.Dr.Metin Tuncel’in ayırdığı yöre sınırlarına göre işlenmiştir. Coğrafyada arazi kullanım faaliyetleri birbiriyle rekâbet içindedir. Bu rekabet genelde güçlünün lehine sonuçlanmaktadır. Fakat yanlış arazi kullanımının getirdiği çok büyük zararlar bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle kitapta tarım/sanayi, madencilik/tarım, turizm/sanayi vb. arazi kullanım faaliyetlerimin birbiriyle ilişkisi ve yanlış arazi kullanımından ortaya çıkan mekânsal sorunlar ve çözümlere de yer verilmiştir. Türkiye coğrafi açıdan son derece zengin özelliklere sahip ve coğrafyası tam anlamıyla değerlendirilmemiştir. Türkiye coğrafyasının sağlayacağı çok fazla ekonomik kaynak bulunmaktadır. Bütün bu kaynakların doğru kullanımı ancak coğrafyacılar tarafından sağlanabilir. Coğrafyacıların da bu kaynakların doğru kullanımını öğrenmeleri gerekir. Bu kitabın amacı yörelerin rekâbet gücü yüksek farklılıklarını ön plâna çıkarmak, en uygun arazi kullanımını belirlemek ve yanlış arazi kullanımından ortaya çıkan mekânsal sorunlara dikkat çekmektir. Yöresel ölçekte coğrafi araştırmaların bulunmadığı yıllarda yörelerin coğrafyası hakkındaki bilgileri, yerinde alan araştırmalarıyla ortaya çıkaran ve yöre sınırlarını çizen Prof.Dr. Besim Darkot’a ve onun öğrencisi olarak yanında yetişen ve öğrenciliğimden itibaren kazandığı bilgi ve tecrübesini bana ve bilim dünyasına aktaran hocam Prof. Dr.Metin Tuncel’e teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum. Ülkemizin her yöresini onların sağladığı temel bilgi üzerine inceledim ve onlara lâyık olmaya çalıştım. Prof. Dr. M.Suna Doğaner 05.06.2017 /Lâleli I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ .................................................................................................................................. I KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................................ XI YAZAR NOTU .................................................................................................................. XII 1. EGE BÖLGESİ COĞRAFYASI: EDREMİT YÖRESİ VE BAKIRÇAY YÖRESİ ............ 1 1.1.Bölgenin Yeri ve Sınırları ............................................................................................ 7 1.2. Yüzey Şekilleri ........................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1. Dağlık Alanlar .................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2. Ovalar ............................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3. Kıyı Jeomorfolojisi ........................................................................................... 11 1.3. Hidroğrafya .............................................................................................................. 12 1.3.1. Akarsular .......................................................................................................... 12 1.3.2. Göller ............................................................................................................... 13 1.4. Bitki Örtüsü .............................................................................................................. 14 1.5. Ege Bölgesi’nin Bölümleri ve Yöreleri ..................................................................... 14 1.6. Edremit Yöresi ......................................................................................................... 15 1.6.1. Edremit Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası ...................................................................... 15 1.6.2. Edremit Yöresinde Yerleşmeler ........................................................................ 17 1.6.3. Edremit Yöresi Ekonomik Faaliyetler ............................................................... 18 1.6.4. Edremit Yöresinde Mekânsal Sorunlar .............................................................. 19 1.6.5. Edremit Yöresinde Ulaşım ................................................................................ 20 1.7. Bakırçay Yöresi ................................................................................................... 21 1.7.1.Bakırçay Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası ..................................................................... 21 1.7.2. Bakırçay Yöresinde Yerleşmeler ....................................................................... 23 1.7.3. Bakırçay Yöresinde Ekonomik Faaliyetler ........................................................ 24 II 1.7.4. Bakırçay Yöresi Mekânsal Sorunlar .................................................................. 24 1.7.5.Bakırçay Yöresinde Ulaşım................................................................................ 27 2. AŞAĞI GEDİZ YÖRESİ, İZMİR-URLA YÖRESİ VE KÜÇÜK MENDERES YÖRESİ 34 2.1. Aşağı Gediz Yöresi .................................................................................................. 40 2.1.1. Aşağı Gediz Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası ............................................................... 40 2.1.2. Aşağı Gediz Yöresi Yerleşmeler ............................................................................ 41 2.1.3. Gediz Deltası Mekânsal Kullanım ve Sorunlar .................................................. 45 2.1.4. Aşağı Gediz Yöresinde Ulaşım ......................................................................... 46 2.2. İzmir-Urla Yöresi ..................................................................................................... 46 2.2.1. İzmir-Urla Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası .................................................................. 46 2.2.2. İzmir-Urla Yöresinde Yerleşmeler .................................................................... 47 2.2.3. Urla Yarımadasında Ekonomik Faaliyetler ........................................................ 50 2.2.4. İzmir-Urla Yöresinde Ulaşım ............................................................................ 52 2.3. Küçük Menderes Ovası ve Çevresi Yöresi ................................................................ 53 2.3.1. Küçük Menderes Ovası ve Çevresi Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası ............................. 53 2.3.2. Küçük Menderes Ovası ve Çevresi Yöresinde Yerleşmeler .............................. 54 2.3.3. Küçük Menderes Ovası ve Çevresi Yöresinde Ekonomik Faaliyetler................. 56 2.3.4. Küçük Menderes Ovası ve Çevresi Yöresinde Ulaşım ....................................... 59 3. BÜYÜK MENDERES HAVZASI YÖRELERİ: İÇ VE DIŞ MENTEŞE YÖRESİ .......... 67 3.1. Büyük Menderes Ovası Yukarı Kesim-Denizli Yöresi .............................................. 73 3.1.1. Büyük Menderes Ovası Yukarı Kesim-Denizli Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası ........... 73 3.1.2. Büyük Menderes Ovası Yukarı Kesim- Denizli Yöresinde Yerleşmeler ............ 77 3.1.3. Büyük Menderes Ovası Yukarı Kesim- Denizli Yöresinde Ekonomik Faaliyetler ............................................................................................................................................ 78 3.1.4. Büyük Menderes Ovası Yukarı Kesim- Denizli Yöresinde Ulaşım .................... 79 3.2. Orta Büyük Menderes Yöresi -Aydın Yöresi ............................................................ 79 III 3.2.1. Orta Büyük Menderes Yöresi -Aydın Yöresi Fiziki Coğrafyası ......................... 79 3.2.2.Orta Büyük Menderes Yöresi -Aydın Yöresinde Yerleşmeler............................. 79 3.2.3. Orta Büyük Menderes Yöresi -Aydın Yöresinde Ekonomik Faaliyetler ............. 80 3.2.4. Orta Büyük Menderes Yöresi -Aydın Yöresinde Ulaşım ................................... 81 3.3. Aşağı Büyük Menderes Ovası-Söke-Milet Yöresi ..................................................... 82 3.3.1.Aşağı Büyük Menderes Ovası-Söke-Milet
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