Maintaining Peace and Interstate Stability in Archaic and Classical Greece

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Maintaining Peace and Interstate Stability in Archaic and Classical Greece Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Ge Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Edited by Julia Wilker Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschi Studien Maintaining Peace and Interstate Stability in Archaic and Classical Greece Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten schichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zu Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zu Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zu Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zu Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Ges Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschich Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien VerlagAntike udien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschich Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Studien zur Alten Geschichte Julia Wilker Maintaining Peace and Interstate Stability in Archaic and Classical Greece Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2012, Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz ISBN Print: 9783938032510 – ISBN eLibrary: 9783946317845 Herausgegeben von Ernst Baltrusch, Kai Brodersen, Peter Funke, Stefan Rebenich und Uwe Walter Studien zur Alten Geschichte BAND 16 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2012, Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz ISBN Print: 9783938032510 – ISBN eLibrary: 9783946317845 Edited by Julia Wilker Maintaining Peace and Interstate Stability in Archaic and Classical Greece VerlagAntike Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2012, Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz ISBN Print: 9783938032510 – ISBN eLibrary: 9783946317845 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über https://dnb.de abrufbar. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN of this book is 978-3-946317-84-5. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 International license, at DOI 10.13109/9783946317845. For a copy of this license go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Any use in cases other than those permitted by this license requires the prior written permission from the publisher. © 2012 Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz Satz Julia Wilker, Philadelphia Einbandgestaltung disegno visuelle kommunikation, Wuppertal ISBN 978-3-946317-84-5 www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2012, Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz ISBN Print: 9783938032510 – ISBN eLibrary: 9783946317845 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 7 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 9 Julia Wilker: Introduction ......................................................................................... 11 David F. Elmer: Building Community Across the Battle-Lines. The Truce in Iliad 3 and 4 ........................................................................................... 25 Natasha Bershadsky: The Border of War and Peace. Myth and Ritual in Argive-Spartan Dispute over Thyreatis ........................................................ 49 Sarah Bolmarcich: Thucydides’ Theory of Negotiation ..........................................78 Julia Wilker: War and Peace at the Beginning of the Fourth Century. The Emergence of the Koine Eirene .....................................................................92 Polly Low: Peace, Common Peace, and War in Mid-Fourth-Century Greece ...................................................................................................................118 Peter Hunt: Legalism and Peace in Classical Greece ............................................135 Maria Brosius: Persian Diplomacy Between “Pax Persica” and “Zero- Tolerance” ............................................................................................................150 Kurzzusammenfassungen .........................................................................................165 Contributors .............................................................................................................. 169 Indices ..........................................................................................................................171 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2012, Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz ISBN Print: 9783938032510 – ISBN eLibrary: 9783946317845 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2012, Verlag Antike e.K., Mainz ISBN Print: 9783938032510 – ISBN eLibrary: 9783946317845 Acknowledgments The papers presented in this volume originate from a symposium on Maintain- ing Peace and Interstate Stability in the Greek World, held at the Humanities Center at Harvard on May 9th, 2009. This symposium was made possible by the gracious financial support of the Volkswagen Foundation (Hannover, Germany) and took place while I was Postdoctoral Fellow at the Humanities Center in 2008/2009. I therefore want to express my gratitude to the Volkswagen Foun- dation, its Secretary General, Dr. Wilhelm Krull, and Dr. Gudrun Tegeder who was in charge of the program in 2008/2009. I am deeply grateful to the members and staff of the Mahindra Humanities Center at Harvard, first and foremost to its director, Homi Bhabha, and to its executive director, Steven Biel, for being such wonderful hosts. Special thanks go to Mary Halpenny-Killip, Shannon Mackey, Sarah Razor, and Balraj Gill at the Humanities Center, without whose help, care, and patience the event would not have been possible. I also especially thank Kurt Raaflaub whose paper on Greek Concepts and Theories of Peace in a Mediterranean Perspective opened the sympo- sium (see TAPA 139 (2009) 225-250, Historische Zeitschrift 290 (2010) 593-619). Finally, I would like to take the opportunity to express my sincerest grati- tude to
Recommended publications
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Aigina and the Naval Strategy of the Late Fifth and Early Fourth Centuries
    Methodisches zum antiken Atheismus 15 der Atheistenkataloge (s. Anm. 6), (c) eine kommentierte kritische Ausgabe des Diagoras und des Theodoros, die für (i1'tEOL Km' E!;OX'rlV gehalten wurden (s. Anm. 2)36). Ferner müßte untersucht werden, in welcher Bedeutung die Wörter (i1'tEO~ - a1'tE6'tT]~ und aOEßTJ~ - aOEßELu - aOEßTHw - aOEßELv in der griechischen Literatur bis zum Ende der Antike verwendet wurden. Erst dann besitzt man eine Grundlage für die Abfassung einer neuen kritischen Geschichte des Atheismus, die sich auf antike Quellen stützen und die oben erwähnten methodischen Postulate berücksichtigen wird. Wrodaw (Breslau) Marek Winiarczyk 36) Eine umfassende Bibliographie des Verfassers zum antiken Atheismus vom 17.Jh. an ist soeben erschienen in Elenchos 10, 1989, 103-192. AIGINA AND THE NAVAL STRATEGY OF THE LATE FIFTH AND EARLY FOURTH CENTURIES The following investigation examines the role which the is­ land of Aigina played in the struggle for naval hegemony between Athens and Sparta and offers insights both into techniques of war­ fare and into the balance of power at sea in the western Aegean. One important result of such an examination is the application to the classical period of the classification of Mediterranean naval warfare conducted by rowed ships into two discrete patterns, fleet operations and A!lG'tELU by small groups of ships. The general mili­ tary situation of Athens and Sparta and the political techniques available to either city for making use of their resources and for exploiting the weaknesses of their adversary affected the viability of fleet operations and raiding, the two modes of aggression.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlander: the Card Game
    Highlander: the Card Game Advanced Deck Construction Guide Does the card have a use? The first question is easy. If a card has a desired effect, then it is useful. Depending on what kind of deck I’m making, though, various cards that have no use in one deck become immensely useful in another: Holy Ground: Avoid Attacks is one of those cards that is very useful, but even more useful with Nefertiri, for example. Plot cards, which I find useless in most decks, are perfect for Xavier. The temptation sometimes is to toss in a card that doesn’t really enhance the deck, but does something interesting. I mean, I could put a Darius/Shooting Blade into all my decks, but it clashes with a lot of my deck themes: Amanda wouldn’t use one, though Luther might. So, a lot of the thought I put into certain cards stems from the type of deck I want to play. I don’t care if the deck wins, as long as it does what I want it to do. Is there a better card that does the same thing? Generally, I like to be able to play the cards I have in my hand whenever I want. Many of the Event cards, though, need targets (for example, the Police: Counter Event and Remove Situation cards) before you can play them. The Xavier cards are a lot better, when you are playing him: his Plan Ahead and Forethought cards are both Situations, and can be out of your hand immediately, just waiting to be used.
    [Show full text]
  • FALL 2008 Columbia University in the City of New York Co
    FALL 2008 Columbia University in the City of New York CO 435 West 116th Street, Box A-2 L UM New York, NY 10027 BI A L RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED A W S C HO O L M ag azine www.law.columbia.edu/alumni fall 2008 BREAKING THE CODE NEW FACULTY MEMBER MICHAEL GRAETZ HAS AN INNOVATIVE PLAN FOR REVAMPING AMERICA’s TAX CODE TALKINGTALKING TETELECLECOM: TIM WU CHATS WITH JEFFREY TOOBIN SCOTUS ANALYSIS FROM BLASI, BRIFFAULT, GREENAWALT, HAMBURGER, AND PERSILY Opportunity The Future of Diversity and Opportunity in Higher dean Columbia Law School Magazine David M. Schizer is published three times annually for alumni and friends of associate dean Education: A National Columbia Law School by the for development and Office of Development and alumni relations Alumni Relations. Forum on Innovation and Bruno M. Santonocito Opinions expressed in Columbia Law Collaboration executive director School Magazine do not necessarily of communications reflect the views of Columbia Law and public affairs School or Columbia University. Elizabeth Schmalz This magazine is printed December 3-5, 2008 guest editor on FSC certified paper. Matthew J.X. Malady editorial director James Vescovi assistant editor Mary Johnson Change of address information should be sent to: copy editors Lauren Pavlakovich, Columbia Law School Joy Y. Wang 435 West 116 Street, Box A-2 New York, NY 10027 During the first week in December, design and art direction Attn: Office of Alumni Relations Empire Design Studio Alumni Office university presidents, provosts, and photography 212-854-2680 Peter Freed, Robyn Twomey, Magazine Notices Eric van den Brulle, Jon Roemer 212-854-2650 academic innovators will gather for David Yellen [email protected] an historic conference focused on new printing Copyright 2008, Columbia Maar Printing Service, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • DEMOCRITUS Democritus
    CHAPTER FOUR DEMOCRITUS Democritus (c. 460-396 B.C.) was a younger contemporary ofProtagoras; both were born in Abdera. 1 Although he had encyclopedic interests and was the author of many works, the 298 fragments ascribed to him in Diels-Kranz are at most all that has survived of his writings? Almost all of these fragments concern ethical matters. But despite this, Democritus has generally not been known for his moral theory. He has always, and rightly, been considered an important figure in the history of natural philosophy for his theory of atomism. Commentators on the ethical fragments have often found them to be of little or no philosophical importance3 and have sometimes questioned their authenticity. The issue of whether these fragments are authentic is not important in the context of the present study, which is only interested in these fragments insofar as they re­ present the views of an early Greek moral theorist concerned with the issue of the compatibility of self-interest and morality. Thus, it would make little difference here whether the fragments be attributed to Democritus or one of his contemporar­ ies, although my own view is that they probably should be assigned to Democri­ tus.4 On the other hand, it is a crucial question in the present context whether the fragments have philosophical importance. It is true, of course, that the ethical fragments are written in a style closer to the philosophically unrigorous fragments of Antiphon's On Concord than to those from On Truth. But it cannot be concluded from this fact that they are trivial.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonweal Classification List 2012
    COMMONWEAL CLASSIFICATION LIST A – THEORY OF NVA D - PACIFISM A - General Da - Conscientious Ae - Analysis of NVA Objection Af - Nonviolent revolution Db - British Pacifism Ak - Training for NVA Dh - History of Pacifism An - Feminism and Dj - Pacifist Writings nonviolence Dk - Interwar Pacifist Ao - Critique of NVA Writings Ap - Case for civil Do - Critique of Pacifism disobedience Ds - Pacifists in Prison Aq - Ecology and NVA Du - International Pacifist At - Nonviolent defence Organisations Au - NV peacekeeping Dx - Nuclear Pacifism Ay - Spiritual basis of NVA Dy - Christian Pacifism Dz - Pacifist Classics B – NONVIOLENCE IN ACTION E - PEACE MOVEMENTS & B - General ACTIONS – by region Bb - Irish Civil Rights Bd - East European/anti- E - General Soviet NVA Ea - European: Be - Shanti Sena Eb - British Bf - Satyagraha in Action Ec - North European Bg - Fasting Ed - Eastern Bh - Examples of NVA in European History Ee - Southern Bi - Boycotts European Bj - Anti-Nazi NVA Eg - Asia: Southern Bl - Local/Personal NVA Eh - Southeast Bm - Housing /Land Ei - Northeast NVA Ej - Middle Eastern Bn - Women’s Peace Ep - Oceania/Pacific Movement Er - Africa Bo - Peace Camps Es - Latin American Bp - Animal Liberation NVA Et - US and Canadian Bq - Ecological NVA Direct Eu - International Peace action. Organisations Br - Anti-Racist NVA Ew - 1918 – 39 Peace Bs - Latin American NVA Movements Bt - US Civil Rights Bu - Transnational NVA F - FREEDOM STRUGGLE Bv - Tax Resistance Bw - Anti-Militarist NVA F - General Bx - Anti-Nuclear NVA Fc Identity based rights
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek World
    THE GREEK WORLD THE GREEK WORLD Edited by Anton Powell London and New York First published 1995 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. Disclaimer: For copyright reasons, some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1997 Selection and editorial matter © 1995 Anton Powell, individual chapters © 1995 the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Greek World I. Powell, Anton 938 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data The Greek world/edited by Anton Powell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Greece—Civilization—To 146 B.C. 2. Mediterranean Region— Civilization. 3. Greece—Social conditions—To 146 B.C. I. Powell, Anton. DF78.G74 1995 938–dc20 94–41576 ISBN 0-203-04216-6 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-16276-5 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-06031-1 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-17042-7 (pbk) CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Notes on Contributors viii List of Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 Anton Powell PART I: THE GREEK MAJORITY 1 Linear
    [Show full text]
  • Hesiod Theogony.Pdf
    Hesiod (8th or 7th c. BC, composed in Greek) The Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are probably slightly earlier than Hesiod’s two surviving poems, the Works and Days and the Theogony. Yet in many ways Hesiod is the more important author for the study of Greek mythology. While Homer treats cer- tain aspects of the saga of the Trojan War, he makes no attempt at treating myth more generally. He often includes short digressions and tantalizes us with hints of a broader tra- dition, but much of this remains obscure. Hesiod, by contrast, sought in his Theogony to give a connected account of the creation of the universe. For the study of myth he is im- portant precisely because his is the oldest surviving attempt to treat systematically the mythical tradition from the first gods down to the great heroes. Also unlike the legendary Homer, Hesiod is for us an historical figure and a real per- sonality. His Works and Days contains a great deal of autobiographical information, in- cluding his birthplace (Ascra in Boiotia), where his father had come from (Cyme in Asia Minor), and the name of his brother (Perses), with whom he had a dispute that was the inspiration for composing the Works and Days. His exact date cannot be determined with precision, but there is general agreement that he lived in the 8th century or perhaps the early 7th century BC. His life, therefore, was approximately contemporaneous with the beginning of alphabetic writing in the Greek world. Although we do not know whether Hesiod himself employed this new invention in composing his poems, we can be certain that it was soon used to record and pass them on.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristophanes' Lysistrata Today
    DIDASKALIA 9 (2012 ) 1 Risk-taking and Transgression: Aristophanes' Lysistrata Today Michael Ewans! The University of Newcastle Robert Phiddian! Flinders University Lysistrata, first performed in 411 BCE, is an Old Comedy about a fictional sex strike by the women of Greece designed to stop the Peloponnesian War. At a dark moment, when defeat appeared to be looming for Athens, the play provided a fantasy of peace. In recent decades it has been the most often revived and taught of Aristophanes’ plays, with 119 performances worldwide in the years 1990–2010, according to the Archive of Performances of Greek and Roman Drama.1 This piece, a collaboration between a translator and theatre researcher (Michael Ewans) and a Greekless literary scholar (Robert Phiddian), recounts a small part of that performance history, a part that sheds light on how this play translates (both literally and culturally) from fifth-century Athens to twenty-first-century Australia. The performances examined are a full-scale production designed to test and perfect Ewans’s new translation of the play at the University of Newcastle (New South Wales) in 2005, and a series of dramatised readings of the play (in the context of a course on comedy and satire) performed at Flinders University in Adelaide between 1998 and 2009, initially with Alan Sommerstein’s translations published by Penguin and subsequently with Ewans’s translation. Lysistrata remains popular not just because it is good, but also because it remains topically significant for its antiwar message and the apparently feminist premise of women taking over public affairs.2 These causes of popularity are potentially a two-edged sword for understanding the play, as relevance can be bought at the price of anachronism and distortion of meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • EPILOGUE Although the Eve of the Fourth Century Began with a General
    EPILOGUE Although the eve of the fourth century began with a general longing for peace, the years ahead held little of it. The victors threw down the walls of Athens only to see them soon re-erected. In return for Persian help against Athens the Spartans had sworn away the free- dom of the Greeks of Asia immediately to find that all Greeks felt that they had betrayed Hellenism. If the Athenians of the fifth cen- tury had exploited their Greek cousins in Anatolia, they had at least kept them in the realm of greater Greek politics. The Spartans after the Peloponnesian War finally came to grips with the stark reality that neither they nor any other Greek state could realistically ignore the vast power of Persia. Their response echoed down the century. They soon renounced their bargain with their Persian paymasters and sent a succession of commanders to maintain control of the Ionian littoral. They thus set a pattern for the following years, while adding their own ingredient. Men like Agesilaos strove not so much to liberate the Greeks as to include them in a new Spartan empire, one for which neither Spartan institutions nor mentality could adequately deal. Spartan alienation of their own war-time allies gave the first alarm of trouble. Within ten years of peace the Spartan failure of leadership led to a broad war along new lines. Instead of the fifth-century bipolarity of Sparta and Athens, states that had served as their allies built new alignments that would change kalei- doscopically for the rest of the century.
    [Show full text]
  • Bearing Razors and Swords: Paracomedy in Euripides’ Orestes
    %HDULQJ5D]RUVDQG6ZRUGV3DUDFRPHG\LQ(XULSLGHV· 2UHVWHV &UDLJ-HQG]D $PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI3KLORORJ\9ROXPH1XPEHU :KROH1XPEHU )DOOSS $UWLFOH 3XEOLVKHGE\-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV '2, KWWSVGRLRUJDMS )RUDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKLVDUWLFOH KWWSVPXVHMKXHGXDUWLFOH Access provided by University of Kansas Libraries (5 Dec 2016 18:13 GMT) BEARING RAZORS AND SWORDS: PARACOMEDY IN EURIPIDES’ ORESTES CRAIG JENDZA Abstract. In this article, I trace a nuanced interchange between Euripides’ Helen, Aristophanes’ Thesmophoriazusae, and Euripides’ Orestes that contains a previ- ously overlooked example of Aristophanic paratragedy and Euripides’ paracomic response. I argue that the escape plot from Helen, in which Menelaus and Helen flee with “sword-bearing” men ξιφηφόρος( ), was co-opted in Thesmophoriazusae, when Aristophanes staged Euripides escaping with a man described as “being a razor-bearer” (ξυροφορέω). Furthermore, I suggest that Euripides re-appropriates this parody by escalating the quantity of sword-bearing men in Orestes, suggest- ing a dynamic poetic rivalry between Aristophanes and Euripides. Additionally, I delineate a methodology for evaluating instances of paracomedy. PARATRAGEDY, COMEDY’S AppROPRIATION OF LINES, SCENES, AND DRAMATURGY FROM TRAGEDY, constitutes a source of the genre’s authority (Foley 1988; Platter 2007), a source of the genre’s identity as a literary underdog in comparison to tragedy (Rosen 2005), and a source of its humor either through subverting or ridiculing tragedy (Silk 1993; Robson 2009, 108–13) or through audience detection and identification of quotations (Wright 2012, 145–50).1 The converse relationship between 1 Rau 1967 marks the beginning of serious investigation into paratragedy by analyz- ing numerous comic scenes that are modeled on tragic ones and providing a database, with hundreds of examples, of tragic lines that Aristophanes parodies.
    [Show full text]