Bees, Wasps & Ants
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Bon Echo Provincial Park
BON ECHO PROVINCIAL PARK One Malaise trap was deployed at Bon Echo Provincial Park in 2014 (44.89405, -77.19691 278m ASL; Figure 1). This trap collected arthropods for twenty weeks from May 7 – September 24, 2014. All 10 Malaise trap samples were processed; every other sample was analyzed using the individual specimen protocol while the second half was analyzed via bulk analysis. A total of 2559 BINs were obtained. Over half the BINs captured were flies (Diptera), followed by bees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and beetles (Coleoptera; Figure 2). In total, 547 arthropod species were named, representing 22.9% of the BINs from the site (Appendix 1). All BINs were assigned at least to Figure 1. Malaise trap deployed at Bon Echo family, and 57.2% were assigned to a genus (Appendix Provincial Park in 2014. 2). Specimens collected from Bon Echo represent 223 different families and 651 genera. Diptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Coleoptera Hemiptera Mesostigmata Trombidiformes Psocodea Sarcoptiformes Trichoptera Araneae Entomobryomorpha Symphypleona Thysanoptera Neuroptera Opiliones Mecoptera Orthoptera Plecoptera Julida Odonata Stylommatophora Figure 2. Taxonomy breakdown of BINs captured in the Malaise trap at Bon Echo. APPENDIX 1. TAXONOMY REPORT Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona obesa Linyphiidae Ceraticelus Ceraticelus atriceps Neriene Neriene radiata Philodromidae Philodromus Salticidae Pelegrina Pelegrina proterva Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha Tetragnatha shoshone -
Cavity-Nest Boxes for Solitary Bees: a Century of Design and Research J
Cavity-nest boxes for solitary bees: a century of design and research J. Scott Macivor To cite this version: J. Scott Macivor. Cavity-nest boxes for solitary bees: a century of design and research. Apidologie, 2017, 48 (3), pp.311-327. 10.1007/s13592-016-0477-z. hal-02973424 HAL Id: hal-02973424 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02973424 Submitted on 21 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2017) 48:311–327 Review article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2016 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-016-0477-z Cavity-nest boxes for solitary bees: a century of design and research J. Scott MACIVOR Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A5, Canada Received 25 May 2016 – Revised 3 September 2016 – Accepted 26 September 2016 Abstract – A variety of solitary bee species that naturally nest in wood and plant stems aboveground also readily accept nest boxes, which are human-made devices that aggregate these nesting conditions. Nest boxes are sheltered bundles of hollow plant stems, bamboo or reeds, and holes drilled into wood or cavities made of other materials such as glass or polystyrene. -
Description of Mature Larvae and Ecological Notes on Gasteruption Latreille
JHR 65: 1–21 (2018)Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille... 1 doi: 10.3897/jhr.65.26645 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls Petr Bogusch1, Cornelis van Achterberg2, Karel Šilhán1, Alena Astapenková1, Petr Heneberg3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hra- dec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Pesthuislaan 7, 2333 BA Leiden, The Netherlands 3 Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, CZ-100 00 Praha, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Petr Bogusch ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Ohl | Received 13 May 2018 | Accepted 19 June 2018 | Published 27 August 2018 http://zoobank.org/D49D4029-A7DA-4631-960D-4B4D7F512B8D Citation: Bogusch P, van Achterberg C, Šilhán K, Astapenková A, Heneberg P (2018) Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645 Abstract Wasps of the genus Gasteruption are predator-inquilines of bees nesting in cavities in wood, stems, galls, and vertical soil surfaces. During studies of hymenopterans associated with reed galls caused by flies of the genus Lipara we recorded three species. We provide the evidence that a rare European species Gasteruption phragmiticola is a specialized predator-inquiline of an equally rare wetland bee Hylaeus pectoralis. Gasteruption nigrescens is a predator-inquiline of bees of the family Megachilidae, using the common bee Hoplitis leucomelana as the main host. -
Hymenovaria 15 Een Boekbespreking Te Maken Van Environmental Context
nummer 15 november 2017 Nieuwsbrief Sectie Hymenoptera Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging In dit nummer onder meer: Meewerken aan de bijenatlas voor België Veldobservaties Bijen en wespen in het natte natuurgebied De Bruuk Ephialtes manifestator gekweekt uit nest van Ancistrocerus trifasciatus De Mexicaanse zwartsteel nestelt in mijn tuin Op zoek naar Leucospis dorsigera nr. 15, november 2017 ISSN 1387-1773 Foto voorpagina: Vespa velutina nigrithorax , werkster. Foto: Albert de Wilde. Nieuwsbrief sectie Hymenoptera van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging Vormgeving: Jan Smit. Redactie J. D’Haeseleer, T. Peeters, J. Smit, E. van der Spek Redactieadres Voermanstraat 14, 6921 NP Duiven e-mail: [email protected] Website www.hymenovaria.nl Redactioneel Een redelijk gevuld en gevarieerd nummer. Bij ‘Literatuur’ de HymenoBiblio over 2016, twee Allereerst de aankondiging van de voorjaarsexcursie in boekbesprekingen door Theo Peeters en een 2018 naar de Peel in Brabant. Een verslag van de boekbespreking door Jan Smit. voorjaarsexcursie naar ’t Roegwold in Groningen, Bij ‘Oproepen’ de vraag om de bijdrage voor komend afgelopen voorjaar. Erik van der Spek doet verslag van jaar (2018) over te maken, gegevens op te sturen voor het Aculea-weekend, afgelopen zomer in België. Kort de rubriek ‘Leuke waarnemingen’ in HymenoVaria 16, verslag van de cursusdag ‘Bijen’, georganiseerd door de vraag om gegevens aan de deelnemers van de de NEV. En we hebben een viertal opmerkelijke excursie naar de Chaamse bossen, plus nog een ‘Veldobservaties’. oproep om medewerking aan De Wilde Bijenlinie. Bij ‘Artikelen’ vertelt Stijn Schreven over het Verder de aankondiging van de studiedag onderzoek in het natuurgebied De Bruuk, René ‘Goudwespen van de Chrysis ignita -groep’ op 13 januari Veenendaal kweekte een sluipwesp uit het nest van 2018, in Amsterdam. -
DEFOLIATORS Insect Sections
Alaska. Reference is made to this map in selected DEFOLIATORS insect sections. (Precipitation information from Schwartz, F.K., and Miller, J.F. 1983. Probable maximum precipitation and snowmelt criteria for Fewer defoliator plots (27 plots) were visited during southeast Alaska: National Weather Service the 1999 aerial survey than in previous years (52 plots) Hydrometeorological Report No. 54. 115p. GIS layer throughout southeast Alaska. An effort was made to created by: Tim Brabets, 1997. distribute these plots evenly across the archipelago. URL:http://agdc.usgs.gov/data/usgs/water) The objectives during the 1999 season were to: ¨ Spend more time covering the landscape during Spruce Needle Aphid the aerial survey, Elatobium abietinum Walker ¨ Allow more time to land and identify unknown mortality and defoliation, and Spruce needle aphids feed on older needles of Sitka ¨ Avoid visit sites that were hard to get to and had spruce, often causing significant amounts of needle few western hemlocks. drop (defoliation). Defoliation by aphids cause reduced tree growth and can predispose the host to Hemlock sawfly and black-headed budworm larvae other mortality agents, such as the spruce beetle. counts were generally low in 1999 as they were in Severe cases of defoliation alone may result in tree 1998. The highest sawfly larvae counts were from the mortality. Spruce in urban settings and along marine plots in Thorne Bay and Kendrick Bay, Prince of shorelines are most seriously impacted. Spruce aphids Wales Island. Larval counts are used as a predictive feed primarily in the lower, innermost portions of tree tool for outbreaks of defoliators. For example, if the crowns, but may impact entire crowns during larval sample is substantially greater in 1999, then an outbreaks. -
Wisconsin Bee Identification Guide
WisconsinWisconsin BeeBee IdentificationIdentification GuideGuide Developed by Patrick Liesch, Christy Stewart, and Christine Wen Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) The honey bee is perhaps our best-known pollinator. Honey bees are not native to North America and were brought over with early settlers. Honey bees are mid-sized bees (~ ½ inch long) and have brownish bodies with bands of pale hairs on the abdomen. Honey bees are unique with their social behavior, living together year-round as a colony consisting of thousands of individuals. Honey bees forage on a wide variety of plants and their colonies can be useful in agricultural settings for their pollination services. Honey bees are our only bee that produces honey, which they use as a food source for the colony during the winter months. In many cases, the honey bees you encounter may be from a local beekeeper’s hive. Occasionally, wild honey bee colonies can become established in cavities in hollow trees and similar settings. Photo by Christy Stewart Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) Bumble bees are some of our most recognizable bees. They are amongst our largest bees and can be close to 1 inch long, although many species are between ½ inch and ¾ inch long. There are ~20 species of bumble bees in Wisconsin and most have a robust, fuzzy appearance. Bumble bees tend to be very hairy and have black bodies with patches of yellow or orange depending on the species. Bumble bees are a type of social bee Bombus rufocinctus and live in small colonies consisting of dozens to a few hundred workers. Photo by Christy Stewart Their nests tend to be constructed in preexisting underground cavities, such as former chipmunk or rabbit burrows. -
Millichope Park and Estate Invertebrate Survey 2020
Millichope Park and Estate Invertebrate survey 2020 (Coleoptera, Diptera and Aculeate Hymenoptera) Nigel Jones & Dr. Caroline Uff Shropshire Entomology Services CONTENTS Summary 3 Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 3 Methodology …………………………………………………….. 4 Results ………………………………………………………………. 5 Coleoptera – Beeetles 5 Method ……………………………………………………………. 6 Results ……………………………………………………………. 6 Analysis of saproxylic Coleoptera ……………………. 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………. 8 Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera – true flies, bees, wasps ants 8 Diptera 8 Method …………………………………………………………… 9 Results ……………………………………………………………. 9 Aculeate Hymenoptera 9 Method …………………………………………………………… 9 Results …………………………………………………………….. 9 Analysis of Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera … 10 Conclusion Diptera and aculeate Hymenoptera .. 11 Other species ……………………………………………………. 12 Wetland fauna ………………………………………………….. 12 Table 2 Key Coleoptera species ………………………… 13 Table 3 Key Diptera species ……………………………… 18 Table 4 Key aculeate Hymenoptera species ……… 21 Bibliography and references 22 Appendix 1 Conservation designations …………….. 24 Appendix 2 ………………………………………………………… 25 2 SUMMARY During 2020, 811 invertebrate species (mainly beetles, true-flies, bees, wasps and ants) were recorded from Millichope Park and a small area of adjoining arable estate. The park’s saproxylic beetle fauna, associated with dead wood and veteran trees, can be considered as nationally important. True flies associated with decaying wood add further significant species to the site’s saproxylic fauna. There is also a strong -
Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Mortality and Sex Ratio in the Alfalfa
Seasonal and spatial patterns of mortality and sex ratio in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) by Ruth Pettinga ONeil A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology Montana State University © Copyright by Ruth Pettinga ONeil (2004) Abstract: Nests from five seed alfalfa sites of the alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata (F.) were monitored over the duration of the nesting season in 2000 and 2001, from early July through late August. Cells containing progeny of known age and known position within the nest were subsequently analyzed for five commonly encountered categories of pre-diapause mortality in this species. Chalkbrood and pollen ball had the strongest seasonal relationships of mortality factors studied. Chalkbrood incidence was highest in early-produced cells. Pollen ball was higher in late-season cells. Chalkbrood, parasitism by the chalcid Pteromalus venustus, and death of older larvae and prepupae , due to unknown source(s) exhibited the strongest cell-position relationships. Both chalkbrood and parasitoid incidence were highest in the inner portions of nests. The “unknown” category of mortality was highest in outer portions of nests. Sex ratio was determined for a subset of progeny reared to adulthood. The ratio of females to males is highest in cells in inner nest positions. Sex ratio is female-biased very early in the nesting season, when all cells being provisioned are the inner cells of nests, due to the strong positional effect on sex ratio. SEASONAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY AND SEX RATIO IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, Megachile rotundata (F.) by . -
Evidence and Implications of Recent and Projected Climate Change in Alaska’S Forest Ecosystems 1, 2 1 3 4 JANE M
Evidence and implications of recent and projected climate change in Alaska’s forest ecosystems 1, 2 1 3 4 JANE M. WOLKEN, TERESA N. HOLLINGSWORTH, T. SCOTT RUPP, F. STUART CHAPIN, III, SARAH F. TRAINOR, 5 6 7 3 8 TARA M. BARRETT, PATRICK F. SULLIVAN, A. DAVID MCGUIRE, EUGENIE S. EUSKIRCHEN, PAUL E. HENNON, 9 10 11 8 1 ERIK A. BEEVER, JEFF S. CONN, LISA K. CRONE, DAVID V. D ’AMORE, NANCY FRESCO, 8 3 12 11 13 THOMAS A. HANLEY, KNUT KIELLAND, JAMES J. KRUSE, TRISTA PATTERSON, EDWARD A. G. SCHUUR, 14 14 DAVID L. VERBYLA, AND JOHN YARIE 1Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning, University of Alaska, 3352 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 USA 2United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit, P.O. Box 756780, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 3Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 4Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy, University of Alaska, 3352 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 USA 5United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3301 C Street, Suite 200, Anchorage, Alaska 99503 USA 6Environment and Natural Resources Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska 99508 USA 7United States Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 8United States Department of Agriculture Forest -
What's New in Biological Control of Weeds?
WHAT’S NEW IN BBiologicaliological ControlControl ofof WWeeds?eeds? IIssuessue 7700 NNovov 1144 Buddleia leaf weevil Scion What’s Inside? FIELD HORSETAIL PROJECT FORGES AHEAD 2 SUMMER ACTIVITIES 7 PROMISING PATHOGEN FOR CRUEL CLIMBER 4 WHICH INSECTS POSE THE GREATEST PAMPAS PROVES TO BE A DIFFICULT TARGET 5 RISKS TO OUR INDIGENOUS PLANTS? 8 HOW MANY REPLICATES ARE ENOUGH? 6 Field Horsetail Project Forges Ahead Last year, the Lower Rangitikei Horsetail Control Group do), but also vegetatively via stolons and tubers. In some areas successfully applied to the Sustainable Farming Fund for a fi eld horsetail has been unwittingly spread around in gravel grant to investigate biological control options for fi eld horsetail extracted from infested areas. Now designated an unwanted (Equisetum arvense). Field horsetail is an ancient fern-like organism, it is illegal to knowingly grow or transport the plant vascular plant that is a signifi cant weed in New Zealand as well within New Zealand. Two other closely-related species have as other Southern Hemisphere countries including Madagascar, also found their way here – E. hyemale (rough horsetail) and South Africa, South America, and Australia. It made its way E. fluviatile. Rough horsetail has not shown the invasive to New Zealand in the early 1900s from Eurasia (possibly as a tendencies seen by fi eld horsetail and E. fl uviatile has been passenger with iris root stock from Japan). Like many of New successfully eradicated. Zealand’s weeds, it is toxic and unpalatable to stock, reducing pasture quality. The stems contain silica, which is not digestible, Field horsetail prefers the wetter regions of New Zealand and but more serious is the condition of ‘equisetosis’, which is is now widespread in Whanganui, Rangitikei, Taranaki, parts of brought on by grazing the plant, leading to acute thiamine Wellington and the West Coast of the South Island. -
Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I
Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea Edited by Matti Viitasaari Tremex Press Ltd., Helsinki Tremex Press I hl., /!/>'. 55, 00661 Helsinki, Finland Fax: i J5.S1'9-34650090 F.niail: [email protected] Weh site: www.kolumbus.fi/tremex © 2002 Tremex Press Ltd. All rights resemed, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re- trieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, without the permission in writing of the Copyright owner. ISBN 952-5274-01-2 Key words: bisecta, Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Megalodontesidae. Published 15 March 2002 Printed and bound in Jyväskylä, Finland by Gummerus Printing Front cover photograph: larvae of Craesus septentrionalis (Linnaeus) on Common Alder. Nature Photo Agency, Finland, Hannu Huovila. Contents Introduction 5 Outlines of the present study 5 Acknowledgements 8 The contributors 10 M. Viitasaari: The suborder Symphyta of the Hymenoptera 12 A cavalcade of landmarks in taxonomic research 12 Notes on faunistic record in Northern Europe 27 Monophyly and relationships of the Symphyta 30 Life history 34 Adult stage 34 Egg stage 39 Larval stage 40 Prepupal stage 41 Pupal stage 43 Voltinism and diapause strategies 44 Larval habits 45 Host spectrum 45 External feeders 47 Internal feeders 51 Gall-inducing sawflies 51 Early-season and late-season feeders 53 Reproduction, speciation and variation 54 Modes of reproduction -
Scottish Bees
Scottish Bees Introduction to bees Bees are fascinating insects that can be found in a broad range of habitats from urban gardens to grasslands and wetlands. There are over 270 species of bee in the UK in 6 families - 115 of these have been recorded in Scotland, with 4 species now thought to be extinct and insufficient data available for another 2 species. Bees are very diverse, varying in size, tongue-length and flower preference. In the UK we have 1 species of honey bee, 24 species of bumblebee and the rest are solitary bees. They fulfil an essential ecological and environmental role as one of the most significant groups of pollinating insects, all of which we depend upon for the pollination of 80% of our wild and cultivated plants. Some flowers are in fact designed specifically for bee pollination, to the exclusion of generalist pollinators. Bees and their relatives Bees are classified in the complex insect order Hymenoptera (meaning membrane-winged), which also includes many kinds of parasitic wasps, gall wasps, hunting wasps, ants and sawflies. There are about 150,000 species of Hymenoptera known worldwide separated into two sub-orders. The first is the most primitive sub-order Symphyta which includes the sawflies and their relatives, lacking a wasp-waist and generally with free-living caterpillar-like larvae. The second is the sub-order Apocrita, which includes the ants, bees and wasps which are ’wasp-waisted’ and have grub-like larvae that develop within hosts, galls or nests. The sub-order Apocrita is in turn divided into two sections, the Parasitica and Aculeata.