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Bon Echo Provincial Park

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BON ECHO PROVINCIAL PARK

One Malaise trap was deployed at Bon Echo Provincial Park in 2014 (44.89405, -77.19691 278m ASL; Figure 1). This trap collected arthropods for twenty weeks from May 7 – September 24, 2014. All 10 Malaise trap samples were processed; every other sample was analyzed using the individual specimen protocol while the second half was analyzed via bulk analysis. A total of 2559 BINs were obtained.

Over half the BINs captured were flies (Diptera), followed by bees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and beetles (Coleoptera; Figure 2). In total, 547 arthropod species were named, representing 22.9% of the BINs from the site (Appendix 1). All BINs were assigned at least to family, and 57.2% were assigned to a genus (Appendix 2). Specimens collected from Bon Echo represent 223 different families and 651 genera.
Figure 1. Malaise trap deployed at Bon Echo Provincial Park in 2014.

Diptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Coleoptera Hemiptera Mesostigmata Trombidiformes Psocodea Sarcoptiformes Trichoptera Araneae Entomobryomorpha Symphypleona Thysanoptera Neuroptera Opiliones Mecoptera Orthoptera Plecoptera Julida Odonata Stylommatophora

Figure 2. Taxonomy breakdown of BINs captured in the Malaise trap at Bon Echo.

APPENDIX 1. TAXONOMY REPORT

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Arachnida
Araneae
Clubionidae

Linyphiidae

Clubiona
Clubiona obesa

Ceraticelus Neriene
Ceraticelus atriceps Neriene radiata

Philodromidae Salticidae

Philodromus Pelegrina
Pelegrina proterva

Tetragnathidae Thomisidae

Tetragnatha Xysticus
Tetragnatha shoshone Tetragnatha viridis

Xysticus elegans

Mesostigmata
Blattisociidae Digamasellidae Dinychidae Melicharidae

Proctolaelaps

Parasitidae Phytoseiidae
Opiliones
Phalangiidae

Rilaena
Rilaena triangularis

Leiobunum aldrichi

Sclerosomatidae

Leiobunum

Sarcoptiformes
Achipteriidae Ceratozetidae

Diapterobates Cepheus

Compactozetidae

Page 1 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Eremaeidae Galumnidae

Pergalumna

Hemisarcoptidae Oribatulidae

Zygoribatula Neoribates

Parakalummidae Phenopelopidae Punctoribatidae

Mycobates

Scheloribatidae Anisitsiellidae
Trombidiformes

Bandakia Cyta

Anystidae Bdellidae

Erythraeidae

Balaustium Leptus

Eupodidae Microtrombidiidae Pygmephoridae Scutacaridae Smarididae Tetranychidae Trombidiidae
Collembola
Entomobryomorpha
Entomobryidae

Entomobrya
Entomobrya assuta Entomobrya atrocincta Entomobrya nivalis
Lepidocyrtus

Tomocerus Bourletiella
Lepidocyrtus paradoxus

Tomoceridae
Symphypleona
Bourletiellidae

Dicyrtomidae

Page 2 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Dicyrtomina

Katiannidae Julidae
Diplopoda
Julida

Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Arionidae

Arion

Insecta
Lepidoptera
Argyresthiidae

Autostichidae

Argyresthia Taygete
Argyresthia oreasella Taygete attributella

Batrachedridae Blastobasidae

Asaphocrita Pigritia
Asaphocrita busckiella Pigritia laticapitella

Bucculatricidae

Bucculatrix
Bucculatrix polytita Bucculatrix staintonella

Choreutidae

Choreutis
Choreutis diana

Coleophoridae Cosmopterigidae

Coleophora Cosmopterix
Coleophora limosipennella Cosmopterix abdita Cosmopterix clemensella Cosmopterix montisella
Perimede

Crambus
Perimede erransella Crambus albellus

Crambidae

Page 3 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Herpetogramma Scoparia
Scoparia biplagialis

Depressariidae

Agonopterix Machimia Psilocorsis
Agonopterix pulvipennella Machimia tentoriferella Psilocorsis reflexella

Drepanidae

Drepana
Drepana arcuata
Pseudothyatira
Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides

Dryadaulidae Elachistidae

Dryadaula
Dryadaula visaliella

Chrysoclista Elachista
Chrysoclista linneella Elachista madarella

Erebidae

Chytolita Dyspyralis
Dyspyralis illocata
Halysidota

Hypena
Halysidota atra Halysidota tessellaris

Hypena deceptalis Hypena madefactalis Hypena manalis
Hypenodes
Hypenodes fractilinea
Idia Palthis
Palthis angustipennis

Pechipogo strigilata
Pechipogo Renia Zale

Page 4 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Zale minerea
Zanclognatha
Zanclognatha laevigata Zanclognatha lituralis Zanclognatha nr. lituralis

Gelechiidae

Anacampsis Bryotropha Carpatolechia Chionodes
Anacampsis conclusella Bryotropha gemella Carpatolechia belangerella Chionodes mediofuscella Coleotechnites quercivorella
Coleotechnites Dichomeris
Dichomeris ochripalpella Dichomeris punctipennella
Metzneria
Metzneria lappella
Monochroa
Monochroa quinquepunctella
Pseudotelphusa Scrobipalpa
Scrobipalpa salinella

Besma endropiaria

Geometridae

Besma Biston Campaea
Campaea perlata
Costaconvexa
Costaconvexa centrostrigaria
Euchlaena Eugonobapta
Eugonobapta nivosaria

Eupithecia lariciata
Eupithecia Homochlodes Hydriomena Hypagyrtis Iridopsis

Page 5 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Iridopsis ephyraria Lambdina fiscellaria
Lambdina Melanolophia Metarranthis Operophtera
Operophtera bruceata
Pleuroprucha Prochoerodes Scopula Xanthorhoe
Xanthorhoe iduata

Gracillariidae

Acrocercops Caloptilia
Acrocercops astericola Caloptilia bimaculatella Caloptilia hypericella Caloptilia packardella
Marmara Parornix Phyllocnistis Phyllonorycter
Phyllonorycter ostryaefoliella

Korscheltellus lupulina Poanes hobomok

Hepialidae

Korscheltellus Poanes

Hesperiidae Limacodidae

Tortricidia

Micropterigidae

Epimartyria
Epimartyria auricrinella

Nepticulidae Noctuidae

Ectoedemia Stigmella
Ectoedemia populella Stigmella rhamnicola
Abagrotis
Abagrotis anchocelioides

Page 6 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Acronicta Apamea
Acronicta americana Apamea cariosa Apamea dubitans
Chytonix

Cucullia
Chytonix palliatricula Cucullia convexipennis
Diarsia Elaphria
Elaphria versicolor
Eosphoropteryx

Euplexia
Eosphoropteryx thyatyroides Euplexia benesimilis
Eupsilia Ipimorpha Lithophane Loscopia
Loscopia velata
Morrisonia

Orthodes Orthosia
Morrisonia evicta Morrisonia latex

Orthodes cynica Orthodes majuscula

Orthosia hibisci Orthosia rubescens
Syngrapha Tricholita
Tricholita signata

Nola ovilla

Nolidae

Nola

Notodontidae

Heterocampa Peridea
Heterocampa guttivitta Peridea basitriens

Nymphalidae

Vanessa

Page 7 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Vanessa atalanta

Oecophoridae

Eido
Eido trimaculella
Mathildana

Papilio Dahlica Psyche

Papilionidae Psychidae

Dahlica triquetrella Psyche casta

Pyralidae Tineidae

Pococera Homosetia
Homosetia argentinotella Homosetia fasciella Homosetia marginimaculella
Nemapogon

Pelecystola Scardiella Tinea
Nemapogon ophrionella Pelecystola nearctica Scardiella approximatella Tinea croceoverticella

Tortricidae

Acleris Ancylis
Acleris forsskaleana Acleris nigrolinea

Ancylis divisana
Anopina Apotomis Archips
Archips purpurana
Argyrotaenia Cenopis
Cenopis diluticostana
Choristoneura

Clepsis
Choristoneura fractivittana

Page 8 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Clepsis virescana Coelostathma discopunctana
Coelostathma Epinotia Eulia
Eulia ministrana
Gretchena
Gretchena delicatana
Olethreutes
Olethreutes auricapitana Olethreutes fasciatana
Pandemis Pelochrista
Pelochrista similiana

Yponomeutidae

Swammerdamia
Swammerdamia caesiella

Hymenoptera
Aphelinidae

Apidae

Aphytis Bombus Ceratina Arge
Bombus perplexus Arge quidia

Argidae Bethylidae Braconidae

Aleiodes Aliolus Alysia Apanteles
Apanteles ensiger

Aphidius ervi
Aphidius Ascogaster Asobara Aspilota
Aspilota angusta

Bassus annulipes
Bassus Bracon

Page 9 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Centistes Choeras Dinotrema Dolichogenidea Euphoriella Glyptapanteles Heterospilus Histeromerus
Histeromerus canadensis

Meteorus ictericus
Macrocentrus Meteorus

Microgaster Orgilus Orthostigma Phanerotoma Pholetesor
Pholetesor viminetorum
Wesmaelia

Ceraphronidae Cimbicidae

Cimbex

Crabronidae

Crossocerus Passaloecus
Crossocerus annulipes Passaloecus cuspidatus
Pemphredon Stigmus

Diapriidae

Pantoclis
Pantoclis hirtistilus
Trichopria

Dryinidae Eulophidae Figitidae

Ganaspis
Ganaspis seticornis

Formicidae

Camponotus
Camponotus nearcticus
Formica Lasius

Page 10 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Lasius alienus
Myrmica

Ichneumonidae

Adelognathus Agrothereutes
Agrothereutes abbreviatus

Apechthis annulicornis
Apechthis Campodorus Coelichneumon Coleocentrus Cratocryptus Cryptus
Cryptus dianae
Cylloceria

Dialipsis
Cylloceria melancholica Dialipsis dissimilis
Dusona Echthrus Enicospilus Erigorgus
Erigorgus sinuosus
Euceros Eusterinx Gelis Hercus
Hercus fontinalis
Hypsicera Ichneumon
Ichneumon validicornis

Lissonota sexcincta
Ischnus Lissonota

Mesochorus Mesoleptus Netelia Neurateles Odontocolon Ophion
Ophion idoneus
Oresbius Orthocentrus

Page 11 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Orthocentrus spurius Orthocentrus winnertzii
Oxytorus
Oxytorus antennatus
Pantisarthrus Phobocampe
Phobocampe bicingulata
Phygadeuon
Phygadeuon cephalotes Phygadeuon rugulosus
Phytodietus Pimpla
Pimpla aequalis
Plectiscus

Proclitus Rhyssa
Plectiscus callidulus Proclitus ardentis Rhyssa crevieri
Schenkia
Schenkia graminicola
Sinophorus Spilopteron
Spilopteron franclemonti

Stenomacrus merula
Stenodontus Stenomacrus

Theronia

Trychosis
Theronia hilaris Theronia laevigata

Megaspilidae Mymaridae

Alaptus Anagrus Anaphes
Anaphes listronoti
Camptoptera Dicopus Platypatasson

Platygastridae

Leptacis Platygaster

Page 12 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Synopeas Telenomus
Telenomus autumnalis Telenomus podisi
Trissolcus

Anoplius Ceropales

Pompilidae

Anoplius virginiensis Ceropales maculata

Pteromalidae Tenthredinidae

Ametastegia Craesus
Craesus septentrionalis

Pachynematus vagus
Nematus Pachynematus

Pristiphora Strongylogaster
Strongylogaster macula

Taxonus borealis
Taxonus Tenthredo Thrinax
Thrinax albidopicta

Torymidae

Torymus

Trichogrammatidae

Trichogramma
Trichogramma cacoeciae

Vespidae

Dolichovespula Vespula
Dolichovespula arenaria Vespula flavopilosa

Psocodea
Amphipsocidae

Caeciliusidae

Polypsocus Valenzuela
Polypsocus corruptus Valenzuela flavidus

Page 13 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Lachesillidae

Lachesilla Echmepteryx Peripsocus Blastopsocus
Lachesilla anna

Lepidopsocidae Peripsocidae Psocidae

Echmepteryx hageni Peripsocus subfasciatus Blastopsocus semistriatus
Cerastipsocus Indiopsocus
Indiopsocus infumatus

Metylophorus novaescotiae Ptycta polluta
Metylophorus Ptycta Trichadenotecnum
Trichadenotecnum majus

Diptera
Chironomidae

Ablabesmyia
Ablabesmyia americana
Bryophaenocladius

Chironomus
Bryophaenocladius ictericus Chironomus acidophilus Chironomus bifurcatus Chironomus maturus Chironomus melanescens
Cladotanytarsus Conchapelopia Corynoneura Cricotopus
Cricotopus tremulus Cricotopus trifascia Cricotopus vierriensis
Dicrotendipes
Dicrotendipes tritomus
Gymnometriocnemus
Gymnometriocnemus brumalis

Page 14 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Heterotrissocladius
Heterotrissocladius changi

Limnophyes sp. 14ES
Krenopelopia Limnophyes

Micropsectra
Micropsectra polita Micropsectra subletteorum
Microtendipes

Monopelopia Orthocladius
Microtendipes pedellus Monopelopia tenuicalcar Orthocladius carlatus Orthocladius oliveri
Paracladopelma
Paracladopelma winnelli
Parametriocnemus Paraphaenocladius
Paraphaenocladius impensus
Paratanytarsus
Paratanytarsus laccophilus Paratanytarsus sp. 7TE
Paratendipes Phaenopsectra Polypedilum
Polypedilum convictum Polypedilum tritum
Procladius
Procladius sp. ES05

Rheotanytarsus pellucidus Smittia sp. 8ES
Rheotanytarsus Smittia Stempellinella Tanytarsus
Stempellinella fimbriata Tanytarsus aigos Tanytarsus glabrescens Tanytarsus guerlus Tanytarsus mendax
Thienemanniella
Thienemanniella lobapodema

Page 15 of 34

  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Thienemanniella xena Xenochironomus xenolabis
Xenochironomus

Cecidomyiidae

Asteromyia Coccopsilis
Coccopsilis paneliusi
Contarinia Dasineura Feltiella Peromyia
Peromyia cornuta
Sitodiplosis Vitisiella
Vitisiella brevicauda

Agromyzidae

Cerodontha Phytobia
Phytobia setosa

Anisopodidae Anthomyiidae

Sylvicola
Sylvicola fuscatus

Anthomyia Chirosia
Chirosia stratifrons
Delia

Egle
Delia florilega Delia platura

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  • Lepidoptera of North America 5

    Lepidoptera of North America 5

    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
  • Archiv Für Naturgeschichte

    Archiv Für Naturgeschichte

    © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Bericht über die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie während der Jahre 1859 und 1860. (Zweite Hälfte). Von Dr. A. Gerstaecker in Berlin. Hymenoptera. Auf die Verschiedenheiten, welche die an der Costa der Hymenopteren-Hinterflüg-el befindlichen Häkchen, durch welche bekanntlich der Schluss der Flügel während des Fluges der Aderflügler bedingt wird , sowohl in Zahl als Anordnung darbieten, hat Miss Staveley in einer durch Abbildungen illustrirten Abhandlung „Observations on the neuration of the bind wings of Hymenopterous Insects, and on the hooks which join the forc and bind wings together in flight" (Transact. Linnean soc. of London XXIII. 1. p. 125— 137. tab.l6u. 17) hingewiesen. Diese Abhandlung ist eine weitere Ausführung einer schon von J. E. Gray (Annais of nat. bist. V. p. 339 ff.) mitgethcilton und von derselben Verfasserin herrührenden hürzeren Notiz : „On the hooks on the front edge of the hinder wings of certain Hymenoptera," in welcher zunächst nur auf die Modifika- tionen jener Flügelhäkchen bei einigen Ichneurnoniden hingewiesen wird. — in der genannten grösseren Abhand- lung geht die Verf. zunächst auf das bisher wenig beachtete Geäder der Hinterflügcl ein und glaubt die Verschieden- heiten desselben , besonders in Bezug auf das Verhalten der Costa , drei Categorieen zuertheilen zu müssen (die © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Gerstaecker: Bericht über die Wissenschaft).
  • Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves

    Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves

    A SURVEY OF THE MOTHS, BUTTERFLIES, AND GRASSHOPPERS OF FOUR NATURE CONSERVANCY PRESERVES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA Stephen P. Hall and Dale F. Schweitzer November 15, 1993 ABSTRACT Moths, butterflies, and grasshoppers were surveyed within four longleaf pine preserves owned by the North Carolina Nature Conservancy during the growing season of 1991 and 1992. Over 7,000 specimens (either collected or seen in the field) were identified, representing 512 different species and 28 families. Forty-one of these we consider to be distinctive of the two fire- maintained communities principally under investigation, the longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods. An additional 14 species we consider distinctive of the pocosins that occur in close association with the savannas and flatwoods. Twenty nine species appear to be rare enough to be included on the list of elements monitored by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (eight others in this category have been reported from one of these sites, the Green Swamp, but were not observed in this study). Two of the moths collected, Spartiniphaga carterae and Agrotis buchholzi, are currently candidates for federal listing as Threatened or Endangered species. Another species, Hemipachnobia s. subporphyrea, appears to be endemic to North Carolina and should also be considered for federal candidate status. With few exceptions, even the species that seem to be most closely associated with savannas and flatwoods show few direct defenses against fire, the primary force responsible for maintaining these communities. Instead, the majority of these insects probably survive within this region due to their ability to rapidly re-colonize recently burned areas from small, well-dispersed refugia.
  • Butterflies and Moths of Dorchester County, Maryland, United States

    Butterflies and Moths of Dorchester County, Maryland, United States

    Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail
  • A-Razowski X.Vp:Corelventura

    A-Razowski X.Vp:Corelventura

    Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 46(3): 269-275, Kraków, 30 Sep., 2003 Reassessment of forewing pattern elements in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) Józef RAZOWSKI Received: 15 March, 2003 Accepted for publication: 20 May, 2003 RAZOWSKI J. 2003. Reassessment of forewing pattern elements in Tortricidae (Lepidop- tera). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 46(3): 269-275. Abstract. Forewing pattern elements of moths in the family Tortricidae are discussed and characterized. An historical review of the terminology is provided. A new system of nam- ing pattern elements is proposed. Key words. Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, forewing pattern, analysis, terminology. Józef RAZOWSKI, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, S³awkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: razowski.isez.pan.krakow.pl I. INTRODUCTION Early tortricid workers such as HAWORTH (1811), HERRICH-SCHHÄFFER (1856), and others pre- sented the first terminology for forewing pattern elements in their descriptions of new species. Nearly a century later, SÜFFERT (1929) provided a more eclectic discussion of pattern elements for Lepidoptera in general. In recent decades, the common and repeated use of specific terms in de- scriptions and illustrations by FALKOVITSH (1966), DANILEVSKY and KUZNETZOV (1968), and oth- ers reinforced these terms in Tortricidae. BRADLEY et al. (1973) summarized and commented on all the English terms used to describe forewing pattern elements. DANILEVSKY and KUZNETZOV (1968) and KUZNETZOV (1978) analyzed tortricid pattern elements, primarily Olethreutinae, dem- onstrating the taxonomic significance of the costal strigulae in that subfamily. For practical pur- poses they numbered the strigulae from the forewing apex to the base, where the strigulae often become indistinct. KUZNETZOV (1978) named the following forewing elements in Tortricinae: ba- sal fascia, subterminal fascia, outer fascia (comprised of subapical blotch and outer blotch), apical spot, and marginal line situated in the marginal fascia (a component of the ground colour).
  • Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I

    Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I

    Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) I A review of the suborder, the Western Palaearctic taxa of Xyeloidea and Pamphilioidea Edited by Matti Viitasaari Tremex Press Ltd., Helsinki Tremex Press I hl., /!/>'. 55, 00661 Helsinki, Finland Fax: i J5.S1'9-34650090 F.niail: [email protected] Weh site: www.kolumbus.fi/tremex © 2002 Tremex Press Ltd. All rights resemed, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re- trieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, without the permission in writing of the Copyright owner. ISBN 952-5274-01-2 Key words: bisecta, Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Megalodontesidae. Published 15 March 2002 Printed and bound in Jyväskylä, Finland by Gummerus Printing Front cover photograph: larvae of Craesus septentrionalis (Linnaeus) on Common Alder. Nature Photo Agency, Finland, Hannu Huovila. Contents Introduction 5 Outlines of the present study 5 Acknowledgements 8 The contributors 10 M. Viitasaari: The suborder Symphyta of the Hymenoptera 12 A cavalcade of landmarks in taxonomic research 12 Notes on faunistic record in Northern Europe 27 Monophyly and relationships of the Symphyta 30 Life history 34 Adult stage 34 Egg stage 39 Larval stage 40 Prepupal stage 41 Pupal stage 43 Voltinism and diapause strategies 44 Larval habits 45 Host spectrum 45 External feeders 47 Internal feeders 51 Gall-inducing sawflies 51 Early-season and late-season feeders 53 Reproduction, speciation and variation 54 Modes of reproduction
  • Awenda Provincial Park

    Awenda Provincial Park

    AWENDA PROVINCIAL PARK One Malaise trap was deployed at Awenda Provincial Park in 2014 (44.82534, -79.98458, 231m ASL; Figure 1). This trap collected arthropods for twenty weeks from April 29 – September 19, 2014. All 10 Malaise trap samples were processed; every other sample was analyzed using the individual specimen protocol while the second half was analyzed via bulk analysis. A total of 3029 BINs were obtained. Over half the BINs captured were flies (Diptera), followed by bees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and true bugs (Hemiptera; Figure 2). In total, 595 arthropod species were named, representing 21.3% of the BINs from the Figure 1. Malaise trap deployed at Awenda Provincial site (Appendix 1). All the BINs were assigned at least Park in 2014. to family, and 54% were assigned to a genus (Appendix 2). Specimens collected from Awenda represent 214 different families and 705 genera. Diptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Trombidiformes Sarcoptiformes Psocodea Mesostigmata Araneae Entomobryomorpha Mecoptera Symphypleona Trichoptera Neuroptera Thysanoptera Dermaptera Pseudoscorpiones Stylommatophora Odonata Opiliones Orthoptera Figure 2. Taxonomy breakdown of BINs captured in the Malaise trap at Awenda. APPENDIX 1. TAXONOMY REPORT Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Agelenidae Agelenopsis Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona kastoni Dictynidae Emblyna Emblyna sublata Linyphiidae Ceraticelus Ceraticelus atriceps Ceraticelus fissiceps Ceratinella Ceratinella brunnea Ceratinops