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Archiv Für Naturgeschichte © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Bericht über die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie während der Jahre 1859 und 1860. (Zweite Hälfte). Von Dr. A. Gerstaecker in Berlin. Hymenoptera. Auf die Verschiedenheiten, welche die an der Costa der Hymenopteren-Hinterflüg-el befindlichen Häkchen, durch welche bekanntlich der Schluss der Flügel während des Fluges der Aderflügler bedingt wird , sowohl in Zahl als Anordnung darbieten, hat Miss Staveley in einer durch Abbildungen illustrirten Abhandlung „Observations on the neuration of the bind wings of Hymenopterous Insects, and on the hooks which join the forc and bind wings together in flight" (Transact. Linnean soc. of London XXIII. 1. p. 125— 137. tab.l6u. 17) hingewiesen. Diese Abhandlung ist eine weitere Ausführung einer schon von J. E. Gray (Annais of nat. bist. V. p. 339 ff.) mitgethcilton und von derselben Verfasserin herrührenden hürzeren Notiz : „On the hooks on the front edge of the hinder wings of certain Hymenoptera," in welcher zunächst nur auf die Modifika- tionen jener Flügelhäkchen bei einigen Ichneurnoniden hingewiesen wird. — in der genannten grösseren Abhand- lung geht die Verf. zunächst auf das bisher wenig beachtete Geäder der Hinterflügcl ein und glaubt die Verschieden- heiten desselben , besonders in Bezug auf das Verhalten der Costa , drei Categorieen zuertheilen zu müssen (die © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Gerstaecker: Bericht über die Wissenschaft). Leist. u. s. w. 389 jedoch den natürlichen Verwandtschaften der damit behafte- ten Formen zum grössten Theile nicht entsprechen. Ref.) Die Hafthäkchen betreflend , so macht sie darauf aufmerksam, dass ausser den meist in grosser Anzahl vorhandenen, sich an der Aussenhälfte der Hinterflügel findenden Häkchen noch andere, meist in geringer Zahl näher der Basis vor- handen sind ; letztere bezeichnet sie als „subbasal hooks," erstere dagegen als „distal hooks.'* Die Modifikationen in der Ordnung der Hinterflügel sind fol- gende: ]) der Costalnerv ist nahe an der Basis getheilt. a) Der obere Ast des Costalnerven verläuft wenigstens bis zur Mitte des Flügels am Kande (Vespariae, Scolia, Chlorion, Stizus, Gorytes, Astata, Thyn- nus). — b) Der obere Ast des Costalnerven marginal, aber vor der Mitte des Flügels aufhörend oder sehr dünn werdend (Ichneumonidae, Sphex, Pompiliis, l'epsis). — 2) Der Costalnerv ist nicht an der Basis getheilt, sondern einfach; auch nicht bis zur Mitte des Flügels mar- ginal, aber der Flügelrand über ihm verdickt (Apiariae, Formicariae, Dorylus, Trypoxylon, Mimesa, Pemphredon, Mellinus, Ccphus, Mutilla, Chalcis). — 3} Der Costalnerv nicht an der Basis getheilt, aber marginal ; bei der Mitte mit dem dahinter verlaufenden Nerven ver- bunden (Xiphydria, Sirex, Tenthredinidae). — Von den Haflhaken fanden sich die „distal hooks" an allen untersuchton Hymenopteren- Ilinterflügeln. Sie sind in der Zahl 6 (Ophion , Piinpla) bis zu 44 (Pompilus) und 49 (Xylocopa) vorhanden , variiren aber sehr inner- halb einer und derselben Gattung (z. B. bei Pompilus zwischen 21 und 44); bei den Blatt- und Holzwespen stehen sie öfter in dop- pelter oder dreifacher Reihe. (Die jedesmal vorkommende Anzahl dieser Haken wird für eine grosse Reihe von Gattungen und .Arten verschiedener Familien speciell angeführt). Die „subbasal hooks" kommen bei den Ichneumoniden, Sphegiden, Chrysiden, Pompiliden, Larriden, Crabroniden, Andreniden, Kyssoniden, Tenlhrediniden und Thynniden vor, fehlen dagegen bei den Apiarien, Vesparien, Eume- niden, Scoliiden, Doryliden, Mutilliden, Forniicnrien und Chaicididen; sie sind entweder an der Flügelbasis oder in der Mitte zwischen dieser und den „distal hooks" angebracht, meist kleiner und gerader als letztere, bald fein, bald kräftig. Bei den Ichneumoniden kommen meist nur 1 oder 2, seltener 4 oder 6 vor, bei den Pompiliden und Sphegiden meist mehr, oft 14 bis 23. Unter den Ichneumoniden werden besonders die Gattungen Ophion, Plmpla, Ephialtes, Paniscus, Hemiteles und Cryptus als mit Hallhaken an der Basis versehen be- zeichnet. (Ref. fand sie z. B. auch bei Trogus, während er sie bei mehreren Ophion-Aiton vergebens gesucht hat.) © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 390 Gerstaecker: Bericht über die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen Die Hymenopleren-Verzeiclinisse des British Museum sind im J. 1859 mit einem neuen, wie die früheren von F. Smith bearbeiteten, fortgesetzt worden: „Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the colleclion of the British Mu- seum. Part VII. „Dorylidae and Thynnidae." London 1859. 72 pag-. 3 pl.) — Verf. sieht die Doryliden und Thynniden als eigene Familien unter der Gruppe Heterogyna im älte- ren Sinne an, deren nächste Verwandte, die Formicinen und die Mutillarien er bereits früher, und zwar letztere unter den Sphegiden abgehandelt hatte. Ueber die Zweck- mässigkeit einer so isolirtcn Behandlung von zunächst ver- wandten Gruppen dürften sich offenbar Zweifel erheben lassen und zwar trotz der entgegenzusetzenden Ansicht, dass Cataloge nicht vorwiegend systematische Zwecke zu verfolgen haben; jedenfalls wären die Doryliden als wirk- liche Ameisen passender dem 6. Theile („Formicidae") an- geschlossen worden und die Thynniden, nachdem Klug ihre nahen Beziehungen zu Mutilla, Scolia u. s. w. nach- gewiesen hat, besser zu diesen gestellt. — Die Abfassung des vorliegenden Bandes schliesst sich genau an die der früheren an, indem die bekannten Arten nur mit Citat und Synonymie aufgeführt, die neuen charakterisirt werden; die Zahl der letzteren ist besonders bei den Thyniden an- sehnlich, neue Gattungen fehlen dagegen ganz. Eine Voll- ständigkeit in der Aufzählung der von früheren Autoren aufgestellten Arten hat der Verf. in diesem Bande so wenig wie in den bisherigen erreicht. Von den drei beifolgenden Tafeln sind zwei der Darstellung verschiedener Doryliden (u. a. auch der Darstellung des Flügelgeäders mehrerer Arten), die dritte den Thynniden gewidmet. F. Smith, Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects col- lected at Celebes by Mr. A.Wal lace (Journal of proceed. of Ihe Linnean soc, Zoology III. p. 4—27). Ein Verzeich- niss von etwa 100 auf Celebes gesammelten Hymenopteren aller Familien und der Mehrzahl nach neu; die bereits be- kannten Arten werden nur namentlich aufgeführt, die übri- gen beschrieben. Derselbe, Descriptions of newspecies of Hymeno- © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at im Gebiete der Entomologie während der Jahre 1859 u. 60. 391 pterous Insecls collected by Mr. A. VVallace al Celebes (ebenda V. p. 57—93). Beschreibungen von etwa 100 fer- neren neuen Arten, welche von Wallace bei Makassar auf Celebes gesammelt sind und ebenfalls fast sämmllichen Familien der Hymenopteren angehören. Derselbe, Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insccts col- lected by Mr. A. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key (ebenda III. p. 132— 178). Verzeichniss von etwa 150 Arten verschiedener Familien mit Beschreibung der darunter be- findlichen neuen, von den bei Neu-Guinea gelegenen Inseln Aru und Key. Die Zahl der neuen Arten überwiegt die der bekannten beträchtlich. Derselbe, Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects col- lected by Mr. A. Wal lace in the Islands ofBachian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo and al Dory in New-Guinea (ebenda V. p. 93— 143). Von den 191 auf den Molukken und Neu- Guinea gesammelten und hier verzeichneten Arten werden 132 als neu beschrieben; dieselben gehören den verschie- denen Familien mit Ausnahme der Proctotrypier, Chalcidier und Cynipiden an und stellen zum Theil sehr ausgezeichnete Formen dar. Verzeichniss der von Staudinger im J. 1856 auf Island gesammelten Hymenopteren, zusammengestellt von J. F. Ruthe (Entom. Zeitung 1859. p. 305 u. 362 ff.). — Dieses Verzeichniss weist im Ganzen 69 Isländische Arten auf, von denen eine (Bombus hortorum Hlig.) den Apia- rien, 25 den Ichneumoniden, 21 den Braconiden, 6 den Proclotrypiern, 5 den ChaIcidiern, 2 den Cynipiden und 6 den Tenthrediniden angehören. Die Zahl der als neu an- gesehenen und hier beschriebenen Arten beträgt 33. Fo erster hat seine im J. 1855 begonnene „Zweite Centurie neuer Hymenopteren" in den Verhandlungen des naturhistor. Vereins d. Preuss. Rheinlande XVI. p. 87—124 und XVII. p. 93—-153 fortgesetzt und beendigt. Die bei weitem grösste Anzahl der in derselben beschriebenen Arten gehört der Familie der Chalcidier und in dieser zum Thcil neuen Gattungen an; einzelne sind ferner aus © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 392 Gers In eck er: Bericht über die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen den Familien der Proctolrypier, Apiarien, Tenthrediniden und Ichneumoniden bekannt gemacht worden. F. Smith, Catalogue of British fossorial Hymeno- ptera, Formieidae and Vespidae in the colleclion of the Bri- tish Äluseum. London 1858. (8. 236 pag., 6 plates). — Verf. hat in diesem Calalog nach dem Vorbilde seiner im J. 1855 erschienen Bearbeitung der Englischen Apiarien jetzt auch eine Zusammenstellung der in England einheimischen For- micarien, Heterogynen, Crabroniten und Vesparien, welche gegen die im J. 1851 erschienene nicht nur durch eine Reihe von Arten vermehrt, sondern mit eingehenden Cha- rakteristiken sämmtlicher Gattungen und Arten versehen ist, geliefert. Da der Verf. gleichzeitig bei allen Gallungen ihre Lebensweise näher erörtert, auch neue hierüber von ihm selbst gemachte Beobachtungen beibringt, kann das Werkchen zugleich als ein recht zweckmässig und brauch-
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