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US-Iranian Relations Atlantic Council 11th Floor, 1101 15th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005 Address Services Requested U.S.-Iranian Relations: An Analytic Compendium of U.S. Policies, Laws, and Regulations U.S.-Iranian Relations: An Analytic Compendium of U.S. Policies, Laws, and Regulations The Atlantic Council is a non partisan organization that promotes constructive U.S. leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic community in meeting the global challenges of the 21st century. 1101 15th St. NW • 11th Floor • Washington, DC 20005 • 202-778-4950 • acus.org February 2011 The Atlantic Council’s Board of Directors The Atlantic Council promotes constructive U.S. leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic community in meeting the international challenges of the 21st century. The Council embodies a non-partisan network of leaders who aim to bring ideas to power and to give power to ideas by stimulating dialogue and discussion about critical international issues with a view to enriching public debate and promoting consensus on appropriate responses in the Administration, the Congress, the corporate and nonprofit sectors, and the media in the United States and among leaders in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. The Council is also among the few forums conducting educational and exchange programs for successor generations of U.S. leaders so that they will come to value U.S. international engagement and have the knowledge and understanding necessary to develop effective policies. Through its diverse networks, the Council builds broad constituencies to support constructive U.S. leadership and policies. Used different list for Feb 2011 Compendium Its program offices publish informational analyses, convene conferences among current and/or future leaders, and contribute to the public debate in order to integrate the views of knowledgeable individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds, 04-05-2011 - part of text PDF interests and experiences. A rapidly evolving and uncertain world – in which new challenges and threats can develop either suddenly or over time – demands a reevaluation of traditional security relationships and strategies. The Council’s Program on International Security examines U.S. relationships with allies and adversaries in an effort to build consensus around policies that contribute to a more stable, secure and well-governed world. U.S.-Iranian Relations: An Analytic Compendium of U.S. Policies, Laws, and Regulations February, 2011 Foreword U.S.-Iranian Relations: An Analytic Compendium of U.S. Policies, laws, and Regulations Adversarial relationships, such as those between the This analytic compendium was prepared by Dr. Katzman United States and Iran, are always subject to sudden in his personal capacity as a longtime expert on Iran. It change. In cases where this has occurred, adjusting to does not refl ect the views of the Congressional Research that change has always been more complicated than Service, where he is a Middle East expert, or of the Library anticipated. In the case of the United States and Iran, we of Congress or any Member of the U.S. Congress. must factor in the additional complication of three decades of estrangement that began with the November 4, 1979 This project is made possible by a grant from the seizure of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, and a subsequent United States Institute of Peace. The opinions, fi ndings, break in offi cial relations that continues today. Increasingly conclusions and recommendations expressed in this frequent offi cial contact concerning Iran’s nuclear program publication are those of the author and do not necessarily and its infl uence in Iraq and Afghanistan only increases refl ect the views of the United States Institute of Peace, the the urgency of considering the implications of a changed Atlantic Council or any others. relationship. Although the timing and conditions of a tipping point toward better U.S.-Iran relations cannot be foreseen, The Council also wants to thank Ken Katzman for his and although a worsening of those relations is also thorough research and insightful analysis. In addition, possible, it is nevertheless useful to think about how we we are grateful to Dick Nelson, the Project Director would proceed in a more positive direction. and to the Steering Group composed of Flynt Leverett, George Perkovich and Judith Yaphe for their important With that in mind, the Atlantic Council of the United States contributions to this effort. Magnus Nordenman helped edit in a project led by Dick Nelson and Kenneth Katzman and format the Compendium. provides here a crucial reference document of the policies, laws and regulations that currently govern U.S.-relations Frederick Kempe with Iran. This would be the starting point from which the President and CEO desired changes must proceed. It is part of an Atlantic Council series that deals with the process of reversing adversarial relationships once geopolitical conditions on both sides permit such changes. i Table .of .Contents Section .1 . .Overview . 1 Section .2 . .Major .Policy .Statements . .3 President Obama’s 2009 Nowruz Message . 3 President Obama’s Address at Cairo University, June 4, 2009 . 4 Statements by President Obama on the Iranian Presidential Election . 5 President Obama’s 2010 Nowruz Speech . 7 President Bush’s Nowruz Message in 2008 . 8 President Bush’s “Axis of Evil” State of the Union Message . 9 Memorandum Outlining “Grand Bargain” Between Iran and the United States . .10 Section .3 . .Terrorism-Related .Sanctions . ..13 State Department Report on Terrorism for 2009: Discussion of Iran . .13 Export Administration Act . .14 Arms Export Control Act . .23 Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 . .28 List of Iran-Related Foreign Terrorist Organizations . .34 Foreign Terrorist Organizations . 34 Executive Order 13224 (September 23, 2001) . .36 Major Iranian Entities Designated Under 13224 . .39 Executive Order 13438 of July 17, 2007 . .40 Entities Designated Under Executive Order 13438 as Threatening Iraqi Stability . .42 Section .4 . .International .Sanctions . 45 Excerpts of 2003 IAEA Report Outlining Iran’s Nuclear Program . .45 2004 “Paris Agreement” . .49 Iran-EU Agreement on Nuclear Programme . .50 UN Security Council Resolution 1737 . .51 UN Security Council Resolution 1747 . .55 UN Security Council Resolution 1803 . .60 UN Security Council Resolution 1929 . .63 Text of Resolution 1929 . ..64 Section .5 . .U .S . .Proliferation .Sanctions . .73 Executive Order 13382 of June 28, 2005 . .73 Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Energy Policy Act of 2005 . .79 Table of Contents (continued) Iran-Syria-North Korea Non-Proliferation Act (P.L. 106-178, March 14, 2000, as amended) . 81 Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992 . .87 Section .6 . Trade .and .Investment .Sanctions . .91 Trade and Investment Ban: Executive Order 12959 of May 6, 1995 and Executive Order 13059 of August 19, 1997 . 91 Major Treasury Department Regulations Implementing or Modifying the Trade Ban . .94 The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) - A Major “Secondary Sanction” . .102 The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (CISADA, P.L. 111-195) . 112 Section .7 . Banking .Sanctions . .127 Treasury Department Ban on Iranian Banks’ Access to U.S. Financial System . .127 Section 104 of CISADA (P.L. 111-195) . .128 Section .8 . Foreign .Assistance .Sanctions . .131 Foreign Assistance Act Restrictions on Aid to Iran (and Other State Sponsors of Terrorism) . .131 Withholding of United States Proportionate Share for Certain Programs of International Organizations . .132 Ban on Direct and Indirect Aid to Iran . .134 Secondary Sanction: Restriction on Aid to the Russian Federation for Assisting Iran . .134 Section .9 . Diplomatic .Interactions, .Exchanges, .and .Assets-Related .Issues . .137 Regulations Allowing People-To-People Contacts and Diplomatic Interaction . .137 Major Regulations Controlling the Dispostion of Iranian Assets Held in the United States . .144 Blocked Iranian Assets Held in the United States . .145 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002: Use of Iranian Assets to Pay Terrorism Judgments . .145 Section .10 . Human .Rights .and .Democracy .Promotion . ..
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