DOCSLIB.ORG

Modernizing the Public Space: Gender Identities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Modernizing the Public Space: Gender Identities MODERNIZING THE PUBLIC SPACE: GENDER IDENTITIES, MULTIPLE MODERNITIES, AND SPACE POLITICS IN TEHRAN A DISSERTATION IN Geosciences and Sociology Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by NAZGOL BAGHERI Bachelor of Architecture, 2004 Bachelor of Computer Science, 2006 Master of Urban Design, 2007 Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Kansas City, Missouri 2013 © 2013 NAZGOL BAGHERI ALL RIGHTS RESERVED MODERNIZING THE PUBLIC SPACE: GENDER IDENTITIES, MULTIPLE MODERNITIES, AND SPACE POLITICS IN TEHRAN Nazgol Bagheri, Candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2013 ABSTRACT After the Islamic Revolution of 1979 in Iran, surprisingly, the presence of Iranian women in public spaces dramatically increased. Despite this recent change in women’s presence in public spaces, Iranian women, like in many other Muslim-majority societies in the Middle East, are still invisible in Western scholarship, not because of their hijabs but because of the political difficulties of doing field research in Iran. This dissertation serves as a timely contribution to the limited post-revolutionary ethnographic studies on Iranian women. The goal, here, is not to challenge the mainly Western critics of modern and often privatized public spaces, but instead, is to enrich the existing theories through including experiences of a more diverse group. Focusing on the women’s experience, preferences, and use of public spaces in Tehran through participant observation and interviews, photography, architectural sketching as well as GIS spatial analysis, I have painted a picture of the complicated relationship between the architecture styles, the gendering of spatial boundaries, and the contingent nature of public spaces that goes beyond the simple dichotomy of female- male, private-public, and modern-traditional. iii Following the feminist approaches and based on my unique status as an Iranian woman and researcher, I critically examined the now classical position regarding the role of public spheres and modern spaces in building democratic societies. Part of the critique is that ideals of equality can exist alongside practices of exclusion and repression. These boundaries of exclusion are often gendered. The central theme of this study is to demonstrate that abstract analytical tools and methods merely replicate binary distinctions and mask the fact that public/private and modern/traditional do not map in simple ways with respect to gender. Meidan-e-Tajrish, Sabz-e-Meidan, and Marvi Meidancheh in Tehran accommodate a visualization of gendered space. The process by which Iranian women attach symbolic meanings to those public spaces offers ethnographic insight into the mutual construction of gender identities and public spaces. The contrasting urban locations, different design styles, and distinct social activities of the selected case studies provide a useful comparison between what appear to be distinctly modern or traditional. In what urban planners call modern spaces, Iranian women feel a greater sense of self, more freedom, and a sense of equality with men. While traditional spaces are male dominated, those places help users relate to their cultural identity, evoking a feeling of nostalgia. These places connect them to their past, just as modern spaces connect them to their future. This moving back and forth along with the social construction of public spaces that occurs in between highlight the two-sided relationship between structures and agencies in social processes and the process that each society creates its own space. Findings suggest we use caution in presuming gender as an essential category. Binary categorization of modern/tradition and public/private in urban studies should be carefully validated as such categorizations often vary across space and time boundaries. iv The faculty listed below, appointed by the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies, have examined a dissertation titled “Modernizing the Public Space: Gender Identities, Multiple Modernities, and Space Politics in Tehran”, presented by Nazgol Bagheri, candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Supervisory Committee Steven L. Driever, Ph.D., Committee Chair and Research Advisor Department of Geosciences Shannon Jackson, Ph.D. Department of Sociology and Anthropology Wei Ji, Ph.D. Department of Geosciences Jejung Lee, Ph.D. Department of Geosciences Douglas Bowles, Ph.D. Social Science Consortium v CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ................................................................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 Dissertation Goals ........................................................................................... 4 Dissertation Structure ..................................................................................... 5 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................... 10 Envisioning Democratic Public Spaces ......................................................... 12 Defining ‘Public’ Space .................................................................... 12 Ambiguities/Dimensions of Public Space ......................................... 16 Changing Nature of Public Space ...................................................... 29 A Public Space Model ....................................................................... 31 Places of Public Gathering in Iran ..................................................... 32 Multiple Modernities and Modern Urban Planning ....................................... 38 Multiple Modernities and Islam ......................................................... 40 Modern Urban Planning Practices ..................................................... 42 Rapid Modernization in Early Twentieth-Century Tehran ................ 45 Mutual Construction of Gender Identities and Public Spaces ....................... 48 Gendering the Spaces of Modernity: Gender and Space ................... 48 Feminist Approaches in Geography ................................................... 56 vi Research Objectives ....................................................................................... 59 3. METHODS: GEO-ETHNOGRAPHY OF PUBLIC SAPCES.................................. 63 Field Study .................................................................................................... 63 GIS Spatial Visualization and Analysis ......................................................... 69 Geo-Ethnography of Meidans in Tehran ....................................................... 72 4. RESEARCH SETTINGS ........................................................................................... 79 A geographical history of Tehran .................................................................. 79 Bala Shahr and Paeen Shahr ........................................................................ 103 Meidan-e-Tajrish.......................................................................................... 107 Sabz-e-Meidan and Marvi Meidancheh ....................................................... 111 5. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS .................................................................... 116 Situating the Data ......................................................................................... 117 What Maps Tell and Do Not Tell ................................................................ 124 Women’s Narrative: Moving Beyond Boundaries in Everyday Life .......... 140 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 152 APPENDIX A. Interview Guidelines ................................................................................................ 157 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 159 VITA .................................................................................................................................... 176 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 2-1: Models of Public Space (source: Montgomery, 1998) ................................................... 17 2-2: Modern vs. Traditional Squares (Source: Krier, 1990, also cited in Carmona et al, 2003:71) ................................................................................................................................. 19 2-3: Three types of activities in public spaces (categorized by Gehl, 1971) ......................... 22 2-4: Different dimensions of human experience in bazaars ................................................... 28 2-5: A Model of Public Space ................................................................................................ 32 3-1: Mixed-methods Approach: Combining Different Layers of Data ................................ 73 4-1: Tehran with the Alborz Mountains in the background ..................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manifestation of Modernity in Iranian Public Squares: Baharestan Square (1826–1978)
    Asma Mehan, Int. J. of Herit. Archit., Vol. 1, No. 3 (2017) 411–420 MANIFESTATION OF MODERNITY IN IRANIAN PUBLIC SQUARES: BAHARESTAN SQUARE (1826–1978) ASMA MEHAN Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico Di Torino, Italy. ABSTRACT The concept of public square has changed significantly in Iran in recent centuries. This research inves- tigated how modernity is manifested in the public squares of Tehran. In this regard, Tehran has been chosen as the main concern, while in its short history as the capital of Iran, the city has been critically transformed: first because of constant urban development during the Qajar Dynasty and then due to its rapid growth during the late Pahavi era and second because of the culture of rapid renovation and reconstruction in contemporary public spaces. Considering these facts, the urban transformation of Baharestan Square as one of the most influencing public squares of Tehran in the recent century leads us to understand the process of Iranian modernization, which is totally different from common patterns of western modernity. Analysing the historical changes of Baharestan Square based on manuscripts, western travellers’ diaries, historical images and maps, from its formation till the Islamic Revolution (1978), shows how the traditional elements of the square as well as its form and function have been totally transformed. Analysing the spatial qualities of Baharestan Square clarifies that its special loca- tion near the first Iranian Parliament building, Sepahsalar Mosque and Negarestan Garden represents it as the first modern focal point in Iranian’s political and social life. Keywords: Baharestan Square, Iranian modernity, public square, Tehran.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Embassies and Consulates in Tehran
    EU Embassies and Consulates in Tehran Austrian Embassy in Tehran, Iran Embassy of Austria in Tehran, Iran Bahonarstr., Moghaddasistr., Zamanistr Mirvali 11, Teheran City: Tehran Phone: (+98/21) 22 75 00-38 (+98/21) 22 75 00-40 (+98/21) 22 75 00-42 Fax: (+98/21) 22 70 52 62 Website: http://www.bmeia.gv.at/teheran Email: [email protected] Belgian Embassy in Tehran, Iran Embassy of Belgium in Tehran, Iran Elahieh - 155-157 Shahid Fayyazi Avenue (Fereshteh) 16778 Teheran City: Tehran Phone: + (98) (21) 22 04 16 17 Fax: + (98) (21) 22 04 46 08 Website: http://www.diplomatie.be/tehran Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Sunday through Thursday 8.30 to 12.30 and 13.00 to 14.00 For visa applications & legalizations : Sunday through Tuesday from 8.30 to 11.30 AM Bulgarian Embassy in Tehran, Iran Bulgarian Embassy in Tehran, Iran IR Iran, Tehran, 'Vali-e Asr' Ave. 'Tavanir' Str., 'Nezami-ye Ganjavi' Str. No. 16-18 City: Tehran Phone: (009821) 8877-5662 (009821) 8877-5037 Fax: (009821) 8877-9680 Email: [email protected] Croatian Embassy in Tehran, Iran Embassy of the Republic of Croatia in Tehran, Iran 1. Behestan 25 Avia Pasdaran Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran City: Tehran Phone: 0098 21 258 9923 0098 21 258 7039 Fax: 0098 21 254 9199 Email: [email protected] Details: Covers the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Details: Ambassador: William Carbó Ricardo Cypriot Embassy in Tehran, Iran Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Tehran, Iran 328, Shahid Karimi (ex.
    [Show full text]
  • Name of Company Abadan Petrochemical Co. Afra Shimi Yazd
    Name of Company 1 Abadan Petrochemical Co. 2 Afra Shimi Yazd Co. 3 Afzoon Ravan Co. 4 Akam Bitumen Co. 5 Alborz Chelic Iran Co. 6 Alborz Palayesh Eshtehard Co. 7 Alborz Rouzbehan Invesment 8 Ali Mohammad Jabarouti Trading 9 Ali Pardazan Atiye Co. 10 Ali Reza Zarenejad Trading 11 Alvan Sadegh Toos Co. 12 Apadana Petro Bazargan Co. 13 Aram Oil Co. 14 Arash Mahya Paraffin Manufacturing Co. 15 Araz Shimi Jolfa Co. 16 Aria Jam Oil Industries CO 17 Aria Sanat Behineh Co. 18 Arian Atlas Motor Oil Co. 19 Arkan Gas Co. 20 Armities Persia Co. 21 Arvand Shimi Sorour Co. 22 Aryaparaffin Co. 23 Asia Motor Oil Co. 24 Asia Zamen Kar Co. 25 Asiagilsonite Co. 26 Atlas Fam Sahand Paint Co. 27 Atra Crown Energy Co. 28 Ayegh Isfahan Co. 29 Azar Davam Yol Co. 30 Azar Ravan Saz Co. 31 Azaran Plast Afra Co. 32 Azarbayjan Eram Chemisry Co. 33 Baharan Shimi Boroujen Co. 34 Bana Gostar Karane Co. 35 Bayat Shahriar Chemical Industry 36 Behran Oil Co. 37 Behravan Kimia Novin Isatis Co. 38 Behravan Lorestan Co. 39 Behravan Shimi Rad Co. 40 Behtaran Shimi Rad Co. 41 Behtaz Shimi Co. 42 Binas Energy Co. 43 Blij Oil Co. 44 Bonyan Toseeh Rastin Co. 45 Butanerun Co. 46 Cabrogroup Co. 47 Carbon Tech Co. 48 Chemi Dor Salaf Co. 49 Corus Energy Co. 50 Crop Iran Co. 51 Damavand Motor Oil Co. 52 Dejpa Co. 53 Delta Shimi Co. 54 Deltafarayand Co. 55 Dena Esteghlal Co. 56 Dena Shimi Mehr Co. 57 Derakhsh Sign Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Architecture Faculty of Art and Architecture Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran [email protected] Cell: +98 912 214 2250 Tel: +98 21 8288 3739 Fax: +98 21 88008090 Personal Details Name: Mohammadjavad Surname: Mahdavinejad Scopus Author ID: 53164158600 h-index=13 Affiliation 2008 Assistant Professor, TMU (Tarbiat Modares University), Tehran, Iran. 2013 Associate Professor, TMU (Tarbiat Modares University), Tehran, Iran. 2020 Professor, TMU (Tarbiat Modares University), Tehran, Iran University Education 1996 Diploma, 1996, Exceptional Talented School, Iran. 2003 M.A. in Architecture, 2003, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2007 Ph.D. in Architecture, 2007, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Honours and Honorific 2009 Honoured for Gifted Research -"Description of Principles of Identity in Islamic Architecture; Explanation of Identity in Islamic Architecture with Particular Reference to the Meaning of Taarof in Quranic Culture", National Institution of Elites, 28 & 29 Oct 2009, Tehran: The Islamic Republic of Iran International Conference Center 2010 "The Most Cited scientist of Iran in era of Art and Architecture", based on citations to articles in scientific journals and research of the country, The Institute of Avant- garde scientists of Iran 2010 "The Book-friend Citizen", The First Festival on Reading Development in the City of Tehran, Culture and Art Organization of Tehran Municipality, 7 Dec. 2010, Tehran: Arasbaran Conference Hall 2011 "The Devoted Architects to Islamic Architecture" – “Khadem-E-Masjid”, Deputy of Architecture and Urbanism of Tehran Municipality, 19 & 20 Apr. 2011, Tehran: Milad Tower Conference Halls 2011 "The Season Book of Islamic Republic of Iran – winter 2011", As the Author of "Urban Regeneration of Heritage of Future", June 21, 2011, Culture, Art & Architecture Research Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Tectonics of Tehran Area, Iran
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(4)3805-3819, 2012 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2012, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Active Tectonics of Tehran Area, Iran Mehran Arian1 *, Nooshin Bagha2 1Associate professor, Department of Geology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Ph.D.Student, Department of Geology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT Tehran area (with 2398.5 km2 area) extended from the east of Damavand volcano to the west of Karaj city. This area is a major part of Tehran province and according to geologic division is a minor part of Alborz zone. This area is under compressive stress and shortening that caused by Arabia – Eurasia Convergence. This situation has confirmed by dominant existence of folded structures and thrust fault system. We have investigated geologic hazards of Tehran area, because this area is the most strategic part of Iran. The major faults have been investigated and have not been found any evidences to existence of north and south Rey faults. In the other hand, active tectonic of this area has been investigated and Mosha fault has been introduced as the most active fault. The high seismic potential has been distinguished by integration of structural geology and active tectonic studies. The evaluation of movement potential of the main faults in the current tectonic regime shows the North Tehran fault has % 90 potential to movement. In addition the hazard potentials of landslides, settlements, volcanism and dams have been introduced. Finally, geologic hazard map has been prepared and has been divided to10 zones with one to four ranking of risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Optimal Algorithm to Locate the Best Place for Earthquake Refugee Camps: a Case Study for Tehran, Iran
    Positioning, 2014, 5, 97-106 Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/pos http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pos.2014.54012 Determining the Optimal Algorithm to Locate the Best Place for Earthquake Refugee Camps: A Case Study for Tehran, Iran Javad Sadidi1, Reyhaneh Saeedi2*, Aliasghar Torahi3, Parviz Zeaiean Firuzabadi1 1Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography, Kaharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 2Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 3Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected], *[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 25 September 2014; revised 14 October 2014; accepted 13 November 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Iran is one of the regions which are most prone for earthquakes annually having a large number of financial and mortality and financial losses. Every year around the world, a large number of people lose their home and life due to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. It is necessary to provide and specify some suitable places for settling the homeless people before occurrence of the earthquake, one of the most important factors in crisis planning and management. GIS has a vital role in crisis management. By using GIS, it would be possible to manage the spatial data and reach several goals by making use of the analyses existing in it. Among the applications of GIS in crisis manage- ment there is location of suitable and safe place for settling the injured people after the occurrence of the earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 63/Wednesday, April 1, 2020/Notices
    18334 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 63 / Wednesday, April 1, 2020 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY a.k.a. CHAGHAZARDY, MohammadKazem); Subject to Secondary Sanctions; Gender DOB 21 Jan 1962; nationality Iran; Additional Male; Passport D9016371 (Iran) (individual) Office of Foreign Assets Control Sanctions Information—Subject to Secondary [IRAN]. Sanctions; Gender Male (individual) Identified as meeting the definition of the Notice of OFAC Sanctions Actions [NPWMD] [IFSR] (Linked To: BANK SEPAH). term Government of Iran as set forth in Designated pursuant to section 1(a)(iv) of section 7(d) of E.O. 13599 and section AGENCY: Office of Foreign Assets E.O. 13382 for acting or purporting to act for 560.304 of the ITSR, 31 CFR part 560. Control, Treasury. or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, BANK 11. SAEEDI, Mohammed; DOB 22 Nov ACTION: Notice. SEPAH, a person whose property and 1962; Additional Sanctions Information— interests in property are blocked pursuant to Subject to Secondary Sanctions; Gender SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of the E.O. 13382. Male; Passport W40899252 (Iran) (individual) Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets 3. KHALILI, Jamshid; DOB 23 Sep 1957; [IRAN]. Control (OFAC) is publishing the names Additional Sanctions Information—Subject Identified as meeting the definition of the of one or more persons that have been to Secondary Sanctions; Gender Male; term Government of Iran as set forth in Passport Y28308325 (Iran) (individual) section 7(d) of E.O. 13599 and section placed on OFAC’s Specially Designated [IRAN]. 560.304 of the ITSR, 31 CFR part 560. Nationals and Blocked Persons List Identified as meeting the definition of the 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Tesi Book.Indb
    LA CASA CHE MI CONTIENE POLITECNICO DI MILANO SCHOOL OF URBAN ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING POLO TERRITORIALE DI MANTOVA TESI DI LAURATHE HOUSE MAGISTRALE THAT CONTAINS ME URBAN RESIDENCE PROJECT IN THE DENSE FABRIC OF THE CITY OF TEHRAN SUPERVISORE: PROF. BARBARA BOGONI STUDENT: SHIVA SEYEDYHA LAVIZANI M. 822572 ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 INDEX PAG. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: THE HOUSE THAT CONTAINS ME 10 CHAPTER 1: TEHRAN 12 1.1 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS 12 1.2 TERRITORIAL CHARACTERS 13 1.3 HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CITY 25 CHAPTER 2: THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM 35 2.1 QUALITY OF LIVING IN THE CAPITAL 35 2.2 ACCESSIBILITY TO SERVICES 37 2.3 QUALITY OF SOCIAL TISSUE 44 CHAPTER 3: THE IRANIAN MARKET FOR BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION 48 3.1 THE BUILDING INDUSTRY 48 3.2 POPULAR AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDING 49 3.3 HOTEL RECEPTION STRUCTURE 49 3.4 WORKS OF ANTI-SEISMIC ADJUSTMENT OF THE BUILDING HERITAGE 50 3.5 CONSTRUCTION FOR PUBLIC SERVICES AND INDUSTRIALIZED CONSTRUCTION 50 3.6 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING 50 3.7 OFFICES 51 3.8 MATERIALS FOR BUILDING AND INTERIOR FURNISHINGS 51 CHAPTER 4: THE DISTRICT 4 53 4.1 GEOGRAPHICAL AND NATURALISTIC FEATURES 53 4.2 CRITICAL ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITY 55 4.3 MARKET SURVEY 56 4.4 LIVING IN TEHRAN 57 CHAPTER 5: URBAN RESIDENCE PROJECT IN THE DENSE FABRIC OF THE CITY OF TEHRAN 62 5.1 THE STATE OF FACT 62 5.2 REFERENCES 73 5.3 PROJECT PROPOSAL 88 BIBLIOGRAPHY ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Il campo d’interesse della ricerca è stato l’attuale processo della progettazione e la conoscenza dell’abitare nella città di Tehran, in cui sembra che stia portando la città a ricrearsi e ripensarsi grazie alla presa di coscienza delle differenze esi- stenti, rispetto al passato, nei nuovi processi di trasformazione nei quali la città è intesa sia come spazio costruito ma anche sociale.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeless Tehran the Cultural Journey
    CLASSIC TRAVELLER | IRAN CLASSIC TIMELESS TEHRAN THE CULTURAL JOURNEY THE CLASSIC TRAVELLER THE CLASSIC CULTURAL EDITION 2017 | 1 COVER SHOT: TABIAT BRIDGE IMAGES SHOT BY DANIELLE HARTE WITH CANON EOS 1D X MARK II Club World the smart way to travel Business Welcome to our Club World business class cabin where style and service go hand in hand and where time is your own to relax, work or sleep as you choose on our spacious seat that converts to a fully flat bed. Visit ba.com 2 | CLASSIC MAGAZINE BWT6478_AUS_Classic_470x320.indd 2 01/11/2016 15:44 CLASSIC TRAVELLER | IRAN Club World the smart way to travel Business Welcome to our Club World business class cabin where style and service go hand in hand and where time is your own to relax, work or sleep as you choose on our spacious seat that converts to a fully flat bed. Visit ba.com THE CLASSIC CULTURAL EDITION 2017 | 3 BWT6478_AUS_Classic_470x320.indd 2 01/11/2016 15:44 T E HTimeless R A N 4 | CLASSIC MAGAZINE CLASSIC TRAVELLER | IRAN Timeless DANIELLE AND PHIL HARTE anielle and I were privileged to be invited to visit Tehran in February of this year and to say that our trip was life-changing would be a gross D understatement. As it was our first trip to Iran, we were completely unprepared for what was to unfold. We arrived on board one of the first British Airways flights to Tehran, with the flight attendants as excited as we were—for many, this was also their first visit to Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining 10 Warning Signs of Iran Nuclear Weapons Development
    International Committee In Search of Justice (ISJ) President: Dr. Alejo Vidal-Quadras Rue d’Arlon 63, B-1040 Brussels Belgium Tel : +32 2 400 1071 [email protected] www.isjcommittee.com EXAMINING 10 WARNING SIGNS OF IRAN NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT NOVEMBER 20,2014 Dr. Alejo Vidal Quadras, Former Vice‐President of European Parliament, Professor of Atomic and Nuclear Physics: “An objective, thoroughly researched report on the core issue of the nature of Iranian nuclear program and its status”. Bob Jospeh, Former US Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, Senior White House Security Council staff on weapons of mass destruction: “A critically important report at a critically important time”. John Bolton, former US Ambassador to the UN, former Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security: "A timely and well document report with alarming findings on Iran's nuclear program." Contents Executive summary Chapter 1: SPND (organ in charge of weaponization) Chapter 2: Procurement of dual purpose equipment and its possible use for military dimensions of nuclear program Chapter 3: Secret enrichment of uranium Chapter 4: Enrichment using laser technology Chapter 5: High explosives tests and trigger mechanism Chapter 6: Neutron initiator Chapter 7: Manufacturing uranium metal (uranium hemisphere) Chapter 8: Hydro-dynamic tests and explosion vessels at Parchin site Chapter 9: Research on nuclear warhead Chapter 10: Key scientists and researchers engaged in possible military dimensions of nuclear program International Committee In Search of Justice (ISJ) was initially formed in 2008 as an informal group of EU parliamentarians to seek justice for the Iranian democratic opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Oman Embarks on New Yemen Diplomacy
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 43rd year No.13960 Monday JUNE 7, 2021 Khordad 17, 1400 Shawwal 26, 1442 Qatar calls for dialogue I know Bahrain like Tehran, Seoul expected Iran’s “Statue” tops at between Iran and back of my hand: to resume trade within VAFI & RAFI animation Arab neighbors Page 3 Dragan Skocic Page 3 3 months Page 4 festival Page 8 Candidates face each other in first televised debate Oman embarks on new TEHRAN – The first televised debates Some analysts said the debates had no among seven presidential candidates were clear winner and that candidates mostly held on Saturday afternoon. trade accusations against each other rather The hot debates took place between five than elaborate on their plans. principlist candidates - especially Saeed Hemmati was claiming that most can- See page 3 Jalili, Alireza Zakani, and Mohsen Rezaei didates were making attacks against him - with Nasser Hemmati. which was not fair. Yemen diplomacy The main contention was over an ap- A presidential candidate, Nasser Imani, proval of FATF and skyrocketing prices, said the days left to the election day are which most candidates held the central important. bank responsible for. Continued on page 2 Iran, EAEU soon to begin talks over establishing free trade zone TEHRAN - Iran and the Eurasian Economic tee, on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg Union (EAEU) are set to begin negotiations International Economic Forum. on a full-fledged joint free trade zone in “The EAEU made the appropriate de- the near future, the press service of the cisions regarding the launch of the nego- Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) tiations in December 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]