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WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, No. 3, 21 JANUARY 1994 • RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, N* 3,21 JANVIER 1994 Infected areas as at 20 January 1994 Zones infectées au 20 janvier 1994 For aitena used in compiling dus list, see bdow Les critères appliqués pour U compilation de cette liste sont publiés o-dessous X - Newly reported areas X - Nouvelles zones «g™1*»» • Peru* Pérou Djibouti Togo Sucre Department Pfogus Peste Cajamarca Department Golfe Distria To&ma Department Ghana Kioto Disma Valle Department Africa «Afrique - Chata Provmce AccraRegum T lama pktprt Kazah Disma Madagascar Accra D um a Costa Rica Miracosta Disma Greater Accra Distna Lacs Distria Lunon Province Antananarivo Protnnee Ogou Distna Ambchtdratrtmo S Préf Tocmocbe Distria Ashanti Region Sa n José Promnee San M iguel Province Central Segwn Sotouboua Distna Antananartvo-Avaradrano S. Préf Nanchoc Distna Vo Distna R rm u ln p • PjpatM M » Ambatolampy S. Préf Upper E ast Region Azuay Provmce San Gregono Distna Vota Region Yoto Distna Argozorobe S. Préf. San Miguel Distria Bohuar Prouace Antananarivo S. Pré/. iTyoïwiq i Ouganda Cahar Province San Pablo Provmce Guinea • Guinée Kasese Disma Antananarivo District Conakry Province Carcht Provmce Ataomfoisy S. Pref San Louis Distna Ptura Department Forécanab Préfecture Zaire * Zaïre Cfmnborazo Promue Antsirabe IS Préf. H aut Zaïre P rom ue Cotopaxi Provmce Antnrabe U S. Pref. Ayabaca Provmce Kenya Canales Distna Ktvu Promue El Oro Province ! Ambodiala District (Area not specified - Zone non Shaba Promue Esmeraidas Provmce Ambohitsimanova District T agiinm i DlSttia précisée) Montera Distna Galapagos Promue Ampasatanety District Zambia * Zambie Guayas Province Pamiftte rhctTtrr liberia • Libéria Central Promue Manandona D um a Bong County Imbabura Promue Soanindranny Distna SapîQîca Distria Tjicalra Suyo Distna Mnntscraado County Copperbek Prom ue Lsrja P rom ue Tsarofar District Los Rus Promue Vînaninlfgn»n!i DlStllCt Huancabamba Provmce Malawi Eastern Provmce Manabt Provmce Anvommamo S. Préf C. de laFtomera Distna Central Region Luapula Provmce Morona P rom ue Betafo S . Préf. Canchaque Distna Lilongwe Distria Northern Proteau Himlralwinlia DlStTia Southern Région Southern Promue Napo Province Alakamisy-Anauvato D u tn c t Pasiaza Provmce Fanantbnana S. P réf Ptura Promue Las Lomas Distna Mali Zimbabwe Pichmcha Promue Faratsiho S. Préf. Kayes Région Manjakanànana S. Préf M anscaîand Provmce Sucumbtos Provmce Asia • Aâe Kayes Cercle M ashonaland Central Tungurahua Promue MtarinanvoS. Préf. Kouhkem Région Analavoxy District Vict Nam Mashonaland East Zamora-Chmcktpe Provmce Nara Cercle Mashonaland West Provmce Aaosibe Ifanja Dismet Gta-Lax-Câng Tum Provmce p i Salvador Reœoohtua $, Préf. Lâm Dông Provmce Mauritania * Mauritanie Masvmgo Promue Central Région Midlands Promue Soavaumdriana S. Préf P hùK hàn Prom ue Nouakchott Distria Metropolitan Region Ambatoasana Centre l n Région Occidental Region Tstroanomandufy S Préf Hodh cl Chargui America «Amérique Choiera • Choléra Argentina • Argentine Oriental Regun A n tsm u a n a Protnnee 2* Région J u ju y Province Paracentral Region Anàapa S Préf Africa «Afrique Hodh d Gharbi Doany Démet 3* Région Mendoza. Promnee French Angola Salta Promue Fuataranaoa Provmce Bengo Provmce Assaba et Guidimalcha Guyane française Tueuman Provmce Baiguda Provmce 4* Régum Guatemala AmhfMiHmnnEnrra District Huambo Provmce Gorgol Belize Alta Verapaz Department Andrefambohicra District H uüa provm ce S* Région. Coyo Dtstna Baja Verapaz Department Bevonotany District Kuando-Kubango Provmu Brakna Toledo Distnct Cfnmatenango Department Soaruherenana District KuneneProvmce. 6* Région Bolivia « Bolivie Chupamula Department Ambohanahaioa S. Préf Kaanza-Norte Province Tratza El Progreso Department M an an d m v Distnct Bens Department K xuanzaSul Provmce Mozambique Chuqtasaea Department Esaanda Department Ambostara S. Préf Luanda Provmce Guatemala Department Ambatomanna District X Cabo Delgado P rom ue Cochabamba Department Luanda, Cap. Maputo Promue E l Aho Department Huekuetenango Department Amhnhimaham DlStOCt M alanga Prom ue Izabal Department Ambovombe Centre Maputo City L a P a z Department Nanabe Provmce X Nantpuia Promue Oruro Department Jalapa Department Andina District Junapa Department Urge Provmce Sofia Province Potost Department Anjoma N’Ankona Distnct Zasa Pravmçe Peièn Department Anjomà Navona Dismet Bern City Riberalia Department R»nin • Rôiwm Santa Cruz Department Quetzahenango Department Ankazoambo Dismet Chemba Distna Quuhé Department Departement de PAtlanaque Gorongosa Distria Tar^a Department Ivato Dismet RetaDudeu Department Ivony District S. Préf. d’Allada Zambezia Promue Tuptza Department C irr Je f^nrnnnu Mocuba Disma Sacatepéquez Department Talaia-Yohimcna District Brazil • Brésil San Marcos Department S. Nicoadab Distna Tsarasaotra Dismet Préf. de Tofîo Acre State Santa Rosa Department Département de l’Atacora Qudimanc Distna Fandnana S. Préf Alagoas State Soldé Department Département de Borgou Fiadanana District Niger Amapà State Suchuepequez Department Fvmarontsoa IS . Préf. Departement de Mono Dtffa Département Amazonas State Totonuapan Department Mahatsujo District Département de Zou Dasso Département Bahut State Zacapa Department Fianannaoall S Préf Burkina Faao Maradt Département Çearâ State AfidflKarannmaiTMi DlStOCt Beulgou Provmce Niamey Département D istrito Federal State Guyana Region I (Barma/Watm) Finnaramma n Distna Tahoua Département pyAfflj.Ciwip .ftaw ManadriamS. Préf. Burundi Tiüabéry Département Maranbào State Repon II (Ponuroon/Supenaam) Mahetjanga Province Bubanza Provmce Zinder Département M oto Grosso State Honduras Toamasma Province BllbanZa AtwinARUHnwir Cibitoke Arrondissement Nigeria • Nigeria M m as G am s State Camayagua Stafe Momnanga S. Préf Para State Choluuca Department Bujumbura Provmce Xtfuji Tanzania} United Rep. of Bujumbura Aimmii«wM>»ir Akua Ibom State Parasba State Cortes Department Parana State Tanzanie} Rép.*Unic de Burun Province Anambra State El Paraiso Department Tanga Région Pernambuco Francisco Morazan Department Lusboto District Makamba Arrondissement B a u c h State Rumonge Arrondissement B endà State Pious State Omoa State Tanga District R u de Janeiro State Santa Barbara department Gitega Proumce Benue State Uganda ■ Ouganda Gitcga ArTondissemenl Borna State Rio Grande do None State - VdOe Department Western Region Gongola State Randoms State Yoro Department Cameroon » Cameroun Sao Paulo t w Nebbi Disma Im o State Mexico • Mexique Promue de l’Extrême-Nord Sergtpe Sta te Zaire • Zaire Diamare Département Kaduna Campeche State Haut Zaire Provmce Kano State Cbflc • Chili Chapas State Logonc-ct-Chan Departement Antofagasta Promue lüeri Sub-Regum Mayo-Danai Département Katstna State Chihuahua State Mahagi Administrative Zone Mayo-Sava Département Ksoaia State Bernardo Q‘Higgins Province Cohma State Lagos State Coquimbo Ptoomce Dutnto federal America • Amérique Mayo-Tsan^ga Departement Agger .Sans Los Lagos P rom ue fjft/pmyiptn Promue Littoral Ûsomo Bolivia - Bolivie Moungo Département Q gm State Guerrero State La Paz Department Wouri Département Ondo State Santiago Provmce Hidalgo Stale Franz Tamayo Province P rom ue du N ord Oyo State Torapaca Protnnee Jalisco State Sud Yungas Province Bcnoué Département Plateau f-ftiomiiia • Colombie Mexico State VaUe Grande Province Promue de POuest Rivers State Amazonas Department Muhoacan State Haut Nkam Département SokotoState Anyoquia Department Manias State Brazil • Brésil Neuvo Leon State B a lm State Mlfi nqiprfiny»nr Rwanda Aûantfce Department Proumce du S u d Cyangugu Préfecture pfAtutw Pgpofffqfft Oaxaca State Bimmga Muniapio Puebla Statm Candeal Mumapio Océan Département GisenyrPtéfeaure Bayaça Department c*hhtt Department Qjurétaro State Cemral Mumapio Promue du Sud-Ouest Sao Tome and Principe Manyu Département Caqueta Intendency Qjumtana Roo State Conceiçâo Mumapio Sfto Tomé-ct-Principc San Lias Potass State Fora de Santana Mumapio Même Département Cauca Department Lemba Distna Cesar Departsnen: Sonora State Twtjnara MlZUCgUO Chad «Tchad SloTomé Tabasco State Irecê Mumapio Cboeo Department Batha Préfecture Swaziland Cordoba Department Tamauhpas State Itaberaba Mumapio B a Préfecture (Area not specified - Zone non Cundutamarco Department Tlaxcala Jussara Mumapio Bibine Préfecture Reprol India Mumapio précisée) Guajùa Department Veracruz State ChanBagumm Préfecture Huüa Department Yucatan State Biarhflo do Jacuipe Municipio Guera Préfecture Tanzania, United Rep. of 7yrr]tfc/l Krptf Senbor do Bonfim Mumapio Tanzanie, Rép.-Unie de Magdalena Department Kanem Préfecture Meta Department Semnha Muniapio Lac Préfecture Arusha Région Nicaragua Tcafihodis Mumapio D ar es Salaam Region Nanno Department Boaco Department Logone Occidental Préfecture Noue de Santander Department Parmba State Lfigone Oriental Préfecture Bala Distria Caraza Department Araba Mumcipio Kmondom Distna Puntumoyo Department Chnandega Department N jam ena Préfecture Q um du Department Barra d e S. Rosa Mumapio Ouaddaï Préfecture KStmanjaro Region Chontales Department Rùaralda Department Esuh Department Cuban Mumapio TandjtU Préfecture M ara Regum Obvedos Mumapio Mnoara Region San Andres Intendency Granada Department Qneimadaa Mumapio Côte d'ivoire Ruktoa Region San José del Guavtare Department ftnotega Department Rcmigio Mumnpio Département de l’Ouest Tanga Region i Santa Fe de Bogota Department Léon Department Solânea Mumapio Mon Sous-Préfecture Santander Department Madnz Department 1< WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
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    SOIL EROSION AND CONSERVATION AS AFFECTED BY LAND USE AND LAND TENURE, EL PITAL WATERSHED, NICARAGUA A Thesis by MATILDE DE LOS ANGELES SOMARRIBA-CHANG Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1997 Major Subject: Rangeland Ecology and Management SOIL EROSION AND CONSERVATION AS AFFECTED BY LAND USE AND LAND TENURE) EL PITAL WATERSHED, NICARAGUA A Thesis by MATILDE DE LOS ANGELES SOMARRIBA-CHANG Submitted to Texas A& M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Thomas L. Thurow Robert C. M gg' (Chair of Committee) (Member) James E. Christiansen Douglas Loh Robert E. Whitsun (Head of Department) December 1997 Major Subject: Rangeland Ecology and Management ABSTRACT Soil Erosion and Conservation as Affected by Land Use and Land Tenure, El Pital Watershed, Nicaragua. (December 1997) Matilde de los Angeles Somarriba-Chang, B.S. , National Agrarian University, Nicaragua Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Thomas L. Thurow Erosion by water is a serious problem threatening the sustainability of steep land agricultural production throughout the tropics. The El Pital watershed is typical of the many regions within Nicaragua where the effects of erosion are increasingly evident. Analysis of aerial photographs taken in 1968 and 1987, and comparing them with conditions in 1996, indicates that erosion has increased throughout this period and is substantially above the expected geologic "natural" erosion rate for the area. This trend is associated with increased fragmentation of farms associated with the agrarian reform activities of the 1980's, during which many of the large land-holdings were confiscated and redistributed to many peasant families.
  • WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 ● 70Th YEAR 70E ANNÉE ● 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995

    WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 ● 70Th YEAR 70E ANNÉE ● 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995

    WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, No. 37, 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 • RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, No 37, 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995 1995, 70, 261-268 No. 37 World Health Organization, Geneva Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Genève WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE 15 SEPTEMBER 1995 c 70th YEAR 70e ANNÉE c 15 SEPTEMBRE 1995 CONTENTS SOMMAIRE Expanded Programme on Immunization – Programme élargi de vaccination – Lot Quality Assurance Evaluation de la couverture vaccinale par la méthode dite de Lot survey to assess immunization coverage, Quality Assurance (échantillonnage par lots pour l'assurance de la qualité), Burkina Faso 261 Burkina Faso 261 Human rabies in the Americas 264 La rage humaine dans les Amériques 264 Influenza 266 Grippe 266 List of infected areas 266 Liste des zones infectées 266 Diseases subject to the Regulations 268 Maladies soumises au Règlement 268 Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Programme élargi de vaccination (PEV) Lot Quality Assurance survey to assess immunization coverage Evaluation de la couverture vaccinale par la méthode dite de Lot Quality Assurance (échantillonnage par lots pour l'assurance de la qualité) Burkina Faso. In January 1994, national and provincial Burkina Faso. En janvier 1994, les autorités nationales et provin- public health authorities, in collaboration with WHO, con- ciales de santé publique, en collaboration avec l’OMS, ont mené ducted a field survey to evaluate immunization coverage une étude sur le terrain pour évaluer la couverture vaccinale des for children 12-23 months of age in the city of Bobo enfants de 12 à 23 mois dans la ville de Bobo Dioulasso. L’étude a Dioulasso. The survey was carried out using the method of utilisé la méthode dite de Lot Quality Assurance (LQA) plutôt que Lot Quality Assurance (LQA) rather than the 30-cluster la méthode des 30 grappes plus couramment utilisée par les pro- survey method which has traditionally been used by immu- grammes de vaccination.