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Central America Economic Reactivation in a COVID-19 World: FINDING SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES in UNCERTAIN TIMES
Atlantic Council ADRIENNE ARSHT LATIN AMERICA CENTER Central America Economic Reactivation in a COVID-19 World: FINDING SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES IN UNCERTAIN TIMES By: María Eugenia Brizuela de Ávila, Laura Chinchilla Miranda, María Fernanda Bozmoski, and Domingo Sadurní Contributing authors: Enrique Bolaños and Salvador Paiz The Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center broadens understanding of regional transformations through high-impact work that shapes the conversation among policymakers, the business community, and civil society. The Center focuses on Latin America’s strategic role in a global context with a priority on pressing political, economic, and social issues that will define the trajectory of the region now and in the years ahead. Select lines of programming include: Venezuela’s crisis; Mexico-US and global ties; China in Latin America; Colombia’s future; a changing Brazil; Central America’s trajectory; Caribbean development; commercial patterns shifts; energy resources; and disinformation. Jason Marczak serves as Center Director. For more information, please visit www.AtlanticCouncil.org. This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. © 2020 The Atlantic Council of the United States. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or -
Disinformation in Democracies: Strengthening Digital Resilience in Latin America
Atlantic Council ADRIENNE ARSHT LATIN AMERICA CENTER Disinformation in Democracies: Strengthening Digital Resilience in Latin America The Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center broadens understanding of regional transformations through high-impact work that shapes the conversation among policymakers, the business community, and civil society. The Center focuses on Latin America’s strategic role in a global context with a priority on pressing political, economic, and social issues that will define the trajectory of the region now and in the years ahead. Select lines of programming include: Venezuela’s crisis; Mexico-US and global ties; China in Latin America; Colombia’s future; a changing Brazil; Central America’s trajectory; combatting disinformation; shifting trade patterns; and leveraging energy resources. Jason Marczak serves as Center Director. The Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab (DFRLab) is at the forefront of open-source reporting and tracking events related to security, democracy, technology, and where each intersect as they occur. A new model of expertise adapted for impact and real-world results, coupled with efforts to build a global community of #DigitalSherlocks and teach public skills to identify and expose attempts to pollute the information space, DFRLab has operationalized the study of disinformation to forge digital resilience as humans are more connected than at any point in history. For more information, please visit www.AtlanticCouncil.org. This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. -
Chapter 2. Public Security in Central America Laura Chinchilla Miranda
Chapter 2. Public Security in Central America Laura Chinchilla Miranda This chapter analyzes the problem of public security in Central America—Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica—from 1980 to 2000. It begins by presenting the changes in the sub-region’s security agenda, characterized by the discontinuance of the “national security” notion and the adoption of the concept of “public security” or “citizen security.” Both concepts have significant implications for the definition of threats, the types of responses that threats trigger, and the institutional players that intervene. The chapter goes on to describe the Central American security problem, characterized by increasing crime rates—especially for violent crimes—and an intensification of the population’s feeling of insecurity. Next, it analyzes the institutional responses to crime and violence that the countries of the region have coordinated. During the past two decades, Central America encouraged a dynamic process of strengthening civilian police forces and establishing a criminal justice administration that would be more consistent with the democratic context and new social requirements. These internal reform processes have been matched by region-wide efforts seeking to improve the level of coordination among law-enforcement authorities in combating organized crime. However, the chapter points out that such efforts have not generated the anticipated public response, and this has resulted in dangerous trends toward a return to repressive reactions that threaten the still nascent democratic processes of the region. 1 The final section presents some alternative concepts that are gaining acceptance in the region’s public security agendas, such as community security and democratic security. -
President Laura Chinchilla Begins Term with Commitment to Safer, Greener, More Prosperous Costa Rica George Rodriguez
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-13-2010 President Laura Chinchilla Begins Term With Commitment To Safer, Greener, More Prosperous Costa Rica George Rodriguez Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation Rodriguez, George. "President Laura Chinchilla Begins Term With Commitment To Safer, Greener, More Prosperous Costa Rica." (2010). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen/9788 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 50577 ISSN: 1089-1560 President Laura Chinchilla Begins Term With Commitment To Safer, Greener, More Prosperous Costa Rica by George Rodriguez Category/Department: Costa Rica Published: 2010-05-13 "Sí, juro" (Yes, I swear). With those words Laura Chinchilla became the first woman to be sworn into office as president of Costa Rica (NotiCen, February 11, 2010). Minutes later, as this Central American nation's head of state, Chinchilla addressed her fellow Costa Ricans, committing herself to work, among other major goals, for what she successively described as a safer, greener, more prosperous country, one where fruitful, honest dialogue is the name of the game and where no one is entitled to believe they monopolize the truth. Parque Metropolitano La Sabana, on the capital city's west end and one of the town's two major parks, was the site chosen for the event to allow as many people as possible to attend, along with the nine presidents and delegations sent by some 30 governments. -
Nicaragua Sixth Year Fy16 Annual Project Report
NICARAGUA SIXTH YEAR FY16 ANNUAL PROJECT REPORT PERFORMANCE PERIOD: OCTOBER 1, 2015 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO.: AID-524-A-10-00003 NOVEMBER 2016 The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. 1 Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 6 2. DEMOGRAPHIC AND HIV STATISTICS. ........................................................................................... 8 2.1 HIV STATISTICS GENERATED BY MOH ......................................................................................... 8 2.2 HIV STATISTICS GENERATED BY PREVENSIDA ............................................................................ 8 3. DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE HIV IMPLEMENTING MECHANISM IN THE COUNTRY ................................................................................................................................................... 8 4. PROGRAM GOALS AND STRATEGIC COMPONENTS WITHIN THE PERFAR FRAMEWORK .. 9 5. TECHNICAL REPORT ....................................................................................................................... 11 5.1 RESULT ONE: STRENGTHENED INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF NGOS ......................... 11 5.2 RESULT TWO: IMPROVED ACCESS OF HIV/AIDS PREVENTIVE SERVICES ........................ 14 5.2.1 KP PREVENTION ...................................................................................................................... -
Plan De Manejo De La Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho
Fundación Cocibolca Fundación Nicaragüense para la Conservación Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales MARENA DIRECCION GENERAL DE PATRIMONIO NATURAL DIRECCIÓN DE MANEJO INTEGRAL PROMOCIÓN Y DESARROLLO DEL SINAP Octubre 2017 CONTENIDO A- LISTA DE TABLAS .............................................................................................................................. 7 Tabla 1. Categorías de uso del suelo en la Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho ............................ 34 Tabla 2. Categorías de uso del suelo en la Zona de Amortiguamiento Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho ...................................................................................................................................... 35 Tabla No. 3 Registros de Vida Silvestre de la Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho ........................ 55 Tabla 4. Protagonistas locales presentes en el área protegida ...................................................... 69 Tabla 5.- Criterios para valoración de objetos de conservación del Area Protegida ...................... 73 Tabla 6.- Valoración de la Fauna de la Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho .................................. 74 Tabla 7.- Valoración de las especies de Flora de la RNVM. ............................................................ 74 Tabla 8.- Valoración del Paisaje de la RNVM (Paisajes dentro y visibles desde el Área Protegida). ...................................................................................................................................... 75 Tabla 9. Matriz para valorar -
Plan De Accion Powpa Nicaragua 2012 Sinap 290512 Parte I
N I C A R A G U A Mayo, 2012 Plan de Acción para la Implementación del Programa de Trabajo sobre Áreas Protegidas de la Convención sobre la Diversidad Biológica Nicaragua, 2012 1 Contenido Información de las áreas protegidas:............................................................................................................3 Descripción del sistema de áreas protegidas................................................................................................7 Avance y Planes para la Consecución de los Objetivos del Programa de Trabajo Sobre Áreas Protegidas13 Planes de acción para completar las actividades prioritarias para la total implementación del Programa de Trabajo sobre Áreas Protegidas.............................................................................................................14 Áreas Protegidas Terrestres........................................................................................................................14 Áreas Protegidas Marino Costeros .............................................................................................................16 Evaluación de los vacíos ecológicos............................................................................................................23 Evaluación de la Efectividad del Manejo ....................................................................................................24 Evaluación de la sostenibilidad financiera..................................................................................................25 Evaluación -
Inter-American Juridical Committee
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE 65th REGULAR SESSION OEA/Ser.Q/VI.35 August 2 to 20, 2004 CJI/doc.174/04 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 20 August 2004 Original: Spanish ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2004 ii iii EXPLANATORY NOTE Until 1990, the OAS General Secretariat had published the Minutes of meetings and Annual Reports of the Inter-American Juridical Committee under the series classified as Reports and Recommendations. In 1997, the International Law Department of the Secretariat for Legal Affairs of the OAS General Secretariat now published those documents under the title Annual report of the Inter- American Juridical Committee to the General Assembly. Under the Classification manual for the OAS official records series, the Inter-American Juridical Committee is assigned the classification code OEA/Ser.Q, followed by CJI, to signify documents issued by this body (see attached lists of resolutions and documents). iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page RESOLUTIONS APPROVED BY THE INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE ....................................... vii DOCUMENTS INCLUDED IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT .......................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER I.......................................................................................................................................................... -
Recomendaciones a Fin De Enriquecer Esta Investigación
RECINTO UNIVERSITARIO RUBÉN DARÍO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA Seminario de graduación para optar a título de Ingeniero Geólogo. ACTUALIZACIÓN CARTOGRÁFICA Y GEOQUÍMICA DE AGUAS TERMALES DEL SUR DEL VOLCÁN MOMBACHO ORIENTADO A PROSPECCIÓN DE RECURSO GEOTÉRMICO¨. Presenta: Br. Lisbeth de los Ángeles Herrera García Tutor: MSc. Gema Velásquez Espinoza Asesor: Ing. Mayela Sánchez Managua, 2017 Agradecimientos A mi familia, por su espíritu alentador, permanente apoyo y comprensión. A mi tutora Ing. Gema Velásquez y mi asesora Mayela Sánchez por la paciencia y buena voluntad de guiar esta investigación. A la Empresa Nicaragüense de Electricidad, dirigida por el Ing. Ernesto Tiffer; por quien dicho trabajo ha sido posible. A la Dirección de Estudios Geotérmicos de ENEL, Ing. Melba Sú, Ing. Ariel Zuñiga quienes han sido de gran apoyo durante el desarrollo de la investigación. A mis compañeros, por sus observaciones, sugerencias y recomendaciones a fin de enriquecer esta investigación. A todos, muchas gracias. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA 2017: “AÑO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD EMPRENDEDORA” 15 de noviembre, 2017 MSc. Elim Campo Director Departamento de Tecnología Presente Estimado Msc. Campo El motivo de la presente es para comunicarle que he dirigido y revisado el trabajo de Seminario de Graduación elaborado por la Br.: Lisbeth de los Ángeles Herrera García de la carrera de Ingeniería Geológica de la UNAN-Mangua. Dicho trabajo lleva por título "Actualización cartográfica y geoquímica de aguas termales del sur del volcán Mombacho orientado a prospección de recursos geotérmico". Dado lo anterior, ratifico que el trabajo realizado contiene conocimientos que son científicamente aceptados y técnicamente prácticos, enmarcados en el tema. -
Nicaragua Malaria General Malaria Information: Predominantly P
Nicaragua Malaria General malaria information: predominantly P. vivax (P. falciparum transmission is mostly limited to northern and western Issues to Consider Atlántico Norte). Transmission occurs throughout the year and is highest from May through October. Factors favoring chemoprophylaxis Location-specific recommendations: • Adventure travel Risk-averse and vulnerable travelers Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for all travelers: certain municipalities in the departments of Atlántico Norte (including • Areas subject to infrequent epidemics the Mosquito Islands), Atlántico Sur, Jinotega, Matagalpa, Chinandega, and León (see map); all cities and towns within these • Immigrants visiting friends and relatives areas except the central urban area of Chinandega. • • Flexible itineraries Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for certain travelers (see Issues to Consider inset): certain municipalities in the • Travel longer than 1 month departments of Atlántico Norte, Atlántico Sur, Nueva Segovia [1], Jinotega, Esteli [3], Matagalpa, Boaco, León, Managua [4], • Unreliable medical expertise and/or and Masaya [5] (see map); all cities and towns within these areas except the central urban areas of Matagalpa and León. treatment drugs at destination Insect precautions only are recommended (negligible transmission is reported): rural areas of certain municipalities (see map) Factors against chemoprophylaxis in the departments of Nueva Segovia [1], Madriz [2], Matagalpa, Chinandega, León, Boaco, Managua, Carazo [6], and Rio • Air-conditioned hotels only San Juan (including the Solentiname Islands); all cities and towns within these areas; the central urban areas of Matagalpa, • Urban areas only Chinandega, and León. • Non-transmission season No preventive measures are necessary (no evidence of transmission exists): the city of Managua; the Corn Islands; all other • Minimal nighttime exposure areas not mentioned above. -
Country Profiles
Global Coalition EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK 2020 GCPEA to Protect Education from Attack COUNTRY PROFILES NICARAGUA A government crackdown on protests in 2018 and 2019 resulted in at least 45 reported attacks on education in Nicaragua. Police used excessive and lethal force on university campuses and during protests, injuring hundreds of students. Arbitrary arrests and convictions of students also occurred during this period. Context On April 18, 2018, university students and pensioners led peaceful demonstrations in Managua and León, Nicaragua, in response to unpopular social security reforms.1280 Police and pro-government armed groups (often referred to as “turbas sandinistas”)1281 responded violently, in some cases using lethal force, to the peaceful protests that erupted across the country and continued for nearly six months.1282 Beginning on May 7, 2018, students and young people occupied the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua), which became a site of attacks on higher education students, personnel, and infrastructure during protests.1283 Police and pro-government armed groups also attacked several other universities during the reporting period, including the National Agrarian University (UNA) and the Central American University (UCA).1284 Protesters often used roadblocks and barricades as a protest tool; some protesters reportedly used violence against police, although the majority of protesters remained peaceful.1285 Violent repression of protests by police and armed pro-government groups resulted in 328 deaths, -
IAJC’S Centenary Celebrations; AWARE of the Valuable Assistance Given by Dr
PERMANENT COUNCIL OEA/Ser.G CP/doc.4695/12 8 March 2012 Original: Spanish ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE TO THE FORTY-SECOND REGULAR OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE 79th REGULAR SESSION OEA/Ser.Q/IV.42 August 1 to 6, 2011 CJI/doc.399/11 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5 August 2011 Original: Spanish ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2011 General Secretariat Organization of the American States www.oas.org/cji [email protected] EXPLANATORY NOTE Until 1990, the OAS General Secretariat published the “Final Acts” and “Annual Reports of the Inter-American Juridical Committee” under the series classified as “Reports and Recommendations”. In 1997, the Department of International Law of the Secretariat for Legal Affairs began to publish those documents under the title “Annual Report of the Inter-American Juridical Committee to the General Assembly”. According to the “Classification Manual for the OAS official records series”, the Inter- American Juridical Committee is assigned the classification code OEA/Ser.Q, followed by CJI, to signify documents issued by this body (see attached lists of resolutions and documents). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXPLANATORY NOTE......................................................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................................................