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History of the Christian Church*
a Grace Notes course History of the Christian Church VOLUME 5. The Middle Ages, the Papal Theocracy in Conflict with the Secular Power from Gregory VII to Boniface VIII, AD 1049 to 1294 By Philip Schaff CH512 Chapter 12: Scholastic and Mystic Theology History of the Christian Church Volume 5 The Middle Ages, the Papal Theocracy in Conflict with the Secular Power from Gregory VII to Boniface VIII, AD 1049 to 1294 CH512 Table of Contents Chapter 12. Scholastic and Mystic Theology .................................................................................2 5.95. Literature and General Introduction ......................................................................................... 2 5.96. Sources and Development of Scholasticism .............................................................................. 4 5.97. Realism and Nominalism ........................................................................................................... 6 5.98. Anselm of Canterbury ................................................................................................................ 7 5.99. Peter Abelard ........................................................................................................................... 12 5.100. Abelard’s Teachings and Theology ........................................................................................ 18 5.101. Younger Contemporaries of Abelard ..................................................................................... 21 5.102. Peter the Lombard and the Summists -
The First Life of Bernard of Clairvaux
CISTERCIAN FATHERS SERIES: NUMBER SEVENTY-SIX THE FIRST LIFE OF BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX CISTERCIAN FATHERS SERIES: NUMBER SEVENTY-SIX The First Life of Bernard of Clairvaux by William of Saint-Thierry, Arnold of Bonneval, and Geoffrey of Auxerre Translated by Hilary Costello, OCSO Cistercian Publications www.cistercianpublications.org LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Cistercian Publications title published by Liturgical Press Cistercian Publications Editorial Offices 161 Grosvenor Street Athens, Ohio 45701 www.cistercianpublications.org In the absence of a critical edition of Recension B of the Vita Prima Sancti Bernardi, this translation is based on Mount Saint Bernard MS 1, with section numbers inserted from the critical edition of Recension A (Vita Prima Sancti Bernardi Claraevallis Abbatis, Liber Primus, ed. Paul Verdeyen, CCCM 89B [Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2011]). Scripture texts in this work are translated by the translator of the text. The image of Saint Bernard on the cover is a miniature from Mount Saint Bernard Abbey, fol. 1, reprinted with permission from Mount Saint Bernard Abbey. © 2015 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, College- ville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vita prima Sancti Bernardi. English The first life of Bernard of Clairvaux / by William of Saint-Thierry, Arnold of Bonneval, and Geoffrey of Auxerre ; translated by Hilary Costello, OCSO. -
Oxford Handbooks Online
Scholastic Reasons, Monastic Meditations and Victorine Conciliations: The Question of the Unity and Plurality of God in the Twelfth Century Oxford Handbooks Online Scholastic Reasons, Monastic Meditations and Victorine Conciliations: The Question of the Unity and Plurality of God in the Twelfth Century Dominique Poirel The Oxford Handbook of the Trinity Edited by Gilles Emery and Matthew Levering Print Publication Date: Oct Subject: Religion, Theology and Philosophy of Religion, 2011 Christianity Online Publication Date: Jan DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557813.003.0013 2012 Abstract and Keywords This article examines the thoughts of twelfth-century theologians in the West concerning the Trinity. It focuses on the works of Peter Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, Richard of St. Victor, and Peter Lombard. It explores the multiplication of models used to think about the Trinity. These include the triad power-wisdom-goodness, images in the human soul, traces in visible creation, and interpersonal love. It argues that despite the tensions at the beginning of the period, the efforts of the theologians led toward a richer doctrine, notably toward the theory of Trinitarian appropriations. Keywords: Trinity, theologians, Peter Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, Richard of St. Victor, Peter Lombard, human soul, visible creation, interpersonal love, Trinitarian appropriations IN the twelfth century, notable reflections on the Trinitarian mystery led to a series of conflicts between the scholastic and monastic worlds. On the one side stood the masters, Abelard, Gilbert of Poitiers, and Peter Lombard, on the other, the monks, mostly Cistercians, William of Saint Thierry, Bernard of Clairvaux, and Joachim of Fiore. In the middle stood the canons regular Hugh, Achard, and Richard of Saint Victor, neither monks nor seculars, but religious and masters at the same time, who played the role of intermediary. -
Rabelais and the Abbey of Saint-Victor Revisited Brett Bodemer
4 I&C/Rabelais and the Abbey of Saint-Victor Rabelais and the Abbey of Saint-Victor Revisited Brett Bodemer The seventh chapter of François Rabelais’s Pantagruel concludes with a list of books attributed to the Abbey of Saint-Victor. The chapter’s brief nar rative foregrounds the catalog by touching on aspects of intellectual life in Paris, mentioning both the “great University of Paris” and the “seven liberal arts.” It is not surprising, then, that critics have viewed the catalog as a broad critique of scholasticism. Evidence presented here warrants the addition of a further layer of nuance to this critique that is directly related to this abbey’s contributions to education, reading, textual organization, and library classification. I saw the Library of St. Victor: This most Antient [sic] Convent is the best seated of any in Paris; has very large Gardens, with shady Walks, well kept. The Library is a fair and large Gallery: It is open three days a week, and has a range of double Desks quite through the middle of it, with Seats and Conveniences of Writing for 40 or 50 People. In a part of it, at the upper end, are kept the Manuscripts; they are said to be 3000, which though not very ancient, have yet been found very useful for the most correct Editions of many Authors. This is one of the pleasantest Rooms that can be seen, for the Beauty of its Prospect, and the Quiet and Freedom from Noise in the middle of so great a City. —Martin Lister, A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698 The Englishman Martin Lister published this description of the library of the Abbey of Saint-Victor after his visit to Paris in 1698. -
“A Benedictine Reader Is an Exciting Volume of Sources That Includes Key Texts from the Order’S Inception in 530 Through the Sixteenth Century
“A Benedictine Reader is an exciting volume of sources that includes key texts from the Order’s inception in 530 through the sixteenth century. These ‘Benedictine Centuries’ demonstrate the rich and varied contributions that knit together the religious, political, social, and cultural fabric of European society throughout the Middle Ages and into the Early Modern period. Translated into fresh and readable English, each text contains a concise introduction that has an almost intuitive quality. This is a welcome addition to the field and is an excellent resource for both scholars and students alike.” —Alice Chapman Associate Professor of History Grand Valley State University “Perfectae Caritatis invited religious to enter into their original sources and primitive inspirations. A Benedictine Reader achieves this by creating a fascinating world of medieval monastic doctrine. This anthology opens up for any interested person ancient sources that fashioned monastic aggiornamento through the centuries. With quite remarkable scholarship, the wealth of footnotes in this volume introduces contemporary authorities promoting this renewal. Together these ancient monastics and contemporary scholars form a valuable treasure for a rebirth in monastic wisdom and insight.” —Thomas X. Davis, OCSO Abbot Emeritus, New Clairvaux Abbey “A Benedictine Reader brings together in a single volume the Venerable Bede, John of Fécamp, Abelard, Hildegard of Bingen, and other well-known figures of Western medieval monasticism. Also included are lesser known authors and works by anonymous voices. This virtual library of medieval Benedictine texts fills a gaping hole in monastic libraries and will be an excellent resource in monastic formation programs.” —Mark A. Scott, OCSO Abbot of New Melleray Peosta, Iowa 48 42 49 44 47 46 45 50 43 41 2 17 19 18 15 51 3 40 14 16 38 1 39 20 52 13 37 21 12 9 10 11 36 22 8 32 33 34 35 53 23 7 4 6 6 30 31 5 25 27 29 24 26 28 The Plan of St. -
Veritatis Splendor #120
OUR FOREFATHERS IN THE MONASTIC LIFE Biographies of Great Monastic Saints by Pope Benedict XVI Selections from the Wednesday Audiences June 20, 2007 – October 6, 2010 - 1 - - 2 - Table of Contents Athanasius of Alexandria . 5 Basil . 11 Gregory Nazianzus . 21 Gregory of Nyssa . 31 Eusebius of Vercelli . 42 Jerome . 48 Aphraates “the Sage” . 61 Boethius and Cassiodorus . 66 Benedict of Norcia . 74 Romanus the Melodist . 81 Gregory the Great . 88 Columban . 102 Maximus the Confessor . 108 John Climacus . 115 Bede the Venerable. 123 Boniface. 130 Ambrose Autpert. 138 John Damascene. 146 Theodore the Studite. 152 Rabanus Maurus. 159 Cyril and Methodius. 165 Odo of Cluny. 171 Peter Damien. 178 - 3 - Symeon the New Theologian. 184 Anselm. 190 Peter the Venerable. 196 Bernard of Clairvaux. 202 Monastic Theology and Scholastic Theology 209 Bernard of Clairvaux and Peter Abelard . 215 The Cluniac Reform . 220 Hugh and Richard of Saint-Victor . 225 William of Saint-Thierry . 232 Rupert of Deutz . 238 Hildegard of Bingen . 245 Matilda of Hackeborn . 266 Gertrude the Great . 273 - 4 - Saint Athanasius of Alexandria Dear Brothers and Sisters, Continuing our revisitation of the great Teachers of the ancient Church, let us focus our attention today on St. Athanasius of Alexandria. Only a few years after his death, this authentic protago- nist of the Christian tradition was already hailed as "the pillar of the Church" by Gregory of Nazianzus, the great theologian and Bishop of Constantinople (Orationes, 21, 26), and he has always been considered a model of or- thodoxy in both East and West. As a result, it was not by chance that Gian Lorenzo Ber- nini placed his statue among those of the four holy Doc- tors of the Eastern and Western Churches — together with the images of Ambrose, John Chrysostom and Au- gustine — which surround the Chair of St. -
“Let Everyone Consult His Own Conscience”
“Let everyone consult his own conscience” Sin and interiority in the thought of Anselm of Laon Teun van Dijk Teun van Dijk - Student number: 5695767 RMA Thesis – Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Universiteit Utrecht Supervisors: dr. Rob Meens and dr. Irene O’Daly 1 Abstract: The development of the thinking on sin and confession in the twelfth century has given rise to claims that the modern concept of the “individual” or the “self” find their birth in the twelfth century. This topic has been much discussed and nuanced, but there is a scholarly consensus that there certainly were developments in the thinking on the “self” and the human interior during this time, often expressed in writings about the topics of sin, penance, and confession. Discussions of this development are often related to 'revolutionary' thinkers such as Peter Abelard, who supposedly turned away from traditional authorities and relied on his own rationality in order to explore questions of interiority. This thesis will be concerned with the teachings of a more ‘traditional’ and often neglected thinker from the early twelfth century, the schoolmaster Anselm of Laon (d.1117 CE). As such, this thesis is centred around a study of the sentence collections connected to Anselm’s cathedral school in Laon, primarily through the framework of those sentences concerned with topics related to the theme of sin. As this thesis argues, ideas of a ‘discovery’ or sudden emergence of the “self” or the human interior have to be revised. Rather, the sentence collections from the school of Laon show us that a thinker such as Anselm of Laon, who was firmly rooted in the work of traditional authorities, took part in a gradual, complex development which saw the intensification of the thinking about the human interior in the early twelfth century. -
Historia Calamitatum: the Story of My Misfortunes
Historia Calamitatum: The Story of My Misfortunes Author(s): Abelard, Peter Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: In his touching autobiography, heralded philosopher and theologian Peter Abelard reveals the most intimate details of his life marred by betrayal and persecution. Abelard tells of a philosophical rivalry with his dear friend and teacher, William de Champeaux, which tragically ended their close relationship. He tells of his deep romantic love with his stu- dent Heloise, and of how their romance enraged Heloise©s uncle, who later inflicted upon Abelard the cruelest physical torture. Abelard tells of how he abandoned philosophy in hopes of finding solace in the monastery, where he was only further slandered by his peers for his progressive theology. At the close of his autobiography, Abelard shares the words of the Apostle Paul, by which Abelard found solace during his troubled life: "I do not seek to please men. For I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ" (Gal. 1:10). Abelard tells of his persecution in hopes that his readers will be able to bear their own persecution with as much strength and dignity as he did. Emmalon Davis CCEL Staff Writer i Contents Title Page 1 Introduction. 2 Historia Calamitatum 12 Foreword 13 Chapter I. Of the Birthplace of Pierre Abélard and of His Parents. 14 Chapter II. Of the Persecution He Had from His Master William of 15 Champeuax—of His Adventures at Melun, at Corbeil and at Paris—of His Withdrawal from the City of Parisians to Melun, and His Return to Mont St Geneviève—of His Journey to His Old Home. -
Logic & Theology in the Middle Ages
Theological questions connected with the set-up of logic. The Immortality of the Soul. The Eucharist. The Trinity and the ontological status of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Free will and responsibility for one’s actions. Logic as ars sermocinalis. (Part of the preliminary studies of the trivium.) Logic & Theology in the Middle Ages. Logic (in a broader sense) as central to important questions of philosophy, metaphysics and theology. Medieval logic is not devoted to the setting up of formal systems or any metalogical analysis of formal structures. Logic in the medieval sense of the discipline is necessarily connected with semantical aspects of natural language. Accordingly, we are confronted with a discipline going far beyond the formal structures of discourse. Christoph Kann Core Logic – 2005/06-1ab – p. 2/38 Logic & Theology in the Middle Ages. Logic (in a broader sense) as central to important questions of philosophy, metaphysics and theology. Theological questions connected with the set-up of logic. The Immortality of the Soul. The Eucharist. The Trinity and the ontological status of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Free will and responsibility for one’s actions. Logic as ars sermocinalis. (Part of the preliminary studies of the trivium.) Core Logic – 2005/06-1ab – p. 2/38 The soul as form of the animal. A living being (plant, animal, human) is a compound of its matter and its form. The form is its capacity to engage in its characteristic activities. In gross oversimplification, we can say that the soul of a plant / horse / human is its form. Interpretation 1 (“The individual form theory”). -
The Chimerae of Their Age:Twelfth Century Cistercian Engagement
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Pomona Senior Theses Pomona Student Scholarship 2014 The himeC rae of their Age:Twelfth eC ntury Cistercian Engagement beyond Monastic Walls Daniel J. Martin Pomona College Recommended Citation Martin, Daniel J., "The himeC rae of their Age:Twelfth eC ntury Cistercian Engagement beyond Monastic Walls" (2014). Pomona Senior Theses. Paper 110. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/110 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Pomona Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pomona Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Chimerae of their Age: Twelfth Century Cistercian Engagement beyond Monastic Walls By Daniel J Martin Contents I. Introduction: How Do You Solve a Problem Like the Cistercians? 3 II. The Two Vitae: Activa and Passiva 6 III. Cistercians and the Religious Movements of the Twelfth Century 10 IV. The Cistercian Order, 1098-1225 17 V. The Life of Bernard 25 VI. The Monastic Life and Spiritual Authority 32 VIII. Justification of Holy War 46 IX. Conclusion: A Legacy of Action 51 X. Works Cited and Bibliography 55 Martin 3 I. Introduction: How Do You Solve a Problem Like the Cistercians? One of the great paradoxes of the medieval period is the Albigensian Crusade (1209- 1229). The result of cooperation between the papacy, the northern French king, and the monastic order of the Cistercians, the crusade pitted an army from the north of France against the counts and ‘heretics’ of Southern France, with the ultimate goal of eliminating the heresies commonly known as Catharism.1 This crusade, in stark contrast to the First and Second Crusades which preceded it, was fought entirely within Medieval Europe and between two groups of Christians, already making it a unique event in medieval history. -
PETER ABELARD* Principal Works Carmen Ad Astralabium. Edited By
c Peter King, in The Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 115 (1992): 3–14. PETER ABELARD* Principal Works Carmen ad Astralabium. Edited by J. M. A. Rubingh-Bosscher in Peter Abelard: Carmen ad Astralabium, a Critical Edition. Groningen: phil. diss. Rijksuniversiteit 1987. Collationes a. k. a. Dialogus inter Philosophum, Iudaeum, et Christianum. Edited by Giovanni Orlandi, with introduction, translation, and notes by John Marenbon, in Peter Abelard: Collationes, Oxford University Press 2001. Commentaria in Epistolam Pauli ad Romanos. Edited by Eligius M. Buy- taert in Petri Abaelardi opera theologica. Corpus christianorum (con- tinuatio mediaevalis) Vol. 11. Brepols: Turnholt 1969, 389–340. Dialectica. Edited by L. M. De Rijk in Petrus Abaelardus: Dialectica, Assen: Van Gorcum 1970 (second edition). Epistolae: Ep. 1 edited by Monfrin (see the entry below for the Historia calamitatum); Epp. 2–5 edited by J. T. Muckle, Mediaeval Studies 15 (1953) 68–94; Epp. 6–7, edited by J. T. Muckle, Mediaeval Studies 17 (1955) 241-281; Ep. 8, edited by T. P. McLaughlin, Mediaeval Studies 18 (1956) 242–297; Epp. 9–14 edited by E. R. Smits in Peter Abelard: Letters IX–XIV, Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit 1983; Ep. 15 edited by Josef Reiners, BGPTM 8 (1910) 63–80; Ep. 16, edited by Victor Cousin and Charles Jourdain, Petri Abaelardi opera Vol. 1 (Paris 1849) 703– 707, corrected against Van Den Eynde, Antonianum 38 (1963) 219; Ep. 17, edited by Charles Burnett, Mittellateinisch Jahrbuch 21 (1986), 152–155; Apologia contra Bernardum (Ne iuxta Boethianum), edited by Eligius M. Buytaert in CCCM 12 359–368; Epistola contra Bernar- dum edited by Raymond Klibansky, Medieval and Renaissance Studies 5 (1961), 1–27; Confessio fidei “Uniuersis” edited by Charles Burnett, Mediaeval Studies 48 (1986), 182–189. -
The Originality and Influence of Peter Abelard Upon Medieval Thought
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2011 Quidam homo est asinus : the originality and influence of eterP Abelard upon Medieval thought. Timothy Ernst 1982- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Ernst, Timothy 1982-, "Quidam homo est asinus : the originality and influence of eterP Abelard upon Medieval thought." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 409. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/409 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. QUIDAM HOMO EST ASINUS: THE ORIGINALITY AND INFLUENCE OF PETER ABELARD UPON MEDIEVAL THOUGHT By: Timothy Ernst B.A., Hanover College, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky December 2011 QUIDAM HOMO EST ASINUS: THE ORIGINALITY AND INFLUENCE OF PETER ABELARD UPON MEDIEVAL THOUGHT By: Timothy Ernst B.A., Hanover College, 2005 A Thesis Approved on November 28,2011 by the following Thesis Committee Blake BeJiUie, Thesis Director Ann Taylor Aikn , \ Thomas Maloney 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my adviser, Dr.