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Individuals and Institutions in Medieval Scholasticism Individuals and Institutions in Medieval Scholasticism EDITED BY ANTONIA FITZPATRICK AND JOHN SABAPATHY Individuals and Institutions in Medieval Scholasticism New Historical Perspectives is a book series for early career scholars within the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Books in the series are overseen by an expert editorial board to ensure the highest standards of peer-reviewed scholarship. Commissioning and editing is undertaken by the Royal Historical Society, and the series is published under the imprint of the Institute of Historical Research by the University of London Press. The series is supported by the Economic History Society and the Past and Present Society. Series co-editors: Heather Shore (Manchester Metropolitan University) and Jane Winters (School of Advanced Study, University of London) Founding co-editors: Simon Newman (University of Glasgow) and Penny Summerfield (University of Manchester) New Historical Perspectives Editorial Board Charlotte Alston, Northumbria University David Andress, University of Portsmouth Philip Carter, Institute of Historical Research, University of London Ian Forrest, University of Oxford Leigh Gardner, London School of Economics Tim Harper, University of Cambridge Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews Alec Ryrie, Durham University Richard Toye, University of Exeter Natalie Zacek, University of Manchester Individuals and Institutions in Medieval Scholasticism Edited by Antonia Fitzpatrick and John Sabapathy LONDON ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS Published in 2020 by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU © Chapter authors, 2020 The authors have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the authors of this work. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/. Available to download free or to purchase the hard copy edition at https://www.sas.ac.uk/publications/. ISBNs 978-1-912702-26-8 (hardback edition) 978-1-912702-27-5 (paperback edition) 978-1-912702-30-5 (PDF edition) 978-1-912702-28-2 (ePub edition) 978-1-912702-29-9 (.mobi edition) DOI 10.14296/520.9781912702305 Cover image: detail of Andrea da Firenze (Andrea Bonaiuti)’s 1366–8 Allegory of the triumph of the Church for the Dominican Order’s Chapterhouse in S. Maria Novella, Florence. Contents Acknowledgements vii List of abbreviations ix Notes on contributors xi Introduction: individuals and institutions in medieval scholasticism 1 Antonia Fitzpatrick and John Sabapathy I. Individuals and intellectual traditions: construction and criticism 51 1. The fathers of scholasticism: authorities as totems 53 Blaise Dufal 2. The unicity of substantial form in the Correctoria corruptorii fratris Thomae of Richard Knapwell, Robert Orford and John of Paris 71 Antonia Fitzpatrick 3. Italian universities, arts masters and interpreting Pomponazzi’s De immortalitate animae 89 John Marenbon 4. Individual and institution in scholastic historiography: Nicholas Trevet 107 Matthew Kempshall II. Institutions and individuals: organizations and social practices 137 a. Individuals and organizations 137 5. The charismatic leader and the vita religiosa: some observations about an apparent contradiction between individual and institution 139 Gert Melville v Individuals and Institutions in Medieval Scholasticism 6. An institution made of individuals: Peter John Olivi and Angelo Clareno on the Franciscan experience 157 Sylvain Piron 7. Rolando of Cremona and the earliest inquisition depositions of Languedoc 177 Peter Biller b. Individuals and practices 197 8. Robert of Courson’s systematic thinking about early thirteenth-century institutions 199 John Sabapathy 9. ‘Better to let scandal arise than to relinquish the truth’: the cases of conscience of the masters of Paris in the thirteenth century 217 Emily Corran 10. Of parish priests and hermaphrodites: Robert Holcot’s discussion of Omnis utriusque sexus 235 Cornelia Linde 11. The cult of the marriage of Joseph and Mary: the shaping of doctrinal novelty in Jean Gerson’s Josephina (1414–17) 253 Isabel Iribarren Afterword 269 David d’Avray Index 277 vi Acknowledgements Predictably enough there are a number of individuals and institutions we would like to thank. First, all our contributors for their patience with a project which has had a long gestation and for their commitment to it. Second, those contributors to the initial sunny conference in June 2015 at St John’s College Oxford whom it was not possible to include in the volume: Charles Burnett, Magnus Ryan and Juhana Toivanen. Those who chaired and commented on our discussions were also enormously helpful: Mary Carruthers, Jean Dunbabin, Kantik Ghosh, Stephen Mossman, Sandy Murray, Lucy Sackville, Cecilia Trifogli and Ian Wei. Third – if we may – each other. This has been an enormously enjoyable and collaborative project from the start. Antonia Fitzpatrick remembers John Sabapathy proposing the idea but the undertaking has been entirely collaborative from beginning to end. The project’s structure was generated together; its introduction written and revised collaboratively; and its articles proofed alongside one another. There are a number of institutions we would like to thank, not at all distinct from the individuals involved. First, St John’s College, Oxford and University College London, both of which have provided us with physical and intellectual homes for important periods and which have played instrumental roles in the genesis of this project. We hope that Sir Richard Southern would look favourably on this book. Certainly, his presidential portrait at St John’s seemed to. Neither of us knew Southern but he has had an important influence on our thinking. More materially, St John’s and UCL History Department provided the financial support for the ridiculously fun conference which brought everyone together in the first place. John Sabapathy would also like to thank the Leverhulme Trust for granting a research fellowship on thirteenth-century institutionalization during which this project was completed. This was very much appreciated. Second, the Warburg Institute, where we co-ran a scholasticism reading group for several years, including with some contributors to this volume. The Warburg is one of the best places in the world to work on scholasticism and the book was proofed in its spiritual home on the third floor. Third, the Royal Historical Society and the Institute of Historical Research whose New Historical Perspectives series welcomed our proposal for this book and have supported its production so helpfully. vii Individuals and Institutions in Medieval Scholasticism Finally, this book only apparently lacks a dedication since its efficient cause is an individual who so entirely pervades it that acknowledgment would be as gratuitous as it would be unwanted. In all honesty and gratitude, ceci n’est pas une Festschrift. Antonia Fitzpatrick and John Sabapathy Eton and Bloomsbury, July 2019 viii List of abbreviations BNF Bibliothèque nationale de France Brit. Libr. British Library, London CCCM Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis CCSL Corpus Christianorum Series Latina CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum lat. Latin MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica MGH SRG Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum MGH SS Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores (in Folio) ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (https:// www.oxforddnb.com) PL Patrologia Latina ix Notes on contributors Peter Biller is emeritus professor at the University of York. His earlier research was on medieval thought about population and ‘race’ in medieval science. Now he is a member of a group editing a large tranche of the earliest inquisition records from southern France – specifically, those that survive only in seventeenth-century copies. Emily Corran is lecturer in medieval history at University College London. Her research focuses on practical ethical thought and casuistry in the later middle ages, with a particular interest in manuals for confessors. Her monograph Lying and Perjury in Medieval Practical Thought: a Study in the History of Casuistry was published in 2018. David d’Avray is emeritus professor of history at University College London. He is a fellow of the British Academy and of the Medieval Academy of America. Blaise Dufal is associated researcher to the University of Sydney and the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (Paris). He is a specialist in medieval scholasticism (late thirteenth century – early fourteenth century), with a focus on the classical and patristic traditions. His research interests include the historiography and epistemology of the humanities and social sciences. He co-edited L’historien et les fantômes. Lectures (autour) de l’œuvre d’Alain Boureau (Paris, 2017) and Une histoire au présent. Les historiens et Michel Foucault (Paris, 2013). Antonia Fitzpatrick is a Bedingfield scholar and Residential Scholar at the Honourable Society of Gray’s Inn. She is studying the bar professional training course at the City Law School and will begin pupillage at Monckton Chambers in October 2020. Before retraining as a barrister, she held a junior research fellowship and a departmental lectureship in medieval history at
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