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Language Learning, Academic Achievement, and Overseas Experience: a Sociolinguistic Study of Taiwanese Students in Australian Higher Education

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Language Learning, Academic Achievement, and Overseas Experience: a Sociolinguistic Study of Taiwanese Students in Australian Higher Education Language learning, academic achievement, and overseas experience: A sociolinguistic study of Taiwanese students in Australian higher education Grace Chu‐Lin Chang BA, National Chang Hua University of Education (NCUE), 2003 MA, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), 2008 This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2015 Department of Linguistics Macquarie University Table of Contents Statement of Candidate .............................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................... x List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xi List of Appendices ...................................................................................................... xii Note on Transcription ............................................................................................... xiii Chapter One: Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research topic and rationale ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Australia’s inward student mobility ....................................................................... 3 1.2.1 From foreign aid to commercialized international business ........................... 3 1.2.2 The niche of Australian international higher education .................................. 4 1.2.3 Issues of university funding and support for international students .............. 6 1.3 Taiwan’s outward student mobility ....................................................................... 8 1.4 A personal account ............................................................................................... 12 1.5 Thesis outline ....................................................................................................... 13 Chapter Two: Literature review ........................................................................... 17 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Key concepts ........................................................................................................ 18 2.2.1 Research perspectives on international students ......................................... 18 2.2.2 Conceptualization of second language learning when studying overseas .... 20 2.2.3 Language desire: Motivations for studying overseas .................................... 22 2.3 Educational experience in study abroad .............................................................. 25 2.3.1 Classroom settings ......................................................................................... 26 2.3.2 Group work .................................................................................................... 31 2.3.3 Academic writing ........................................................................................... 34 2.3.4 English language proficiency development ................................................... 38 2.4 PhD study ............................................................................................................. 44 2.4.1 The role of language in the disciplines .......................................................... 44 2.4.2 PhD study as socialization into the academic community ............................ 46 2.4.3 PhD supervision ............................................................................................. 47 2.5 Community participation outside educational settings ....................................... 52 2.5.1 Accommodation ............................................................................................. 52 2.5.2 Church ............................................................................................................ 54 2.5.3 Romance ........................................................................................................ 56 2.6 Summary .............................................................................................................. 57 i Chapter Three: Methodology .............................................................................. 61 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 61 3.2 Qualitative research using ethnographic techniques .......................................... 61 3.3 Procedure and data collection ............................................................................. 63 3.4 Participants .......................................................................................................... 71 3.5 Researcher positionality ...................................................................................... 76 3.6 Data analysis ........................................................................................................ 79 3.7 Limitations of the study ....................................................................................... 82 Chapter Four: Pre‐departure language learning trajectories ................................ 84 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 84 4.2 Participants’ English language learning trajectories ............................................ 84 4.2.1 Compulsory English learning ......................................................................... 85 4.2.2 Private investment in English learning .......................................................... 87 4.3 Overseas study ................................................................................................... 100 4.3.1 Participants’ narratives ................................................................................ 101 4.3.2 Why Australia? ............................................................................................. 108 4.4 Summary and discussion .................................................................................... 112 Chapter Five: Moving down under: Temporary transnationals .......................... 116 5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 116 5.2 ‘Do as the locals do’: Participants’ language desire and choice ........................ 116 5.3 When monolingual ideologies meet multilingual realities ................................ 118 5.3.1 Meeting Chinese .......................................................................................... 119 5.3.2 Friendship with other international students ............................................. 123 5.4 Peripheral participation: Dynamics in interaction with Anglophone local students ............................................................................................................. 126 5.4.1 Classroom settings ....................................................................................... 126 5.4.2 Group work .................................................................................................. 128 5.4.3 Summary ...................................................................................................... 132 5.5 A lonely journey ................................................................................................. 133 5.5.1 Independent research and autonomy versus loneliness and lack of support ........................................................................................................ 134 5.5.2 Personal agency ........................................................................................... 136 5.5.3 Supervisor‐supervisee relationships ............................................................ 138 5.5.4 Summary ...................................................................................................... 146 5.6 Participation outside university ......................................................................... 146 5.6.1 Church .......................................................................................................... 147 5.6.2 Accommodation .......................................................................................... 150 5.6.3 Romance ...................................................................................................... 156 5.7 Summary and discussion .................................................................................... 162 ii Chapter Six: Academic writing feedback ............................................................ 172 6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 172 6.2 Academic writing as situated practice ............................................................... 173 6.2.1 Academic writing challenges ....................................................................... 174 6.2.2 Facing binary stereotypes of rhetoric .......................................................... 178 6.3 Beyond rhetorical differences ............................................................................ 181 6.3.1 Being a mediator of cultural knowledge ...................................................... 181 6.3.2 Being a mediator of professional
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