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The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917
Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result. -
War Weariness' in the Canadian Corps During the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-09-13 Unwilling to Continue, Ordered to Advance: An Examination of the Contributing Factors Toward, and Manifestations of, 'War Weariness' in the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War Chase, Jordan A.S. Chase, J. A. (2013). Unwilling to Continue, Ordered to Advance: An Examination of the Contributing Factors Toward, and Manifestations of, 'War Weariness' in the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28595 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/951 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Unwilling to Continue, Ordered to Advance: An Examination of the Contributing Factors Toward, and Manifestations of, ‘War Weariness’ in the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Campaign of the First World War by Jordan A.S. Chase A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2013 © Jordan A.S. Chase 2013 Abstract This thesis examines the contributing factors and manifestations of ‘war weariness’ in the Canadian Corps during the final months of the Great War. -
“I Have the Fokker in Sight!”
“I have the Fokker in sight!” After some delays caused by tropical cyclone “Gita” the first of our two Fokker F27 Friendship aircraft arrived from New Zealand on Monday 27 February. Now registered VH-EWH, the Friendship departed Auckland on Sunday 26 February, stopping to refuel at Norfolk Island before proceeding to Coolangatta to clear customs. The intention was to proceed to Wollongong that same day, but bad weather in the Illawarra dictated an overnight stay at Coolangatta. The second aircraft will be ferried sometime in the next few months. In Australian service the Fokker F27 Friendship was operated from the late 1950’s by many of the domestic and regional airlines. Some of the Australian airlines which operated the type include Trans Australia Airlines, Ansett ANA, East West, Queensland Airlines, Bill Peach’s Aircruising Australia and Airlines of NSW. The type was also operated by the Department of Civil Aviation and CSIRO. The Fokker F27 was developed during the early 1950’s and was intended to compete with or replace piston engine aircraft such as the DC-3. It uses Rolls Royce Dart turboprop engines, is pressurised and, in typical configuration seats around 50 passengers. Our F27s were most recently in service with a company that provided services to New Zealand Post and our Kiwi readers would be well familiar with the sight and unique sounds of the F27s as they made their way around the mail runs. Convair CV-440 progress The return to flight project for our Convair CV-440 made significant progress this month with completion of the new engine installation. -
The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom. -
Fokker Dr.I for X-Plane 10
Aerobask Fokker Dr.I for X-Plane 10 User Manual Aerobask Table of Contents Part I: Historical Background 3 Introduction 4 About the Dr.I 4 The Red Baron 5 The Aerobask Model 6 Final Thoughts 6 Part II: Aircraft Description & Instructions ! Installation and Settings 8 Re uire!ents 8 Installation 8 Settings 8 Aircra"t Di!ensions # Aircra"t S$eci"ications %& '$$er Instru!ents %% (o)er Instru!ents %* +n,Screen Menus %- Starting . Sto$$ing the /ngine %4 Takeo"" . (anding %5 Part III: Air Co#$at in t%e Fokker Dr'I 1( Air 0o!bat in 1,2lane %& %3 4etting and Ar!ing AI Aircra"t %3 Setting u$ Tea!s in 1,2lane %3 Using the Dr.I in Multi$la5er %8 Basic Fighter Tactics %# The Dicta Boelcke %# 0o!!on Maneu6ers *& 2 Part I: Historical Background Historical I: Part )he Red Baron+s Dr'I Baron+s Red )he P%oto: ,ikipedia Aerobask Introduction 0ongratulations on your purchase of the Aerobask Fokker Dr.I for 1,2lane 1&. This aircra"t is 6er5 di"ferent fro! our $re6ious products – usually we o"fer you renditions of very modern *%st century aircra"t8 such as the E$ic 9ictor5: the Fokker Dr.I8 built in earl5 *&th centur58 is the co!$lete o$$osite. And it has a histor5. A$out t%e Dr'I The Dr.I is a tri$lane8 which is a rare thing in itself. The Dr.I is also one of the !ost fa!ous fighter aircra"t. In late ;orld War I it )as an answer to the earlier British So$)ith Tri$lane which had been a real danger to the 4er!ans since No6e!ber 1#%6.% Ant%on4 Fokker- de6eloper of t%e Dr'I The Dr.I )as a successful fighter during the final months of the war8 but it had so!e shortco!ings, such as slo) s$eed8 short range8 unreliable engines and wing failures due to the tri$lane conce$t. -
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6"X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing theUMI World’s Information since 1938 300 North Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8820321 Operational art and the German command system in World War I Meyer, Bradley John, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1088 by Meyer, Bradley John. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 OPERATIONAL ART AND THE GERMAN COMMAND SYSTEM IN WORLD WAR I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Bradley J. -
THE BATTLE of FRANCE (July 19 to August 29, 1944)
THE BATTLE OF FRANCE (July 19 to August 29, 1944) N our last issue's review of the invasion battle 31. This breakthrough decided the entire cam we pointed out two remarkable facts. viz.• paign. Another wave of US troop. advanoe!l I (1) that only one major landing operation had east from Granville to Villedieu to CO-<lperate been carried out during the first six weeks, and with formatioJlB furt,her t.o the northeast ill (2) that the number of troops pumped into the protecting the left Bank of the main thruli,. comparatively narrow bridgehead was out of Several German attacks against this flank in the proportion to the area then at the disposal of the area of Tessy. VilJedieu. and Mortain. which u Allied Command. Although this seemed to indicate one time narrowed the American corridor of that General Eisenhower intended to concentrate Avranches to twenty kilometers. had to be aban. all hi' available forces for a push from this one doned, as the sout.hward advance of the Britilh bridgehead. the German High Command could not 2nd Army from the region of Caumont threatened be sure of that and had therefore to maintain con· the rear of the German divisioJlB. The fate of the siderable forces all along the far·Bung coasts of campaign in FTance was sealed: what was at stake Europe. a factor which limited the forces opposing now was no longer tbe fat.e of French territory the Normandy invaders and gave the Allies a vast but that of the German armiCl in France. -
The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 18, ISSUE 2 Studies “Lessons learned” in WWI: The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917 Christian Stachelbeck The Battle of Arras in the spring of 1917 marked the beginning of the major allied offensives on the western front. The attack by the British 1st Army (Horne) and 3rd Army (Allenby) was intended to divert attention from the French main offensive under General Robert Nivelle at the Chemin des Dames (Nivelle Offensive). 1 The French commander-in-chief wanted to force the decisive breakthrough in the west. Between 9 and 12 April, the British had succeeded in penetrating the front across a width of 18 kilometres and advancing around six kilometres, while the Canadian corps (Byng), deployed for the first time in closed formation, seized the ridge near Vimy, which had been fiercely contested since late 1914.2 The success was paid for with the bloody loss of 1 On the German side, the battles at Arras between 2 April and 20 May 1917 were officially referred to as Schlacht bei Arras (Battle of Arras). In Canada, the term Battle of Vimy Ridge is commonly used for the initial phase of the battle. The seizure of Vimy ridge was a central objective of the offensive and was intended to secure the protection of the northern flank of the 3rd Army. 2 For detailed information on this, see: Jack Sheldon, The German Army on Vimy Ridge 1914-1917 (Barnsley: Pen&Sword Military, 2008), p. 8. Sheldon's book, however, is basically a largely indiscriminate succession of extensive quotes from regimental histories, diaries and force files from the Bavarian War Archive (Kriegsarchiv) in Munich. -
Military Tribunal, Indictments
MILITARY TRIBUNALS Case No. 12 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -against- WILHELM' VON LEEB, HUGO SPERRLE, GEORG KARL FRIEDRICH-WILHELM VON KUECHLER, JOHANNES BLASKOWITZ, HERMANN HOTH, HANS REINHARDT. HANS VON SALMUTH, KARL HOL LIDT, .OTTO SCHNmWIND,. KARL VON ROQUES, HERMANN REINECKE., WALTERWARLIMONT, OTTO WOEHLER;. and RUDOLF LEHMANN. Defendants OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY (US) NORNBERG 1947 • PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/c6a171/ TABLE OF CONTENTS - Page INTRODUCTORY 1 COUNT ONE-CRIMES AGAINST PEACE 6 A Austria 'and Czechoslovakia 7 B. Poland, France and The United Kingdom 9 C. Denmark and Norway 10 D. Belgium, The Netherland.; and Luxembourg 11 E. Yugoslavia and Greece 14 F. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 17 G. The United states of America 20 . , COUNT TWO-WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: CRIMES AGAINST ENEMY BELLIGERENTS AND PRISONERS OF WAR 21 A: The "Commissar" Order , 22 B. The "Commando" Order . 23 C, Prohibited Labor of Prisoners of Wal 24 D. Murder and III Treatment of Prisoners of War 25 . COUNT THREE-WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS 27 A Deportation and Enslavement of Civilians . 29 B. Plunder of Public and Private Property, Wanton Destruc tion, and Devastation not Justified by Military Necessity. 31 C. Murder, III Treatment and Persecution 'of Civilian Popu- lations . 32 COUNT FOUR-COMMON PLAN OR CONSPIRACY 39 APPENDIX A-STATEMENT OF MILITARY POSITIONS HELD BY THE DEFENDANTS AND CO-PARTICIPANTS 40 2 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/c6a171/ INDICTMENT -
The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy. -
8 Oberste Kommandobehörden Und Dienststellen Der Wehrmacht
8.1.1 Adjutantur der Wehrmacht beim Führer 427 8 OBERSTE KOMMANDOBEHÖRDEN UND DIENSTSTELLEN DER WEHRMACHT Die schriftliche Überlieferung der Kommandobehörden, Stäbe, Truppenteile und Dienst- stellen der Wehrmacht aus der Zeit der Aufrüstung ab 1933 und dem Zweiten Welt- krieg ist zu einem großen Teil, insbesondere auch durch die Vernichtung der Bestände des Heeresarchivs in Potsdam durch einen Luftangriff im April 1945, nur sehr un- vollständig. Sie wird bis auf kleinere Bestände im früheren Militärarchiv der DDR in Potsdam und Bestände des Kriegsarchivs der Waffen-SS in der Tschechoslowakei überwiegend im Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv in Freiburg verwahrt und ist in der Über- sicht DAS BUNDES ARCHIV UND SEINE BESTÄNDE, 3. Aufl. 1977, S. 158-187, 203-263, 271-295, 299-340 hinreichend beschrieben. Im folgenden werden lediglich Bestände durch ergänzende Angaben oder Verweise berücksichtigt, die Quellen zur all- gemeinen politischen Geschichte, vor allem zum Verhältnis zur NSDAP und zur zivilen Verwaltung, oder zur Geschichte einzelner Regionen im späteren Gebiet der Bundesre- publik Deutschland enthalten. Schriftgut der Wehrmachtgerichtsbarkeit ist im Abschnitt 3.2.2.2 behandelt. Ergänzungsüberlieferung findet sich häufig in Akten des Sachgebiets Zivile Reichsverteidigung der Behörden der allgemeinen inneren Verwaltung (Kapitel 2), die Gegenüberlieferung ziviler Rüstungsdienststellen wird im Abschnitt 6.1.4 nach- gewiesen. LÌL: SCHRIFTEN ZUM STAATSAUFBAU 25, 26 und 31/32. 1939. - R. ABSOLON: Die Wehrmacht im Dritten Reich. 6 Bde. 1969 ff. - F. Frh. v. SŒGLER: Die höheren Dienststellen der deutschen Wehrmacht 1933-1945. 1953. - B. MUELLER-HILLEBRAND: Das Heer 1933-1945. 3 Bde. 1954-1969. - W. LOH- MANN und H. H. HILDEBRAND: Die deutsche Kriegsmarine 1939-1945. -
1St Battle of the Marne - Setup Order
1st Battle of the Marne - Setup order 1 x3 Rebais Coulornmiers French Fifth Army British 2 x1 Expeditionary Force 3 x1 4 x4 Meaux Marne River 5 x5 German 2nd Army French 6th Army 6 x10 German 1st Army Monthyon 7 x9 8 x3 Historical Background The 1st Battle of the Marne took place between 5th and 11th September,1914. The most important consequence of the battle was that the French and British forces were able to prevent the German plan for a swift and decisive victory. 9 x2 At the end of August 1914, the three armies of the German invasion's northern wing were sweeping south towards Paris. The French 5th and 6th Armies and the British Expeditionary Force were in retreat. General Alexander von Kluck , commander of the German 1st Army, was ordered to encircle Paris from the east. Expecting the German Army to capture Paris, the French government departed for Bordeaux. About 500,000 French civilians also left Paris by 3rd September. Joseph Joffre, the Commander-in-Chief of the French forces, ordered his men to retreat to a line along the River Seine, southeast of Paris and over 60km south of the Marne. Joffre planned to attack the German 1st Army on 6th September and decided to replace General Charles Lanrezac, the commander of the 5th Army, with the more 10 x2 aggressive, General Franchet D'Esperey. The commander of the BEF, Sir John French, agreed to join the attaqck on the German forces. General Michel Maunoury and the French 6th Army attacked the German 1st Army on the morning of 6th September.