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CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS Aator Del Aclamado Dios No Es Bueno Dios No Existe

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CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS Aator Del Aclamado Dios No Es Bueno Dios No Existe LECTURAS ESENCIALES PARA EL NO CREYENTE escogidas y presentadas por CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS aator del aclamado Dios no es bueno Dios no existe Lecturas esenciales para el no creyente CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS La editorial ha intentado por todos 10s medios localizar y contactar a 10s propietarios de 10s derechos de 10s textos a uireproducidos. Si, apesar de ello, existen errores u omisiones, la editorij se compromete a subsanar en futuras ediciones aauellos aue le Sean advertidos. reconociendo tarnbiin la titularidad de 10s bropietirios de 10s derechos de reproducci6n y su de- recho a percibir las remuneraciones que pudieran ~orres~onderles. Crkditos y permisos en la pig. 649 Titulo original: The Portable Atheist Primera edici6n: mayo de 2009 O 2007, Christopher Hitchens, por la introducci6n O 2009, de la presente edici6n en castellano para Espafia y Amirica Latina: Random House Mondadori, S. A. Travessera de Gricia, 47-49. 08021 Barcelona Quedan prohibidos, dentro de 10s limites establecidos en la ley y bajo 10s apercibimientos legalmente previstos, la reproducci6n total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier rnedio o procedimiento, ya sea electr6nico o me- cinico, el tratamiento informbtico, el alquiler o cualquier otra forma de cesi6n de la obra sin la autorizaci6n previa y por escrito de 10s titulares del copyright. Dirijase a CEDRO (Centro Espafiol de Derechos Reprogri- ficos, http:llwww.cedro.org) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algun frag- mento de esta obra. Printed in Spain - Impreso en Espaiia ISBN: 978-84-8306-824-3 Dep6sito legal: M-12.240-2009 Compuesto en Fotocomposici6n 2000, S. A. Impreso y encuadernado en DCdalo Offset Ctra. de Fuenlabrada, s/n (Madrid) Dedicado a la memoria de Primo Levi (1919-1987), que tuvo la forta- leza moral de rechazar falsos consuelos incluso cuando era sometido en Auschwitz a1 proceso de ccseleccibnv: Poco a poco, prevalece el silencio y entonces, desde mi litera que esti en el tercer piso, se ve y se oye que el viejo Kuhn reza, en voz alta, con la gorra en la cabeza y oscilando el busto con violencia. Kuhn da gracias a Dios porque no ha sido elegido. Kuhn es un insensato. 2No ve, en la litera de a1 lado, a Beppo el Grie- go que tiene veinte aiios y pasado maiiana iri a1 gas, y lo sabe, y estl acos- tad0 y mira fijamente a la bombilla sin decir nada y sin pensar en nada? NO sabe Kuhn que la pr6xima vez serl la suya? ;No comprende Kuhn que hoy ha sucedido una abominaci6n que ninguna oraci6n propiciatoria, ningn perdh, ninguna expiaci6n de 10s culpables, nada, en fin, que estt en poder del hombre hacer, podri remediar ya nunca? Si yo fuese Dios, escupiria a1 suelo la oraci6n de Kuhn. PRIMOLEVI. Si esto es un hombre Tambiin yo he entrado en el Lager como no creyente, y como no creyente he sido liberado y he vivido hasta hoy; la experiencia del Lager, su iniquidad espantosa, mis bien me ha confirmado en mi laicismo. Me ha impedido, y todavia me impide, concebir cualquier clase de providencia o de justicia trascendente. [. .] Debo admitir, sin embargo, haber sentido (y de nuevo una sola vez) la tentaci6n de ceder, de buscar refugio en la ora- cibn. Sucedi6 en octubre de 1944, en el Gnico momento en que me he dado cuenta lkidamente de la inminencia de la muerte, cuando, desnudo y apretujado entre compaiieros desnudos, con mi ficha personal en la mano, esperaba desfilar ante la c(comisi6n~que debia decidir, con una ojea- da, si iria enseguida a la cimara de gas o si, por el contrario, estaba lo sufi- cientemente fuerte para seguir trabajando. Durante un instante, he sentido la necesidad de pedir ayuda y refugio. Desputs, a pesar de la angustia, se ha impuesto la ecuanirnidad: no se cambian las reglas del juego a1 final de la partida ni cuando estis perdiendo. Una oraci6n en aquellas circunstancias habria sido no solo absurda (jquC derechos podia reclamar?, ja quitn?), sin0 tambiCn blasfemia, obscenidad, llena de la mayor impiedad de la que es capaz un no creyente. Dejt de lado aquella tentaci6n: sabia que asi, si so- brevivia, no tendria que avergonzarme. PRIMOLEVI, LAX hundidos y 10s salvados Agradecimientos ..................................... 13 Introducci6n de Christopher Hitchens ....................... 15 1. LUCRECIO.de De rerum natura (De la naturaleza de las cosas) ......................................... 33 2. OMARJAYAM. de 10s Rubhiyhf ....................... 40 4 . BARUCHSPINOZA. Tratado teolbgico-politico ............ 59 5. DAVIDHUME. Historia natural de la religibn ............ 66 De 10s milagros ................................. 74 6 . JAMESBOSWELL. Relacibn de mi Gltima entrevista con David Hume ................................... 91 7 . PERCYBYSSHE SHELLEY. Una refutacibn del deismo ....... 96 8. JOHNSTUART MILL. Influencias morales en la primera juventud. de Autobiografia .......................... 105 9 . KARLMARX. Contribucibn a la critica de la filosofia del derecho de Hegel ............................... 114 10. GEORGEELIOT. Enseiianza evangilica ................. 129 11. CHARLESDARWIN. Autobiografia ..................... 152 10 INDICE 12. LESLIESTEPHEN. Apologia de un agn6stico ........... 13. ANATOLEFRANCE. Milagro ...................... 14. MARKTWAIN. Ideas sobre Dios. de Fables ofMan ...... Enseiianza de la Biblia y prictica religiosa. de Europe and Elsewhere y A Pen Warmed Up In Hell .............. I5. JOSEPHCONRAD. Nota del autor a La linea de sombra .... 16. THOMASHARDY. ((El funeral de Dioso ................. 193 17. EMMAGOLDMAN. La filosofia del ateismo .............. 197 18. H . l? LOVECRAFT.Carta sobre la religi6n ............... 204 19. CARLVAN DOREN.Por qu6 no soy creyente ............. 209 20 . H . L. MENCKEN.Responso ......................... 215 21 . SIGMUNDFREUD. de El porvenir de una ilusi6n ............ 219 22 . ALBERTEINSTEIN. Selecci6n de textos sobre la religi6n ..... 229 23 . GEORGEORWELL. de La hija del reverend0 ............... 242 24 . JOHNBETJEMAN. ((En la abadia de Westminster)) .......... 244 25 . CHAPMANCOHEN. Monism0 y religi6n ................ 246 Una vieja historia ............................... 257 26 . BERTRANDRUSSELL. Compendia de pacotilla intelectual .... 261 27 . PHILIPLARKIN. ((Albadan ........................... 296 ((Visits a una iglesiab ............................. 299 28 . MARTINGARDNER. El Judio Errante y la Segunda Venida ....................................... 301 29 . CARLSAGAN. El rnundo y sus demonios ............... 310 La hip6tesis de Dios ............................. 321 30 . JOHNUPDIKE. de La versidn de Roger .................. 338 31. J . L . MACKIE.Conclusiones e implicaciones. de El milagyo del teismo: argumentos a favor y en contra de la existencia de Dios ... 347 32 . MICHAELSHERMER. Volviendo sobre el Gknesis: Una historia cient&ca de la creacidn ........................ 375 33. A .J.AYER. Este territorio desconocido ................ 378 34 . DANIELC . DENNETT.Thank goodness! ................. 387 35 . CHARLESTEMPLETON. de A Farewell to God Apuntes personales .............................. 393 Preguntas que hacerse a uno rnismo .................. 397 36 . RICHARDDAWKINS. Por quk es casi seguro que no existe Dios. de El espejismo de Dios ........................ 400 Geriniol ...................................... 424 Ateos por JesGs ................................. 427 37 . VICTORSTENGER. de God:The Failed Hypothesis Pruebas c6smicas ................................ 432 38 . DANIELC . DENNETT.Una definici6n de la religi6n. de ((BreakingWhich Spell?)) ........................ 453 39 . ELIZABETHANDERSON. Si Dios ha muerto. itodo esti permitido? .................................... 459 40 . PENNJILLETTE. Dios no existe ....................... 480 41 . IANMCEWAN .Blues del fin del mundo ................ 482 42 . STEVENWEINBERG. 2Y quk pasa con Dios? De El sueiio de una teodajnal ....................... 501 43 . SALMANRUSHDIE. dmagina que el cielo no existes: Carta a1 seis mil millonksimo ciudadano del mundo .......... 519 44 . IBNWARRAQ. El Corin. de Por quk no soy musulmtin ....... 525 La naturaleza totalitaria del islam .................... 602 45 . SAMHARRIS. A la sombra de Dios. de Eljn de la> ........ 614 46 . A . C. GRAYLING,2Puede ser fundamentalista un ateo? De Against All Gods .............................. 638 47 . AYAANHIRSI ALI. C6mo (y por qu6) me hice infiel ....... 643 Crkditos y autorizaciones ............................... 649 hadiceaEfabktico ..................................... 655 Agradecimientos Mi mis sentida gratitud a mi agente, Steve Wasserman, y a mi editor, Ben Schafer, por la colaboracibn que dio pie a este libro. Puedo decir sin miedo a equivocarme que sin la dedicaci6n y habilidad de Lori Hoblurk como correctora y directora del proyecto, y de Cliff Corcoran como res- ponsable de derechos y contratacibn, la amplitud y el alcance de la an- tologia se habrian visto bastante mermados. Cuando acusaron a Isaac Newton de plagio cientifico (probable- mente con razbn), 61 tuvo la prudencia de decir (plagiando, tambiin en este caso, un agradecimiento antiguo) que se habia subido ((ahombros de gigantest).En este esherzo, como en todos 10s mios, tengo una deu- da enorme con un grupo reducido per0 cada vez mayor de racionalistas fervorosos que rechazan las pretensiones absurdas y malvadas de la reli- gibn, y buscan respuestas en las maravillas y complejidades de la ciencia. No podria expresar lo orgulloso que estoy de que Salman Rushdie, Ian McEwan y Ayaan Hirsi Ali hayan aportado obras inkditas a esta antolo- gia. En el imbito de las ciencias naturales y fisicas, 10s esherzos de Ri- chard
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