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Celtic Religions DATED: 17/05/2017
MODULE CODE: HPCS4006 TITLE: Celtic Religions DATED: 17/05/2017 LEVEL: 4 CREDITS: 20 JACS CODE: Q500 AIM(S) To enable students to understand, and analyse the evidence for religious concepts and habitual practices in ‘Celtic-speaking’ regions across Europe between the 5th century BC and the 4th century AD To enable students to understand and engage with scholarly approaches to the study of rituals and religions in the ancient Celtic world To chart and analyse unity and diversity of religious concepts and practices in the ancient Celtic world LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon the successful completion of this module, the student should: display an understanding of and be able to analyse the diverse types of surviving evidence for Celtic religious activity between the 5th century BC and the 4th century AD; demonstrate a coherent knowledge of specific Celtic ‘religions’ and their religious ideas and practices; demonstrate a good understanding of the historical, social, political and religious contexts of Celtic religions, and how these affect our interpretation of religious practices and ideas; engage with modern scholarly approaches to Celtic religions and rituals, and relate this engagement to independent evaluations of the habitual and ritual practices of ancient religions, their thought-systems and their role(s) in ancient societies from the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD. INDICATIVE CONTENT Greek and Roman authors have painted a vivid picture of ‘Celtic religion’ in antiquity ever since their first encounter with ethnic groups whom they collectively called Keltoi or Galli. Classical works like Caesar’s ‘De Bello Gallico’ (Gallic Wars) are the source of our knowledge of Celtic religious practices, of priesthoods like the druids, and of the alleged human sacrifice practiced in Celtic societies. -
Druidic Syncretism and the Four Branches
Appendix Druidic Syncretism and the Four Branches Archaeologists have sometimes described the black waters of the lower Thames as the ‘British Ganges’, alluding to the ritual depositions lavished upon it by its Iron Age and Late Bronze Age devotees. This is by no means the only comparison that might be made with the religious landscape of Hindu India. With its ‘ten thousand gods’; its elaborate calendrical systems; its sacred animals and food taboos and its adherence to the doctrine of reincarnation, the Brahmanic system offers a number of parallels with what we can ascertain about native British religious traditions from the combined testimony of the archaeological and literary evidence. Had the religious life of Iron Age Britain continued to develop in comparable isolation, we might expect something analogous to modern Hinduism to have evolved as the centuries progressed – a possibility that is enhanced by the shared Indo-European background (although the influence of local pre-Indo-European substrates in both cases should not be underestimated). One feature of the Hindu system that we can see beginning to emerge in the Gallo-Brittonic world was a marked tendency towards syncretism and public ritual, offsetting the tendency towards localism and diversity that otherwise characterised this essentially parochial religious culture. It was evidently under the auspices of an increasingly centralised druidic priesthood that certain pan-tribal cults were spread throughout the Celtic-speaking world in the Late Iron Age: notably those of Lugus (c.f. p. 498), Belenus (c.f. p. 273), Cernunnos (c.f. p. 36 n. 63), Epona (c.f. p. -
The Language(S) of the Callaeci Eugenio R
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 16 5-3-2006 The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martinez Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 16. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martínez, Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Abstract Although there is no direct extant record of the language spoken by any of the peoples of ancient Callaecia, some linguistic information can be recovered through the analysis of the names (personal names, names of deities, ethnonyms, and place-names) that occur in Latin inscriptions and in ancient Greek and Latin sources. These names prove the presence of speakers of a Celtic language in this area, but there are also names of other origins. Keywords Onomastics, place-names, Palaeohispanic languages, epigraphy, historical linguistics 1. Introduction1 In this paper I will try to provide a general overview of the linguistic situation in ancient Callaecia by analyzing the linguistic evidence provided both by the literary and the epigraphic sources available in this westernmost area of continental Europe. -
Funde Und Ausgrabungen Im Bezirk Trier 23, 1991
Zwei römische Bronzeinschriften vom Barsberg, Kr. Daun Weihung und Patronatstafel (?) Sehr viel seltener als Inschriften auf Stein sind uns Inschriften auf Bronze aus der Römerzeit erhalten geblieben. Und dabei bergen gelegentlich gerade Bronzeinschriften Dokumente eines besonderen Inhaltes. Außer für Kleinin schriften wurden in römischer Zeit Bronzetafeln zur Beurkundung wichtiger Rechtsakte verwandt. Aus Trier ist so zum Beispiel jüngst der Rest eines Militärdiploms, der Entlassungsurkunde eines wohl einheimischen Soldaten aus dem römischen Militärdienst mit einhergehender Bürgerrechtsverleihung, bekannt geworden (Binsfeld). Etwas zahlreicher sind auch aus unserer Region Weihinschriften auf Bronze, die eine Verehrung der Götter bezeugen. Auf dem zur Gemeinde Bongard (Kr. Daun) gehörigen Barsberg sind nun im Sommer 1988 zwei römerzeitliche Bronzetafeln mit Inschriften gefunden worden. Die Fundstelle ist bekannt als vorgeschichtliche Befestigungsanlage, die in römischer Zeit auch in den Wirren um 275 n. Chr. und in der 1. Hälfte des 4. Jahrhunderts erneut aufgesucht worden ist (Gilles 224 f.). Bereits beim ersten Anblick drängt sich der Eindruck auf, daß beide Tafeln in irgendeiner 'Form zusammengehören. Die erste Tafel (Abb. 1-2) trägt eine vollständig erhaltene Weihinschrift auf der Vorderseite (Abb. 1). Die Tafel ist 8,6 x 7,3 cm groß bei einer Dicke von 1,8 mm durchschnittlich. Die Tafel ist wohl vor dem Eingravieren der In schrift zurechtgeschnitten worden. Die vollständige Inschrift nimmt mit ihren Zeilenenden und Worttrennungen auf die Ränder und einen abgearbeiteten älteren Streifen unter der Oberkante Rücksicht. Zu lesen ist: Deo Marti Vol/mioni L(ucius) Ac/ceptius Minu/sus ex voto Dem Gott Mars Volmio hat Lucius Acceptius Minusus auf Grund eines Gelübdes (die Weihung dargebracht). -
CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS Aator Del Aclamado Dios No Es Bueno Dios No Existe
LECTURAS ESENCIALES PARA EL NO CREYENTE escogidas y presentadas por CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS aator del aclamado Dios no es bueno Dios no existe Lecturas esenciales para el no creyente CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS La editorial ha intentado por todos 10s medios localizar y contactar a 10s propietarios de 10s derechos de 10s textos a uireproducidos. Si, apesar de ello, existen errores u omisiones, la editorij se compromete a subsanar en futuras ediciones aauellos aue le Sean advertidos. reconociendo tarnbiin la titularidad de 10s bropietirios de 10s derechos de reproducci6n y su de- recho a percibir las remuneraciones que pudieran ~orres~onderles. Crkditos y permisos en la pig. 649 Titulo original: The Portable Atheist Primera edici6n: mayo de 2009 O 2007, Christopher Hitchens, por la introducci6n O 2009, de la presente edici6n en castellano para Espafia y Amirica Latina: Random House Mondadori, S. A. Travessera de Gricia, 47-49. 08021 Barcelona Quedan prohibidos, dentro de 10s limites establecidos en la ley y bajo 10s apercibimientos legalmente previstos, la reproducci6n total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier rnedio o procedimiento, ya sea electr6nico o me- cinico, el tratamiento informbtico, el alquiler o cualquier otra forma de cesi6n de la obra sin la autorizaci6n previa y por escrito de 10s titulares del copyright. Dirijase a CEDRO (Centro Espafiol de Derechos Reprogri- ficos, http:llwww.cedro.org) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algun frag- mento de esta obra. Printed in Spain - Impreso en Espaiia ISBN: 978-84-8306-824-3 Dep6sito legal: M-12.240-2009 Compuesto en Fotocomposici6n 2000, S. A. Impreso y encuadernado en DCdalo Offset Ctra. -
CELTIC MYTHOLOGY Ii
i CELTIC MYTHOLOGY ii OTHER TITLES BY PHILIP FREEMAN The World of Saint Patrick iii ✦ CELTIC MYTHOLOGY Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes PHILIP FREEMAN 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Philip Freeman 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–046047–1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v CONTENTS Introduction: Who Were the Celts? ix Pronunciation Guide xvii 1. The Earliest Celtic Gods 1 2. The Book of Invasions 14 3. The Wooing of Étaín 29 4. Cú Chulainn and the Táin Bó Cuailnge 46 The Discovery of the Táin 47 The Conception of Conchobar 48 The Curse of Macha 50 The Exile of the Sons of Uisliu 52 The Birth of Cú Chulainn 57 The Boyhood Deeds of Cú Chulainn 61 The Wooing of Emer 71 The Death of Aife’s Only Son 75 The Táin Begins 77 Single Combat 82 Cú Chulainn and Ferdia 86 The Final Battle 89 vi vi | Contents 5. -
„LITANIA” DO CELTYCKIEJ BOGINI „Litanię”
ROCZNIKI HUMANISTYCZNE Tom XXXIV, zeszyt 2 - 1986 EDWARD ZWOLSKI Lublin „LITANIA” DO CELTYCKIEJ BOGINI „Litanię” układam z wezwań, kierowanych do bogini w ziemiach celtyckich od luzytańskiego zachodu i brytyjsko-iryjskiej północy po italskie południe i galacki wschód. Za wezwania biorę żeńskie imiona boskie z napisów na ołtarzach, coko łach, płytach dedykacyjnych i wotywnych. Pewne jawią się często, inne rzadko, nawet raz, ale wszystkie są „mowne”, ponieważ do bogini celtyckiej, nie wspiera nej powagą państwa, modlił się człowiek, który w nią wierzył. Starałem się odszukać wszystkie imiona. Nie wszystkie włączam do litanii, bo pewne, jak Navia w Hiszpanii, w Galii zaś: Acionna, Ancamna, Alauna, Ica, Icauna, Icovellauna, Soio i Qnuava, chociaż w części lub całości brzmią po celtyc- ku, swego znaczenia nie odsłaniają. Dzieła, po które sięgałem szukając napisów: Przede wszystkim berliński Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (skrót: CIL); dla Galii Narbońskiej - vol. XII, ed. O. Hirschfeld, 1888; dla trzech Galii (Lugduńskiej, Belgijskiej, Akwitańskiej) i obu Germanii (Górnej i Dolnej, założonych na ziemiach celtyckich) - vol. XIII, ed. A. Domaszewski, O. Bohn et E. Stein, 1899-1943 (praktycznie do 1916 r.); dla ziem dunajskich i Wschodu - vol. III, ed. Th. Mommsen, O. Hirschfeld et A. Domaszewski, 1873 (Supplementa, 1889-1902); dla Galu italskiej, vol. V, ed. Th. Mommsen, 1872-1877. Przedłużają CIL: Tom XII: E. Esperandieu, Inscriptions latines de Gaule (Narbonnaise), Paris 1929 (skrót: ILG). Tom XIII: H. Finke, Neue Inschriften, 17. Bericht der Römischgermanischen Kom mission, 1927, Berlin 1929 (skrót: 17, BRGK); H. Nesselhauf, Neue Inschriften aus dem römischen Germanien und den angrenzenden Gebieten, 27. BRGK, 1937, Berlin 1939 (skrót: 27. BRGK); F. -
I. General Index
I. GENERAL INDEX Achilles, 121, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, Apollo Cunomaglus, 144 n.12, 169, 130 216, cat. #600 actarius, cat. #24, 231 Apollo Grannus, cat. #439 Adonis, 128 Aponius Rogatianus, 89, cat. #425 Aelius (nomen), cat. #27, 116, 145, Apulum, 66 313, 453, 584 aquila, 38, 44 n.166 Aelius Caesar, L., 34 n.124, 35, 215 aquilifer, 9 Aelius Secundus, 158 n.3 architectus, 173 Aelius Seius, L., 15 Arciaco, 30, 213, cat. #538 Aeneas, 18, 122, 130 Arecurius, 211, cat. #539 Aeon, 95 Ares, 152 Aesculapius (Asclepius), 142 n.2, 143, Armilustrium, 37, 38, cat. #2, 3 144, 150, 166, 169, 170, 208, 214, Arnomecta, cat. #540 cat. #90, 285-289 Arrius (nomen), cat. #222, 300, 368 Agamemnon, 55, 124, 127 Artemis, 62, 128, 144 n.5, 170 n.66 Agricola, 212 Aspuanis, 210, cat. #653 Agrippina II, 25 n.61, 43 n.164 Astarte, cat. #384 Ahriman, 76, 77, 87, 211, cat. #418 Athena, 152 Ahura, 72, 76, 95 Attis, 87, 116 n.63, 174-176 Ajax, 125 n.93 Attonius Quintianus, 143, cat. #607 Alaisiagae, 30, 153, 214, Audagus, 210, cat. #544 cat. #695-697 Augustine of Canterbury, 9, 197, 198 Alaric, 185 n.72, 200 Alban, 197, 198, 200 Augustine of Hippo, 189 Albiorix, 124 Augustus, 14 n.5, 15, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, Alemanni, 187 28 n.87, 32 n.113, 35, 39, 40 n.148, Alexander, 55, 75, 176 41 n.150, 48, 62, 128, 168 n.56, 177 Alexandria, 25 Augustus/a (epithet), 20, 35, 49, 50, Allectus, 3, 52 n.206, 183 51-53, 54, 165 n.38, 207, 208, 214, Ambrosius Aurelianus, 188 cat. -
The Chinese Dragon - Page 5
2015 ISSUE No. 15 MAR - APR 2016 NewAcropolis Philosophy and Education for the Future Bi-Monthly Magazine Is Morality Relative?- Page 3 The Chinese Dragon - Page 5 Invisible Egypt - Page 8 Upcoming Saying it Right – Page 4 Events page 9 Doing it Right By Michael Lassman EDITORIAL History has often been described as a series of pendulum swings, and ideas and words can also oscillate between different meanings. This can be very confusing because we might refer to very different things when using the same word. For example, individual and individualism seem to have taken on rather different connotations over time. What’s In classical antiquity, many philosophers held the view that we are not born as individuals but that we become individuals by the gradual process of integrating all the different Inside aspects of ourselves into a whole and enabling the best part of ourselves to guide our actions. This view was in many aspects reflected in C.G. Jung’s idea of individuation. In the Renaissance, the renewed interest in the concept of the individual redefined our relationship with the world. Instead of being a passive spectator of a static medieval Is Morality Relative? world order, we became an active and co-creative participant in a dynamicBi-Monthly world where page 3 every part was interconnected and every action therefore affected everything else. This awareness of the potential of the human being and the endeavour to develop this Saying it Right – Doing it Right potential through education became the guiding spirit of the time. The goal was a new page 4 and better world, achieved through a new and better human being. -
General Index
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47945-5 — Rome: An Empire of Many Nations Edited by Jonathan J. Price , Margalit Finkelberg , Yuval Shahar Index More Information General Index Aaron, Biblical character, 237 Amphipolis, 162 Abdera, 44, 47 Amsterdam, 17 Abel, Félix-Marie, 284 Amyntas, king of Galatia, 109 Abonou Teichos, 159 Ananias, 209 Abraham, Biblical character, 175, 237 Anatolia, 23, 106, 114, 179 Achaia, 33 Anchises, 87, 90 Achilles, 21, 90, 95, 96–97 Ando, Clifford, 134 Achilles Tatius, 149, 159 Andrade, Nathanael, 209, 213 Achilleum, 91 Annaeus Seneca, L. (Minor), 38, 87, 151, Actium, 100, 104, 106, 148, 192, 194–195 164, 183 Adan-Bayewitz, David, 288 Annius Milo, T., 54 Adiabene, 214 Antamonides, 45 Aegean, 92, 179 Antioch, 20, 24–25, 111, 253, 256, 292 Aegyptus. See Egypt Antioch (Pisidia), 32, 109, 113, 281 Aelia Capitolina, 110, 270 Antiochus III, 209 Aelius Aristides Theodorus, P., 101, 113, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 212 140–141, 223 Antiochus V Eupater, 209 Aelius Coeranus, P., 33 Antipater the Idumaean (Antipas), 213 Aelius Donatus, 46 Antipatris, 268, 280 Aelius Stilo Praeconius, L., 137 Antistius Rusticus, L., 32 Aeneas, 20, 87, 89, 93, 95–97, 171 Antium, 20 Aesculapius, 122 Antius A. Iulius Quadratus, C., 32, 34, 37 Africa, 32, 33–35, 37, 40, 46, 55, 148, 178, Antoninus, 246–254, 258, 262–264, 268, 255, 267 See also Caracalla and Elagabalus Agamemnon, 89–90 Antoninus Pius, 37, 136, 139, 144, 247 Agathias, 105 Antonius Diogenes, 151 Agrippa II, 258, 292, 296 Antonius, M., 19–21, 195 Aila (ʻAqaba), 283 Apamea, 32, 108 Ajax, 24, 96 Apamea, lake, 256 Akko, 289 Aphrodisias, 114, 177, 232 Akko-Ptolemais, 275 Aphrodite, 161, See also Venus Al Lajjun (Transjordan), 284 Apollo, 117–118, 122, 125, 127, See also Albanum, 157 Phoebos Alcibiades, 47 Apollo Klarios, 160 Alcmene, 126–127 Apollonia, 106–109, 113, 115 Alexander the Great, 92, 98, 108, 148, 158, 248 Apollonius of Tyana, 114 Alexandria, 19–20, 24, 33, 143, 191, 213, 231, Appian, 152 236, 244, 246, 247–248, 256, 261 Apuleius Madaurensis, L., 159, 184 Alexianus. -
Robert Graves the White Goddess
ROBERT GRAVES THE WHITE GODDESS IN DEDICATION All saints revile her, and all sober men Ruled by the God Apollo's golden mean— In scorn of which I sailed to find her In distant regions likeliest to hold her Whom I desired above all things to know, Sister of the mirage and echo. It was a virtue not to stay, To go my headstrong and heroic way Seeking her out at the volcano's head, Among pack ice, or where the track had faded Beyond the cavern of the seven sleepers: Whose broad high brow was white as any leper's, Whose eyes were blue, with rowan-berry lips, With hair curled honey-coloured to white hips. Green sap of Spring in the young wood a-stir Will celebrate the Mountain Mother, And every song-bird shout awhile for her; But I am gifted, even in November Rawest of seasons, with so huge a sense Of her nakedly worn magnificence I forget cruelty and past betrayal, Careless of where the next bright bolt may fall. FOREWORD am grateful to Philip and Sally Graves, Christopher Hawkes, John Knittel, Valentin Iremonger, Max Mallowan, E. M. Parr, Joshua IPodro, Lynette Roberts, Martin Seymour-Smith, John Heath-Stubbs and numerous correspondents, who have supplied me with source- material for this book: and to Kenneth Gay who has helped me to arrange it. Yet since the first edition appeared in 1946, no expert in ancient Irish or Welsh has offered me the least help in refining my argument, or pointed out any of the errors which are bound to have crept into the text, or even acknowledged my letters. -
Manifestaciones Religiosas De Los Cultores De Los Dii Selecti En Carpetania Romana*
Religious manifestations of the cultores of Dii Selecti in roman Carpetania Manifestaciones religiosas de los cultores de los Dii Selecti en Carpetania romana* José Carlos López Gómez Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [email protected] Fecha recepción 01.05.2017 / Fecha aceptación 30.09.2017 Resumen Abstract En este trabajo se aborda, a partir del análisis de This paper addresses the study of cultores of Ro- la epigrafía votiva, el estudio de los cultores en man Carpetania and their religious concerns Carpetania romana y sus inquietudes religiosas. through votive epigraphic data. Given the absence En ausencia de una información más precisa que of more precise information that would allow for permita abordar con éxito el análisis social de los a social analysis of the cultores, this work aims cultores, este trabajo pretende contribuir a la re- to contribute to the reflection on the meaning of flexión sobre el significado de las manifestaciones the religious manifestations of these individuals religiosas de estos individuos, contextualizándolas by contextualizing them in the socio-religious dentro del marco socio-religioso en el que fueron framework in which they were conceived, in oth- concebidas, esto es, en un momento en el que las er words, at a time when the more Roman cultural formas culturales y religiosas más propiamente ro- and religious forms were already fully established. * Este trabajo se inscribe en el proyecto de doctorado financiado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de España (FPU 2014), y en el proyecto de investigación ORINS (Oriental Religions in Spain), HAR2014-52531-P, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.