I. General Index

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

I. General Index I. GENERAL INDEX Achilles, 121, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, Apollo Cunomaglus, 144 n.12, 169, 130 216, cat. #600 actarius, cat. #24, 231 Apollo Grannus, cat. #439 Adonis, 128 Aponius Rogatianus, 89, cat. #425 Aelius (nomen), cat. #27, 116, 145, Apulum, 66 313, 453, 584 aquila, 38, 44 n.166 Aelius Caesar, L., 34 n.124, 35, 215 aquilifer, 9 Aelius Secundus, 158 n.3 architectus, 173 Aelius Seius, L., 15 Arciaco, 30, 213, cat. #538 Aeneas, 18, 122, 130 Arecurius, 211, cat. #539 Aeon, 95 Ares, 152 Aesculapius (Asclepius), 142 n.2, 143, Armilustrium, 37, 38, cat. #2, 3 144, 150, 166, 169, 170, 208, 214, Arnomecta, cat. #540 cat. #90, 285-289 Arrius (nomen), cat. #222, 300, 368 Agamemnon, 55, 124, 127 Artemis, 62, 128, 144 n.5, 170 n.66 Agricola, 212 Aspuanis, 210, cat. #653 Agrippina II, 25 n.61, 43 n.164 Astarte, cat. #384 Ahriman, 76, 77, 87, 211, cat. #418 Athena, 152 Ahura, 72, 76, 95 Attis, 87, 116 n.63, 174-176 Ajax, 125 n.93 Attonius Quintianus, 143, cat. #607 Alaisiagae, 30, 153, 214, Audagus, 210, cat. #544 cat. #695-697 Augustine of Canterbury, 9, 197, 198 Alaric, 185 n.72, 200 Alban, 197, 198, 200 Augustine of Hippo, 189 Albiorix, 124 Augustus, 14 n.5, 15, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, Alemanni, 187 28 n.87, 32 n.113, 35, 39, 40 n.148, Alexander, 55, 75, 176 41 n.150, 48, 62, 128, 168 n.56, 177 Alexandria, 25 Augustus/a (epithet), 20, 35, 49, 50, Allectus, 3, 52 n.206, 183 51-53, 54, 165 n.38, 207, 208, 214, Ambrosius Aurelianus, 188 cat. #59, 70, 72, 78, 95-97, Ammon, 172, 180-181 102-104, 107-110, 121, 256, 277, Andraste, 173 281, 317, 449, 610 Anicetus, 211, cat. #425 Aurelian, 27, 63 Annius Victor, 1 LS, cat. #579 Aurelius (nomen), cat. #9, 19, 26, 58, Antenociticus, 30, IO I, I 04, 111-120, 88, 110, 188, 207, 211, 229, 258, 276, 121, 159, 206, 207, 213, 287, 290, 360, 365, 396, 442, 494, cat. #535-537 550, 551, 570-572, 615, 628, 656 Antoninus Pius, 3, 29, 30, 32, 35, Aurelius Diotava, 114 n.5 7, cat. #551 47, 53, 57, 68, 148, 162, 203, Aurelius Nicanor, 114 n.5 7, 210, cat. cat. #139, 142, 404 #558 Anubis, 178 Aurelius Tasulus, 114 n.5 7, cat. #550 Apis, 62, 172, 176, 177, 190 Aurelius Victor, 210, cat. #656 Apollo, 13, 68, 69, 89, 103, 108, 116, 120, 121 n.75, 129, 144 n.15, 145, Babdh, 152 158, 191, 211, cat. #290--296, 301, Bacchus (Dionysus/Liber), 84 n.125, 380, 460-463 85, 86, 160, 162-163, 172 n. 70, Apollo Anextlomarus, cat. #438 177,192,204 376 GENERAL INDEX Baculo, 210, cat. #543 Cautes, 77, 85, 87, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, Barrex, 142 cat. #419 Baudillie, 153, cat. #697 Cautopates, 77, 83, 86, 87, 92, 95, Bede, cat. #695 176, cat. #420 Belatucadrus, 5, 30, 99, 104, 108, centurio (centurion), 57, 115, 145 n.19, 112-120, 124, 126, 142, 182, 206, 168,173,175,192,207,208, 209, 210, 213, cat. #541-569 cat. #77, 43 I, 506, 598 Bellerophon, 126 centurio cohortis, cat. #596, 686 Bellona, 14, cat. #302, 303 cenlurio legionis, cat. #13, 46, 62, 76, beneficiarius consularis, 114, 115, 79, 37, 105, 121, 150, 162, 191, cat. #111, 154, 205, 361, 365, 222, 224, 225, 283, 295, 300, 301, 387, 430, 476, 489, 520, 577 308,343,363,401, 40~ 407,460, bird, cat. #11 (crane or goose), 240, 463, 512, 526, 527, 529, 535 319 (cock), 469, 5 73, 599 (owl), 637 centurio regionarius, cat. # I 06 boar, 38 n.139, 39, 60, 107, 118, 122, Ceres, 174, 177 127, cat. #349, 593, 630, 637, 682 Ccrnunnos, 103 104 Bonus Eventus, 54, cat. #61, 63 Cestius Gallus, 40-41 Boreas, 82 Chatti, 56 Boudicca, 3, 25, 124, 128, 166, 168, Christianity, 8, 41 n.151, 63, 65, 76, 173, 212 n.7 86, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99, 103, 105 Bregans, 2 I3, cat. #5 70 n.37, 115, 126, 147 n.28, 171, 179 Brigantes, I 02, 131 n.114, 185, 189 201, 204, 213, 214, Brigantia, 30, 35, 70, 173-174, 183 216 n.5, 210, 213, 215, cat. #401, Claudius, 3, 19, 2 I, 22, 23, 24, 34, 571-575 35, 50, 62, I 69 n.59, 203 Brigit, 148, 173 Clement of Alexandria, 196 Britannia, 30, 153, 211, cat. #51 7, 5 76 Clementia, 48 Burgundians, I 87 Clodius Albinus, 3, 31, 53 Cocceius Firmus, M., 153, 161, Caccilius (nomen), cat. #85, 115, 138, cat. #46, 225, 283, 30 l 180,236,388,422,620 Cocceius Nigrinus, 1\L, 210, cat. #5 7 4 Caccilius Donatianus, M., 174, Cocidius, 5, 47, 57, 59, 95, 100, 104, cat. #388 103-11 I, 112 120, 121, 122, 124, Caclestis, 70, 172, 173, 174, 203, 126, 131, 158 n.2-3, L'i9, 161, 204, cat. #40 I, 406 206, 207, 203, 209, 210, 213, 216, Caerillius Victor, D., 115, cat. #590 cat. #172, 196a, 577 593 Caledius (nomen), cat. #67 Commodus, 32, 35 n.124, 42 11. 159, Calpurnius (nomen), cat. #53, 389, 44 n.169, 49 n.190, 57, 76, 80, 103 393, 421, 462 n.23, 112, 129 n.122 Calpurnius Receptus, C., 167 Concordia, 48, 49, 207 Camillus, 48 Concors legionis, 54, cat. #48, 49 Campestres, 5, 145 n.24, 152 153, Condrusi, 21 0 207, cat. #36, 283, 512, 515 517 Congenniccus, 210, cat. #573 Camulus, 124 Constans, 184, 189 Caracalla, 14 n.3, 30, 34, 44 n.169, Constantine I, 3, 26n, 34, 63, 187, 45, 53, 57, 62, 76, 112, 173, 174, 189, 193 cat. #6, 15-17, 22, 378, 422, 571, Constantine II, 184 574 Constantine III, 184, 185, 188 Caratacus, 3 Constantius I, 34, 91, 189 Carausius, 3, 34, 52 n.206, 183 Constitutio Antoniniana, 3, M, I I 4 Carvetii, I 02 n.57 Cassandra, 128 Contrebis, cat. #459, 599 Castor, 68, 172 Corduba, 23 Caturix, 124 Council of Aries, 198 .
Recommended publications
  • Chaotic Descriptor Table
    Castle Oldskull Supplement CDT1: Chaotic Descriptor Table These ideas would require a few hours’ the players back to the temple of the more development to become truly useful, serpent people, I decide that she has some but I like the direction that things are going backstory. She’s an old jester-bard so I’d probably run with it. Maybe I’d even treasure hunter who got to the island by redesign dungeon level 4 to feature some magical means. This is simply because old gnome vaults and some deep gnome she’s so far from land and trade routes that lore too. I might even tie the whole it’s hard to justify any other reason for her situation to the gnome caves of C. S. Lewis, to be marooned here. She was captured by or the Nome King from L. Frank Baum’s the serpent people, who treated her as Ozma of Oz. Who knows? chattel, but she barely escaped. She’s delirious, trying to keep herself fed while she struggles to remember the command Example #13: word for her magical carpet. Malamhin of the Smooth Brow has some NPC in the Wilderness magical treasures, including a carpet of flying, a sword, some protection from serpents thingies (scrolls, amulets?) and a The PCs land on a deadly magical island of few other cool things. Talking to the PCs the serpent people, which they were meant and seeing their map will slowly bring her to explore years ago and the GM promptly back to her senses … and she wants forgot about it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Language(S) of the Callaeci Eugenio R
    e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 16 5-3-2006 The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martinez Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 16. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martínez, Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Abstract Although there is no direct extant record of the language spoken by any of the peoples of ancient Callaecia, some linguistic information can be recovered through the analysis of the names (personal names, names of deities, ethnonyms, and place-names) that occur in Latin inscriptions and in ancient Greek and Latin sources. These names prove the presence of speakers of a Celtic language in this area, but there are also names of other origins. Keywords Onomastics, place-names, Palaeohispanic languages, epigraphy, historical linguistics 1. Introduction1 In this paper I will try to provide a general overview of the linguistic situation in ancient Callaecia by analyzing the linguistic evidence provided both by the literary and the epigraphic sources available in this westernmost area of continental Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Isurium Brigantum
    Isurium Brigantum an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough The authors and publisher wish to thank the following individuals and organisations for their help with this Isurium Brigantum publication: Historic England an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough Society of Antiquaries of London Thriplow Charitable Trust Faculty of Classics and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Chris and Jan Martins Rose Ferraby and Martin Millett with contributions by Jason Lucas, James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven Verdonck and Lacey Wallace Research Report of the Society of Antiquaries of London No. 81 For RWS Norfolk ‒ RF Contents First published 2020 by The Society of Antiquaries of London Burlington House List of figures vii Piccadilly Preface x London W1J 0BE Acknowledgements xi Summary xii www.sal.org.uk Résumé xiii © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2020 Zusammenfassung xiv Notes on referencing and archives xv ISBN: 978 0 8543 1301 3 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to this study 1 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data 1.2 Geographical setting 2 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the 1.3 Historical background 2 Library of Congress, Washington DC 1.4 Previous inferences on urban origins 6 The moral rights of Rose Ferraby, Martin Millett, Jason Lucas, 1.5 Textual evidence 7 James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven 1.6 History of the town 7 Verdonck and Lacey Wallace to be identified as the authors of 1.7 Previous archaeological work 8 this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Funde Und Ausgrabungen Im Bezirk Trier 23, 1991
    Zwei römische Bronzeinschriften vom Barsberg, Kr. Daun Weihung und Patronatstafel (?) Sehr viel seltener als Inschriften auf Stein sind uns Inschriften auf Bronze aus der Römerzeit erhalten geblieben. Und dabei bergen gelegentlich gerade Bronzeinschriften Dokumente eines besonderen Inhaltes. Außer für Kleinin­ schriften wurden in römischer Zeit Bronzetafeln zur Beurkundung wichtiger Rechtsakte verwandt. Aus Trier ist so zum Beispiel jüngst der Rest eines Militärdiploms, der Entlassungsurkunde eines wohl einheimischen Soldaten aus dem römischen Militärdienst mit einhergehender Bürgerrechtsverleihung, bekannt geworden (Binsfeld). Etwas zahlreicher sind auch aus unserer Region Weihinschriften auf Bronze, die eine Verehrung der Götter bezeugen. Auf dem zur Gemeinde Bongard (Kr. Daun) gehörigen Barsberg sind nun im Sommer 1988 zwei römerzeitliche Bronzetafeln mit Inschriften gefunden worden. Die Fundstelle ist bekannt als vorgeschichtliche Befestigungsanlage, die in römischer Zeit auch in den Wirren um 275 n. Chr. und in der 1. Hälfte des 4. Jahrhunderts erneut aufgesucht worden ist (Gilles 224 f.). Bereits beim ersten Anblick drängt sich der Eindruck auf, daß beide Tafeln in irgendeiner 'Form zusammengehören. Die erste Tafel (Abb. 1-2) trägt eine vollständig erhaltene Weihinschrift auf der Vorderseite (Abb. 1). Die Tafel ist 8,6 x 7,3 cm groß bei einer Dicke von 1,8 mm durchschnittlich. Die Tafel ist wohl vor dem Eingravieren der In­ schrift zurechtgeschnitten worden. Die vollständige Inschrift nimmt mit ihren Zeilenenden und Worttrennungen auf die Ränder und einen abgearbeiteten älteren Streifen unter der Oberkante Rücksicht. Zu lesen ist: Deo Marti Vol/mioni L(ucius) Ac/ceptius Minu/sus ex voto Dem Gott Mars Volmio hat Lucius Acceptius Minusus auf Grund eines Gelübdes (die Weihung dargebracht).
    [Show full text]
  • Gottheit (99) 1 Von 10
    Gottheit (99) Suche Startseite Profil Konto Gottheit Zurück zu Witchways Diskussionsforum Themenübersicht Neues Thema beginnen Thema: Gottheit Thema löschen | Auf dieses Thema antworten Es werden die Beiträge 1 - 30 von 97 angezeigt. 1 2 3 4 Shannah Witchways Abnoba (keltische Muttergöttin) Abnoba war eine keltische Muttergöttin und personifizierte den Schwarzwald, welcher in der Antike den Namen Abnoba mons trug. Mythologie Sie galt als Beschützerin des Waldes, des Wildes und der Quellen, insbesondere als Schutzpatronin der Heilquellen in Badenweiler. Wild und Jäger unterstanden ihrem Schutz. Nach der bei der Interpretatio Romana üblichen Vorgehensweise wurde sie von den Römern mit Diana gleichgesetzt, wie etwa eine in Badenweiler aufgefundene Weiheinschrift eines gewissen Fronto beweist, der damit ein Gelübde einlöste. Wahrscheinlich stand auf dem Sockel, der diese Inschrift trägt, ursprünglich eine Statue dieser Gottheit. Ein in St. Georgen aufgefundenes Bildwerk an der Brigachquelle zeigt Abnoba mit einem Hasen, dem Symbol für Fruchtbarkeit, als Attribut. Tatsächlich wurden in Badenweiler auch Leiden kuriert, die zu ungewollter Kinderlosigkeit führten, und in den Thermen dieses Ortes war ungewöhnlicherweise die Frauenabteilung nicht kleiner als die für Männer. Abnoba dürfte für die Besucher von Badenweiler also vor allem als Fruchtbarkeitsgottheit gegolten haben. vor etwa einem Monat Beitrag löschen Shannah Witchways Aericura (keltische Totengottheit) Aericura ist eine keltisch-germanische Fruchtbarkeits- und Totengottheit. Mythologie Aericura, auch Aeracura, Herecura oder Erecura, ist eine antike keltisch-germanische (nach einigen Theorien jedoch ursprünglich sogar eine illyrische) Gottheit. Sie wird zumeist mit Attributen der Proserpina ähnlich dargestellt, manchmal in Begleitung eines Wolfs oder Hundes, häufig jedoch auch mit ruchtbarkeitsattributen wie Apfelkörben. Manchmal wird Aericura als Fruchtbarkeitsgottheit gedeutet, häufig jedoch eher als Totengöttin.
    [Show full text]
  • CELTIC MYTHOLOGY Ii
    i CELTIC MYTHOLOGY ii OTHER TITLES BY PHILIP FREEMAN The World of Saint Patrick iii ✦ CELTIC MYTHOLOGY Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes PHILIP FREEMAN 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Philip Freeman 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–046047–1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v CONTENTS Introduction: Who Were the Celts? ix Pronunciation Guide xvii 1. The Earliest Celtic Gods 1 2. The Book of Invasions 14 3. The Wooing of Étaín 29 4. Cú Chulainn and the Táin Bó Cuailnge 46 The Discovery of the Táin 47 The Conception of Conchobar 48 The Curse of Macha 50 The Exile of the Sons of Uisliu 52 The Birth of Cú Chulainn 57 The Boyhood Deeds of Cú Chulainn 61 The Wooing of Emer 71 The Death of Aife’s Only Son 75 The Táin Begins 77 Single Combat 82 Cú Chulainn and Ferdia 86 The Final Battle 89 vi vi | Contents 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Goddelijk Gesteente Godinnen in Het Noorden Van Het Romeinse Rijk
    Goddelijk gesteente Godinnen in het noorden van het Romeinse Rijk Christian Kicken Goddelijk gesteente Godinnen in het noorden van het Romeinse Rijk C. J. Kicken s4356209 Bachelorscriptie 2016-2017 Griekse en Latijnse Taal en Cultuur Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Begeleider: dr. S.T.A.M. Mols Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Ταῦτ᾿ ἐγὼ μὲν ἐπὶ πολὺ εἱστήκειν ὁρῶν καὶ θαυμάζων καὶ ἀπορῶν καὶ ἀγανακτῶν· Κελτὸς δέ τις παρεστὼς οὐκ ἀπαίδευτος τὰ ἡμέτερα, ὡς ἔδειξεν ἀκριβῶς Ἑλλάδα φωνὴν ἀφιείς, φιλόσοφος, οἶμαι, τὰ ἐπιχώρια, Ἐγώ σοι, ἔφη, ὦ ξένε, λύσω τῆς γραφῆς τὸ αἴνιγμα· πάνυ γὰρ ταραττομένῳ ἔοικας πρὸς αὐτήν. “Ik stond er gedurende een lange tijd, kijkend, bewonderend, twijfelend en geïrriteerd: een of andere Kelt, niet onbeschaafd wat betreft onze manieren, die ernaast stond, toen hij scherpzinnig z’n Griekse tong liet gaan, en op de hoogte, meen ik, van de lokale gebruiken toonde mij toen: “Ik zal voor jou”, zei hij, “o vreemdeling, het raadsel van de schildering verklaren: want jij lijkt hier zelf erg over in de war te zijn.” - Loukianos van Samosata, Herakles 4 Teksteditie Grieks: Harmon 1913, 64. Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Hoofdstuk 1. De godin van Coriovallum 1.1 De vondst .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race by Thomas William Rolleston
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race by Thomas William Rolleston This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race Author: Thomas William Rolleston Release Date: October 16, 2010 [Ebook 34081] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE*** MYTHS & LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE Queen Maev T. W. ROLLESTON MYTHS & LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE CONSTABLE - LONDON [8] British edition published by Constable and Company Limited, London First published 1911 by George G. Harrap & Co., London [9] PREFACE The Past may be forgotten, but it never dies. The elements which in the most remote times have entered into a nation's composition endure through all its history, and help to mould that history, and to stamp the character and genius of the people. The examination, therefore, of these elements, and the recognition, as far as possible, of the part they have actually contributed to the warp and weft of a nation's life, must be a matter of no small interest and importance to those who realise that the present is the child of the past, and the future of the present; who will not regard themselves, their kinsfolk, and their fellow-citizens as mere transitory phantoms, hurrying from darkness into darkness, but who know that, in them, a vast historic stream of national life is passing from its distant and mysterious origin towards a future which is largely conditioned by all the past wanderings of that human stream, but which is also, in no small degree, what they, by their courage, their patriotism, their knowledge, and their understanding, choose to make it.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Achievements of the Ancient Celts
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses College of Arts & Sciences 5-2013 Revisiting the achievements of the Ancient Celts : evidence that the Celtic civilization surpassed contemporary European civilizations in its technical sophistication and social complexity, and continues to influence later cultures. Adam Dahmer University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/honors Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Dahmer, Adam, "Revisiting the achievements of the Ancient Celts : evidence that the Celtic civilization surpassed contemporary European civilizations in its technical sophistication and social complexity, and continues to influence later cultures." (2013). College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses. Paper 11. http://doi.org/10.18297/honors/11 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dahmer 1 A Lost Civilization as Great as Any Scholars traditionally associate the advancement of Western culture from antiquity to the Renaissance with the innovations of the Romans and their Mediterranean cultural predecessors, the Greeks and Etruscans, to the extent that the word "civilization" often seems synonymous with Romanization. In doing so, historians unfairly discount the cultural achievements of other Indo-European peoples who achieved civilization in their own right and contributed much to ancient and modern life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shifting Baselines of the British Hare Goddess
    Open Archaeology 2020; 6: 214–235 Research Article Luke John Murphy*, Carly Ameen The Shifting Baselines of the British Hare Goddess https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0109 received May 13, 2020; accepted August 20, 2020. Abstract: The rise of social zooarchaeology and the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities both reflect a growing interest in the interactions of humans and non-human animals. This comparative archaeological study contributes to this interdisciplinary field by investigating the ways in which successive human cultures employed religion to conceptualise and interact with their ecological context across the longue durée. Specifically, we investigate how the Iron Age, Romano-British, early medieval English, medieval Welsh, and Information Age populations of Great Britain constructed and employed supranatural female figures – Andraste, Diana, Ēostre, St. Melangell, and the modern construct ‘Easter’ – with a common zoomorphic link: the hare. Applying theoretical concepts drawn from conservation ecology (‘shifting baselines’) and the study of religion (‘semantic centres’) to a combination of (zoo)archaeological and textual evidence, we argue that four distinct ‘hare goddesses’ were used to express their congregations’ concerns regarding the mediation of violence between the human in-group and other parties (human or animal) across two millennia. Keywords: Archaeology of Religion, Animal Studies, British Archaeology, Comparative Archaeology, Social Zooarchaeology Abbreviations CISR = Corpus signorum imperii Romani, Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World. RIB = Roman Inscriptions of Britain database. 1 Introduction: Shifting Baselines and Semantic Centres The recent rise of social zooarchaeology (Russell, 2011; Sykes, 2014) and the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities (Peterson, 2016; Ritvo, 2007) both reflect a growing scholarly interest in the interactions of humans and non-human animals.
    [Show full text]
  • CELTIC HEALER and WARRIOR MAIDEN Celtic Gods Served The
    CHAPTER FOUR CELTIC HEALER AND WARRIOR MAIDEN Celtic gods served the tribe in matters of war and peace, justice and fertility, salvation and healing. As fully-fledged tribal deities, they did not entirely engage the interests of the soldier on the Roman fron­ tier, but some divine aspects were relevant and desirable. \Ve have already seen the Celtic god as horned warrior. It remains to con­ sider native gods and goddesses as healers. The ill relied as much on the supernatural as on empirical medicine, inextricably linked with religion. 1 Consequently, physicians and priests were on staff together at most healing shrines, Graeco-Roman as well as Celtic (i.e., 614). 2 Most healer gods are associated with water and curative springs; as will be seen, some have connections with curses and ret­ ribution (Sulis at Bath, Mercury at Uley). Warrior God and Healer Under numerous epithets, Mars was thoroughly assimilated into Celtic cults known both on the continent and in Britain alone: Camulus (467), Lenus (468, 469), Loucetius (470), Toutates (474). Celtic gods equated with Mars in Britain emphasize the god's regal and mili­ tary character: 1 Alator, the huntsman (603-604), Belatucadrus (Fair Shining One: 554, 55 7, 558, 562, 567),4 Rigisamus (most kingly: 472), Segomo (Victor),5 Toutates (Ruler of the people: 473, 474), Barrex (Supreme). 6 Occasionally his role as healer surfaces, especially 1 Allason-Jones, Women, 156. 2 For example, Asclepius' incubation shrines at Cos and Epidaurus. For Celtic examples, priests and physicians attended the sick at the Fontes Sequana, where the water spirit who personified the river Seine dwelled (Deyts, Sanctuaire) and at Bath where Sulis Minerva presided over a healing sanctuary (Cunlifle, Sacred Spring, 359 62).
    [Show full text]
  • Moritix Londiniensium: a Recent Epigaphic Find In
    From The British Epigraphy Society, Newsletter n.s. 8 (Autumn 2002), pp. 10-13: MORITIX LONDINIENSIUM: A RECENT EPIGRAPHIC FIND IN LONDON On 11 October 2002 various news agencies (A3/A24/A29), linking London to Chichester reported that archaeologists excavating a site and the ports of the south coast. From here the in Southwark had unearthed a marble plaque road then crossed over the river to the walled inscribed with what may be the earliest known city of Londinium proper on the north bank. epigraphic attestation of London’s Latin name This situation at such a nodal point naturally from the environs of the capital itself. ‘This is suggests the commercial significance of the hugely important,’ Francis Grew, curator of location. One of the archaeologists, Gary archaeology at the Museum of London, told Brown, said in an interview with Peter reporters. ‘It is the first real monumental Macdiarmid, ‘We have had a remarkable post- inscription with the word Londinium on it.’ medieval phase and could be uncovering a The stone bears a religious dedication by an significant prehistoric landscape also. … I can't individual who describes himself by the stress how important this site is. We have mysterious title of moritix Londiniensium. already gone back to the pre-historic occupation of the site and we have found vast quantities of artefacts.’ He added, ‘We have so far only dug 15 percent of the site and we have already found this plaque, so the potential for more staggering finds is there. Who knows what more we will find?’ The new inscription (Photograph: BBC) This exciting find turned up just six The Tabard Street excavation (Photograph: BBC) weeks into a 40-week dig by rescue archaeology specialists, Pre-Construct The plaque, measuring approximately Archaeology, on a one-hectare site at the 12 inches by 16 inches and of a sandy-coloured junction of Tabard Street and Long Lane, SE1, imported Italian marble, was recovered on 3 which is destined to be covered by the Tabard October from the fill of a pit near the remains Square development by Berkeley Homes.
    [Show full text]