Behavioral Movement - Chapter 6

Home , Albert Ellis

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View of Nature: - Scientific - Structured

Behaviors are: - Observable - Measurable Action-Oriented Approaches -Focuses on overt behavior

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Action-Oriented Theories - Behavioral Movement -

-Behaviorally specific interventions

-Counselor role is directive

-Are responsive to third party pay Thorndike (1874 – 1949)

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Action-Oriented Theories - Classical Conditioning -

-Behavioral principles have been assimilated into the mainstream of counseling.

(Pavlov) -Problems are seen as maladaptive learning patterns.

-No reflections of feelings

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Behaviorism - Operant Conditioning

Watson

-Father of Behaviorism Skinner’s work has resulted in many practical applications in:

•Education

•Training B. F. Skinner

(Give me a Child, •And views of society I’ll give you a rich man, poor man, beggar man, thief.)

(Little Albert)

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Behaviorism -

- Thorndike Cognitive Trend (modeling, social Observational learning)

Puzzle Box

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Operant Conditioning Behavioral Movement -

Client Contracts -

General Goal of Behavioral Counseling - - Create new conditions for learning

B. F. Skinner Arguments against Behavioral Counseling: - Treatment of symptoms - Manipulation (therapist is in control) - Skinner Box - We don’t live in a skinner box

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Behavioral Movement - Behavioral Movement -

Techniques: Modeling Behavior: - Relaxation Training (progressive relaxation) 1. Live Models

-Systematic Desensitization 2. Symbolic Models (Audio / Video) (Classical Conditioning) 3. Multiple Models (Groups)

- Biofeedback 4. The more similar the models are the more effective

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Behavioral Movement - Behavioral Movement -

Learned Helplessness Token Economy: -Given as soon as possible after behavior occurs -Gradually replace with verbal phrase.

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Behavioral Movement -

Punishment - used to reduce the frequency of a client’s behavior by presenting an aversive stimuli. Rational-Emotive Behavior Counseling Extinction - the removal of the reinforcement. Albert Ellis Shaping - the process in which complex terminal behaviors are reinforced in approximate successive stages.

Flooding - bombarding the subject with the stimulus until fatigue sets in or until the stimulus loses its pleasurable value.

Time-Out - the removing of the subject from the environment where the inappropriate behavior is occurring.

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Rational-Emotive Behavior Counseling – (Albert Ellis) Therapeutic Techniques: -Concerned with cognition and feelings. Emotive Technique -

-Disputes irrational beliefs in a direct, active and 1. Rational-emotive imagery - mentally experience confrontive manner. situations and good outcomes.

Basic Hypothesis - our emotions stem mainly from our 2. Role Play - rehearse new or different behaviors beliefs, evaluations, interpretations and reactions to life (work on unpleasant feelings. situations. 3. Shame attacking exercises - Anxiety, unhappiness, and negative emotions come -clients do or experience something they’re from evaluative thoughts about traumatic situations. afraid of. -they then see its not such a big deal or that other don’t see it that way. 19 22

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Rational-Emotive Behavior Counseling – (Albert Ellis) We - -Make or contribute to our own problems by our perceptions. -Condition ourselves to feel disturbed or depressed. -Make mistakes - we learn to live with them. -Have the ability to change. -Are all somewhat neurotic. -Blame is the core of most emotional disturbances.

Criticized for being overly: combative directive, and intellectual 20 23

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Therapeutic Techniques:

Cognitive Method – 1. Disputing of irrational beliefs (confronting) show client it’s not the event but their perception.

2. Cognitive homework - experience (public speaking).

3. Changing ones language - relearning of statements. (a word is only a word - only meanings change)