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Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies HANDBOOK OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL ThERAPIES HANDBOOK OF COGNITIVE- BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES THIRD EDITION Edited by Keith S. Dobson THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London © 2010 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies / editor Keith S. Dobson. — 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60623-437-2 (alk. paper) 1. Cognitive therapy—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Behavior therapy— Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Dobson, Keith S. RC489.C63H36 2010 616.89′1425—dc22 2009031648 About the Editor Keith S. Dobson, PhD, is Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Calgary, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, where he has served in various roles, including past Director of Clinical Psychology and current Head of Psychol- ogy and Co-Leader of the Hotchkiss Brain Institute Depression Research Pro- gram. Dr. Dobson’s research has focused on cognitive models and mechanisms in depression and the treatment of depression, particularly using cognitive- behavioral therapies. His research has resulted in over 150 published articles and chapters, eight books, and numerous conference and workshop presenta- tions in many countries. In addition to his research on depression, Dr. Dobson has written about developments in professional psychology and ethics, and he has been actively involved in psychology organizations, including a term as President of the Canadian Psychological Association. He was a member of the University of Calgary Research Ethics Board for many years and is President of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy as well as President-Elect of the Inter- national Association for Cognitive Psychotherapy. Dr. Dobson is a recipient of the Canadian Psychological Association’s Award for Distinguished Contribu- tions to the Profession of Psychology. v IN MEMORIAM Albert Ellis, PhD (1913–2007) Albert Ellis, PhD, was a titan in the field of psychotherapy. His collected works include more than 70 books and 700 articles in the areas of psychotherapy, sex, love and relationships, religion, and research in psychotherapy, among a wide range of other topics. Notably, he was the originator of rational emotive therapy, which he later renamed as rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and he was certainly a sustained luminary in the field of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Dr. Ellis was also a key contributor to this volume; from its inception he supported the book and he wanted REBT represented within its pages. Dr. Ellis died on July 24, 2007, of natural causes. His death has left an enormous void in the field. The loss of his humor, wit, and intelligence, as well as his candid and direct character, will be missed by all whose lives he had touched. vii Contributors Donald H. Baucom, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Aaron T. Beck, MD, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Rinad S. Beidas, MA, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Larry E. Beutler, PhD, Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, California Kirk R. Blankstein, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Lauren Braswell, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota Mylea Charvat, MS, Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, California Sarah A. Crawley, MA, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Daniel David, PhD, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania Joan Davidson, PhD, San Francisco Bay Area Center for Cognitive Therapy, Oakland, California Robert J. DeRubeis, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Keith S. Dobson, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada David J. A. Dozois, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Windy Dryden, PhD, Professional and Community Education, Goldsmiths College, London, United Kingdom David M. Dunkley, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Thomas J. D’Zurilla, PhD, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York ix x Contributors Albert Ellis, PhD, (deceased) The Albert Ellis Institute, New York, New York Amanda M. Epp, MSc, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Norman B. Epstein, PhD, Department of Family Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Karen R. Erikson, MS, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada Alan E. Fruzzetti, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada T. Mark Harwood, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois Rick E. Ingram, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas Gayle Y. Iwamasa, PhD, Department of Psychology, Logansport State Hospital, Logansport, Indiana Philip C. Kendall, PhD, ABPP, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jennifer S. Kirby, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Jaslean J. LaTaillade, PhD, Department of Family Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Christopher R. Martell, PhD, ABPP, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Rachel Martin, MSc, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Arthur M. Nezu, PhD, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania David W. Pantalone, PhD, Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts Jacqueline B. Persons, PhD, San Francisco Bay Area Center for Cognitive Therapy, Oakland, California Jennifer L. Podell, MA, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Zindel V. Segal, PhD, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Greg J. Siegle, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Tony Z. Tang, PhD, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Christian A. Webb, MA, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jeffrey Young, PhD, Schema Therapy Institute, New York, New York Preface When the first edition of the Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Thera- pies was published in 1988, I would not have guessed that it would become a mainstay in the field of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). More than 20 years later, though, this volume is regularly used in training programs and has been translated into Italian and Portuguese. It has been gratifying to see that the breadth and depth of CBT have increased and to have been a part of that process. The third edition reflects a continuing belief in the importance of CBT. As I noted in the preface to the first edition, at that time there really was no comprehensive book, written by the best experts in the field, that covered the broad domain of CBT. The completion of this edition reflects the belief that the publisher and I continue to have that it fills an important place in the CBT literature. The intended audience remains one that is learning about psycho- therapy and wishes to explore the growth in the cognitive-behavioral models. This edition contains several important changes. While some of the core chapters discussing conceptual issues in CBT are retained, as are chapters on fundamental CBT therapies, some of the chapters in the second edition have been replaced or supplemented here. In addition to critical chapters on prob- lem-solving therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, and cognitive therapy, the therapy chapters now include a discussion of schema-focused cognitive therapy and acceptance-based interventions, as these approaches have contin- ued to gain prominence in the field. A new chapter focuses on the application of CBT to diverse populations, which is particularly important as CBT prin- ciples and practices become further disseminated. One of the important new chapters in this edition is that on the evidence base for CBT. In the preface to the second edition I wrote about the empirically supported treatment movement and my belief that “the field of psychotherapy must move to a transparent, common-sense, evidence-based set of practices as soon as possible, in order to fulfill the mission of providing a human service that is worthy of the public’s investment of trust, confidence, time, energy, and xi xii Preface money.” This chapter does much to reveal that the evidence base for CBT has grown dramatically in a fairly short period of time, and that the public gener- ally can invest its trust in CBT. In the second edition preface, I also wrote: “Although the field of cognitive-behavioral therapies has
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