DOCSLIB.ORG

Integrative Therapeutic Approach Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Depression in an Adult Client William J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Integrative Therapeutic Approach Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Depression in an Adult Client William J Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine DigitalCommons@PCOM PCOM Psychology Dissertations Student Dissertations, Theses and Papers 2006 Integrative Therapeutic Approach Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Depression in an Adult Client William J. Librizzi, III Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/psychology_dissertations Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Librizzi, III, William J., "Integrative Therapeutic Approach Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Depression in an Adult Client " (2006). PCOM Psychology Dissertations. Paper 80. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Dissertations, Theses and Papers at DigitalCommons@PCOM. It has been accepted for inclusion in PCOM Psychology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@PCOM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Department of Psychology AN INTEGRATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH COMBINING COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY AND FAITH FOR THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT DEPRESSION IN AN ADULT CLIENT By William J. Librizzi III Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Psychology November 2006 PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY Dissertation Approval This is to certify that the thesis presented to us by f/[/k ( 1'1f-1t( J 11M Z 1 ( - ~J;(J ./) '1. 1_- 1I-1!hA I on the ,A.':) day of / I~ , 2ob; in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology, has been examined and is acceptable in both scholarship and literary quality. Committee Members' Signatures: Virginia Salzer, Ph.D., Chairperson Bruce Zahn, Ed.D., ABPP James McMahon, Psy.D., Ph.D. Robert A. DiTomasso, Ph.D., ABPP, Chair, Department of Psychology iii Acknowledgement The task of recognizing those silent heroes who have assisted me in my studies and by honoring them through the writing of this acknowledgement remains as the last component of a long and demanding educational endeavor. Ironically, this is being penned after completing the actual body of the dissertation, the defense and even the graduation commencement. As a means of "saving the best for last", it is with great pleasure and humility I take a few moments to identify those that share in this achievement. This acknowledgement focuses on the individuals who offered the needed support, encouragement and confidence and as a consequence of this assistance I was able to both complete my degree, this dissertation and can now use the title of Doctor. First, I want to acknowledge my dissertation chair Dr. Virginia Salzer. Dr. Salzer's ability to encourage, advise and coach was exactly what this overwhelmed student needed. As my chair I benefited from her keen ability to keep me on task. She was always there to offer relevant feedback and she consistently provided assistance in keeping up with my ever-present time line. These responsibilities were magically done with a smile, a pleasant word and an ample supply of encouragement. In addition to Dr. Salzer I want to acknowledge Dr. Robert DiTomasso the second member of my committee. He was my advisor through these six years of doctoral studies. This time period was filled with bh1hs, deaths, tragedies, difficulties, and joys. When needed he was there providing a timely word and a listening ear. Furthermore, his personal involvement in both my general studies and specifically in my dissertation, provided an example of professionalism, understanding, openness of mind, and compassion. These four aspects, ever relative for a practicing psychologist, will guide me as I continue my work with people. iv Beyond those quality staff members from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine I want turn my attention to three people who are valuable beyond measure. My dear wife Carolyn who has been through the ups and downs of this degree. She walked with me though each valley and mountain, all the while exemplifying true commitment and loyalty. She was unswerving in her supp0I1 and because of her, her sacrifices and her faith in a tired student this dissel1ation and degree is complete. Second, my mother Angel Librizzi who has readily exemplified what true courage, resilience, genuine curiosity, and faith look like in a developing human. My inquisitiveness to learn new things, interest in becoming just a bit better and compassion for those less fortunate comes from her. Her spirit of empathy is evident as I interact daily with my patients. The final individual I want to acknowledge is my father William J. Librizzi Jr., MS, PE. My father believed in this academic goal and was there from the beginning helping me orchestrate the appropriate changes in my life to accommodate the demands of this degree. It was during my third year that I lost my father suddenly to a heart attack. It was a loss that was deeply felt. Unlike any other man I've known, he was a father, friend, mentor and example. I acknowledge his example as a professional, a father, and husband. One whose shoes I could only dream of filling. I am fortunate, having known him. It is my pleasure to be his namesake and it is at the completion of this dissertation and degree I give him tribute. v Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MOD) is the most often diagnosed psychiatric illness worldwide, with prevalence rates indicating that as many as 25% of the population during their lifetimes will experience symptoms of MOD (Holmes, 1997). Therapies that focus on restructuring the client's cognitions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of this disorder. For some clients, however, reoccurring depressive episodes are common and symptom reduction is infrequent. The research of Worthington (1988) suggests that the highly religious client may actually see the world in a uniquely differently way than does the non-religious. These individuals utilize more religious schema and as a consequence of this distinct perspective may experience more favorable treatment outcomes when the therapeutic approach supports their strongly held religious views (Worthington, 1988; Worthington & Sandage, 2001). This single case study will utilize archival data and a manualized approach that focuses on spiritual growth and symptom reduction through an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (leBT) approach. The findings of this study confirm the work of many integrative researches that suggest symptom reduction is more apparent when an integrative approach is applied rather than a non- integrative approach. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ECTION . INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW Justification for Study Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder The Frequency of Recurring Symptoms CBT as a First Line Treatment Approach The Growth of Religious Interest in Psychology Integration of Treatment for Religiously Oriented Client Unique Aspects of this Particular Study Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Epidemiological Overview Sociocultural Factors Gender differences Social class issues Ethnicity Symptoms Associated with Major Depressive Disorder Mood Physiological Motor Cognitive DSM - IV TR Diagnostic Criteria Differential Diagnosis Recuning Depression Risk Factors Associated with Recuning Depression Rates of Relapse Treatment Options Medication Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Treatment of Depression Component #1: Role of the Schema Component #2: Automatic Thoughts Component #3: The Case Conceptualization Component #4: The Cognitive Triad Component #5: The Process of Cognitive Restructuring Component #6: Faith Integrated with CBT Empirical Data Regarding CBT's Efficacy for Treatment of Depression CBT Integrated with a Faith-based Approach vii Faith as a Variable for Treatment Outcomes The Historical Perspective of Integration Conceptualizing Faith: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Faith Faith and Health Faith as a Protective Factor The Integration of Faith and CBT Understanding the Concept of Integration Prerequisites to Religiously Sensitive Interventions Prerequisite # 1: Therapist characteristics Prerequisite # 2: The Therapeutic process Prerequisite # 3: Specifying treatment goals Theoretical Compatibility The role of beliefs The role of meaning The role of teaching and education The role of behavioral rehearsal Application through a Case Study Step One: Develop an Accurate Conceptualization Step Two: Develop a Workable Understanding of the Religious Distinctions Step Three: Apply Interventions Disputation of Irrational beliefs Homework Ethical Concerns The Multicultural Influence Misunderstanding of Client's Culture Misunderstanding of Client's Religious History The Excessive Emphasis on the Rational Therapist-Client Religious Convergence Manualized Integrative Approach Justification for Using Manualized Approaches Justification for Not Using Manualized Approaches Hypothesis Section Research Question Research Assumptions Research Hypotheses SECTION 2 METHOD SECTION Introduction and Overview viii Subject Selection Requirements Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Selected Client Background InfOlmation Measurement Section Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II) Beck Depression Inventory-III (BDI-III) Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-IO) Religious
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
    EFPT Psychotherapy Guidebook • EFPT Psychotherapy Guidebook Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Olga Sidorova Published on: Jul 05, 2019 Updated on: Jul 11, 2019 EFPT Psychotherapy Guidebook • EFPT Psychotherapy Guidebook Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most widely used evidence-based psychotherapy for improving mental health. Brief historic overview Cognitive behavioural therapy is a fusion of the behavioural and cognitive theories of human behaviour and psychopathology. Modern CBT development had three “waves”. The first, or behavioural wave was inspired and developed by notable people such as John B. Watson, Joseph Wolpe, Ivan Pavlov, Hans Eysenck, Arnold Lazarus and B. F. Skinner and comes from learning theory (Skinner et Pavlov). Learning theory is a concept describing the process of gaining, keeping and recalling knowledge. Behavioural learning theory assumes that learning is built on responses to environmental stimuli. I. Pavlov introduced a concept of classical conditioning where behaviour is a reflexive and involuntary response to stimuli. The exposure, which originated from the works of Pavlov and Watson, is a widely used instrument in CBT. It is a process of changing the unwanted, learned response or behaviour to a more desirable response. In addition to this, B. F. Skinner later shaped a concept of operant conditioning, which is based on the voluntary behaviour that is modified through the use of positive and negative reinforcements. The foundation for the second or “cognitive wave” of CBT can be tracked to numerous ancient philosophical ideas, notably in Stoicism. Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed that logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructive emotions and that individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Therapy* Michael Mceachrane
    5 Capturing Emotional Thoughts: The Philosophy of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy* Michael McEachrane Ever since Albert Ellis introduced his ABC-theory of emotional dysfunction in the 1950s one premise of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been the idea that emotional disturbances are caused by beliefs. Following Stoic phi- losophy Ellis argued that emotional disturbances are a consequence (C) of beliefs (B) rather than of activating events themselves (A) (e.g., Ellis 1962). Since then, beliefs have been the focal point of CBT – be it Ellis’ rational emo- tive behavior therapy (REBT), Aaron T. Beck’s cognitive therapy (CT) or the so- called ‘new wave’ of cognitive-behavioral therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) (e.g., Beck 1979; Beck et al. 1979; Ellis and Blau 1998; Hayes, Follette and Linehan 2004). A second premise of CBT is that emotion causing beliefs are mentally rep- resented; primarily as ‘internal dialogues’ – what Ellis refers to as ‘self-talk’ and Beck as ‘automatic thoughts’ – but also as mental images (e.g., Beck 1979; Ellis 1994; Segal, Williams and Teasdale 2001). On the basis of this second premise, a central idea to the practice of CBT is that we can become aware of the beliefs that elicit our emotional reactions by becoming aware of the words or images that elicit them. This chapter examines these two premises – that emotions are caused by beliefs and that those beliefs are represented in the mind as words or images. Being a philosophical examination, the chapter also seeks to demonstrate that these two premises essentially are philosophical premises.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Clinical Interviewing: Integration of the Dsm-Iv, Managed Care Concerns, Mental Status, and Research
    CHAPTER 1 3 CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL INTERVIEWING: INTEGRATION OF THE DSM-IV, MANAGED CARE CONCERNS, MENTAL STATUS, AND RESEARCH Shawn Christopher Shea INTRODUCTION DSM-IV, to more classic psychodynamic approaches and engagement skills. This clinical Interviewing is the backbone of all mental health challenge has been made even more difficult by yet professions. It is a dynamic and creative process, another new influence, the powerful presence of which represents a somewhat elusive set of skills. managed care and the constant ticking of "the The importance of this set of skills has been high- clock" concerning the number of sessions avail- lighted by Langsley and Hollender (1982). Their able to the client. In the past a skilled clinican survey of 482 psychiatric teachers and practitio- could perform a sound diagnostic assessment ners revealed that 99.4 percent ranked conducting within an hour, although many chose to take a comprehensive interview as an important longer. The difference is that today the clinician requirement for a psychiatrist. This represented the does not have a choice; managed-care principles highest ranking of 32 skills listed in the survey. dictate that he or she must complete the assessment Seven of the top 10 skills were directly related to within an hour and subsequently rapidly write up interviewing technique, including skills such as the the document as well. assessment of suicide and homicide potential, the Such a daunting integrative task, performed ability to make accurate diagnoses, and the ability under tight time constraints, can represent a major to recognize countertransference problems and hurdle for the developing clinician.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14: Therapy
    Chapter 14: Therapy PSY 100 Rick Grieve, Ph.D. Western Kentucky University Therapy TreatmentTreatment forfor abnormalabnormal behaviorbehavior logicallylogically derivesderives fromfrom whatwhat oneone believesbelieves thethe causecause ofof thethe abnormalabnormal behaviorbehavior toto be.be. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy and its goals goals of psychotherapy achieving a cure for psychological problems provide support and caring for those who seek help Psychotherapy PsychotherapyPsychotherapy ConversationConversation FocusedFocused DiffuseDiffuse ClientClient--CenteredCentered EquallyEqually--CenteredCentered TimeTime LimitedLimited NotNot TherapistTherapist DirectedDirected TakeTake TurnsTurns DirectingDirecting Only Clients Self- Both People Self- Disclose Disclose PowerPower DifferentialDifferential EqualEqual PowerPower Psychotherapy Where is psychotherapy done? Therapist's office Community mental health center Hospitals Schools in the home prisons Who goes to therapy? Psychodynamic Therapy Goal: Catharsis Techniques Methods used to get at the unconscious free association dream analysis Psychodynamic Therapy ManifestManifest contentcontent TheThe conscious,conscious, rememberedremembered aspectsaspects ofof aa dreamdream LatentLatent contentcontent TheThe unconscious,unconscious, unremembered,unremembered, symbolicsymbolic aspectsaspects ofof aa dreamdream Psychodynamic Therapy Interpretation of reactions interpretation of slips of the tongue brief psychodynamic therapy Behavior Therapies Classical conditioning
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure and Cognitive Interventions for Anxiety 1
    Exposure and Cognitive Interventions for Anxiety 1 Running head: EXPOSURE AND COGNITIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR ANXIETY Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Interventions for the Anxiety Disorders: Overview and Newer Third Generation Perspectives John P. Forsyth, Velma Barrios, and Dean T. Acheson University at Albany, State University of New York Forsyth, J. P., Barrios, V., & Acheson, D. (2007). Exposure therapy and cognitive interventions for the anxiety disorders: Overview and newer third-generation perspectives. In D. C. S. Richard & D. Lauterbach (Eds.), Handbook of the exposure therapies (pp. 61-108). New York: Academic Press. Exposure and Cognitive Interventions for Anxiety 2 Author Biosketches John P. Forsyth, Ph.D. John P. Forsyth, Ph.D. earned his Ph.D. degree in clinical psychology from West Virginia University in 1997, after serving as Chief Resident in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He is an Associate Professor and Director of the Anxiety Disorders Research Program in the Department of Psychology at the University at Albany, SUNY. His basic and applied research focuses on variables and processes that contribute to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety-related disorders. He has written widely on acceptance and experiential avoidance, and the role of emotion regulatory processes in the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Dr. Forsyth was the recipient of the 2000 B. F. Skinner New Research Award by Division 25 of the American Psychological Association and the 1999 Outstanding Dissertation Award by the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology. He has authored over 50 scientific journal articles, numerous book chapters, and several teaching supplements for courses in abnormal psychology.
    [Show full text]
  • Expository Review of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT)
    International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research 7(2):101-111, April-June, 2019 © SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2019 www.seahipaj.org ISSN: 2354-2926 © SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2018 www.seahipaj.org ISSN: 2354-2926 Expository Review of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (R.E.B.T) of Albert Ellis As It Relates To Nigerian Situation Ebenezer, Jacinta Chinyeaka. M.ED & Maxwell, Eremie, Ed.D Department of Educational Foundation Faculty of Education, Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study gave a brief explanation of what a theory is all about. Thus, it means a set of tested assumption used overtime to produce a positive result. It also outlined the qualities of a good theory such as; meaningfulness, predictability, simplicity, comprehensiveness, usefulness and validity. The study mentioned its functions as; increasing the understanding of a body of knowledge through the explanation of some phenomena, encourages partway by which predictions are made and serve as a guide to research studies. The reasons for counselling theory were also outlined thus; providing useful information for both counsellor and client, helps in effective counselling, guidance and placement programme to take place educationally, vocationally and personal- socially. The study also mentioned the proponent of the theory as Albert Ellis (1959). It explains his ABCDEF theory where „A‟ refers to event,; B‟ refers to irrational belief and „C‟ refers to the behaviour that results from „B‟. His opinion on the use of „must,‟‟ should‟, ‟ought to be‟, His historical backgrounds and view of human nature were x- rayed as human beings being both rational and irrational, man having the ability to control his feeling and actions, emotional disturbances are not determined by external circumstances but his self-verbalization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Psychotherapy: a Professional Update
    Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy Volume 7 Number 2 Article 5 4-1-1981 The Effects of Psychotherapy: A Professional Update Michael J. Lambert Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/irp Recommended Citation Lambert, Michael J. (1981) "The Effects of Psychotherapy: A Professional Update," Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy: Vol. 7 : No. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/irp/vol7/iss2/5 This Article or Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY: A- PROFESSIONAL UPDATE Michael J. Lambert, Ph.D.· Presented at the AMCAP convention October 3, 1980 The following review attempts to summarize 2. It is not the result of "placebo effects" -- although research on the effects of psychotherapy and its some "placebo" and genuine treatments generate implications for the practice of psychotherapy. This "hope"and other emotions that increase successful review deals mainly with research on adult non­ coping and symptomatic improvement. psychotic outpatients. It is based on the assumption 3. It is not due to "spontaneous remission." The that controlled investigations will lead to replicable, effects of therapy clearly surpass no treatment or trustworthy, and significant findings. It is also spontaneous remission baselines. The assumed that it will result in findings that are specific­ "unsystematic" curative factors within society and -in the sense of identifying the actual causal the individual do not result in as rapid components in psychotherapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Psychodynamic and Interpersonal
    Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Motivational Interviewing, & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Ottawa Review Course January, 2017 Paula Ravitz MD, FRCPC Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Mt. Sinai Hospital, Morgan Firestone Psychotherapy Chair Disclosures & Acknowledgements • No industry relations • An IPT expert • WW Norton, “Psychotherapy Essentials to Go” (‘13,’15) • CanMAT panel, Psychological Treatments for MDD With thanks to CanMAT, Carolynne Cooper, Mark Fefergrad, Sophie Grigoriadis, Simon Hatcher, Jon Hunter, Rex Kay, Sid Kennedy, Molyn Leszcz, Robert Maunder, Edward McAnanama, Clare Pain, Sagar Parikh, Peggy Richter, Wayne Skinner, and Priya Watson OBJECTIVES Describe the evidence for efficacy, indications, goals, and key concepts of – Psychodynamic Psychotherapy – Cognitive Behavior Therapy – Motivational Interviewing – Interpersonal Psychotherapy List 6 “common” psychotherapy factors that are known to enhance outcomes. Psychotherapies are, “an integral component of psychiatric care,” and highlighted “the unique contributions psychiatrists can make when they are able to integrate psychological and biological approaches within a treatment plan.” Chaimowitz, CPA Position Paper: The Role of Psychotherapy in Psychiatry 2004 Psychiatrists’ knowledge and skills in evidence- supported psychotherapies improve our capacities as stewards of the mental health system, medical experts, consultants, leaders of clinical service teams, shared care collaborators, and trainers of future generations of mental health professionals…to provide the best care for the most complex patients. Psychotherapy in psychiatric care across settings from ER → in-patient med/surg (CL), psych wards → outpatient psych and primary care. Used alone, sequenced with, or combined w/ Rx, psychotherapies are recommended for most psychiatric DOs. Psychotherapy Outcomes Changes the mind & brain; Cost-effective Outcomes of psychotherapy – Symptom reduction (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in the Treatment of Stress
    This article was downloaded by: [New York University] On: 19 April 2013, At: 11:54 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK British Journal of Guidance & Counselling Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbjg20 Rational emotive behaviour therapy in the treatment of stress Michael Abrams a & Albert Ellis a a Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy, 45 East 65th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA Version of record first published: 16 Oct 2007. To cite this article: Michael Abrams & Albert Ellis (1994): Rational emotive behaviour therapy in the treatment of stress, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 22:1, 39-50 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889408253664 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Educational Psychology Papers and Publications Educational Psychology, Department of 2010 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Rhonda Turner University of Nebraska-Lincoln Susan M. Swearer Napolitano University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/edpsychpapers Part of the Educational Psychology Commons Turner, Rhonda and Swearer Napolitano, Susan M., "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)" (2010). Educational Psychology Papers and Publications. 147. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/edpsychpapers/147 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Educational Psychology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Educational Psychology Papers and Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology (2010), p. 226-229. Copyright 2010, Springer. Used by permission. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Therapy, Rational Living Therapy, Schema Focused Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Rhonda Turner and Susan M. Swearer Therapy. Department of Educational Psychology, Uni- History of CBT versity of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, A precursor to the development of CBT U.S.A. was the emergence of Albert Bandura’s So- cial Learning Theory. Unlike the prevail- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a ing psychodynamic or behavioral views form of psychotherapy that focuses on the of psychological disturbance, Bandura role of cognition in the expression of emo- viewed people as consciously and actively tions and behaviors. CBT assumes that mal- interacting cognitively with their environ- adaptive feelings and behaviors develop ments. He introduced the notion that cog- through cognitive processes which evolve nitive mediation occurs in the stimulus-re- from interactions with others and experi- sponse cycle of human behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • A Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/236948493 A Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification to Reduce the Feeling of Being Contaminated in Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Suffering... ARTICLE in PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS · MAY 2013 Impact Factor: 9.2 · DOI: 10.1159/000348450 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 5 233 2 AUTHORS: Kerstin Jung Regina Steil Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 4 PUBLICATIONS 28 CITATIONS 61 PUBLICATIONS 1,069 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Kerstin Jung Retrieved on: 29 October 2015 Innovations Psychother Psychosom 2013;82:213–220 Received: August 21, 2012 DOI: 10.1159/000348450 Accepted after revision: January 13, 2013 Published online: May 22, 2013 A Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification to Reduce the Feeling of Being Contaminated in Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Kerstin Jung Regina Steil Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Main , Germany Key Words tion in the CRIM group than the waitlist control (WL) group. Posttraumatic stress disorder · Disgust · Childhood sexual Between-group effect sizes at follow-up were large and abuse · Cognitive therapy · Imagery · Contamination highly significant (intensity: d = 1.52, p < 0.001; vividness: d = 1.28, p < 0.001; uncontrollability: d = 1.77, p < 0.001; dis- tress: d = 1.80, p < 0.001). PTSD symptoms also yielded a Abstract greater reduction in the CRIM group than the WL group, with Background: The feeling of being contaminated (FBC) is a large between-group effect sizes (Clinician-Administered common phenomenon in survivors of childhood sexual PTSD Scale: d = 0.93, p < 0.001).
    [Show full text]
  • Person-Centred Therapy Vs. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
    PERSON-CENTRED THERAPY VS. RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY The purpose of this paper is to present a brief comparison of the approach to psychotherapy of Carl Rogers and Albert Ellis. I have selected Albert Ellis for comparative purposes since he was one of the other therapists participating with Rogers in the film “Three Approaches to Psycotherapy” , made in 1964, centering on interviews with the client “Gloria”. Person-Centered Therapy Rogers first formulated the essentials of Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), an approach to helping individuals and groups in conflict, in 1940. At the time it was a revolutionary hypothesis that a self-directed growth process would follow the provision and reception of a particular kind of relationship characterized by genuineness, non-judgmental caring, and empathy. Its most fundamental and pervasive concept is trust. The foundation of Rogers’ approach is a human being’s actualizing tendency towards the realization of his or her full potential; which he described as a formative tendency observable in the movement toward 134greater order, complexity and interrelatedness. The person-centered approach is built on trust that individuals and groups can set their own goals and monitor their own progress towards them. It assumes that the clients can be trusted to select their own therapist, choose the frequency and length of their therapy, talk or be silent, decide what needs to be explored, achieve their own insights, and be the architects of own lives. Moreover, groups can be trusted to develop processes right for them and to resolve conflicts in the group. In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist provides continuous and constant empathy for the client's perceptions, meanings and feelings.
    [Show full text]