DOCSLIB.ORG

The Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1664

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1664 THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE 1638-1664 AMAN DUS JOHNSON, PH. D. THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE 1638-1664 AMANDUS JOHNSON, PH. D. THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE 1638-1664 BY AMANDUS JOHNSON, Ph. D. SECRETARY OF THE SWEDISH COLONIAL SOCIETY PHILADELPHIA THE SWEDISH COLONIAL SOCIETY 1915 COPYRIGHT, 1915 BY AMANDUS JOHNSON TO DR. J. G. ROSENGARTEN, SOLDIER, SCHOLAR, PHILANTHROPIST, MAN, WHOSE SYMPATHIES ARE LIMITED BY NEITHER RACE NOR RELIGION. Fort Christina (1654), section of Lindestram's plan of Christinehamn. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Fort Christina Gustavus Adolphus The Reading Room in the Royal Library Willem Usselinx Title-page of the Argonautica Gustaviana Axel Oxenstierna Letter of Peter Spiring Klas Fleming Fort Elfsborg near Gotbenborg New Amsterdam The Research-room in the Royal Library Landing Place of the Swedes Finnish Log-cabin Interior of the Finnish Cabin An Indian Family A Delaware Indian Woman The Budget of New Sweden Castle at Viborg The Ship Septer Tidö Palace Johan Printz Store-house Bill of Lading Sewant (wampum) Mora house Interior of the Mora house or Log-cabin Water-mill Indian Testimony Title-page of the Geographia Americae Swedish Log-cabin Store-houses from Finland Peter Stuyvesant Passport for Peter Lindeström Queen Christina PREFACE This volume has been prepared to meet the demands, made from time to time, for a popular edition of THE SWEDISH SETTLEMENTS ON THE DELAWARE. It is essentially an abridgment of the above-named work; yet in some particulars it is a new book. It is popular only in so far that foot notes and bibliographical references have been omitted: nowhere has the statement of fact been sacrificed to the embellishment of language. The book (which was begun last summer) has been written during the spare hours of "a very full schedule" and without the noble aid, inspiration and encouragement of the author's wife it could not have been finished for another season. The author also desires to thank the many scholars and others, here and abroad, who, in reviews and private letters, have encouraged the labor through favorable criticism of the earlier book. If this little volume is accorded the same reception by critics and readers as the large work, the labor in writing it has been well worth while. THE AUTHOR. Philadelphia, April, 1913. PART I. Introduction. Sweden Immediately Preceding and During the Occupation of the Delaware. Gustavus Adolphus. From a painting at Skokloster (H.) CHAPTER I. Political, Social, Religious and Other Conditions in Sweden, 1611-1660. I. The beginning of the seventeenth century marks a new era in Swedish history. The constructive statesmanship of the great Vasa (whose fruits were wasted by forty years of misrule) lived again in the famous Carl IX and in his more famous son, and during their reigns Sweden took first place among the powers of northern Europe. The first sixty years of the century was an epoch of war. When Gustavus Adolphus ascended the Swedish throne in 1611, the armies of his country were engaged against three nations, Denmark, Russia and Poland. The King was anxious to conclude peace with Denmark, but this was refused and hostilities continued. The enemy, however, had the advantage and was able to impose hard terms in 1613, when the two belligerents were finally tired of the useless and bitter warfare. The King could now send more troops to the aid of his generals in Russia, and in the summers of 1614 and 1615 he went in person to lead the operations there. In February, 1617, the Russian war also came to an end by the treaty of Stolbova, where peace negotiations had been in progress for nearly a year and a half. Through this treaty Sweden acquired the territories of Ingermanland and Kexholm ; and Gustavus Adolphus won two of his foremost objects,—Russia was pushed back from the Baltic, and a natural northern boundary for Finland was secured against the Cossack hordes. Poland, having lately renewed and firmly established the Catholic religion, was ruled by a King of the Vasa house, who had a legal right to the Swedish crown. She was the leading European power in the East and the standard-bearer of Catholicism against Turks and heretics, and hence a natural enemy of Sweden ; and finally she possessed territory and harbors, that had to be brought under Swedish control, if the dream of making the Baltic a Swedish inland sea should be realized by the statesmen at Stockholm. There were therefore various circumstances that might provoke hostilities ; but the immediate cause of the war was Sigismund's pretentions to the Swedish throne, and his continuous refusal to recognize Gustavus Adolphus as the lawful king of Sweden. Gustavus Adolphus therefore determined to attack the enemy in his own country, and in the summer of 1621 he set sail for Riga with a fleet of 148 warships and ten yachts, carrying about 14,000 selected soldiers on board, some being mercenaries from Scotland and Holland. The brilliant campaigns that followed under the King and his able generals arrested the attention of Protestant Europe, and many of the new faith called upon him to become their leader against the Catholics. He expressed his willingness to champion the Protestant cause, and presented a comprehensive plan of operations, while conducting diplomatic conferences with the representatives of England and Holland to the same purpose. But King Christian of Denmark, always jealous of his northern neighbor, also offered his services in the pending struggle and, as his conditions were more moderate and his demands on the allies less exacting than those of Gustavus Adolphus, he was chosen to be the Gideon of the Evangelical Union in its fierce combat with the Catholic League. The Swedish army and navy (both of which had been re-organized and largely increased) were therefore not yet to be used against the imperial forces. Gustavus Adolphus, hoping for more favorable times, went to finish his Polish war, and, after several victorious expeditions through which Sweden gained many advantages and extended her territory, a six years' truce was concluded at Alt-mark in 1629. [These campaigns, however, did more than bring about a truce and place several important cities under Swedish sovereignty; they prepared Gustavus Adolphus and his soldiers for the greater struggle about to begin, and furnished means for its prosecution.] King Christian, who in the meantime had lost his battles with the veteran Tilly, was forced to withdraw from the field. The time now seemed ripe for action. England and Holland were willing to submit to the plans of Gustavus Adolphus. The Protestant princes requested him to become "the defender of their heritage", and Richelieu advised him to take an active part in the contest. He negotiated with England, Holland and France, but with little result, as they gave evasive and indefinite answers. He was now fully determined, however, to enter the lists—it was a case of averting a future danger from his own kingdom—and in the autumn of 1629 he called a meeting of the council of state. This session became a turning point in modern history. It was decided that Sweden should take an active part in the Thirty Years' War. [The motives of Gustavus Adolphus for taking part in the Thirty Years' War are clearly stated in the minutes—they were religious, political and commercial. Cf. Fries, Svenska Kultubilder, p. 19 ff.] After large preparations Gustavus Adolphus set sail for Germany in June, 1630, with a picked army of about 13,000 men. He at once turned the tide of events. He rescued the Reformation and raised Sweden to a first class power in European politics, but his brilliant career was cut short on the memorable battlefield of Lützen in November, 1632. The government was now placed in the hands of "the five high officers of the kingdom", until Christina became of age, and the war went on. Success continued for a time to follow the Swedish forces, but the spell of invincibility deserted them at Nördlingen in 1634; and the two following years were dark and full of trials for the Swedish leaders, interrupted only by a few brilliant achievements of Johan Banér. Gradually, however, the sky brightened. Swedish statesmen like Oxenstierna and Brahe and Swedish generals like Bauer and Torstensson wrought success of what appeared to be disaster. Denmark had kept aloof from an active participation in the Thirty Years' War since 1629. She had seen the increasing influence and power of Sweden and her growing commercial interests and far reaching plans with envious eyes. Only one-third of the Swedish export and import trade, it was true, for the years 1637-1643 was carried on Swedish vessels ; but Swedish ships had been sent to other continents, the Swedish flag was waving over possessions in the New World, and indications were that the mastery of the Baltic would soon pass over to the power lying north of Öresund. King Christian IV endeavored to assert and sustain Danish supremacy in the Baltic and Danish jurisdiction in the Sound. A heavy toll (amounting to over $3,000,000 in 1639) was collected from vessels passing through the Strait, a large part of which was levied on Swedish merchandise. Besides, Swedish vessels were often confiscated, and the Danish king conducted a regular warfare in everything but in name against his neighbor. In the peace negotiations of Sweden, Denmark also played the false friend. But the opportunity for which Oxenstierna had been waiting was come. Denmark was to be attacked and the Swedish sword was to make an end of Danish interference. The Swedish navy, which had been greatly increased and splendidly equipped through Fleming's efforts, was put in readiness, troops were mobilized and other preparations were made, the real object of which was kept so secret that not even the Swedish representative at Copenhagen knew the intentions of his government.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Culture Contact and Acculturation in New Sweden 1638-1655
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1983 Culture Contact and Acculturation in New Sweden 1638-1655 Glenn J. Jessee College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Jessee, Glenn J., "Culture Contact and Acculturation in New Sweden 1638-1655" (1983). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624398. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-stfg-0423 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CULTURE CONTACT AND ACCULTURATION IN NEW SWEDEN 1638 - 1655 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Glenn J. Jessee 1983 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Approved, May 1983 _______________ AtiidUL James Axtell James WhdJttenburg Japres Merrell FOR MY PARENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................... v INTRODUCTION .................................................. 2 CHAPTER I. THE MEETING OF CULTURES .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Stony Brook University
    SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Invasions, Insurgency and Interventions: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark 1654 - 1658. A Dissertation Presented by Christopher Adam Gennari to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University May 2010 Copyright by Christopher Adam Gennari 2010 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Christopher Adam Gennari We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Ian Roxborough – Dissertation Advisor, Professor, Department of Sociology. Michael Barnhart - Chairperson of Defense, Distinguished Teaching Professor, Department of History. Gary Marker, Professor, Department of History. Alix Cooper, Associate Professor, Department of History. Daniel Levy, Department of Sociology, SUNY Stony Brook. This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School """"""""" """"""""""Lawrence Martin "" """""""Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Invasions, Insurgency and Intervention: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark. by Christopher Adam Gennari Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2010 "In 1655 Sweden was the premier military power in northern Europe. When Sweden invaded Poland, in June 1655, it went to war with an army which reflected not only the state’s military and cultural strengths but also its fiscal weaknesses. During 1655 the Swedes won great successes in Poland and captured most of the country. But a series of military decisions transformed the Swedish army from a concentrated, combined-arms force into a mobile but widely dispersed force.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1961, Volume 56, Issue No. 2
    MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL. 56, No. 2 JUNE, 1961 CONTENTS PAGE Sir Edmund Plowden's Advice to Cecilius Calvert Edited by Edward C. Carter, II 117 The James J. Archer Letters. Part I Edited by C. ^. Porter Hopkins 125 A British Officers' Revolutionary War Journal, 1776-1778 Edited by S. Sydney Bradford 150 Religious Influences on the Manumission of Slaves Kenneth L. Carroll 176 Sidelights 198 A Virginian and His Baltimore Diary: Part IV Edited by Douglas H. Gordon Reviews of Recent Books 204 Walsh, Charleston's Sons of Liberty: A Study of the Artisans, 1763- 1789, by Richard B. Morris Manakee, Maryland in the Civil War, by Theodore M. Whitfield Hawkins, Pioneer: A History of the Johns Hopkins University, 1874- 1889, by George H. Callcott Tonkin, My Partner, the River: The White Pine Story on the Susquehanna, by Dorothy M. Brown Hale, Pelts and Palisades: The Story of Fur and the Rivalry for Pelts in Early America, by R. V. Truitt Beitzell, The Jesuit Missions of St. Mary's County, Maryland, by Rev. Thomas A. Whelan Rightmyer, Parishes of the Diocese of Maryland, by George B. Scriven Altick, The Scholar Adventurers, by Ellen Hart Smith Levin, The Szolds of Lombard Street: A Baltimore Family, 1859- 1909, by Wilbur H. Hunter, Jr. Hall, Edward Randolph and the American Colonies, 1676-1703, by Verne E. Chatelain Gipson, The British Isles and the American Colonies: The Southern Plantations, 1748-1754, by Paul R. Locher Bailyn, Education in the Forming of American Society, by S. Sydney Bradford Doane, Searching for Your Ancestors: The How and Why of Genealogy, by Gust Skordas Notes and Queries 224 Contributors 228 Annual Subscription to the Magazine, $4.00.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of the Chicheley Plowdens A.D. 1590-1913; with Four
    DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY J ^e \°0 * \ RECORDS OF THE CHICHELEY PLOWDENS, a.d. 1590-1913 /{/w v » Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from hb Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/recordsofchichel01plow RECORDS it OF THE Chicheley Plowdens A.D. I59O-I9I3 With Four Alphabetical Indices, Four Pedigree Sheets, and a Portrait of Edmund, the great Elizabethan lawyer BY WALTER F. C. CHICHELEY PLOWDEN (Late Indian Army) PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION HEATH, CRANTON & OUSELEY LTD. FLEET LANE, LONDON, E. C. 1914 ?7 3AV CONTENTS PAGB Introduction ....... i PART I FIRST SERIES The Plowdens of Plowden ..... 6 SECOND SERIES The Chicheley Plowdens . .18 THIRD SERIES The Welsh Plowdens . .41 FOURTH SERIES The American Plowdens ..... 43 PART II CHAPTER I. Sir Edmund Plowden of Wanstead, Kt. (1590-1659) 51 II. Francis the Disinherited and his Descendants, the Plowdens of Bushwood, Maryland, U.S.A. 99 III. Thomas Plowden of Lasham .... 107 IV. Francis of New Albion and his Descendants in Wales . - .112 V. The first two James Plowdens, with some Account OF THE CHICHELEYS AND THE STRANGE WlLL OF Richard Norton of Southwick . .116 VI. The Rev. James Chicheley Plowden, and his Descendants by his Eldest Son, James (4), with an Account of some of his Younger Children . 136 v Contents CHAPTER PAGE VII. Richard and Henry, the Pioneers of the Family in India, and their Children . 151 VIII. The Grandchildren of Richard Chicheley, the H.E.I.C. Director . , . .176 IX. The Grandchildren of Trevor, by his Sons, Trevor (2) and George ..... 186 Conclusion . .191 VI EXPLANATION OF THE SHIELD ON COVER The various arms, twelve in number, in the Chicheley Plowden shield, reading from left to right, are : 1.
    [Show full text]
  • King of Battle
    tI'1{1l1JOC 'Branch !J{istory Series KING OF BATTLE A BRANCH HISTORY OF THE U.S. ARMY'S FIELD ARTILLERY By Boyd L. Dastrup Office of the Command 9iistorian runited States !Jl.rmy rrraining and tIJoctrine Command ASS!STANT COMMANDANT US/\F/\S 11 MAR. 1992 ATTIN' II,., ..." (' '. 1\iIO.tIS ,")\,'/2tt Tech!lical librar fort SII), OK ~3503'031~ ..~ TRADOC Branch History Series KING OF BATTLE A BRANCH HISTORY OF THE U.S. ARMY'S FIELD ARTILLERY I t+ j f I by f f Boyd L. Dastrup Morris Swett T. n1 Property of' '1 seCh cal Library, USAFAS U.l• .1:ruy Office of the Command Historian United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Fort Monroe, Virginia 1992 u.s. ARMY TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND General Frederick M. Franks, Jr.. Commander M~or General Donald M. Lionetti Chief of Staff Dr. Henry O. Malone, Jr. Chief Historian Mr. John L. Romjue Chief, Historical Studies and Publication TRADOC BRANCH HISTORY SERIES Henry O. Malone and John L. Romjue, General Editors TRADOC Branch Histories are historical studies that treat the Army branches for which TRADOC has Armywide proponent responsibility. They are intended to promote professional development of Army leaders and serve a wider audience as a reference source for information on the various branches. The series presents documented, con- cise narratives on the evolution of doctrine, organization, materiel, and training in the individual Army branches to support the Command's mission of preparing the army for war and charting its future. iii Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dastrup, Boyd L.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to South Dakota Norwegian-American Collections
    GUIDE TO COLLECTIONS RELATING TO SOUTH DAKOTA NORWEGIAN-AMERICANS Compiled by Harry F. Thompson, Ph.D. Director of Research Collections and Publications The Center for Western Studies With the assistance of Arthur R. Huseboe, Ph.D. and Paul B. Olson Additional assistance by Carol Riswold, D. Joy Harris, and Laura Plowman Originally published in 1991 by The Center for Western Studies, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 and updated in 2007. Original publication was made possible by a grant from the South Dakota Committee on the Humanities and by a gift from Harold L. Torness of Sisseton, South Dakota. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Albright College 2 Augustana College, The Center for Western Studies 3 Augustana College, Mikkelsen Library 4 Augustana College (IL), Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center 5 Black Hills State University 6 Brookings Public Library 7 Canton Public Library 8 Centerville Public Library 9 Codington County Historical Society 10 Cornell University Libraries 11 Dakota State University 12 Dakota Wesleyan University 13 Dewey County Library 14 Elk Point Community Library 15 Grant County Public Library 16 Phoebe Apperson Hearst Library 17 J. Roland Hove 18 Luther College 19 Minnehaha County Historical Society 20 Minnehaha County Rural Public Library 21 Minnesota Historical Society, Research Center 2 22 Mitchell Area Genealogical Society 23 Mobridge Public Library 24 National Archives--Central Plains Region 25 North Dakota State University, North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies 26 Norwegian American Historical Association 27 James B. Olson 28 Rapid City Public Library 29 Rapid City Sons of Norway Borgund Lodge I-532 30 Regional Center for Mission--Region III, ELCA 31 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Failure in the Anglo-North Atlantic World, 1570-1640 (2015)
    FINDLEY JR, JAMES WALTER, Ph.D. “Went to Build Castles in the Aire:” Colonial Failure in the Anglo-North Atlantic World, 1570-1640 (2015). Directed by Dr. Phyllis Whitman Hunter. 266pp. This study examines the early phases of Anglo-North American colonization from 1570 to 1640 by employing the lenses of imagination and failure. I argue that English colonial projectors envisioned a North America that existed primarily in their minds – a place filled with marketable and profitable commodities waiting to be extracted. I historicize the imagined profitability of commodities like fish and sassafras, and use the extreme example of the unicorn to highlight and contextualize the unlimited potential that America held in the minds of early-modern projectors. My research on colonial failure encompasses the failure of not just physical colonies, but also the failure to pursue profitable commodities, and the failure to develop successful theories of colonization. After roughly seventy years of experience in America, Anglo projectors reevaluated their modus operandi by studying and drawing lessons from past colonial failure. Projectors learned slowly and marginally, and in some cases, did not seem to learn anything at all. However, the lack of learning the right lessons did not diminish the importance of this early phase of colonization. By exploring the variety, impracticability, and failure of plans for early settlement, this study investigates the persistent search for usefulness of America by Anglo colonial projectors in the face of high rate of
    [Show full text]
  • Book 1 Wilson, ND FIC WIL 0256HV2 100 People Who Made History
    TitleWave # Title Author Dewey Subject 25034V2 1 2 3 :--a child's first counting book Jay, Alison. E JAY Counting 100 Cupboards: Book 1 Wilson, N.D. FIC WIL 0256HV2 100 people who made history :--meet the : Gilliland, Ben 920 GIL History 0240SF8 100 things you should know about explore North, Dan. 910.4 NOR Exploring 1001 Bugs to Spot Helbrough, Emma E HEL Bugs 17147Z4 101 animal secrets Berger, Melvin. 590 BER Animals 29655F2 11 birthdays Mass, Wendy, 1967- FIC MAS 29655F2 11 birthdays Mass, Wendy, 1967- FIC MAS 0464MJ2 13 American artists children should know: Finger, Brad. 709.73 FIN Art 0425HS4 13 art mysteries children should know Wenzel, Angela. 759 WEN Art 0116VF7 13 modern artists children should know Finger, Brad. 920 FIN Art 0498YG7 13 sculptures children should know Wenzel, Angela. 730 WEN Art 18th Century Clothing Kalman, Bobbie 391.0 KAL History: Clothing 07891Y9 18th century clothing Kalman, Bobbie. 391 KAL History: Clothing 30401V4 19 varieties of gazelle :--poems of the : Nye, Naomi Shihab 811 NYE Poetry 19th Century Clothing Kalman, Bobbie 391 KAL History: Clothing 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Verne, Jules FIC VER 0085EP2 8th grade superzero Rhuday-Perkovich, Olugbemi FIC RHU *YA 0342PZ7 A balanced diet Veitch, Catherine. 613.2 VEI Health A Bargain for Frances Hoban, Russell E HOB Picture Book 0454EV7 A black hole is not a hole DeCristofano, Carolyn Cina 523.8 DEC Space 29515RX A book about color Gonyea, Mark. 701 GON Art 38082C1 A cache of jewels and other collective n: Heller, Ruth, 1924- 428.1 HEL 31417W7 A chair for my mother Williams, Vera B.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1934, Volume 29, Issue No. 2
    ^SA scse&M-"'-/ Edited by J. HALL PLEASANTS, M. D. Published by authority of the State VOLUME L Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1752-1754. The fiftieth volume of Maryland Archives, just off the press, is a worthy companion to those which have preceded it. It is the twenty-third volume of the sub-series dealing with Assembly affairs and is a handsome quarto volume of six hundred and sixty-two pages. As in other recent volumes of the work it is prefaced with a scholarly resume of the contents, by the Editor. The publication of the fiftieth volume of such a series is a matter of more than passing interest and should be a subject of gratulation to the citizens of the State at large, as it is an honor to the Maryland Historical Society, which has every reason to be proud of its stewardship of our State's invaluable archives. BENEFACTORS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FUNDS OF THE SOCIETY Mrs. Mary Washington Keyser, Gift of the Buildings and gvovmda of the Society ^1916). George Peabody, Gift (1806) $20,000.00 J. Wilson Leakin, Bequest (1923), Historical relics and 10,000.00 Drayton Meade Hite, Gift (1919) 1,000.00 and Bequest (1923) 6,000.00 Mrs. Drayton Meade Hite, Bequest (1927) 4,000.00 Mendes Cohen, Bequest (1915) 5,000.00 Mrs. Caroline J. Lytle (1928) 5,000.00 Van Lear Black, Gift - 1,500.00 Miss Eleanor S. Cohen, Gifts (1919), Historical relics and $300, Memorial to her parents, Israel and Cecilia E.
    [Show full text]
  • SCS News Fall-Winter 2006, Volume 3, Number 5
    Swedish Colonial News Volume 3, Number 5 Fall/Winter 2006 Preserving the legacy of the Royal New Sweden Colony in America House of Sweden Opens New Embassy of Sweden is a Washington Landmark Ola Salo, lead singer of the Swedish rock band “The Ark,” performs during the opening of the House of Sweden. A large crowd was on hand to inaugurate of Sweden and many other dignitaries were In this issue... Sweden’s new home in America, the House on hand for the opening ceremonies. With of Sweden. “House of Sweden is much more a K Street location on Washington Harbor, FOREFATHERS 2 than an embassy. It is a place for Sweden and Sweden has one of the best addresses in DIPLOMACY 5 Europe to meet America to exchange ideas Washington, DC. House of Sweden emanates and promote dialogue. This gives us a great a warm Nordic glow from its backlit glass MARITIMES 6 opportunity to carry on public diplomacy and facade with patterns of pressed wood. It is a project our modern and dynamic Sweden,” YORKTOWN 12 beacon of openness, transparency and hope said Gunnar Lund, Sweden’s Ambassador to the future. EMBASSY 16 to the United States. The King and Queen (More on page16) FOREFATHERS Dr. Peter S. Craig Catharina, Nils, Olle, Margaretta, Brigitta, Anders and Nils Andersson and Ambora. (See “Anders Svensson Bonde and His Boon Family,” Swedish Colonial News, Vol. 1, No. 14, Fall 1996). His Lykins Descendants 2. Christina Nilsdotter, born in Nya Kopparberget c. The freeman Nils Andersson, his wife and at 1639, married Otto Ernest Cock [originally spelled Koch], least four children were aboard the Eagle when that a Holsteiner, c.
    [Show full text]
  • Holy Roman Empire
    WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 1 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 CONTENT Historical Background Bohemian-Palatine War (1618–1623) Danish intervention (1625–1629) Swedish intervention (1630–1635) French intervention (1635 –1648) Peace of Westphalia SPECIAL RULES DEPLOYMENT Belligerents Commanders ARMY LISTS Baden Bohemia Brandenburg-Prussia Brunswick-Lüneburg Catholic League Croatia Denmark-Norway (1625-9) Denmark-Norway (1643-45) Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurpfalz) England France Hessen-Kassel Holy Roman Empire Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels Hungary & Transylvania Ottoman Empire Polish-Lithuanian (1618-31) Later Polish (1632 -48) Protestant Mercenary (1618-26) Saxony Scotland Spain Sweden (1618 -29) Sweden (1630 -48) United Provinces Zaporozhian Cossacks BATTLES ORDERS OF BATTLE MISCELLANEOUS Community Manufacturers Thanks Books Many thanks to Siegfried Bajohr and the Kurpfalz Feldherren for the pictures of painted figures. You can see them and much more here: http://www.kurpfalz-feldherren.de/ Also thanks to the members of the Grimsby Wargames club for the pictures of painted figures. Homepage with a nice gallery this : http://grimsbywargamessociety.webs.com/ 2 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 3 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 The rulers of the nations neighboring the Holy Roman Empire HISTORICAL BACKGROUND also contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War: Spain was interested in the German states because it held the territories of the Spanish Netherlands on the western border of the Empire and states within Italy which were connected by land through the Spanish Road. The Dutch revolted against the Spanish domination during the 1560s, leading to a protracted war of independence that led to a truce only in 1609.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweden in the Seventeenth Century
    Sweden in the Seventeenth Century Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden in the Seventeenth Century European History in Perspective General Editor: Jeremy Black Benjamin Arnold Medieval Germany, 500–1300 Ronald Asch The Thirty Years’ War Christopher Bartlett Peace, War and the European Powers, 1814–1914 Robert Bireley The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450–1700 Donna Bohanan Crown and Nobility in Early Modern France Arden Bucholz Moltke and the German Wars, 1864–1871 Patricia Clavin The Great Depression, 1929–1939 Paula Sutter Fichtner The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490–1848 Mark Galeotti Gorbachev and his Revolution David Gates Warfare in the Nineteenth Century Alexander Grab Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe Martin P. Johnson The Dreyfus Affair Paul Douglas Lockhart Sweden is the Seventeenth Century Peter Musgrave The Early Modern European Economy J.L. Price The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century A.W. Purdue The Second World War Christopher Read The Making and Breaking of the Soviet System Francisco J. Romero-Salvado Twentieth-Century Spain Matthew S. Seligmann and Roderick R. McLean Germany from Reich to Republic, 1871–1918 Brendan Simms The Struggle for Mastery in Germany, 1779–1850 David Sturdy Louis XIV David J. Sturdy Richelieu and Mazarin Hunt Tooley The Western Front Peter Waldron The End of Imperial Russia, 1855–1917 Peter G. Wallace The Long European Reformation James D. White Lenin Patrick Williams Philip II European History in Perspective Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71694–9 hardcover ISBN 0–333–69336–1 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
    [Show full text]