^SA scse&M-"'-/

Edited by J. HALL PLEASANTS, M. D.

Published by authority of the State

VOLUME L

Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1752-1754.

The fiftieth volume of Maryland Archives, just off the press, is a worthy companion to those which have preceded it. It is the twenty-third volume of the sub-series dealing with Assembly affairs and is a handsome quarto volume of six hundred and sixty-two pages. As in other recent volumes of the work it is prefaced with a scholarly resume of the contents, by the Editor. The publication of the fiftieth volume of such a series is a matter of more than passing interest and should be a subject of gratulation to the citizens of the State at large, as it is an honor to the Maryland Historical Society, which has every reason to be proud of its stewardship of our State's invaluable archives. BENEFACTORS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FUNDS OF THE SOCIETY

Mrs. Mary Washington Keyser, Gift of the Buildings and gvovmda of the Society ^1916). George Peabody, Gift (1806) $20,000.00 J. Wilson Leakin, Bequest (1923), Historical relics and 10,000.00 Drayton Meade Hite, Gift (1919) 1,000.00 and Bequest (1923) 6,000.00 Mrs. Drayton Meade Hite, Bequest (1927) 4,000.00 Mendes Cohen, Bequest (1915) 5,000.00 Mrs. Caroline J. Lytle (1928) 5,000.00 Van Lear Black, Gift - 1,500.00 Miss Eleanor S. Cohen, Gifts (1919), Historical relics and $300, Memorial to her parents, Israel and Cecilia E. Cohen (1920) 1,000.00 Miss Susan Dobbin Leakin (1924), Preparation of J. Wilson Leakin room and contribution to its contents. Charles Exley Calvert, Gift 1,150.00 Mrs. Thomas B. Gresham, Bequest (1920) 1,200.00 Isaac Henry Ford, Bequest (1916) 1,000.00 W. Hall Harris, Gift 1,000.00 Isaac P. Nicholson, Gift (1909) 1,000.00 Isaac Tyson Norris, Gift (1910) ] 1,000.00 J. Henry Stickney, Bequest (1892) 1,000.00 Mrs. Emilie McKim Reed, Bequest (1920) 1,000.00 Henry Stockbridge, Gift (1920) 1,000.00 DeCourcy W. Thorn, Gift 1,000.00 Mrs. DeCourcy W. Thorn, Gift 1,000.00 W. G. Baker, Gift 500.00 Mrs. W. Hall Harris, Gift 500.00 Adelaide S. Wilson, Gift 500.00 J. Appleton Wilson, Gift 500.00 William Power Wilson, Gift 500.00 Mrs. Rebecca Lanier King, Bequest (1928) 500.00 McHenry Howard, Gift 333.34 Charles McHenry Howard, Gift 333.33 Elizabeth Gray Howard, Gift 333.33 Simon Dalsheimer, Gift 300.00 Miles White, Jr., Gift 300.00 Miss Nellie Williams, Gift $ 200.00 Charles C. Homer, Jr., Gift 150.00 Raphael Semmes, Gifts 140.00 Mrs. George F. Libby, Gifts 125.00 Samuel M. Wilson, Gift 120.00 Louis H. Dielman, Gift 100.00 K. C. Hoffman, Gift 100.00 Henry P. Hynson, Gift 100.00 William Ingle, Gift 100.00 Mrs. Rebecca Littlejohn, Gift 100.00 John H. Morgan, Gift 100.00 Lawrence J. Morris, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Charlotte Gilman Paul, Gift 100.00 Mrs. Mary B. Redwood, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Mary Clough Cain, Life Membership 100.00 George Harvey Davis, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Ida M. Shirk, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Joseph Y. Jeanes, Life Membership 100.00 Bernard C. Steiner, Gift 100.00 J. Alexis Shriver, Life Membership 100.00 Mr. Edmund Key, Life Membership 100.00 Edwin Warfield, Jr., Gift 75.00 Mrs. Emma U. Warfield, Gift 75.00 Blanchard Randall, Gift 43.42 Ferd. Bernheimer, Gift 30.00 Walter I. Dawkins, Gift 25.00 William J. Donnelly, Gift 25.00 A. E. Duncan, Gift 25.00 Mrs. E. Edmunds Foster, Gift 25.00 John W. Marshall, Gift 25.00 John Parker, Gift 25.00 Mrs. Joseph Y. Jeanes 25.00 Daniel Annan, Gift 20.00 C. C. Shriver, Gift 20.00 Mrs. Francis T. Redwood, Gift 16.00 Mrs. John H. Sherburne, Gift 10.00 Mrs. Annie Leakin Sioussat, Gift 10.00 Samuel Grafton Duvall, Gift 10.00 Mrs. V. E. Mohler, Gift 10.00 William B. Levy, Gift 5.00 Philip Francis Trippe, Gift 6.00 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY INCORPORATED 1843.

H. IBVINE KETSEK MEMOKIAL BUILDING,

201 W. MONUMENT STREET,

BALTIMOBE.

OFFICERS.

President, VV. HALL HARRIS.

Vice-Presidents GEORGE L. RADCLIFFE, CLINTON L. RIGGS, RICHARD M. DUVALL.

Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, J. HALL PLEASANTS. JAMES E. HANCOCK.

Treasurer, HEYWARD E. BOYCE.

THE COUNCIL.

THE GENERAL OFFICERS

AND REPRESENTATIVES OF STANDING COMMITTEES:

G. CORNER FENHAGEN, Representing the Trustees of the Athenaeum. J. HALL PLEASANTS, " Committee on Publication. HENRY J. BERKLEY, M. D., " Committee on the Library. WILLIAM INGLE, " Committee on Finance. JAMES D. IGLEHART, " Committee on Membership. LAURENCE H. FOWLER, " Committee on the Gallery. J. ALEXIS SHRIVER, " Committee on Addresses. WILLIAM B. MARYE, " Committee on Genealogy. CONTENTS.

PAGE

FIGHT OF A CENTDBY BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEBTS. By Walter A. Powell, 83

THE SOCIETT OF FEIENDS IN MARYLAND. By Delmar Leon Thornbury, 101

LAND RECORDS OF BALTIMOEE COUNTY, 1674 AND 1675. Contributed by Louis Dow Soisco, 116

MARYLAND MAGAZINES—ANTE BELLXTM, 1793 TO 1861. Compiled by Gertrude Gilmer, 120

EARLY MARYLAND NEWSPAPERS. Compiled by George C. Eeidel, Ph. D. 132

AN ORATION. DBLIVEBED ON THE 4TH OF JULY, 1800. By Jno. L. Kerr, 144

THE BBOOKE FAMILY. By Ellon Brooke Culver Bowen, . . . 152

PBOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 171

NOTE AND QUERY, 173

Committee on Publications

SAMUEL K. DENNIS, Chairman

JOHN M. VINCENT, J. HALL PLEASANTS.

LOUIS H. DIELMAN, Editor. MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

VOL. XXIX. JUNE, 1934. No. a.

FIGHT OF A CENTUfiY BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVERTS. OVEE THE THREE LOWER COUNTIES ON DELAWARE WHICH RESULTED IN MAKING THE STATE OF DELAWARE A SEPARATE COMMONWEALTH.

By WALTER A. POWELL.

POEEWORD. The history of the contest of a century between the Penns and Calverts over the " Three Lower Counties," then a comparatively narrow tract of land along the Delaware Eiver, Bay and Ocean, which resulted in making the State of Delaware a separate Common- wealth, is found in the Archives of Pennsylvania, Maryland and New York. These Archives contain copies of grants, records, docu- ments, papers, proceedings, testimony and orders in the hearings in England before the Lords of Trade and Plantations in 1683-1685 and in the suit in Chancery decided in 1750 by Lord Chancellor Hardwieke in the contest between the Penns and Calverts. The claim is made that the existence of Delaware as a separate Common- wealth is due to the planting the De Vries Colony in 1631 at Lewes on a narrow tract of land two miles wide and thirty-two miles in length under a grant by the West India Company of Holland. England claimed the territory, now Delaware, being the East half of Peninsula lying between the Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware Eiver, Bay and Ocean by right of discovery of land from Cape Fear to Canada and by occupation by Colonies in many places long prior to 1631. June 20, 1632, Charles I made a grant to Lord Baltimore of Maryland—being all of the land between the Chesa- peake Bay and the Delaware River, Bay and Ocean and other land. In 1681, Charles II made a grant to William Penn of Pennsylvania. 83 84 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Penn, discovering that he had no outlet to his province, saw that he must have the " Three Lower Counties on Delaware " then a comparatively narrow tract of land along the Delaware Eiver, Bay and Ocean, for an outlet to Pennsylvania, even though this territory had been granted to Lord Baltimore in 1632. The contest between the Penns and Calverts over what was then known as the " Three Lower Counties," waged for nearly a century, finally resulted in taking from Lord Baltimore a part of his grant— the entire east half of his Peninsula, now Delaware territory, and giving it to the Penns. Delaware owes its existence as a separate Commonwealth to this fight of a century in which Lord Baltimore lost and Penn gained the east half of the Peninsula—now Delaware.

WALTER A. POWELL, April, 1932. Dover, Delaware.

The De Vries monument on the site of the Colony seated at Lewes by the Dutch in 1631 bears the following inscription: " That Delaware exists as a separate Commonwealth is due to this Colony." This inscription had its origin in a clause in the patent to Maryland issued by Charles I. of England to Cecelius Calvert— Lord Baltimore, dated June 20th, 1632, viz: "A country hither- to uncultivated (Hactenus inculta) . . . and partly inhabited by savages having no knowledge of the Divine Being." The De Vries Colony was planted in 1631 on a narrow tract of land on the coast extending from the present south line of Delaware north 32 miles to a point a little north of Bower's Beach and 2 miles in width, under a grant from the West India Company to Godyn and Bloemmaert and the purchase thereof by them from the Indians. The claim is made that as the De Vries Colony was planted in 1631, this " Country " was culti- vated and inhabitated by the Dutch prior to Lord Baltimore's grant made June 20, 1632 (hereafter discussed); consequently it was not then " uncultivated " and partly inhabited by " sav- ages ": Therefore, " That Delaware exists as a separate Com- monwealth is due to this Colony." The territory now known as Delaware, comprising the entire east half of the Peninsula THE EIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEBTS. 85 between the Delaware Bay and Eiver on the East and of the Chesapeake Bay on the West, does not owe its existence as a " separate Commonwealth" to the De Vries Colony. The " Three Lower Counties on Delaware " grew into a " separate Commonwealth" through a fight of a century between the Penns and Calverts over what is now Delaware territory. The following are the historic facts, records and evidence from which the east half of the Peninsula lying between the Delaware Bay and Eiver and the Chesapeake Bay grew into a separate Commonwealth. In 1609, Henry Hudson, in the em- ploy of the Dutch East India Company sailed into a Bay (Delaware Bay) in the " Half Moon." He was looking for a short-passage to the Indies. Finding that the Bay was full of shoals and dangerous he, without landing, sailed out to sea and up the New Jersey coast to Manhattan Island. In 1614, Captain Cornells Jaeobson Mey sailed in the " Fortune " from Holland to the Hudson Eiver. He then sailed south along the New Jersey coast to Delaware Bay, charting the coast. He gave the name, " Cape Cornells " to the cape now called " Cape Henlopen," and the name " Cape Hinlopen " to the point where the South line of Delaware as now established meets the ocean— now called " Cape James,"—changed by order of William Penn in 1682. In October, 1614, the States General of Holland granted to Merchants of Amsterdam and Hoorn exclusive privilege of trading for three years between 40 and 45 degrees of latitude (from about Long Branch, New Jersey to Canada though the ancient line of the 40th degree was then supposed to be a little north of the present site of New Castle); and called the terri- tory New Netherland. They later claimed that the boundary of New Netherland along the sea coast extended from (Old) Cape Hinlopen to Cape Cod and as far inland as title by pos- session warranted. The Dutch called Delaware River the South River. In 1615 and 1616 Captain Cornells Hendrickson in the " Onrust" (Restless) sailed up the Delaware River to Christiana Creek. In 1621, the States General of Holland gave a charter to the 86 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Dutch West India Company granting the right to trade and colonize along the entire American Coast from the Straits of Magellan to Hudson Bay for a period of twenty-four years. In 1623, the Company built Fort Nassau on the Jersey side of the Delaware River, but later abandoned it. The Dutch did not plant any colony on any of the above expeditions on the west side of the Delaware Bay and River. This roving commission was given by Holland notwithstanding the fact that King James of England in 1606 had granted two patents—one to the Vir- ginia Company and the other to the Plymouth Company, which covered the territory from Cape Fear, North Carolina to Canada: That under these patents many colonies were planted, the first one in Virginia at Jamestown in 1607, and in New England at Plymouth in 1620, and many fishing colonies earlier. Captain Nathaniel Powell and Robert Tindell, surveyors, were employed and sent over in 1607, by the Virginia Company in London to make surveys and maps of the new country. They made surveys, charts and maps of the country, which were used by Captain John Smith as a part of his history of Virginia. The author of " New Albion," published in London in 1648, in describing the Delaware Bay refers to Captain John Smith's book of Virginia and Capt. Powell's map. Captain Powell was killed by the Indians in 1622. In 1629, the Dutch West India Company granted to any member of the Company who would plant a colony in New Netherland the " right to select and acquire a tract of land Sixteen Dutch miles in length, if on one side of a river, or eight Dutch miles (32 English miles) on each side of the river, and to extend as far into the country as the situation of the occupiers should make desirable," on condition, however, that any one planting a colony should purchase the land from the Indians. The distance inland was later changed and fixed at one half of a Dutch mile (two English miles). Samuel Godyn and Samuel Bloemmaert, called Patroons, through their agent, selected and on June 1, 1629, purchased from the Indians the following tract of land situated on the west side of Delaware Bay and extending in length from Old Cape Hinlopen off into the mouth THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEETS. 87 of the South (Delaware) Kiver about eight Dutch miles (32 English miles a little north of Bower's Beach) and half a Dutch mile (2 English miles) in width. Godyn and Bloemmaert soon after formed a partnership with David Pietersen De Vries and others for the purpose of establishing a colony on this narrow tract of land two miles wide and thirty-two miles in length. The Patroons equipped a ship—the " Walrus "—Whale, which sailed under Captain Peter Heyes in December, 1630, with twenty-eight colonists and supplies for farming and whale fishing, to plant a colony on this narrow strip of land 2 miles wide and 32 miles in length. The " Walrus " arrived in Dela- ware Bay in the spring of 1631, and landed the colonists at a place which they called Zwaanendael—Swanendael—" Valley of Swans," just north of the present town of Lewes. They built a house " well beset with palisades in place of breastworks " and called it Fort Optlandt. This entire colony, except one man, was murdered and the house destroyed in a few months by the Indians. The whale fishing under Captain Heyes had been a losing venture; but encouraged by Godyn, De Vries, going as com- mander of the ship, agreed to undertake a voyage for whale fishing. De Vries, on May 24, 1632, sailed from Holland for the " whale fishery," not to colonize but to engage in " whale fishing." He arrived at the South Bay December 5, 1632, and on December 6th went up the river in a boat to Swanendael. He found the house destroyed and " lying here and there the skulls and bones of the people." A report of the murder of the colony had been received in Holland before De Vries sailed on May 24, 1632. He did not sail for the purpose of again col- onizing, but to engage in whale fishing. The whale fishing was a failure, and in the spring of 1633 De Vries sailed from the South Bay and arrived in Holland in midsummer of 1633. After the murder of the colony at Swanendael in the latter part of 1631, the Patroons never made any further attempt to colonize this narrow tract of land. It was utterly abandoned to the savages. When Charles I, on June 20, 1632, made a grant of Maryland to Lord Baltimore, this narrow tract of land 88 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

2 miles wide and 32 miles in length was primeval forest, un- cultivated and inhabited by savages. On June 20th, 1632, Charles I granted a patent to Cecelius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, to that part of a peninsula lying " be- tween the Ocean on the East and the Bay of Chesapeake on the West," and other land west of the Chesapeake Bay. This grant was bounded on the South by the present South line of Mary- land, on the east by the Ocean and Bay running North " into that part of the estuary of Delaware which lyeth under the 40th degree—where New England ends," and bounded on the North by a right line (the 40th degree) from " the said estuary called Delaware Bay " to the Chesapeake Bay, etc. This grant which included the Peninsula north of the south line of Maryland was named by the King " Terra Mariae "—Maryland in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria. It is this patent which contains the statement above that the grant is for a " certain regions . . . hitherto uncultivated (Hactenus inculta) and partly inhabited by savages." In 1638, the Swedes sailed up the Delaware River, bought from the Indians the land on the coast from Old Cape Hinlopen to Christiana and planted a colony at Christiana, now Wilming- ton, and later settled a few colonies along the river a short distance above and below Christiana. The territory from Chris- tiana to Old Cape Hinlopen was then a wilderness occupied by savages. After a lapse of twenty years the Dutch, in 1651, again came to the South Eiver and built Fort Casimer, now New Castle, without the shadow of a claim to the land either by occupation or purchase from the Indians. In 1656, they subjugated the Swedes, captured the Swedish forts and colonies and called the town, now New Castle, New Amstel. Recognizing the fact that they had no right or claim to any land West of the Delaware River and Bay, Peter Stuyvesant, the Dutch governor, in 1659, by order of the West India Company, purchased from the Indians the land from Bombay Hook to Old Cape Hinlopen and built a fort at the Hoornkill whorekill,—now Lewes, and man- ned it with five or six soldiers in order to annex it to the colonv THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEETS. 89 at New Amstel. This purchase from the Indians of land which they had in 1638 sold to the Swedes, included the narrow strip which Godyn and Bloemmaert had bought, June 1, 1629, from the Indians, but abandoned after the murder of the De Vries colony in 1631. The Marylanders were beginning to settle in that part of the country under Lord Baltimore and the Dutch abandoned the fort at the Hoornkill. Lord Baltimore, learning of the Dutch Colony at New Amstel, directed his agent James ISTeale, in 1660, to present to the Assembly of the West India Company in Holland, his patent to the territory of Maryland and notify the Assembly that the Dutch Colony at New Amstel was seated within the limits of Maryland, and demand sub- mission of the colony to Lord Baltimore. In 1664, Charles II made a grant to his brother James, Duke of York, of a large body of land which included New York, New Jersey and other land, but not the land west of the Dela- ware River. The Duke of York then sent his war ships under Sir Richard Nicolls to America, subjugated the Dutch and Swedes and took possession of the land, colonies and forts along the west side of the Delaware River and Bay occupied by the Swedes and Dutch—afterwards called the " Three Lower Coun- ties on Delaware." There were, however, no boundary lines named. The Swedes and Dutch occupied the land only along the coast about Christiana and New Amstel with a few settlers at the Whorekill. The Duke exercised jurisdiction over the " Three Lower Counties on Delaware " as an appendage of New York, and remained in possession thereof until he made deeds to William Penn, August 24th, 1682, although the de- scription in Lord Baltimore's grant to Maryland bounded on the East by the Ocean, Delaware Bay and River, covered these Three Lower Counties. Charles II, on March 4, 1681, made a grant to William Penn of the' Province of Pennsylvania. This grant was bounded on the East by the Delaware River from twelve miles North of New Castle Towne, unto the 43rd degree of North latitude; ... on the North by the 43rd degree ex- tending West five degrees in longitude; on the South by a circle drawn at twelve miles distance from New Castle and west- 90 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

ward on the circle unto the 40th degree and thence westward on the 40th degree to the limit of longitude above mentioned. When the respective grants were made to Lord Baltimore in 1632 of Maryland and to Penn in 1681 of Pennsylvania, the 40th degree was shown on John Smith's map and other ancient maps and charts as being a little north of New Castle. The King, Lord Baltimore and William Penn understood that this ancient line was the true line of the 40th degree. William Penn in April, 1681, sent his agent, William Mark- ham, to America to take possession of his " Province " and to settle boundary disputes, especially with Lord Baltimore. Lord Baltimore and William Markham, in attempting to ascertain the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, taking an observation with a sextant, discovered that the true line of the 40th degree was farther North,—viz. at the Schuylkill River about the site of Philadelphia. Penn now discovered that he had no inlet to or outlet from his Province: The 40th degree did not afford him a harbor; he feared he would have to buy one from Lord Baltimore and have ships enter and clear out of Maryland by way of the Chesapeake Bay. Penn then proposed to Lord Baltimore to buy a convenient port at the head of the Bay of Chesapeake so that he " might have a back port to his Province." " I told him," said Penn, " it was not the love or need of the land, but the water; . . . that I would not be thus importunate, but for the importance of the thing to save a Province; that without an outlet his country would be but a dead lump of earth." Lord Baltimore refused to sell or allow him a port on the Chesapeake Bay. Penn foresaw that he must have New Castle and the territory later called the " Three Lower Counties,"—New Castle, Kent and Sussex and the Delaware Eiver and Bay, otherwise his " commerce and trade would be at the mercy " of the possessor of these counties. He now applied to the Duke of York for a grant of these counties, but found the Duke hesitant about com- plying: But this grant was necessary to "save a Province." The Duke of York, though he had no grant from the King, finally, on August 24,1682, made two deeds to William Penn,— THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PBNNS AND CALVEETS. 91 one deed to New Castle and all that tract of land lying within a circle of twelve miles about the same. The other deed was to all that tract of land upon Delaware River and Bay, beginning twelve miles south from New Castle, and extending south to (Old) Cape Hinlopen, but without naming the west boundary thereof. In fact, no West boundary had ever been established. After the discovery by the sextant that the true line of the 40th degree was at the Schuylkill about the site of Philadelphia, Lord Baltimore claimed that this true line of the 4:0th degree was the north line of Maryland, and that all the land thereunto and also the " Three Lower Counties" were " comprised within his grant," and that the River and Bay was the east boundary line of Maryland. Penn maintained that his respective grants in- cluded all the land down to the ancient line of the 40th degree (New Castle) and also the " Three Lower Counties," although no western or southern boundary lines thereof had ever been established. In April, 1683, Lord Baltimore filed a petition with the King to settle the boundary disputes between Pennsylvania and Mary- land and to prevent a grant by the King to the Duke of York to confirm William Penn's title to the " Three Lower Counties." The King referred this petition to the Lords of Trade and Plantations for a hearing between Penn and Lord Baltimore. In these hearings before their Lordships Penn based his claim to the " Three Lower Counties " on the following grounds,— First, the absolute necessity of the possession of the Three Lower Counties on Delaware so that he could have free access through the Delaware Bay and River to his Province of Penn- sylvania. Penn made a written statement to their Lordships while he was still in America in which he set forth the fact that he had no outlet to his Province; that he had tried to buy from Lord Baltimore a convenient port at the head of the Chesapeake Bay. In this statement he set forth his interview with Lord Baltimore concerning his great need of an outlet for his Pro- vince, in which he said,-—" I told him it was not the love or need of land but water, . . . that I would not be so importunate but for the importance of the thing to save a Province "; " But that 92 MAETLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Lord Baltimore had refused to sell or allow him a port on the Chesapeake Bay." Second, That the boundaries of Maryland were vague, indefi- nite and uncertain. That Lord Baltimore was wrongfully claiming the land north of the ancient line of the 40th degree to its newly discovered location (The Schuylkill) and also the whole Peninsula to the Delaware River, Bay and Ocean on the east. Penn maintained that the ancient line of the 40th degree was the south boundary line of Pennsylvania. This ancient line of the 40th degree was finally established as the north line of Maryland both by the decision of the Lords of Trade and Plan- tations and by the decision of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke (hereafter discussed). Third, That Lord Baltimore's patent was only to land " hitherto uncultivated." In 1685, there were no living witnesses to tell of ancient settlements or of the murdered colony of a half century before in the primeval forest of an unknown country inhabited only by Indians. The evidence produced by Penn at the hearings before the Lords of Trade and Plantations was traditionary and nebulous with no living witness to tell the facts. It was of a general character—to the effect that the " country of Delaware was inhabited by the Swedes and Dutch as early as 1609 or at least before the date of Lord Baltimore's patent: " There was no evidence of the planting of the De Vries colony at Swanendael in 1631, nor of any specific settlement at all by either the Dutch or Swedes. In a suit in Chancery brought in 1735, a century after the De Vries Colony in 1631, by the sons of William Penn against the then Lord Baltimore (hereafter discussed) the allegations in their petition, evidently from the records in the suit in 1683 and papers of William Penn, deceased, were that in ancient times a settlement was " planted and inhabited by the Swedish nation and afterwards by the Dutch " on the land, and that the " Swedes and Dutch successively possessed and enjoyed for many years after the date of Letters Patent to the said Cecelius their said ancient settlements on Delaware." These allegations and the evidence offered in the suit show the THE FI&HT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEETS. 93 general, indefinite and erroneous character of the evidence before their Lordships in 1685. There was in fact no settlement by the Swedes, until 1638, and none by the Dutch until 1651, ex- cept the murdered colony in 1631 of which there was no evidence in either suit. In 1659, the inhabited part of the colonies of the Swedes and Dutch did not extend west beyond four English miles from the Dutch fort Casimer, now New Castle, nor south from Bombay Hook to (Old) Cape Hinlopen. The several ex- peditions from 1609 to 1629 by the Dutch were not for coloniz- ing but for discovery and trading purposes. The evidence and statements both by Penn in 1685 and by his sons in 1735 that the country of Delaware was planted and inhabited by the Swedes and Dutch and " successively possest" by the Swedes and Dutch were evidently confused with the actual settlement by the Swedes at Christiana in 1638 followed by the Dutch in 1655. William Penn did not know of the De Vries Colony settled at Swanendael in 1631, nor oifer any evidence thereof in the hearings in 1683-1685, before their Lordships. But even if he had known of this murdered colony the land after the murder had lapsed again into a primeval forest, was unculti- vated and inhabited by savages in 1632 at the time Lord Balti- more's patent was issued. In 1654, the head of the Chesapeake Bay was not seated, so the Marylanders did not take much notice either of the Swedes or Dutch, looking upon them as traders, " there being no road between the head of Chesapeake and Delaware Bays by which means the Marylanders could be informed of the proceedings of the Dutch and Swedes: " Nor was there any settlement at the Whorekill from the time of the murdered colony until the Dutch built a fort there in 1659. In 1655, the Dutch subju- gated the Swedes and claimed possession of the South River. In 1659, Lord Baltimore sent his commissioner. Colonel TJtie to New Amstel, who claimed all the land on the South Kiver for Lord Baltimore, and ordered the Dutch to leave or else declare themselves subjects of Lord Baltimore. Both before and after the Duke of York assumed jurisdiction of the Three Lower Counties in 1664, Lord Baltimore continued to assert his right 94 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. to these counties against tlie Duke, Swedes and Dutch. A few grants of land were made along and near the coast hj the Gov- ernors of the Duke of York—Lovelace and Andross. Penn, except along the coast, exercised no authority, nor made any grants of land in Sussex until after the boundary lines had been established in 1761. In Kent and New Castle Penn made some grants farther inland, but none on the western part of what is now Delaware. Lord Baltimore, especially in Kent and Sussex, continued making grants of land until the boundary lines were established in 1767. Courts had been established under Lord Baltimore, the first court on Kent Island in 1637. Counties had been organized—the first one in Kent County (Maryland), in 1650, followed by Talbot in 1660, and later but prior to 1682 in Dorchester, Somerset and Cecil. The courts in these counties exercised jurisdiction over the whole of the Peninsula until 1767 except in that part along the Kiver and Bay settled by the Swedes, Dutch, Duke of York and William Penn. Suits had been brought and judgments rendered by the Maryland courts in the various counties against the inhabitants and lands in what is now Delaware territory. The General Assembly of Delaware in 1775 enacted a law by which these judgments rendered by the Maryland courts could be collected and rendered effective through proceedings in Delaware courts. On the question as to the territory covered by Lord Balti- more's patent, there are several instances in which it was recognized that Maryland territory extended to and was bounded on the East by the Delaware River, Bay and Ocean. Charles II in the twelfth year of his reign in a letter to the " Governor and Council of the Virginias " recognized Lord Baltimore's juris- diction over Maryland " according to his Patent or charter of the said Province to him granted by Charles I." William Penn recognized the fact that the Delaware Kiver, Bay and Ocean was the East boundary line of Maryland, for in the interview with Lord Baltimore in 1683, he tried to purchase a port at the head of Chesapeake Bay for an outlet from his Province, even though he had two deeds in his possession to the Three Lower Counties made to him August 24, 1682, by the Duke of York. THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PENN8 AND CAIiVEETS. 95

In the litigation between the Penns and Lord Baltimore, the question as to the North boundary line of Maryland in Lord Baltimore's patent was submitted by their Lordships to three eminent lawyers—C. Wearg, J. Willes and P. York. They gave as their opinion that the ancient line of the 40th degree, which was above New Castle, ran to the Delaware Kiver, that the head of the Delaware Bay was understood in that ancient time to be at the 40th degree and that this ancient line of the 40th degree was the north line of Maryland. Notwithstanding the fact that Lord Baltimore's grant to Maryland was bounded on the east by the Delaware River, Bay and Ocean, that this boundary had been recognized in the several instances above cited, and dis- regarding the fact that Lord Baltimore had actual and undis- puted possession of the said entire Peninsula from the Chesa- peake to the Delaware Bay, except a narrow strip off of the east side thereof known as the " Three Lower Counties on Delaware " settled and actually occupied by the Swedes and Dutch and a few English under the Duke, that he was making grants of land and exercising jurisdiction through county gov- ernments and ancient courts above named over the entire Penin- sula to the Piver, Bay and Ocean except the jurisdiction claimed by the Duke of York over the narrow strip along the River, Bay and Ocean, the Lords of Trade and Plantations on October 31, 1685 made the following proposition to Lord Baltimore:— " Their Lordships taking into consideration what might be the proper boundaries of the country of Delaware in question, it is proposed that the whole Peninsula or tract of land called Delaware from East to West as far as Cape Hinlopen southward, may be divided into two equal parts between His Majesty and my Lord Baltimore." The proposition was rejected by " my Lord Baltimore." Their Lordships indulging in a fiction in the above proposition called the whole Peninsula or tract of land between the Chesa- peake and Delaware Bays—" Delaware," ignoring the fact that this whole " Peninsula " had been granted by Charles I to Lord Baltimore and that the King had given it the name " Terra Mariae" " Maryland" in his grant in honor of his Queen 96 MABTLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Henrietta Maria. The east lialf of the Peninsula was never called " Delaware" until the convention, Sept. 11, 1776, in adopting a " Declaration of Rights " called it " The Delaware State "—formerly styled " The government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex upon Delaware." It had been sometimes called " The Three Lower Counties," and when annexed by Penn to his Province of Pennsylvania was called " The Territories." Their Lordships had evidently determined that William Penn must have an outlet to " save a Province." By ignoring the grant by Charles I to Lord Baltimore of Mary- land, and calling the whole Peninsula " Delaware " they found an unjustifiable excuse for their subsequent report to his Majes- ty giving Penn one half of the Peninsula. On November 7, 1685, their Lordships, making no findings as to any settlement by the Swedes and Dutch, or either of them, made the following report to the King:— " Their Lordships resolve to report their opinion to His Ma- jesty,—that for avoiding further differences the tract of land lying between the River and Bay of Delaware and the Eastern Sea on the one side, and the Chesapeake Bay on the other be divided into two equal parts by a line from the latitude of (Old) Cape Hinlopen to the 40th degree northern latitude, and that one half thereof lying towards the Bay of Delaware and Eastern Sea be adjudged to belong to His Majesty and that the other half remain to the Lord Baltimore as comprised within his charter." " Nov. 7, 1685, His Majesty well approving said report, it was thereupon ordered by His Majesty in Council, that the said lands be forthwith divided accordingly." His Majesty had not made a grant to the Duke of York of the Three Lower Counties on Delaware at the time the Duke made his two deeds of August 24, 1682 to William Penn. His Majesty subsequently made a grant to the Duke of York of the Three Lower Counties. While there was no evidence before their Lordships of this murdered colony planted by Dutch at Swanendael in 1631, nor any knowledge thereof either by William Penn or their Lord- ships, yet Penn had offered evidence of a general character to the THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEBTS. 97 effect that the country of Delaware was inhabited by the Swedes and Dutch before the date of Lord Baltimore's Patent, though entirely erroneous except as to the murdered colony at Swanen- dael, therefore he was entitled to a finding on the issue made by him of " Haetenus inculta." On November 13, 1685, their Lordships made the following report including a general finding that the land was inhabited and planted by Christians at and before the date of Lord Balti- more's Patent with no evidence thereof except the general but erroneous statements above shown, and none as to the De Vries Colony or of any specific settlement by either the Dutch or Swedes. Their Lordships still indulged in the fiction of calling the Peninsula "A tract of land in America called De la Ware." " Their Lordship find . . . that this tract of land, now in dis- pute, was inhabited and planted by Christians at and before the date of Lord Baltimore's Patent as it hath been ever since to this time and continued as a distinct colony from that of Mary- land; so that their Lordships offer their opinion that for avoiding further differences the tract of land,—the Peninsula, be divided into two equal parts, etc.,—^following the order of Nov. 7, 1685, giving the east half to His Majesty and the west half to Lord Baltimore." This new finding does not appear to have been approved by His Majesty. This finding that the land was inhabited and planted by Christians at and before the date of Lord Baltimore's patent " as it hath been ever since to this time as a distinct colony from Maryland," could only apply to the settlement by the Swedes in 1638 followed by the Dutch in 1655 and English in 1664. It is conclusive of the traditionary and erroneous character of the evidence of settlements by the Swedes and Dutch at and prior to Lord Baltimore's patent. As Penn did not know of this colony of Swanendael, nor offer any evidence thereof in the hearings in 1685, before their Lordships, they, therefore, did not base their findings on their report of Novem- ber 13, 1685, on the settlement of this colony by the Dutch in 1631. On what grounds did their Lordships base their report that 98 MAEYLAND HISTOBICAL MAGAZINE. the entire Peninsula be divided into two equal parts giving the west half thereof to Lord Baltimore,—land given to him by his grant in 1632 and in his possession, and the East half thereof to William Penn ? Certainly the entire east half of the Penin- sula could not be adjudged to Penn because of the De Vries settlement at Swanendael on a narrow tract of land two miles wide and thirty-two miles long on the coast and Bay, for which Godyn and Blaemmaert had a patent from the West India Company but which had been abandoned and had returned to its wild state—uncultivated and inhabited by savages. The boundaries of this narrow tract of land on which the De Vries Colony was planted in 1631, even had it been known to Penn, the Lords of Trade and Plantations, or Lord Chancellor Hard- wicke, could not be extended and enlarged until they embraced the whole east half of the Peninsula so as to preclude King Charles I from making a grant to Lord Baltimore in 1632 of territory on the Peninsula beyond the limits of this narrow tract only two miles wide and thirty-two miles in length because of the clause " Haetenus inculta " in Lord Baltimore's Patent. The report of their Lordships that the Peninsula should be divided into two equal parts giving Penn the entire east half thereof was based on the absolute necessity of William Penn for an outlet to the sea to " save a Province "—Pennsylvania. It was entirely unwarranted, either in law or equity from the facts. Lord Baltimore, regarding the order taking from him the entire east half of the Peninsula to which he had a patent from King Charles I as arbitrary, unwarranted and unjust, refused to abide by the report of their Lordships or obey the order of the King to divide the land. In 1708 and 1709, Lord Baltimore filed petitions with Queen Anne to set aside the order of the King made in 1685. Both petitions were denied by the Queen. William Penn died July 30, 1718. He appointed his widow, Hannah Penn, sole executrix of his will. As Execu- trix and Trustee under Penn's will she assumed supervision of the affairs of the Province and Territories (Three Lower Coun- ties). The uncertainty of the boundary lines and ownership of the land both as between Pennsylvania and Maryland and the THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEETS. 99

Territories gave rise to disputes and difficulties wliicli many times ripened into violence. In order to avoid these difficulties an agreement was made in 1623 between Lord Baltimore and Hannah Penn as executrix that no person or persons on either side shall be disturbed or molested in their possessions for a term of eighteen months. This agreement put an end to border trouble for some years. In 1731 serious disputes accompanied with violence broke out between the respective grantees of Lord Baltimore and the Penns. These difficulties growing increasingly violent finally resulted in an agreement of compromise between John, Thomas and Richard Penn—sons of William Penn, and Charles Cal- vert—Lord Baltimore, a descendant of Cecelius Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. This agreement, dated May 10, 1732, after reciting that disputes and differences had arisen between the former Lord Baltimore and William Penn touching the bounds and limits of Pennsylvania and Maryland and Maryland and the Three Lower Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex, provided that, to put an end to the said disputes and differences, Lord Baltimore agreed to a settlement of the boundary disputes and to forever renounce and release unto the Penns all preten- sions to the said Counties of ISTew Castle, Kent and Sussex. The agreement further set out the metes and bounds of the east half of the Peninsula, and provided that a line on the south should be run west from Old Cape Hinlopen to the middle of the Peninsula, that from the end of that line a straight line should run northwards up the Peninsula until it touched the western part of a circle with a twelve miles radius from the center of New Castle, then following the said circle eastwardly until it meets the Delaware Kiver on the east. That commis- sioners should be appointed by the respective parties to run, mark and lay out the circle and lines accordingly. Commis- sioners were appointed, but failed to act and the agreement was therefor not consummated. Hostilities were renewed and acts of violence increased until there became a border warfare between the respective grantees of Penn and Lord Baltimore. Lord Baltimore again applied to the King to confirm his grant to the 100 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

" Three Lower Counties " as a part of the grant to him of Maryland. The Penns resisted the application on the ground that Lord Baltimore had made the agreement of Compromise of May 10, 1732, to divide the land and should abide by it. The Penns were then ordered by the King to file a bill in Chancery against Lord Baltimore for a specific performance of the com- promise agreement. In 1T34:, John, Thomas and Eichard Penn filed a bill in Chancery against Lord Baltimore for specific performance of the compromise agreement of May 10, 1732. In 1750, Lord Chancellor Hardwicke rendered a decision in favor of the Penns and against Lord Baltimore. (1 Vesey sr. 444) From the evi- dence the Lord Chancellor found that the boundaries in the respective grants to Lord Baltimore and William Penn were uncertain and in doubt; that Lord Baltimore claimed the land to the 40th degree (Philadelphia), but that latitudes were " set much lower anciently than now; that the ancient line of the 40th degree was supposed then to be above New Castle; that there is considerable evidence that Dutch and Swedes were settled on the east part of that country. That the result of all the evidence . . . amounts to make the boundaries of these coun- ties and the rights of the parties doubtful, that therefore the parties could not resort back to the original rights between them, but must stand upon the agreement." The Lord Chancellor, thereupon, decreed a specific perform- ance of the agreement of May 10, 1732, by Lord Baltimore. The decision and decree of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke was not based on the words " Haetenus inculta "—" Hitherto unculti- vated " in Lord Baltimore's grant, nor on the settlement made by the Dutch at Lewes in 1631, for the Lord Chancellor had no evidence or knowledge of this colony, but on the agreement be- tween the Penns and Lord Baltimore May 10, 1732, which was made to terminate hostilities and to settle their disputes and differences touching the bounds and limits of Pennsylvania and Maryland and the Three Lower Counties—JSTew Castle, Kent and Sussex. It was not until 1760 that Frederick, the Sixth Lord Baltimore (grew weary of the fight and accepted the THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEETS. 101 decree of the Chancellor as final. In accordance with this decree, Commissioners were appointed to run, mark and lay out the boundary lines as provided in the agreement, but the work was delayed by disputes caused mainly by Lord Baltimore. In 1763, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, surveyors, employed by Thomas and Richard Penn, John having died, and Lord Balti- more, began the work of running and marking the lines, boun- daries and circle of Delaware and between Maryland and Penn- sylvania as provided in the agreement, which was completed in 1767. The territory embraced within these boundary lines of the east half of the Peninsula became the State of Delaware. " That Delaware exists as a separate Commonwealth " is not due to the De Vries Colony settled at Swanendael in 1631 on a narrow tract of land two miles wide and thirty-two miles in length. The State of Delaware " owes its existence as a separate Commonwealth " to Penn's absolute need for an outlet to save his Province of Pennsylvania; This resulted in a fight of a century between the Penns and Calverts in which Lord Balti- more lost and Penn won the entire east half of the Peninsula— the territory now the State of Delaware.

THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS IN MARYLAND.

By DELMAK LEON THOBNBUET.

The history of the early years of the Friends is the history of its founder, George Fox, born in Drayton, Leicestershire, England, sometime in July 1624. ISTo movement succeeds un- less there is a prepared, receptive field, and he found a yearning to walk and live in direct communion with the Spirit of God. He began to preach late in 1647, speaking with force and earnestness, truly inspired, excelling in prayer, longing for a more spiritual life; and became the most powerful preacher of the day, presenting an outward life consistent with inner pro- fession and seeking divine power within, to live in accordance with God. 102 MAEYLAUD HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

The Independents were a religious body in England which allowed discussion after the sermon, and Fox usually entered their churches. At first, there was no idea that a new hranch of the church would be established, but because of the objections and obstructions placed against their worshipping in any exist- ing denomination, they found " meetings " actually established before the fact was realized. Once begun, the movement spread to other counties until by 1654 it was all over England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. The " truth " broke forth in America in 1656. Mary Fisher and Ann Austin arrived in Boston July 11th, 1656. They were committed to prison and kept there five weeks. More than 100 of their books were burned, and when released the jailer kept their Bibles and bedding for prison fees. The master of the ship which brought them, had to take them back gratis to the Barbadoes. Two days after they sailed on Aug. 7, 1656, eight new Quakers sailed into Boston, and were lodged in their recently vacated prison, kept eleven weeks in close con- finement, deprived of all material comforts, and eventually sent back to England. The first of the missionary Friends to land on Maryland soil was Elizabeth Harris in September of the same year. Under her ministry a large group of Friends was gathered around the Severn River and in the Isle of Kent. Among the " Convince- ments" was Robert Clarkson, a member of the House of Burgesses from Ann Arundell. Under date of January 14, 1658 (Old Style 1657) he wrote a letter to Elizabeth Harris, then in Eng- land, mentioning his wife, Ann Dorsey and husband, John Baldwin, Henry Caplin, Charles Balye, Elizabeth Beasley, Thomas Cole, William Cole, Henry Woolchurch, William Fuller, William Durand, Nicholas Wayte. He speaks of the localities at Herring Creek, Rhoad River, South River, Severn, Brand Neck, Seven Mountains and Kent Island. His letter mentions two messengers lately come to Virginia, but he did not know their names. For the first few years, the membership was a small affair drawn from persons with no definite religious affiliation. THE SOCIETY OF FEIENDS IN MAETLAND. 103

The persecutions in Maryland were mild compared to any other place. The Colonial Eecords, under date of July 8, 1658, report " alarm felt by the increase of the Quakers." What per- secution, that did take place, was based upon the mistaken idea that they were hostile to a well-ordered governmental regime. As soon as the real nature of the religion was discovered it be- came respected, largely due to the great leaders of the movement. Besse's Sufferings give a list of more than 40 in Maryland before 1658, given in V 2 P 378 et. sq Homewood Library. Josiah Coale and Thomas Thurston had " wasted " six months in prison in Virginia, though they made several converts, and upon release came up into Maryland with Thomas Campbell. Here they refused to submit to the authority of the Proprietor, and were ordered to move on. They made their way through the wilderness on foot, many hundreds of miles, to New England. The First Epistle to Friends in Maryland was written by Josiah Coale from Essex, England 7-5-1664, and the Second from the common jail in Kendal, Westmoreland in England 7-29-1665. This section of the old country was quite a field for George Fox where his most valuable convert was Margaret Fell, then the wife of Judge Fell of Swarthmoor Hall. He never joined the society, and at his death left her a great amount of property, with corresponding influence. Her house became the head- quarters of a missionary band, as many of the early preachers came from the vicinity of Cartmel and Ulverston in Lancashire- over-Sands, and of Kendall in Westmoreland. She became the wife of George Fox and brought her remarkable attainments, great executive ability and excellent judgment to the assistance of her husband, who though one of the most mystical of modern reformers was at the same time practical and full of common sense and filled with zeal for the moral, political and social wel- fare of his hearers. Both received from and wrote many letters to meetings in Maryland. He taught men to unfold the heaven that each carried within him on earth. Freedom of opinion in things pertaining to God; the wickedness of war; the influence of example; the evil 104 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. of slavery; the direct revelation of the Spirit of God, Christ, to the individual soul of each human being; the equality of men and women can be called the fundamental doctrines of his teachings. Thomas Thurston returned on foot to Maryland the following year after his forced leave, in 1658, and settled by taking up land, going into politics, and for his worldliness was finally dis- owned. In 1659 William Robertson, Robert Hodgson and Christopher Holder visited and converted many. Virginia ex- pelled the Friends in 1660 and many came especially to the Eastern Shore. Josiah Coale came a second time in 1660 for ten weeks. George Kofe ministered in 1661 and "found many settled meetings in Maryland." The most influential of these early leaders was John Burnyeat, who arrived in April 1665 and spent the entire summer travell- ing and laboring in the ministry within the Province. He came a second time in 1671 staying for several months at Patuxent. On the eve of departing he appointed the first general meeting for April 2nd, 1672, at West River that he might see all the Friends together. They came by boat for generally their houses were on water courses, the highways of the early day. Plain ordinary men and women were these pioneers, with the Spirit of God illuminating, inspiring, and guiding the soul within the body, accustomed to work with their hands and depend upon themselves but united in a spiritual group at " The Meeting." This 1672 meeting was twice blessed, for the Founder came up from Jamaica and under the magic of George Fox all were wonderfully comforted and edified. Fox and his friends jour- neyed down to the " Cliffs of Calvert" and from thence to Tred Avon, " Third Haven," near Fasten on the Eastern Shore. The primitive and quiet sect had flourished. Buildings had been erected along the creeks,—Wye in Talbot; Little Choptank in Dorchester; Island in Kent; Leonard in Calvert. Meetings at private homes are recorded: John Garye's on the " Cliffs " 1677; Francis Billingsley; Benjamin Lawrence at Patuxent 1679; Ann Chew's at Herring Creek 1679; Ralph Fishbourne's 1693 etc. THE SOCIETY OP FEIENDS IN MAETLAND. 105

Betty's Cove on Miles Creek must be where the first meeting house was built, having ten acres of ground, with graveyard, a school house and a teacher. The records of the Eastern Shore have been kept continuously since 1676. The Great Meeting House was built in 1693 actually on Tred Avon Eiver, and the older place was abandoned. The old place had a new fence in 1694 and another in 1708, but neglect and abandonment crumbled the walls which had been repaired and enlarged in 1676. The ravages of decay have effaced the landmarks in 1934, and while the plot is known, the exact location where sleep the Early Friends has been lost. The old record book of the West River Meeting was examined by the author. The first pages give two sermons by George Fox in the Barbadoes at Thomas Rouse's in 1671. Its first minute in Maryland is entered under the date 4th of 4 month, 1677, with four subordinate meetings—-West River, Herring Creek, Cliffs, and Patuxent. They also met at John Pitts House and Obiah Judkins. In 1679 there were meetings at West River on land formerly Francis Hookers, at Herring Creek on land formerly Samuel Chew's, at the house of Wm. Richardson on West River, at the house of Ann Lumbolt near the head of South River, at the house of John Belt, all in Ann Arundel. Samuel Thornbury, wife Sara, and three boys, John, Richard and Abraham Thorn- bury were Friends, settling on Lyons Creek, near the Patuxent, and having land there in 1667. Samuel Thornbury died in 1682, his wife remarried in 1683 to Richard Bedworth, who died, and she married third to Matthew Axon 1684. The Friends also met in Calvert County in a very old meeting house near Leonard's Creek and at the dwelling of George Roys- ton at the Cliffs. In Talbott County they had a small meeting house at Ralph Fishbourns, another at Howell Powsly, a third between Tuckahoe and King's Creek, and the 50 foot frame house at the head of Tread Haven River. The small ones were about 20 feet long built of clapboard. Preachers in 1679 were Mr. Wm. Richardson and Samuel Galloway's wife. 106 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

The districts north of the Patapsco were receiving many settlers, and the earliest record of the Patapsco meeting was made Aug. 22, 1681. The first quarterly meeting was held 12th day of the 6th month, 1681, at the residence of Thomas Hookers, and it had committe reports : Patuxent, Nothing to present at present, things being not yet cool. Sassafras, Nothing to offer at present. Chester, All is not well. Bay Side, All is not well. Betty Cove, Things are pretty well, excepting one particular. Tuckahoe, All things are well, and the most part are in love and unity. Choptank Things are not so well as they could desire, but nothing to offer the meeting. Muddy Creek, Things are pretty well. Nassawadox, Nothing from that meeting. The West River, Third Haven and Cliffs meetings owned small vessels for the use of Friends on journeys of much dis- tance and to and from the assemblies. These meetings were in existence in 1679, and there were others in Maryland, to-wit: King Creek, Anamessay, Patapsco, Pacaty Norton, Monuy, South Eiver, Mulberry, Elk Eidge, Gunpowder, Queen Ann, Mashel Creek. Transquaking, Herring Creek, and Cliffs. There was a "Youth's Meeting" at West River held on 2nd day 6th month, 1679. In 1700 a " Select Meeting " was held at Wm. Coale's on Fishing Creek. On March 16th, 1703, permission was given to the Friends of Patapsco to keep their Fifth-day meeting at the house of John Wilmore, on the north side of that River. A meeting on Gunpowder River was established before 1675. The Gunpowder Monthly meeting eventually was made up of Gunpowder, Patapsco (1703), Patapsco Forest (1746), Elk Ridge (Ellicott City) transferred from West River (1747), and Little Falls established (1752). The Patapsco Meeting obtained an acre plot on one of the highest knolls in the country-side called " Friendship," taken out of a larger tract called Darly Hall, by THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS IN MAETLAND. 10Y a deed from John Ensor and wife, of Baltimore County, planter to Eiehard Taylor, as Trustee on Feb. 12, 1713 and a house of worship was built by 1714. The land is now a part of Friend's Cemetery, on Harford Road and 25th Street, within two miles of Jones Falls, and was to be for the use of Friends forever. The building was of logs, and the Indians during its construc- tion supposed it was to be some fortification designed against them, but when they learned it was for a Quaker Meeting House, their fears were changed, to that of love and interest, and they assisted the Friends in the erection of the structure. After it was completed some of the Indians worshipped therein. It was the first church built within the present limits of Balti- more City, which was not even as yet made into a town, which happened 15 years later in 1729. St. Paul's at Charles and Saratoga Streets was built during the period 1730-1739. The County Seat in 1714 was at Joppa, where the Court for Balti- more County approved the trusteeship of the land on behalf of the Patapsco Meeting. This was used until 1781. The spot on which it stood is marked by a beautiful bronze tablet. Preparations for a move were begun 1773, by purchase of two plots' of 12 square perches and 59^ square perches in the square at that time bounded by Great York Street, now Baltimore on the south; by Harford now Central Avenue on the east; by Pitt Street, now Fayette on the north; and on the west by Smock Alley, now Aisquith Street. This was a narrow alley which was widened. By subsequent purchase a lot on Fayette Street wasi added in 1779, and another of 190 sq. ft. of ground in 1793. This rounded out the entire block except a lot at the northeast corner of Aisquith and Baltimore. The en- trance was on Aisquith Street nearly opposite Petticoat Alley, now Laurel Street. This is now a Public Playground owned by the city. The building was 51 feet long) by 40 feet wide, and with a gallery seated 600 people. George Matthews was the architect and it cost $4,500.00. The land cost $506.25. The east wall was taken down about 90 years ago and rebuilt. The popula- 108 MARYLAND HISTOKICAL MAGAZINE. tion of Baltimore in 1781 was about 10,000 and the first census in 1790 showed 13,503. The Gunpowder Monthly meeting received a request 12-30- 1780 from the friends of Patapsco to move to the new house in Baltimore Town, which was granted at the next meeting as reasonable and the name was ordered changed from Patapsco Meeting to Baltimore Meeting. In 1781 some subscriptions were raised to help defray the expense by the Gunpowder Meet- ing, but it is evident that most of the money was paid by the people in Baltimore. The first assembly in the new building was on 2-22-1781. The membership comprised 199 individuals in families, 12 single men, 14 single women, 9 orphans, 10 apprentice lads, a total membership of 244. Among the names of the membership are the following: Beall, Boyd, Brown, Byer, Carey, Coates, Cornthwaite, Davenport, Duncan, Duke- hart, Ellicott, Fisher, Harris, Hayward, Helm, Hicks, Hop- kins, Hussey, Jackson, James, Jones, Kelso, Lee, Marsh, Mitchell, McDermot, McKim, Miller, ISTaylor, Price, Kiley, Bees, Sheppard, Scott, Thomas, Townsend, Trimble, Tyson, Wells, Williams, Wilson and others. The first monthly meeting was held 12-28, 1792. At this meeting 5 additions in membership were made, 15 at the next, with 7 at the following, increasing the membership to 280. At this date the population of Baltimore was increasing rapidly. Friends were migrating from the surrounding country in Mary- land, Virginia and Pennsylvania. Friends were the leading religious body in membership, wealth and influence. At most of the monthly meetings several certificates of membership were received. Among these was one for Joseph Thornburgh B 1760 D 1820, who had lived in Cumberland Co., Pa., was wagon master in the Kev. War, and complained of for military service, and gave a certificate dated 6-11, 1796 to Baltimore Meeting from the Warrington Meeting, Pa. was received 7-14-1796. His minor daughters, Deborah, Elizabeth, Margaret and Sarah were admitted 8-12-1798. They switched around between the Gunpowder, Indian Spring and Baltimore meetings according THE SOCIETY OF FEIENDS IN MARYLAND. 109 to residence or convenience. On 11-23, 1798, Joseph Thorn- burgh, widower married Cassandra (dau. of Samuel Hopkins and Sarah Giles) Ellicott, widow of John Ellicott. She died 1812. Joseph Thornburgh was a merchant with a store on Baltimore St, having partners a brother-in law Joseph Miller, and a son in law Henry Webster. His sister Mary had mar- ried Wm Love of York, Pa, became a widow, and married 2nd to John McKim of Baltimore, on 9-24-1795, in the presence of her sisters Susanna Northland, and Sarah Conley and her broth- ers Joseph Thornburgh and Thomas Thornburgh and wife Phebe Wireman Thornburgh, all from Pennsylvania. Joseph Thorn- burgh was a man of wealth, accumulating his fortune in the iron smelting business in Pa., leaving more than a half million dol- lars, and appointing as one of the executors his friend Philip E. Thomas, who was afterwards the chief promoter in building the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and its first president. Joseph Thornburgh is buried in the Friends' Cemetery, 2506 Harford Koad, between his sisters, Susannah Northland on the nortb and Mary McKim and her husband John McKim on the south. The West Kiver Monthly meeting had been the original as- semblage since 1672, but on account of the rapid growth of the city, in 1790 it was transferred to the Baltimore Monthly Meet- ing. In 1799 the Library was founded, the oldest in the city with the exception of " The Library Company of Baltimore, organized 1796 and this was disbanded in 1854; but its books were secured by the Maryland Historical Society which had been chartered in 1844. The Friends' School was established in 1800-1801 on St. Paul's Lane where it remained until 1849 when it was moved to a building built in the rear of the Lom- bard Street Meeting House. The beginnings of an agitation for a new house started in 1801 with the purchase of a lot for $1725.00 at the southeast corner of Calvert and Lexington, now occupied by the Post Office. This was exchanged with cash for a lot 100 x 170 on Lombard Street betweeen Howard and Eutaw Streets, making the total cost $4200.00 in 1803. The new building was completed in 1804 at a cost of $13,250.00. In 110 MAEYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

1889 it was sold for $50,000.00 when the Park Ave. and Lau- rens Street building was opened for worship. The Western District in 1807 had 476 members to the East- ern District's 375 members, a total of 851. An unfortunate controversy arose in 1809 between the Districts concerning shares, titles, responsibility, and care of the burial grounds, too lengthy in details, that left its scars as long as the members participating therein, or their children lived. In 1819 the dis- tricts were merged, and the Eastern has remained a Preparative Meeting containing only a few members. The total of Friends in Baltimore in 1900 was 871, a gain of 20 in a hundred years, a painful example of a steady standstill. However numbers do not necessarily indicate strength. In 1930 the total number of Friends included in the Baltimore Meeting was 3,427. The early days of the movement were marked by zeal to spread the glad tidings to all people, and its missionary zeal has never been equalled and the extensive service and great expense was borne by the membership at large. Their leaders were con- strained to tell all men that God was seeking their salvation, not their destruction, and that Christ Jesus, the Light of the World personally visited every Soul, whenever and wherever that soul might be, for the betterment of mankind. Their dependence was upon the light of Christ, the heavenly and spiritual man, in their hearts and dwelling within. George Fox was not only a prophet founder but also a skillful organizer, believing that a true Gospel order should be exer- cised by spiritually minded Friends. The practical attitude to- wards treatment of the Indians, human slavery, tithes, truthfull- ness, marriage, equality of men and women, refusal to take oaths or to acknowledge the authority of man as against that of God, against war, simplicity (not uniformity) of dress, and the ad- mirable system of meetings, records and schools has lasted with little alteration to the present day. In his day, prejudice, con- tention and opposition and disputes were not allowed to come up in the regular meetings, for these were appointed to a special one for the discontented. THE SOCIETY OF FEIENDS IN MAETLAKTD. Ill

With the increase in numbers, there came a laxity in regard to good order of the Society, and a declension in spiritual life. The rigid rules of the Discipline became too concerned with forms and a substitute for patient and discriminating wisdom, tempered with love. Expulsion of members marrying non- members, rules in regard to dress and language, peculiar customs and outward practices brought on an almost total cessation of aggressive efforts to spread the doctrines of the Society and even of missionary efforts. A church not aggressive is sure to decline. When the list of disownments is read in the record, it becomes a matter of wonder that there is any Society left. It changed the Society from a church of believers into an association of those who depended alone upon internal spiritual guidance and neglected the importance of modern discoveries in science, history, religion, its scriptures and need of an educated ministry. This has been greatly changed during the last twenty years. From 1Y55 with the adoption of the printed discipline for the exclusive use of the meeting, and the prohibition of posses- sion of a copy by any individual, the elders and overseers gradu- ally exercised more authority. The attention of the Friends cen- tered upon enforcement, moral reforms and philanthropy, to the neglect of adaptation to the changes resulting from colonial to national standing on the part of the United States, and a shift of civilization from the foundation of agriculture on which it had been based hitherto to manufacturing and agricultural which became marked about 1835. The simple point of view that the great objective of organized religion is to spread the knowledge of Jesus Christ and the building up of believers was strangled. Traditionalism enslaved freedom when the attitude of the Meet- ing and officers became that of judging and cutting off the offender and not the encouragement of the weak and the restoration of those who had gone astray. The change of front in 1934 is truly marvelous in that secondary matters of opinion, forms, rites and practices have been subordinated to the increase of dependence upon the Lord directly in the personal religious life and character of the worshipper. The policy of withdrawal 2 112 MAEYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. and isolation has been abandoned for a missionary zeal of much clearer vision, deeper spiritual current, and greater unity for the spread of a doctrine of Peace, Right of Conscience, the non-essentiality of ordinance and ritual, the reality of the com- munication of the will of God directly to the individual, and the priesthood of all believers. Awakened to the necessity for a living ministry that creates a living people, and that it is accept- able to speak as to be silent, the Society lays today as much stress upon active cooperation as upon passive receptiveness in the call to the service, which must be desired earnestly and also intellec- tually prepared. Lifeless preaching certainly recommends silence, but the Glad Tidings sometimes have to be proclaimed with understanding by word of mouth to famishing souls. But doctrine, evangelization, and biblical knowledge were greatly neglected between 1755 and 1850, and spiritual life was very low, and a large proportion of the Society were Friends by tradition rather than by conviction. Thus the soil was prepared for the entrance of controversy. The years 1827-28 marks the rending of the movement into two parts. So far as to difference in doctrine, there was no need for any separation. Patient labor and suffering would have been better than division for there will always be as many differences in matters of opinion as there are individual human beings. A broken front, with diminished influ- ence, without a single constructive result, was presented to a period filled with new inventions, new ideas, new lands, and new knowledge. The Friends were slowly absorbed into the aggressive Methodists and Baptists. The older settlements were abandoned for the better land in the Ohio Country in the search for adventure and economic independence. Quietism and inflexi- bility and torpidity were potent, but none were so destructive as the divisions. The most prominent person connected with the separation was Elias Hicks, an eloquent, logical, intense and practical man, of powerful build, commanding personality and with great will power. The central cause of the controversy was his teachings as to the person and work of Jesus, taking practically the position THE SOCIETY OF EEIEND8 IN MAEYLASTD. 113 of the present day Unitarians. Jesus was superior to the rest of mankind because he had a greater work to perform, but yet a man liable to sin, but free from sinning because of his obedience, so that he became the Son of God, going through an experience in this respect that all mankind must go through. Elias Hicks presented a simple spiritual gospel freed from all man-made additions, and held that men are saved by the power of God. The death of Christ was an example of the necessity, without alternative, of being faithful and suffer, or else standing with God would be lost. The kind of a Saviour that mankind needs is with him all the time to save him at the moment help is needed. His discourses were generally on moral themes, and he was held everywhere in great esteem, his broad views on the atonement did not raise much difference until the elders of the Philadelphia meeting asked for a private interview, which was acceeded to. He brought along a number of his friends. The interview did not go on, but a subsequent correspondence did not satisfy the elders, and they condemned. In turn the Philadelphia Meeting removed the elders, and party spirit ran high. The schism was unfortunate, and choice of sides depended mostly on social and family motives. The widely divergent views could have been harmonized and at least tolerated. The different points of view were more the result of qualities of mind, and simply were a portion of the liberalism, chiefly unitarianism, of the early part of the nineteenth century. In the intervening century, the Friends have changed from being one of the most traditional bodies to one which believes in freedom and permits, allows and encourages variety of service and a development of individual gifts. How an old fashioned Quaker Meeting was conducted is worth remembering. In the split up two-thirds of the members in Philadelphia found themselves in the Hicksite division. In Baltimore at least four-fifths went with the " Hicksites." The " Orthodox " with- drew from the old, and set up their own establishment. Alto- gether 72 men and 118 women separated during the 18 years between 1829 and 1848, building their house on the side of a 114 MAETLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. steep hill on Saratoga Street at the corner of Courtland Street on a site now included in the bed of St. Paul Square or Boule- vard. It followed the style of the Philadelphia structures with an entrance on two sides of the front, one opening into the men's side and the other to the women's. A gallery for the youths occupied three sides of the interior. The minister's gallery of raised seats were on the side opposite the entrance. The seats were heavy wooden benches, with a board at the height of a man's shoulder blades as a back. One of the more wealthy ladies had a board inserted in the back of her bench, which was con- sidered quite luxurious. A partition as high as the tops of the benches separated the two sections, but just before services started, a partition came down slowly from the ceiling which landed on the center partition and made two meetings. The women elders sat silent in queenly presence, with intellectual and spiritual power shining out of their calm peaceful faces half hidden in the old fashioned plain bonnets. The men elders were people of vision, high ideals and Christian character. This congregation set its mark upon Baltimore. John Hopkins, Miles White, Thomas Wilson and a score of others, influential in the city, were among its membership. These were the days of horses and carriages. The animals were tied to trees and posts in the vicinity, and by the aid of abundant flies in summer time kept up a rhythmical and con- stant stamping on the cobbles to which was given the name of the " Quaker Organ." The only other music was the church bell of St. Paul's just above, which rang many times during the silent and vocal periods. When that church burned, and the bell toppled never to be replaced, there were few regrets in Court- land Street. And here they lived during the disturbance of the Civil War, with the neighborhood growing yearly less respectable. During the winter, the ice formed from surface drainage almost shut off access, and the summer time the mud, so 1864 a lot at Eutaw and Monument Streets was bought for $15,000.00. In 1867 a house was built for $31,000.00 of which 6,000.00 was turned THE SOCIETY OF FEIENDS IN MAEYLAND. 115 over by the Hicksite as representing the interest in property at the division. The north half of the property was sold 1918 for $24,000.00 and the rest of the property disposed of 1921. A fine lot on North Charles Street had been purchased and the present building at 3107 JST. Charles Street was built and occupied 1921. The greatest of harmony now prevails in 1934 between the divisions, and the scars of yester feuds have long since vanished from the mind. The younger generation has little interest in doctrinal disputes when there is so much to do in the social unlift and doing of good works. Christianity is an evolving religion and naturally must be expressed in the language and thought of each age and presents a variety of solutions for a multiplicity of difficulties. The end of religion is more abundant life. It explains to each individual the divided self with its struggle, and the evolution from a personal view point as one becomes mature, to a regard of duties towards society and humanity. The lower attributes are gradually surrendered and a higher power comes to the consciousness and union is formed with the Spirit. The rewards are gathered in the feelings of security and joy, which always follow from good character and conduct. This is the Gospel of primitive Christianity, voiced by the prophets of every period in history, and now on the threshold of attainment. The spirit is being liberated from ignorance, superstition and slavery to the forces of nature. Social and political institutions are being reformed for the benefit of the greatest number. Material progress is the foundation of civilization, but the idealistic and the spiritual is the superstructure of the really beautiful structure. The history of the Friends shows them as specialists in honesty, truthfulness, simplicity and purity of life and in the uplift of the weak and downtrodden. To them conduct and inner experience are one. In combining training of the appreciation of spritual values with the aesthetic in an harmonious and complete existence, they have pointed the way to the establishment of the Kingdom of Heaven on Earth. 116 MAEYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

LAND EECORDS OP BALT1M0EE COUKTY, 1674 AND 1675. Contributed by Louis Dow Scisco.

Land transfers are recorded in average number in 16Y4 but few are offered in 1675. The explanation probably lies partly in the distraction due to Indian troubles and partly in the division of the county into two parts. The Eastern Shore portion of the old county became Cecil County by proclamation of June 6, 1674. The naval war in Europe closed in 1674. The following items summarize pages 223 to 300 of the original Liber G- No. J, now on the record shelves, and pages 169 to 235 of the transcript in Liber T E No. E A. Deed, February 6, 1673-74, John Fallock and wife Jane, for 13,500 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Miles Gibson the 640-aere tract " Spryes Inherritance " at Eumley Creek. Witnesses, George Utie, William Hollis. Acknowledged before same persons. Deed, February 6, 1673-74, Richard Morgan conveying to Anthony Brispo the 100-acre tract " Crabb Hill" on the north side of Bush River. Wit- nesses, George Utie, William Hollis. Acknowledged before same persons. Deed, January 16, 1673-74, Richard Collins, blacksmith, for natural affection and love, conveying to his friend Anthony Brispo the 125-acre tract " Chillberry Hall" on the north side of the west branch of Bush River, giving possession by affixing a silver sixpence on the seal. Witnesses, George Utie, George Bayley. Deed, February 7, 1673-74, John Masters, planter, of Gunpowder River, for 2,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to John Waterton, gentleman, of same place, the 50-acre tract " Fox Hall" on a point at the dividing of Gunpowder River, near the Great Falls Run, and adjoining land formerly taken up by William Wignoll and land of Richard Syms, the tract having been patented to Richard Whitton and by him sold to Masters. Witnesses, John Ridge, Robert Sanders, Cornelius Bowyer. Seisin given by turf and twig February 10, 1673-74, before John Owen, John Ridge, Robert Gales, Richard Winly. Sheriff Thomas Carleton on March 3, 1673-74, has received from Dr. John Waterton one shilling for alienation. Letter of attorney, February 7, 1673-74, John Masters, planter, of Gunpowder River appointing John Ridg of same place his attorney to acknowledge in court his sale of land. Witnesses, Robert Sanders, Richard Syms. LAND EECOBDS OF BALTIMOBE COTJUTT. 117

Letter of attorney, December 28, 1671, Peter Sterling, chirurgeon, of Gloucester County, Va., appointing Mr. Thomas Long his attorney to acknowledge in court the sale of two parcels of land. Witnesses, Thomas Mathar, Giles Stephens. Deed, December 26, 1671, Peter Sterling, chirurgeon, of Gloucester County, Va., for 5,500 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Luke Raven, blacksmith, of same county, the 350-acre tract " Albrough" and the 100-acre tract " Tryangle," both at the middle branch of Gunpowder River. Witnesses, Thomas Mather, Giles Steephens. Deed, February 27, 1673-74, Gyles Stevens, sawyer, for 4,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Richard Bennett the 300-acre tract " Paradice " on the north side of Back River. Witnesses, John Keely, Thomas Long. Deed, January 8, 1673-74, Gyles Stevens of Back River, for 2,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Barnwell Smith of same place the 65-acre tract " The Wedge" on the north side of Back River, adjoining land formerly laid out for Robert Dorman and land of William Ebdon. Witnesses, Thomas Long, William Bisse. Deed, June 3, 1674, Thomas Ramsey, for 3,000 pounds of tobacco and a three-year old barrow, conveying to John West the 200-acre tract " Fareall" on the west side of Towelson's Creek at Sassafras River, adjoining land formerly taken up by Andrew Toulson. Witnesses, Augustin Harman, Bruerton Vaughan. Acknowledged June 2, 1674, in court. Deed, June 2, 1674, Mary Harmar, widow, conveying to Robert Benjar and John Johnson the 150-acre tract " Olivers Reserve " on the east side of the middle branch of Gunpowder River and facing west to land formerly taken up by Capt. Cornwallis, this tract being formerly taken up by Oliver Spry, deceased, and lately possessed by grantor's deceased husband Godfry Harmar. Witnesses, Thomas Salmon, William Dunkerton. Ack- nowledged in court by grantor. Deed, June 2, 1674, John Willis, planter, conveying to Joseph Hopkins, gentleman, the 200-acre tract " Chenyche " now occupied by grantor, on the south side of Chirne Creek, the land being patented September 25, 1666, to William Peirce and sold by him to Willis. Witnesses, Nathaniell Stiles, Thomas Long. Acknowledged June 2 in court by grantor. Letter of attorney, March 9, 1673-74, Rowland Williams appointing Mr. John Walston his attorney to acknowledge the sale of 300 acres at Troopes Neck at Spesuty Creek to Mr. James Ives, merchant. Witnesses, Peter Ellis, John Cooke. Deed, November 4, 1673, Rowland Williams, planter, for 18,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to James Ives the 300-acre tract " Overton " at the mouth of Speas Utia Creek. Witnesses, Nathaniell Utie, Henry Haselwood. Acknowledged June 2, 1674, by John Walston as attorney. Deed, May 26, 1674, Richard Leake, planter, and wife Gwenlean, for 3,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Thomas Warde, planter, the 200-acre tract " The Marshes " at the head of Fishing Creek, adjoining land formerly 118 MAETLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. taken up by John Blomfeild and Nicholas Alom. Witnesses, Ed. Williams, Richard Baldbee. Deed, May 26, 1674, Augustine Harman, gentleman, for 7,500 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Henrick Matthias, carpenter, 500 acres on the north side of Bohemia Back River at St. Thomas's Creek and adjoining Rowland Williams's plantation, the land having been patented April 3, 1671. Wit- nesses, John Gilbert, Abraham Wild. Acknowledged on June 2 by grantor. Deed, June 1, 1674, George Wilson, planter, for 3,250 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Richard Lee, carpenter, 125 acres where Lee now dwells, at the head of Cornwallis's Creek on south side of Sassafras River, it being part of the tract " Verina " and adjoining to the tract " The Stripe " bought from Wilson by William Southbe, Lee to pay Wilson annually 2 shillings 6 pence for proprietary rent. Witnesses, Ann Gibson, Thomas Linsey. Acknowledged June 2 in court by grantor. Deed, June 1, 1674, George Wilson, planter, for 4,750 pounds of tobacco, conveying to William Southbee two adjoining parcels on the south aide of Sassafras River, one being 125 acres out of the tract " Verina " adjoining Richard Lee's land, the other being the 50-acre tract " The Slipe " at the mouth of Island Branch, Southbee to pay Wilson annually 2 shillings 6 pence on the 125 acres for proprietary rent. Witnesses, Ann Gibson, Thomas Linsey. Acknowledged June 2 in court by grantor. Deed, August 4, 1674, William Palmer, gentleman, conveying to John Tarkinton, planter, the 500-acre tract " Towcester" on the east side of Handly Creek on south side of Sassafras River, as patented August 1, 1672, to Palmer, and also all livestock except horses. No witnesses on record. Acknowledged August 4 in court by grantor. Deed, August 3, 1674, John Tarkinton, planter, and wife Prudence conveying to William Palmer, gentleman, two adjoining parcels at Musketta Creek and all livestock except horses, one parcel being the 250-acre tract " The Grove " at the head of Musketta Creek, patented May 1, 1672, the other being the 250-aere tract " Woodland." No witnesses on record. Acknowledged August 4 in court by grantors. George Wells certifies that wife's consent is given on August 2 in court. Sheriff Samuell Boston on August 4, 1674, has received from Palmer 10 shillings for alienation. Letter of attorney, May 3, 1674, Alee, wife of Nicholas Ruxton, appoint- ing Mr. Richard Ball her attorney to convey 200 acres on the south side of Bare Creek on north side of Patapsco River. Witnesses, Samuell Thomas, William Shilbourne. Deed, May 3, 1674, Nicholas Ruxton, planter, and wife Alee, for 4,500 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Thomas Jones, boatwright, the 200-acre tract " Nashes Rest" at Bare Creek in Patapsco River, patented June 3, 1663, to John Collett, senior, deceased. Witnesses, Richard Ball, Thomas Marshill. Acknowledged August 4 in court by Ruxton and Ball. Deed, August 3, 1674, Stephen Whyte, planter, and wife Ann, for 3,500 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Joseph Symons, planter, 100 acres, being LAND EECOEDS OF BALTIMOEE COUNTT. 119

part of the tract " Radinge" on the south side of Patapsco Biver, in Anne Arundel County, and opposite to the Rockes. Witnesses, Robert Benger, James Ives. Acknowledged in court of November 3-4 by grantors. Deed, September 28, 1674, Charles Gorsutch, for 8,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to William Wheatly, mariner, of London, the 100-acre tract " Spring Poynt" and the 200-acre tract " Health " on the north side of Patapsco River, adjoining land called " Spring Poynt" formerly taken up by Paul Knisely. Witnesses, John Bollen, Ralph Doncalfe. Gorsutch gives seisin to Henry Howard as Wheatly's attorney in presence of John Bollen, Richard Keene, Ralfe Duncalfe, John Woodwine. At court on March 2, 1674-75, Capt. Thomas Long as attorney for Gorsutch acknowledges the conveyance to Henry Howard as attorney for grantee. Deed, September 3, 1674, John Lee, planter, and wife Florence, for 7,000 pounds of tobacco, conveying to Joseph Gallion, planter, 200 acres at the head of the northeast branch of Bush River. Witnesses, Miles Gibson, William Bysse. At court of March 2, 1674-75, Lee acknowledges deed. Letter of attorney, November 24, 1674, Charles Gorsuch, gentleman, of Patapscoe, appointing Thomas Long, gentleman, of Back River, his attorney to acknowledge in court his conveyance of 300 acres to William Wheatly. Witnesses, John Kemp, William Bisse. Following are items from the contemporary record in former Liber I C No. A, now found in transcript Liber I S No. I K on pages 46 to 56. The presence of an undated minute indicates that the items came from a former court register now lost.

Certificate, October 12, 1672, the vicar and two churchwardens of Preston and Sutton Points parish [Somerset] declaring that John, son of Thomas Bradford, deceased, was baptized November 9, 1628, that William, eldest son of Thomas and brother of John, was baptized June 27, 1619, and that Thomas, eldest son of William, was baptized May 12, 1644. Assignment, October 18, 1672, William Bradford, clothworker, of Somer- ton, Somersetshire, conveying to his son Thomas Bradford, shoemaker, of London, his interest in property of his brother John Bradford, late of Maryland, who died intestate without wife or child, leaving plantation and chattels devolving upon his brothers William and Nicholas, and sister Susanna. Witnesses, Robert Marsh, Henry Pavie. Petition, undated, Thomas Bradford asking of Lord Baltimore an order to aid his recovery of the estate of his uncle John Bradford, born and baptized at Preston and Sutton Points parish and deceased about three years ago at Bush River, without heirs except this petitioner. Appendant notation, November 21, 1672, by Lord Baltimore, that he is satisfied by testimony received that Thomas is legal heir to the deceased. Deed, October 19, 1674, Thomas Bradford and wife Mary of London, for £19, conveying to Thomas Thurston of Baltimore County 250 acres formerly owned by John Bradford, bounded east by William Hollis's land 120 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

called Broad Neck, west by William Osborne's land, south by Bush River, and north by Miles Gibson's land. Witnesses, Andrew Miller, Nicholas Nagle, Bryan Burton, Mary Crowne. Letter of attorney, October 20, 1674, Thomas Bradford, of London, appointing Miles Gibson his attorney to take possession of John Bradford's 250 acres and other property and to deliver same to Thomas Thurston. Witnesses, Andrew Miller, Bryan Burton, Nicholas Nagle, Mary Crowne. Certificate, June 1, 1075, by John Tillyard, that he has given seizin by turf and twig to Miles Gibson, for benefit of Thomas Thurston, of the plan- tation of Thomas Bradford, heir to John Bradford. Witnesses, Arthur Taylor, Thomas Troute. Clerk's minute, undated, that Miles Gibson has appeared in court and has declared that he is no longer the attorney of Thomas Bradford.

MARYLAND MAGAZINES—ANTE BELLUM 1793 TO 1861.

Compiled by GBETEUDE GILMEE^ Professor of English, Georgia State Womans College, Taldosta, Georgia.

Allgemeine deutsche schulzeitung. Baltimore, Md. No 1-26, Je 15 ISSO-My 30 18401 *American Farmer. Baltimore; Washington. 1-15, 1819-34; (S2) V 1-6 No 4, Mj 9 1834-My 5 1839; (S3) V 1-6, My 29 1839-Je 1845; (S4) V 1-14, Jl 1845-Je 58; (S5) V 1-2, Jl 1858-Je 1861; (S6) V 1-5, Jl 1866-70; (S7) V 1, 1871; (S8) V 1-10, 1872- 81; (S9) V 1-9, 1882-90; (S10) V 10, 1891; (Sll) V 1, 1892; 74tli-78th year, 1893-F 189711 Subtitles vary. S2 as Farmer and Gardener; S3 V1-S4 V5 as American Farmer and spirit of the Agricultural journals of the day; S6 V3-S7 as American Farmer and Eural Register. American Journal of Dental Science. Baltimore, Md.; Phila- delphia. 1839-1895|| Suspended 1860-1867. American Law Journal and Miscellaneous Repertory. Phila- delphia; Baltimore, Md., 1808-18211| MARYLAND MAGAZINES ANTE BELLTJM. 121

V 1, PMla. 1808; Y 2, Balto. 1809; V 3, Phila. 1810; V 4, Balto. 1813, being the first of a new series; V 5, Balto. 1814; V 6, Phila. 1817; V 7, The Journal of Jurisprudence. A new series of the American Law Journal. Phila. 18211 *American Museum of Literature and the Arts. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, S 1838-Je 18391| 1 as the American Museum of science, literature, and the arts. *American Silk Society. Journal of the American Silk So- ciety, and rural economist. Baltimore, Md. V 1-3 Wo 5, Ja 1839-My 18411| *American turf register and sporting magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1-15, S 1829-44|| Annals of the propagation of the faith (Society for the propa- gation of the faith) Baltimore, Md. 1-86, 1838-1923|| Merged into Catholic Missions. *Baltimore Athenaeum. Baltimore, Md. 1, Je 1834-]Sr 14 18351| Separate numbers have title: Baltimore Young Men's Paper. Suspended Je 13-N 22, 1834 Baltimore Christian Advocate. 1- as Eichmond Christian Advocate; -35 Baltimore Chris- tian Advocate; 35-38, 1832-1903, Nsv 1, 1904 + Balti- more and Kichmond Christian Advocate. Kichmond, Ya. *Baltimore Literary and Religious Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1-7, 1835-41|| Continued as Spirit of the XIX Century. *Baltimore Literary Monument. Baltimore, Md. 1-2,0 1838-01839|| Continues Baltimore Monument. ISTone issued Ja 1839. Baltimore Magazine. Baltimore, Md. Jl 1807. 122 MAETLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

Only one number issued. Absorbed by Port Folio— Philadelphia. *Baltimore Medical and Philosophical Lyceum. Baltimore, Md. 1, Ap-D 1811|| *Baltimore Medical and Physical Recorder. Baltimore, Md. V 1-2 No 1, Ap 1808-Ag 18091| Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal and Review. Balti- more, Md. 1-2, O 1833-S 1834|| Continued as North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science. *Baltiniore Methodist. See Washington Christian Advocate. Baltimore Minerva. Baltimore, Md. D 1828-18301t Merged with Emerald and Baltimore Literary Gazette and was called Baltimore Minerva and Emerald until 1830, when it became Minerva and Saturday Post. *Baltimore Monthly Budget of Science, Literature, and Art. Baltimore, Md. V 1, No 1-2, Ja-F 184111 ? *Baltimore Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Balti- more, Md. V 1 Nos 1-12, E 1830-Ja 18311| *Baltimore Monthly Visiter. A cheap magazine devoted to popular literature. Baltimore, Md. V 1, No 1, Ap 1842|| ? Preceded by Baltimore Phoenix and Budget. *Baltimore Monument. A weekly Journal, devoted to polite literature, science, and the fine arts. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, O 8 1836-S 29 1838|| Continued as *Baltimore Literary Monument. *Baltimore Philosophical Journal and Review. Baltimore, Md. No 1,J1 1823|| *Baltimore Phoenix and Budget. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 1, Ap 1841-Mr 18421| Superseded by Baltimore Monthly Visiter. MARYLAND MAGAZINES ANTE BBLLUM. 123

*Baltiniore Repertory of Papers on Literary and other Topics, including a selection of English Dramas. Baltimore, Md. V 1 Nos 1-6, Ja-Je 18111| *Baltimore Saturday Visiter. Baltimore, Md. D 1832-18501 *Baltimore Times: devoted to science, art, literature, and gen- eral information. Baltimore, Md. V 1-3, O 2, 1830-S 22 18321| Title varies. V 1, Nos 1-8, Chronicle of the Times. Title changes with V 2 to Baltimore Times. *Baltimore Weekly Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1, Ap 26 1800-My 27 18011| *Baltimore Young Men's Paper. (See Baltimore Athenaeum) *Banker's Magazine. TSf. Y.; Baltimore, Md. 1, Jl 1846 + Continues Bankers' Weekly Circular and Statistical Record. Subtitle varies. Jl-D 1895 as Rhodes Journal of Banking and the Bankers' Magazine consolidated 6-20 also as S 2 V 1-15; 21-49 as S 3 V 1-29. Catholic Magazine. Baltimore, Md. See U. S. Catholic Magazine. Catholic Mirror. Baltimore, Md. 1-68, 1850-Je 13 1908|| Continues United States Catholic Magazine. Catholic Youth's Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1-4, S 1857-Ag 1861|| *Child of Pallas. Baltimore, Md. No 1-8, ]Sri800-Ja 1801|| *Christian Messenger. Baltimore, Md. 1-4, 1817-N 21 1818|| ? Christian Review. Boston, N. Y.; Baltimore, and Rochester. 1-28, Mr 1836-63, 28 V merged into Bibliotheca Sacra. *Chronicle of the Times. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 1-8, O 2 1830-1831|| ? Title changes with V 2 to Baltimore Times. 124 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Civil, Military, and Naval Gazette. Devoted to the interests of the citizen, soldier, and sailor. Annapolis, Md. V 1 No 1-9, S 12-N 7 1850|| ? Cohen's Gazette and Lottery Register. Baltimore, Md. V 1-9 No 29, My 2 1814-S 1 18301« V 1 No 3-V 8 No 23 as Cohen's Lottery Gazette and Register. Columhia Register. Washington; Baltimore, Md. 1-2, Ja5 1828-D26 1829|| 1 as Columbian Register. Includes a preliminary number issued D 1 1827 as V 1 No 1. *Companion and Weekly Miscellany. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, N 3 1804-O 25 18061| Continued as Observer. Cotton Plant. Baltimore, Md. 1, 1853|| *Covenant; a monthly magazine devoted to the cause of Odd- Fellowship. Baltimore, Md. 1-6, Je 1836-1842; S 2 Y 1-6, 1842-47|| ? Crystal Fount, a monthly magazine devoted to the order Sons of Temperance, temperance, and literature. Baltimore, Md. V 1-2 No 8, Ja 1 1847-Ag 1 18481| *Dental Enterprise. Baltimore, Md. V 1-4, 1858-1861|| Dental Times and Advertiser. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 1-4, Ag 1851-Je 18521| ? Deutsch-Amerikanische Didaskalia. Baltimore, Md. 1, 1848|| ? No 1—as Didaskalia. Didaskalia. See above. Educator. Baltimore, Md. 1, 1859|| *Emerald and Baltimore Literary Gazette. Baltimore, Md. V 1-2 (No 1-52), Mr 29 1828-Ap 11 1829|| Merged into Baltimore and Emerald, My 1829. Emerald. Baltimore, Md. 1, 1810-11|| MAEYLAND MAGAZINES ANTE BELLUM. 125

Episcopal Methodist. Baltimore, Md. -V 17 No 2, Je 13 1833 as Baltimore Episcopal Methodist. Evangelical and Literary Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1-3, 1818—20 as Virginia Evangelical and Literary Maga- zine; 4-6, 1821-23 Evangelical and Literary Magazine (Subtitle varies); 6-11, 1823-28|| Literary and Evan- gelical Magazine. Richmond, Ya. *Evangelical Lutheran Intelligencer containing historical, bio- graphical and religious memoirs with essays on the doc- trines of Luther. Frederick, Md. V 1-5 Mr 1826-D 1830|| Fackel. Literaturblatt Zur Forderung Geistiger freiheit. Baltimore, Md. 1-17, 1843-65|| ? Family Journal. Baltimore, Md. 1859?-1860||? Farm and Gardener. Baltimore, Md. 1834-39 (See American Farmer). Farmer's Book, or Western Maryland Farmer. Frederick, Md. VlJel840-Je 1841|| Free Universal Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1, Je 1793-94|| General Magazine and Impartial Review. Baltimore, Md. Je-Ag 179811 *Genius of Universal Emancipation. Mount Pleasant, 0; Philadelphia; Baltimore, etc. 1-16, 1821-39|| Continued as Genius of Liberty. Subtitle varies. Number- ing irregular. Guardian of Health; a monthly journal of domestic hygiene. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 1-12, S 1841-Ag 1842|| *Home Companion. V 1 No 1-3, Jl 1858-S 1858|| *Itinerant; or, Wesleyan Methodist Visitor. Baltimore, Md. V 1-3, N 12, 1828-0 26, 18311| 126 MAETLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

Journal of Agriculture. Baltimore, Md. V 1-3, Jl 1845-Je 18481| *Journal of Times. Baltimore, Md. 1, S 12 1818-Mr 6, 18191| Superseded by Morning Chronicle. Katholische Volkszeitung. Baltimore, Md. 1-54, 1860-1914|| ? *Key. Frederick Town, Md. V 1 No 1-27, Ja 13-J1 14 17981 Ladies' Literary Bouquet. Baltimore, Maryland. Ag 30, 1823-0 22, 1824|| Lutheran Observer and Weekly Literary Religious Visitor Baltimore, Md. 1834-3711 ? *Marvelous Magazine. Collection of queer . . . and wonder- ful tales. Baltimore, Md. JSrol-4?, 1804|| ? Maryland University. —Department of Pharmacy. —Journal and Transactions. VI No 1-18, Je-D 185811? Maryland Academy of Sciences. Baltimore, Md. transactions 1, 1837; Nsv. 1-2, D 1888-S 1908; V 4 No 1-3, 1921|| 1, 1837 as Transactions of Maryland Academy of Science and Literature. Maryland and Virginia Medical Journal. Baltimore, Md. V 1-16, Wo 5, 1853-My 18611| 1-5, 1853-55 as Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal; 6-13, 1856-59 Virginia Medical Journal. Maryland College of Pharmacy. Baltimore, Md. Baltimore Journal and Transactions. 1, Nsv 1-2, 1858-62|| See also Pharmaceutical Review. Baltimore. Maryland Colonization Journal. (Maryland State Colonization Society) Baltimore, Md. Nsv 1-10 No 12, 1841-My 18601| ? MARYLAND MAGAZINES ANTE BELLUM. 127

Maryland Magazine. Baltimore, Md. No 1, S 179411 *Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal. (Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland) Baltimore, Md. 1-3, O 1839-Je 184311 Maryland Medical Recorder, devoted to the medical science in general. Baltimore, Md. 1-3, S 1829-E" 183211 Maryland Pocket Magazine. No 1-11, F 1796|| ? Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland. Proceedings 1854|| Sketch of Proceedings—Jl 1853|| Summary of Proceedings. 1, 1799-18071| Transactions. 1, 1799 + *Medical and Physical Eecorder. Baltimore, Md. See Baltimore Medical and Physical Recorder. Methodist Protestant. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, 1831-32; K S. V. 1, 1835 + *Metropolitan; a monthly magazine, devoted to religion, educa- tion, literature, and general information. Baltimore, Md. 1-5, F 1853-Ja 1858; Nsv 1, F 1858-Ja 1859|| *Metropolitan, devoted to Literature. Baltimore, Md. V 1, 'No 1-10, F 1-Je 15, 18601 *Metropolitan; or Catholic Monthly Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1, 1830|| V 1 Ja-D, 1830|| Minerva. Baltimore, Md. 1829 united with Emerald and Baltimore Literary Gazette. *Mirror. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, N 1 1859-Je 1 1860|| Monitor. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, 18571? Monthly Mirror; or Maryland Museum. Baltimore, Md. Je 1793. 128 MAEYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Moonshine. (Lunarian Society) Baltimore, Md. No 1-5, Je 20-J1 23 18071|? Musical Magazine. 1792-1799, Nos. 1-5 12 mo. Cheshire 1792-1793. Baltimore 1793-1795. Philadelphia 1799. *Mutual Eights and Methodist Protestant. Baltimore, Md. Nsv 1-87 No 23, Ja 7 1831-Je 6 191711 ? Kunning title: Methodist Protestant. *Mutual Rights of Minister and Members of M. E. Church. Baltimore, Md. V 1-4, Ag 1824-1828|| National Magazine; or. Lady's Emporium. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, N" 1830-J11831|| National Museum and Weekly Gazette. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 1-16, N 13 1813-N 12 1814|| ? *Niles' National Register. Philadelphia; Baltimore. 1-75, S1811-J1 1849|| 1-6, S 1811-14 as Weekly Register. Pub. at Baltimore, etc. *North American; or. Weekly Journal of Politics, science, and literature. Baltimore, Md. 1, My 19-N 24 182711 *North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science. Baltimore. 1-2, O 1834-S 1835|| Continues Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal and Review. *North American Quarterly Magazine. Philadelphia; Balti- more. Preceded by North American Magazine. V 1-9; N 1832-Je 18381| *Observer. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, N 29 1806-D 26 18071| Preceded by Companion and Weekly Miscellany. Parlor Gazette and Ladies' Advertiser. Baltimore, Md. 1849-|| ? *Portico, a repertory of science and literature. Baltimore, Md. 1-5, 1816-201 Subtitle varies. MARYLAND MAGAZINES ANTE BELLUM. 129

Presbyterian Critic. Baltimore; Philadelphia. 1-2, 1855-56|| Principle. H. Y.; Baltimore. 1-2, D 1856-N 1858|| ? Public School Teacher's Association. Baltimore. Annual Address 1, Ja 25 1850|| ? Quodlibetarian. (Medfield Literary Society) Medfield, Md. 1-5, S 15 1859-Je 15 1860|| ? *Ked Book. Baltimore, Md. V 1-2 Eos 1-10, 1819-182l!| Reformer and People's Advocate. Frederick, Md. Ag-0 1844 (Democratic Campaign Weekly). *Keligious and Literary Repository. Annapolis, Md. V 1, No 1-24, Ja 15-D 23, 1820|| *Iieligious Cabinet. Baltimore, Md. V 1, Ja-D, 1842. Continued as U. S. Catholic Magazine. Repertory of Papers on Literature and other Topics. Balti- more, Md. Ja 1811-Je 18111 Robinson's Magazine; a weekly repository of original papers; and selections from the English Magazines. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, 1818-19|| *Rural Register. Baltimore, Md. 1-4, Jl 1859-D 1863|| ? Saturday Visiter. See Baltimore Saturday Visiter. *Sinai, ein organ fiir erkenntniss und veredlung des Juden- thums. Baltimore, Md. V 1-7, F1856-Ja 18631|? Southern Baptist Convention Proceedings. Baltimore, Rich- mond, etc. 1,1845 + Southern Lady's Magazine; a monthly magazine of literature, art, and science. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 1-2, Ap-My 1850|| ? Caption: Garland's Lady's Magazine. 130 MAEYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

Southern Pioneer and Gospel Visiter. Baltimore; Kichinond. V 1 No 1-12, O 1831-0 1832|| Merged into Universalist Union. *Southern Universalist, devoted to religion, morality, and rights of man. Baltimore, Md. V 1, No 1-7, My 5-Je 16, 18381| *Spirit of the XIX Century. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, 1842-4311 Continues Baltimore Literary and Beligious Magazine. *Temple of Truth; or a Vindication of various passages and Doctrines of the Holy Scripture. Baltimore, Md. No 1-12, Ap 1-0 24, 1801|| Theological Eeview and General Kepository of Keligious and moral information. Baltimore, Md. VI No 1-4, Ja-0 1822|| *True Catholic. Baltimore, Md. V 1-10, 1843-1853; N S U 1-4, 1853-18561 True Union. Baltimore, Md.; Washington. 1-12, D 8 1849-D 1861||? *Unitarian Miscellany and Christian Monitor. Baltimore, Md. 1-6 (No 1-48), Ja 1821-D 1824|| *United States Catholic Magazine. Baltimore, Md. 1-8, 1842-49|| 1842 as Religious Cabinet, a monthly periodical; 1843, United States Catholic Magazine, a monthly periodical; 1844-48, United States Catholic Magazine and Monthly Eeview. Succeeded by Catholic Mirror. Universalist Circulating Family Library. Baltimore, Md. No 1-7, 1836|| Vaccine Inquirer. Baltimore, Md. Nol-6, Fl822-Je? 1824|| ? *Wanderer. Baltimore, Md. V 1, No 1-26, D 9, 1815-Je 1, 18161| ? *Washington Christian Advocate. Baltimore, etc. 1,1859 + MAETLAND MAGAZINES ANTE BELLUM. 131

1-32?, 1859-1910? as Baltimore Methodist; V 34?-44: No 21, 1912 ?-Je 1922 Methodist. Suspended D 1920-Ja 6 1921. *Weekly Magpie. Edgewood, Md. V 1 No 8-27, Je 18-0 29, 18591| 1-7 were issued in manuscript. *Weekly Museum. Baltimore, Md. Ja 8-My 28 17971| Weekly Pilot. Baltimore, Md. 1841-|| ? *Weishampel's Literary and Religious Magazine. Baltimore, Md. V 1 No 140, Jl 1860-Ap. 1861|| ? *Young Ladies' Journal of Literature and Science. Baltimore, Md. 1-2, O 1830-N" 1831||

EXPLANATIOIf OF SYMBOLS V volume. No. number. N. S. New Series. II publication ceased with the preceding date or volume. + published to date. ? information incomplete or uncertain. (-) dash between volume numbers or dates signifies from and including the former to and including the latter. * Holdings of Maryland Historical Society. 132 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

EARLY MARYLAND NEWSPAPERS.

A LIST OF TITLES Compiled by GEOEGE C. KEIDBL, PH. D. Entries prefixed with an * are in Maryland Historical Society's Collection. (Continued from Vol. XXIX, p. 34.)

1846 [Annapolis] Maryland Gazette. * [Annapolis] Maryland Republican and State Capital Advertiser. * [Baltimore] American and Commercial Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] American Farmer. * [Baltimore] American Kepublican, and Baltimore Daily Clipper. * [Baltimore] Commercial Journal and Lyford's Price Current. [Baltimore] Constitution. [Baltimore] Culturist. Baltimore Daily News. * [Baltimore] Daily Republican and Argus. [Baltimore] Democratic Sentinel.(?) [Baltimore] Deutsche Correspondent. [Baltimore] Flag of Our Union. Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] Lutheran Observer. [Baltimore] Mutual Eights and Methodist Protestant. * [Baltimore] ISTiles' National Register. * Baltimore Patriot and Commercial Gazette. [Baltimore] People's Gift and Temperance Advertiser. * Baltimore Price Current (Lyford's). * [Baltimore] Republican and Daily Argus. * [Baltimore] Saturday Yisiter. EAELT MAEYLAND NEWSPAPEES. 133

[Baltimore] Spirit of the Times. * [Baltimore] Sun. [Baltimore] Temperance Herald. Baltimore Weekly Sun. [Baltimore] Western Continent. [Bel Air] Harford Eepublican. [Bel Air and Havre de Grace] Harford Madisonian and Bel Air and Havre de Grace Messenger. Boonsboro Odd Fellow. Boonsboro Times. Cambridge Chronicle. Cambridge Democrat and News. [Centreville] Weekly Sentinel and General Advertiser. [Chester Town] Kent Conservator. [Chester Town] Kent News. Cumberland Advocate. Cumberland Alleganian. Cumberland Civilian. Denton Journal. Denton Pearl. * Easton Gazette. * Easton Star. [Elkton] Cecil Democrat and Farmers' Journal. * [Elkton] Cecil Whig. [Ellicott's Mills] Times. Emmitsburg Star (?) Frederick Herald. [Frederick] Political Examiner. [Frederick] Kepublican Citizen. [Frederick] Times. [Hagerstown] Herald of Freedom. Hagerstown Mail. [Hagerstown] Modern Times and Home Journal. [Hagerstown] News.' [Hagerstown] Odd-Fellow. * Hagers-Town Torch Light and Public Advertiser [Leonardtown] St. Mary's Beacon. 134 MAETLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

[Middletown] Catoctin Whig. Port Tobacco Times and Charles County Advertiser. [Princess Anne] Somerset Herald. Kockville Journal and Montgomery County Advocate. [Snow Hill] Worcester Shield, and Spirit of the Whig Press. [Upper Marlboro'] Marlboro' Gazette. Westminster Carrolltonian. [Westminster] Democrat and Carroll Co. Kepublican [Williamsport] Modern Times.

1847 [Annapolis] Maryland Gazette. * [Annapolis] Maryland Republican and State Capital Advertiser. * [Baltimore] American and Commercial Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] American Farmer. [Baltimore] American Whig. * [Baltimore] Church Times. * Baltimore Clipper. [Baltimore] Constitution. * [Baltimore] Commercial Journal and Lyford's Price Current. Baltimore Daily News. [Baltimore] Deutsche Correspondent. [Baltimore] Enterprise. [Baltimore] Flag of Our Union. Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] Lutheran Observer. [Baltiimore] Maryland Colonization Journal. [Baltimore] Maryland Statesman. [Baltimore] Morning Star. [Baltimore] Mutual Rights and Methodist Protestant. * [Baltimore] Niles' National Register. * Baltimore Patriot and Commercial Gazette. * Baltimore Price Current (Lyford's). * [Baltimore] Republican and Argus. EABLY MAEYLAND NEWSPAPEES. 135

* [Baltimore] Eepublican Daily Argus. * [Baltimore] Saturday Yisiter. [Baltimore] Spirit of the Times. * [Baltimore] Sun, Baltimore Weekly Sun. [Baltimore] Western Continent. [Bel Air] Harford Eepublican. [Bel Air and Havre de Grace] Harford Madisonian and Bel Air and Havre de Grace Messenger. [Boonsboro] Odd Fellow. Boonsboro Times ( ?). Cambridge Chronicle. Cambridge Democrat and News Centreville Times. Centreville Advertiser. [Centreville] Weekly Sentinel and General Advertiser. [Chester Town] Kent Conservator. [Chester Town] Kent News. Cumberland Advocate. Cumberland Alleganian. Cumberland Civilian. Cumberland Mountaineer. Denton Journal Denton Pearl * Easton Gazette. * Easton Star. [Elkton] Cecil Democrat and Farmers' Journal. * [Elkton] Cecil Whig. [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Advocate. * [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Free Press. [Ellicott's Mills] Times. Frederick Herald. [Frederick] Examiner. [Frederick] Republican Citizen. [Frederick] Times. * [Hagerstown] Herald of Freedom. Hagerstown Mail. 136 MAETLAWD HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

[Hagerstown] News. [Hagerstown] Odd-Fellow. Hagers-Town Torch Light and Public Advertiser. [Havre de Grace] Harford Madisonian and Havre de Grace Advertiser. [Leonardtown] St. Mary's Beacon. [Middletown] Catoctin Whig. Port Tobacco Times and Charles County Advertiser. [Princess Anne] Somerset Herald. Kockville Journal and Montgomery County Advocate. [Snow Hill] Worcester County Shield, and Spirit of the Whig Press. [Upper Marlboro'] Marlboro' Gazette. Westminster Carrolltonian. [Westminster] Democrat and Carroll Co. Eepublican. [Williamsport] Modern Times. [Williamsport] Scott Banner.

1848 [Annapolis] Maryland Gazette. [Annapolis] Maryland Eepublican and State Capital Advertiser. * [Baltimore] American and Commercial Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] American Farmer. * [Baltimore] Aristocratic Monitor. * [Baltimore] Buena Vista * [Baltimore] Church Times. * Baltimore Clipper. * Baltimore Commercial Journal and Lyford's Price Current. [Baltimore] Constitution. [Baltimore] Daily Eepublican Argus. [Baltimore] Deutsche Correspondent. [Baltimore] Enterprise [Baltimore] Flag of Our Union. Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] Lutheran Observer. EAELY MABYLAND NEWSPAPEES. 137

[Baltimore] Maryland Democrat. [Baltimore] Mutual Eights and Methodist Protestant. [Baltimore] ISTiles' National Kegister. Baltimore Patriot and Commercial Gazette. * Baltimore Price Current (Lyford's). * [Baltimore] Republican and Argus. * [Baltimore] Eepublican and Daily Argus. [Baltimore] Spirit of the Times. * [Baltimore] Sun. [Baltimore] True Union. [Baltimore] Weekly Argus. Baltimore Weekly Sun. * [Baltimore] Western Continent. [Baltimore] Wreath. [Bel Air] Harford Eepublican. [Boonsboro] Odd Fellow. Boonsboro Times (?). Cambridge Chronicle. Cambridge Democrat and News. Centreville Sentinel. Centreville Times. [Chester Town] Kent Conservator. [Chester Town] Kent News. Cumberland Advocate (?). Cumberland Alleganian. Cumberland Citizen. Cumberland Civilian. Cumberland Mountaineer. Denton Journal. * Easton Gazette. * Easton Star. [Elkton] Cecil County Advocate. [Elkton] Cecil Democrat and Farmers' Journal. * [Elkton] Cecil Whig. [Elkton] Temperance Banner. [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Advocate. * [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Free Press. 138 MAEYLAUD HISTOKICAL MAGAZINE.

[Ellicott's Mills] Times. Frederick Herald. [Frederick] Political Examiner. * [Frederick] Eepublican Citizen. [Frederick] Times. [Hagerstown] Herald of Freedom. Hagerstown Mail. [Hagerstown] News. [Hagerstown] Odd-Fellow. Hagerstown Pledge. Hagers-Town Torch Light and Public Advertiser. [Havre de Grace] Harford Madisonian and Havre de Grace Advertiser. [Leonardtown] St. Mary's Beacon. [Middletown] Catoctin Whig. * [New York and Baltimore] Aristocratic Monitor. Port Tobacco Times and Charles County Advertiser. [Princess Anne] Somerset Herald. Kockville Journal and Montgomery County Advocate. [Rockville] Maryland Eeformer. [Smithsburg] Advocate. [Snow Hill] Worcester County Shield, and Spirit of the Whig Press. [Upper Marlboro'] Marlboro' Gazette. Westminster Carrolltonian. [Westminster] Democrat and Carroll Co. Kepublican. [Williamsport] Scott Banner. [Williamsport] Times.

1849 [Annapolis] Maryland Free Press. [Annapolis] Maryland Gazette. [Annapolis] Maryland Republican and State Capital Advertiser. * [Baltimore] American and Commercial Daily Advertiser. [Baltimore] American Farmer. Baltimore Argus (?). EAELY MARYLAND NEWSPAPERS. 139

Baltimore Bank Note Keporter. [Baltimore] Buena Vista. * Baltimore Clipper. * Baltimore Commercial Journal and Lyford's Price Current. [Baltimore] Constitution. [Baltimore] Daily City Item. [Baltimore] Daily Eepublican and Argus. [Baltimore] Deutsche Correspondent. [Baltimore] Emerald. [Baltimore] Evening Patriot. [Baltimore] Flag of Our Union. Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser. * [Baltimore] Gossip. Baltimore Herold. [German] [Baltimore] Inventor's Journal. [Baltimore] Journal of Commerce and Price Current. [Baltimore] Ladies' Newspaper. [Baltmore] Lutheran Observer. [Baltimore] Minerva. [Baltimore] Mutual Rights and Methodist Protestant. [Baltimore] Niles' National Register. [Baltimore] Parlor Journal. [Baltimore] Parlor Gazette and Ladies' Advertiser. Baltimore Pathfinder. Baltimore Patriot and Commercial Gazette. [Baltimore] Paul Pry. * Baltimore Price Current and Weekly Journal of Commerce. [Baltimore] The Plough, the Loom, and the Anvil. * [Baltimore] Eepublican and Argus. [Baltimore] Spirit of the Times. * [Baltimore] Sun. * [Baltimore] Temperance Banner. [Baltimore] Temperance Herald. [Baltimore] True Union. * [Baltimore] Viper's Sting and Paul Pry * [Baltimore] Weekly Argus. Baltimore Weekly Sun. 140 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

* [Baltimore] Western Continent. [Baltimore] Wreath. [Baltimore] Young American [Bel Air] Harford Kepublican. Boonsboro' Odd Fellow. Boonsboro Times (?). Cambridge Chronicle. Cambridge Democrat and News. Centreville Sentinel. Centreville Times. [Chester Town] Kent Conservator. [Chester Town] Kent News. Clear Spring Sentinel. Cumberland Advocate (?). Cumberland Alleganian. Cumberland Citizen. Cumberland Civilian. Denton Journal. Easton Gazette. * Easton Star. [Elkton] Cecil Democrat and Farmers' Journal. * [Elkton] Cecil Whig. [Elkton] Temperance Banner. [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Advocate. [Ellicott's Mills] Times. Frederick Herald. [Frederick] Political Examiner. * [Frederick] Republican Citizen. [Frederick] Times. * [Hager's City] Weekly Casket. [Hagerstown] Herald of Freedom. * Hagerstown Mail. [Hagerstown] News. [Hagerstown] Odd-Fellow. Hagerstown Pledge. Hagers-Town Torch Light and Public Advertiser. EAELY MARYLAND NEWSPAPEES. 141

[Havre de Grace] Harford Madisonian and Havre de Grace Advertiser. * [Ellicott'a Mills] Howard District Free Press. [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Gazette. [Leonardtown] St. Mary's Beacon. [Middletown] Catoctin Whig. Port Tobacco Times and Charles County Advertiser. [Princess Anne] Somerset Herald. Rockville Journal and Montgomery County Advocate. [Snow Hill] Worcester County Shield, and Spirit of the Whig Press. [Upper Marlboro'] Marlboro' Gazette. * Westminster Carrolltonian. . [Westminster] Democrat and Carroll Co. Republican. [Williamsport] Scott Banner.

1850 [Annapolis] Maryland Free Press. [Annapolis] Legislative Republican. [Annapolis] Maryland Gazette. [Annapolis] Maryland Republican and State Capital Advertiser. [Annapolis] Maryland Law Reporter. * [Baltimore] American and Commercial Advertiser. * [Baltimore] American Farmer. [Baltimore] Catholic Mirror. * Baltimore Clipper. [Baltimore] Commercial Enterprise and Baltimore Advertiser. [Baltimore] Constitution. Baltimore County Advocate. [Baltimore] Deutsche Correspondent. [Baltimore] Evening Patriot. [Baltimore] Flag of Our Union. Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser. Baltimore Herold. [Baltimore] Jacksonian and General Advertiser. 142 MAEYLATTD HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

[Baltimore] Lutheran Observer. [Baltimore] Maryland Reformer. [Baltimore] Mutual Eights and Methodist Protestant. Baltimore Olio and American Musical Gazette. [Baltimore] Parlor Journal. Baltimore Pathfinder. * Baltimore Patriot and Commercial Gazette. Baltimore Price-Current and Weekly Journal of Commerce. Baltimore Price Current (Lyford's). * Baltimore Republican and Argus. [Baltimore] Spirit of the Times. * [Baltimore] Sun. [Baltimore] True Union. [Baltimore I] Truth Teller. [Baltimore] Weekly American. * [Baltimore] Weekly Argus. Baltimore Weekly Sun. [Baltimore] Wreath. [Bel Air] Harford Gazette. [Bel Air] Harford Republican. [Boonsboro'] Odd Fellow. Cambridge Chronicle. Cambridge Democrat and News. Centreville Advertiser. Centreville Sentinel. Centreville Times. Charlestown News. [Chester Town] Kent Conservator. [Chester Town] Kent News. Ciearspring Sentinel. Clearspring Whig. [Cockeysville] Baltimore County Advocate. Cumberland Alleganian. Cumberland Citizen. Cumberland Civilian. Cumberland Mountaineer. Denton Journal. EAELY MARYLAND NEWSPAPERS. 143

Denton Star. Easton Democrat. Easton Gazette. * Easton Star. Easton Whig. [Elkton] Cecil Democrat. * [Elkton] Cecil Whig. [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Advocate. [Ellicott's Mills] Howard District Gazette. [Ellicott's Mills] Times. Frederick Herald. [Frederick] Examiner. * [Frederick] Republican Citizen. [Frederick] Times. * [Hager's City] Weekly Casket. [Hagerstown] Herald of Freedom. * Hagerstown Mail. Hagerstown News. [Hagerstown] Odd-Fellow. [Hagerstown] People's Own. Hagerstown Pledge. [Hagerstown] Reformer. Hagers-Town Torch Light and Public Advertiser. [Havre de Grace] Harford Madisonian and Havre de Grace Advertiser. [Leonardtown] St. Mary's Beacon. [Liberty-Town] Banner of Liberty. [Middletown] Catoctin Whig. Port Tobacco Times and Charles County Advertiser. [Princess Anne] Somerset Herald. Rockville Journal and Montgomery County Advocate. [Snow Hill] Worcester County Shield, and Spirit of the Whig Press. [Towsontown] Jacksonian and Baltimore County Advertiser [Upper Marlboro'] Marlboro' Gazette. Westminster Carrolltonian.

3 144 MARYLAND HISTOBICAL MAGAZINE.

[Westminster] Democrat and Carroll Co. Republican. [Williamsport] Banner. [Williamsport] Potomac Sentinel.

{To he Continued.')

AN ORATION.

DELIVEEED ON THE 4TH OF JULY, 1800.

By JNO. L. KEEK.*

In compliance with the request of the " Committee of Ar- rangement " for the day, I have with much diffidence prevailed upon myself to undertake a task, which I fear, is consigned to too feeble talents. In haste I have prepared for the occasion. But a firm reliance on your liberality and indulgence affords the most ample comfort, and encourages me to proceed in the performance of the duty which has thus devolved upon me. To celebrate the great events which have distinguished the different nations of the Earth, is a custom of the remotest antiquity. Poets, Orators and Historians have taken upon themselves the pleasing task of perpetuating the remembrance of those incidents most honourable to their Country. Thus have the names of Rome and Athens become immortal, and ** survived their gilded turrets and their marble Domes! " The grandeur and prowess of more modern nations have been like- wise the theme of frequent declamation. But when we reflect, my Fellow Citizens, on the glorious scenes of our own Country, we shall surely find a still juster caiise of patriotic exaltation. The Anniversary of this great and memorable day, is calcu- lated to inspire us with an enthusiastic zeal for the Interests of our Country. It naturally calls to our recollection the hardy

* Hon. John Leeds Kerr, 1780-1844. From the original MSS in the possession of Philip Gutman Straus, Esq. AN OEATION. 145 struggles by which the Revolution was effected and our Liber- ties wrested from the all-grasping hand of Oppression. It is our peculiar happiness that the love of Civil and Reli- gious Liberty has ever been the ruling passion of our Country- men. Driven from their native Land by the rage of Tyranny and persecution, our Forefathers were forced to seek some Asylum where they could enjoy a security of property together with that degree of Freedom, which is essential to the happiness of Man. The benevolent Genius of Liberty invited and con- ducted them to this Western World! The wild, untutored Na- tives, looking with awe and wonder on their swelling canvass yielded them an abode on their paternal Shores. Here, by a due exertion of the powers of Industry, they progressively im- proved the uncultivated soil, and introduced the refined Arts of Civilization. The rising prospects of America seemed to be viewed with pleasure by the Mother Country. Great Brittain at the summit of her grandeur—when her power had extended almost to the bounds of the Earth, seemed to delight in our posperity. But just at the period when we had begun to claim a rank amongst the Nations, she suddenly changes from her friendly conduct, and with an ungenerous policy resolves to enslave us. The right of passing Laws to hind us in all cases, was asserted, and she attempted to impose on us an unjust and burthensome taxation. At first the mild means of remonstrance were resorted to, and every argument that reason and ingenuity could invent was made use of to check the iniquitous design. But these proved wholly ineffectual—Great Brittain still per- sisted in her arbitrary demands. In this situation we were cither tamely to submit to a deprivation of our inestimable privileges, and lick the foot that fain would tread us in the dust, or else we must take up arms and stand forth boldly in our own defence. It was a trying dilemma—but the sons of America could not hesitate. They resolved at once, to devote their lives, their fortunes and their all in defence of their Eights. With unshaken firmness they declared themselves a free and independent People! Which great and memorable act 146 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. has so much distinguished this very day—and this auspicious day, my friends, we have assembled here to celebrate! (Here read the Declaration of Independance passed by Congress on the 4th July, 1776.) Thence ensued those glorious scenes which now adorn the page of History thence arose those illustrious Heroes whose generous efforts have ensured our Independance; and we should, my Fellow Citizens, attribute it to the immediate care of Heaven, that in this awful Crisis of our fate, we were presented with an Illustrious Hero—a more than Aristides or Epami- nandas to cement the union of our interests—to conduct our armies, and to be the Saviour of his Country! But here we involuntarily pause and make the mournful reflection, that this greatest and best of Men, the illmtrious Washington now moulders in the dust! He has gone, my Friends, to that Region from whence he never can return—gone, alas! at the very mo- ment, when his beloved Country most needed his assistance! Great and immortal Patriot! to whose Tomb we can now only go and say (as Pericles did over the bodies of his deceased Fellow Soldiers), "thou art like to the Divinities above us— thou art no longer with us—thou art only known by the benefits which thou hast conferred! " 1 To undertake a particular panegyrick on the many Heroes who nobly devoted themselves to the sacred cause of Liberty would indeed be a vain attempt; a plain narrative of their glorious Actions speak for them the highest praises that Lan- guage can bestow; and tho' their ever honoured names will descend unsullied down the tide of Time, through the pure Channel of History, yet a more grateful, a more immediate remembrance of their virtuous toils shall live in every Ameri- can heart! During the rage and violence of our Revolutionary War, a plan of Confederation was framed in Congress, and after being submitted to the consideration of the several States was finally adopted. But in the troubled times of a Revolution, the

1 A passage in Thucydides. AN OEATION. 14Y result of which was doubtful, to form a Constitution fitted to settle and controul the jarring Interests of so many States, and to establish uniformity in its operations, was wholly imprac- ticable. No sooner therefore was the War ended and peace established, than the defects and inadequacy of the Confedera- tion began to be felt. A principle of common danger had sup- plied the place of a necessary coercion in Government—but as soon as this principle ceased to operate, the Interests of the Individual States began to clash with each other, and were put in opposition to the general welfare of the union. Attempts were made by artful and designing men to excite apprehensions and discontents in the minds of the People. Their passions had been inflamed by the cry of Despotism, and the most vague sug- gestions were sufficient to alarm them. A jealousy was con- ceived of the powers of Congress, and its acts were misrepre- sented. The Country was infested by commotions in different parts, and in 1786 an Insurrection actually took place in Massachusetts. Thus threatened as we were, with all the hor- rors and calamities of a Civil War, men of the greatest wisdom and talents were delegated by the People to form a Govern- ment adequate to the exegencies of the times, and which might stop the progress of licentiousness and disunion. They assem- bled—and after mature deliberation produced that admirable Constitution under which we live and of which we so justly boast—that Constitution which so well secures and guards the Liberties of the People. To its excellencies you can all bear testimony—for its beneficent effects have been felt by every class and denomination of Citizens. As soon as it began its operation under the auspices of the great Saviour of our Coun- try, peace and order were established throughout the Conti- nent—public credit was restored and Commerce regulated. The name of the United States became respectable abroad, and the Government at home was the boast and admiration of the Citi- zens. Private happiness was universally diffused as the neces- sary result of public prosperity, and the only fear seemed to be that a long continuance of such a state of things was not 148 MABTLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. consistent with the Lot of Man. Such a fear, indeed, my Fellow Citizens, was well grounded! Just at this period the French Revolution had begun to agitate the JSTations of Europe, and the Torch of War was flam- ing over the Land. Instead of adhering to those principles of Reform and rational Liberty upon which she at first professed to set out, France soon exhibited herself to the World, a fero- cious Monster in iniquity! Religion and Morality—those great Pillars of Society, were utterly thrown down, and not a trace of them permitted to remain in that ill fated country. The Titans of modern days, they have raised their impious crests against the Majesty of Heaven, and vainly imagined they could subvert his eternal throne!2 France, like ancient Rome, had conceived views of universal domination; she had proclaimed herself the Guardian Genius of Republics; but it is a fact too notorious to be denied that every one within her reach seemed to be marked out as the peculiar victims of her savage fury. The kingdoms around began to dread her encreasing power, and were taking measures to check her destructive ravages. Finding herself strongly opposed, she wished to draw America into the vortex of her broils; But the wisdom and patriotism of Washington forbade him to risk the happiness of his country, and he firmly pronounced our Neu- trality. At once they conceived the design of revolutionizing our Government, Her Ministers and Agents were employed in using every artifice and intrigue to divide the People from their Government, and to sow the seeds of discord in our happy Land. Sorry I am to say, my Fellow Citizens, their endeavours were not unsuccessful for, ever since, there has existed a Party—uni- form and steady in its opposition to every Act of the Govern-

2 The ridiculous establishment of the Decades—the inscriptions by pub- lic authority, on the tombs of the deceased affirming Death to be an eternal sleep—the open profession of Atheism in the Convention by Dupont, Dan- ton &c received with acclamations the honourable mention of a book (on its journals) proposing to prove the Nothingness of all Religion, and the institution of a Festival to offer public worship to a Courtezan decorated with the title of the " Goddess of Reason," are abundant proofs of their design to annihilate the Christian Religion. Tit. Manlius, No. 15. AN OEATION. 149

ment. The vilest calumny and abuse have been indiscrimi- nately poured forth against the best Patriots of our Country— Men, whom the Nation fondly numbered amongst her Friends, —Men who had devoted their whole Lives to the establishment and preservation of our Independence. Even your beloved Washington did not escape their Slander, and now that he is gone down to the grave, with fiendlike malignity they en- deavour to asperse his memory and to obscure the lustre of his glory! I shall not pretend this day, my Fellow Citizens, to enter upon a particular defence of the various measures which have been adopted by Government for the protection of our Country. Most of them you all know, were induced by the hostility of France, and her ruinous depredations on our Com- merce:—they were measures dictated by the soundest policy, and the most genuine patriotism.—Did you, my Fellow Citi- zens, undergo the toils and calamities of war to rescue your Liberties from the usurpations of Brittain, that you might prostrate them at the foot of France? No, my country-men! you will this day call Heaven to witness, that you will submit them to neither. The foundation of a Naval establishment was laid by Washington, and has been carried further into effect by his upright Successor. So vast have been the advantages re- sulting from this protection that even Party has ceased to cavil at it. But an Army has been established ? Yes, my Fellow Citizens, to protect us against a threatened danger. We were told with insolent effrontery by the Minister and Directory of France that we were a divided People. We were threatened with the Fate of some of her miserable Neighbours, who were reduced by them to a State of ignominious vassalage. Was it not then time to prepare for defence ? When because we would not submit to their infamous demands they directed our atten- tion to the ill fated Venice, it was time for us to deprive them of the means whereby her ruin was affected. For this, my Fellow Countrymen, was the Army established—and this pur- pose it has fully answered. France has at last discovered her mistake, and is inclined to treat with us. But you were told 150 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. that it was raised for the purpose of trampling down your liber- ties. Not so, for it is already disbanded. I forbear to say any- thing with regard to the two first attempts to negociate a peace with France. To call to your remembrance the degrading terms that were offered to our Minister, could only excite your Minds to rage and indignation. Let us rather now turn our attention to the Man who has so prudently guided the helm of State, and pay a just tribute of Gratitude to his patriotic en- deavours. Has he not used his utmost exertions to promote our welfare ? Yes, my Countrymen. Though his conduct may be viewed by some thro' the misty Medium of prejudice, yet I trust, you will all be convinced that he has been actuated by the purest motives and the most earnest anxiety for our peace and happiness. Adopting the Maxims of Washington, he acted in such a manner as to draw forth the warmest and most unequivocal approbation of that illustrious Sage.3 In addressing you on the subject of our Independence, it is but just, my Fellow Citizens, that I should endeavour to make right impressions of those Characters who were most forward in promoting it. Amongst that Band of Patriots our present Chief Magistrate Adams acted a conspicuous part, and was one of those who had the honour of signing the Declaration I have read to you. He was steadfast and true to the cause of Ameri- can Independance through all the trying scenes of the Kevolu- tion, and has ever since devoted himself to the service of his Country. Since he was called by the voice of his Countrymen to the first Chair of State, he has made an honest and patriotic administration of our government, and thereby entitled him- self to additional gratitude from his Fellow Citizens. ISTot- withstanding this you have heard him vilified and abused— On the one hand he has been represented to you as a Cesar in Ambition—On the, other, as the despicable Tool of Brittain.

3 See Washington's Letter on his acceptance of the command of the army. Be understood our true Interests—he could once unite our hearts. Let us then join with Washington and offer up the small tribute of our Applause. Let but the Glass of Truth be turned upon the actions of our virtuous President, and they will be reflected to our minds attended by the purest motives of Integrity and Patriotism. XN OEATION. 151

You have heard my Fellow Citizens, that his Political senti- ments are repugnant to Liberty, and that he entertains a pre- dilection for a Monarchical form of Government. But wherein has he discovered these sentiments ? In a book, say they, which he once wrote on our American Constitutions. Upon this very ground I will now meet the virulence of his Slanderers, and by a single quotation refute the unfounded Columny. When he is comparing in that book (p. 95) the Theories of the different Governments, he thus exultingly proclaims the superiority of our own. " After all, says he, let us compare every Constitu- tion we have seen with those of the United States, and we shall have no reason to blush for our Country; on the contrary we shall feel the strongest motives to fall upon our knees in grati- tude to Heaven for having been graciously pleased to give us birth and education in that Country, and for having destined us to live under her Laws. We shall have reason to exult, if we make our comparison with England and the English Con- stitution. Our People are undoubtedly sovereign. All the Landed and other property is in the hands of the Citizens. Not only their Representatives but their Senators and Governours are annually chosen. There are no hereditary titles—honours —offices or distinctions. The Legislative, Executive and Judi- cial departments are separated from each other. The powers of the one—the few and the many are nicely balanced in their Legislatures. Trials by Jury are preserved in all their glory, and there is no standing Army. The habeas corpus is in full force, and the Press is the most free in the world; and where all these circumstances take place, it is unnecessary to add that the Laws alone must govern." These are the sentiments of John Adams—they are the sentiments of a friend to Liberty and Man! Believe me, my Fellow Citizens, our Constitution is the best Bulwark of your Eights; your most invaluable Interests—the security of your Lives, your Liberties and your Property are inseparably connected with its preservation; whoever then wishes you to destroy it should be considered your deadly foe. 152 MAEYLAI^D HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Whenever its destruction is accomplished your Liberty and Happiness must sink with it in one common grave! I have perhaps wearied your attention. I have touched upon those Incidents, which the anniversary of a Day so glorious in the Annals of our Country naturally suggested. I conclude with expressing my hopes that we shall celebrate it with- Har- mony and decorum, and with the genuine feelings of Americans.

THE BROOKE FAMILY.

By ELLON BEOOKE CULVEE BOWEN. (Mrs. EDWIN LEKOY BOWEN.)

Dr. Christopher Johnston's ably compiled " Brooke Family," as contained in the Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. I, com- mencing on page 66, deals with the Brooke family of the older and lower counties of Maryland, including the seventh and touching lightly the eighth generation. This present article will continue the numbering of the generations which it will record, as Dr. Johnston started them, commencing with the two parent generations of the Brooke line in Whitchurch, Co. Hampshire, England. EICHAED BEOOKE1, THOMAS BEOOKE2, both of Whitchurch, to EOBEET BEOOKE3, who after long journeying in strange waters sailed into the beautiful Patuxent River, with its richly wooded shores, 30 June, 1650, and settled twenty miles from its mouth, having been in sight of his own lands after leaving the Chesapeake Bay. The Manor of De la Brooke was erected, a quaint brick building, with steep roof and dormer windows, with a wainscotted main floor and living room with massive cornice and floral designed frieze of rose and lily. The second son of ROBEET BEOOKE3 was Major THOMAS BEOOKE4, whose eldest son was Col. THOMAS BEOOKE5, his eldest son was THOMAS BEOOKE6, Esq., of Prince George's Co., whose eldest son was THOMAS BEOOKE7. With the seventh generation Dr. Johnston's Brooke Family stops, with a mention of the eighth generation. The line of Thomas Brooke7 (Maryland THE BEOOKE EAMELY. 153

Hist. Mag., Vol. I, p. 377) had not been concluded, as only the name of the second wife, Sarah Mason, is given; the records of the first wife and other records had not been found by Dr. Johnston. The following is the additional record of Thomas Brooke7, who was of Prince George's and Charles Counties, Maryland. He was the eldest son of Thomas Brooke6, Esq., of Brookefield, Prince George's Co. (previous to 1695 Calvert Co., Md.), and his wife, Lucy Smith (dau. of Col. Walter Smith of Calvert Co., Md., and his wife, Eachael Hall), born to them at Brookefield, 30 April, 1706, died at his estate of " Nonesuch," near Chickamuxen, Charles Co., Md. His will was proved 15 June, 1749. Charles Co. Wills, Lib. A. C, N"o. 4, fol. 276. THOMAS BEOOKE7 married first, Judith Briscoe (died ca. 1738), the widow of Charles Ashcom, of St. Mary's Co., Md. (see will of Charles Ashcom, Annapolis, Md., Lib. XIX, fol. 127, dated 20 Nov., 1725, Pro. 23 Mar. 1727), and the daughter of Philip Briscoe, Sr., of Charles Co., Md., and his wife, Susanna Swann. In the will of Philip Briscoe, Sr., Charles Co., Md., Lib. A. B., No. 3, fol. 176, under its date of 25 Apr., 1724, Pro. 29 Jan., 1724 [old style reckoning] mentions this daughter as " Judith Ashcom." Between the date of his will and the date of the will of his wife, Susanna Briscoe, Charles Co., Md., Lib. A. C, No. 4, fol. 116, dated 5 Feb., 1739, Pro. 24 July, 1740, Judith (Briscoe) Ashcom had remarried and died, and is mentioned in this will of her mother as " my daughter, Judith Brooke deceased." Under Testamentary Pro- ceedings, Lib. No. 28, 1727-1730, Annapolis, Md., in the Will Codicil and Testamentary Bond on Estate of Charles Ashcom, late of St. Mary's Co., deceased, his widow, as executrix of his will, signs this bond for £5,000 sterling, as Judith Ashcom. Bond dated 23 March, 1727. In Annapolis, Md., Inventory Book No. 12, 1727, fol. 261, the Inventory of Estate of Charles Ashcom, late of St. Mary's Co., Md., deceased, is appraised £939..8..9. Signed and proved by Judith Brooke, Extrix., dated 5 Sept., 1727. The dates and the change in her name, as given in the afore Test. Bond and the following one, on the Appraisement of Charles Ashcom's 154 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Estate, show that Judith (Briscoe) Ashcom had become the wife of Thomas Brooke7, between 23 March, 1727, and 5 Sept., 1727. A record from Annapolis, Md., Account Book, !N"o. 9, fol. 195, under Account of Estate of Charles Ashcom, late of St. Mary's Co., Md., deceased, dated 29 May, 1728, is signed by Thomas Brooke and Judith, his wife. Additional Account of Estate of Charles Ashcom, late of St. Mary's Co., Md., deceased, Annapolis, Md., Account Book No. 11, 1731-1733, fol. 525, is given " By Thomas Brooke, who intermarried with Judith, the Kelict and Extrix. of said Charles Ashcom." Proved 21 Nov., 1732, by Thomas Brooke. The total of the estate being £1,056..19..If. A careful search of the records shows that the only Thomas Brooke of that generation who could have inter- married with Charles Ashcom's young widow, Judith Briscoe 1727, was Thomas Brooke of the seventh generation, being of Prince George's and Charles Co., as the only other unmarried Thomas Brooke in Maryland was not born until 1717 and died a bachelor 1768, he was the youngest son of Col. Thomas Brooke and his 2nd wife, Barbara Dent. See Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. I, page 186. The Marriage References, compiled by Mrs. George W. Hodges, on file at Annapolis, Md., Land Office, gives the date of 1732 for marriage of Thomas Brooke to Judith Briscoe, which date is the final account of the settlement of Charles Ashcom's estate, and is nearly five years later than the date of the marriage 1727, as shown in the preceding data of Court Proceedings quoted in this article. Following are the Colonial Services of Thomas Brooke7, known in Prince George's Co. as Thomas Brooke, Jr. (1706- 1749): Maryland Commission Eecord (1726-1786), Original MMS. Archives State of Maryland, No. 81. P. 77, Thomas Brooke Junr appointed Justice for Prince George's Co., Md., Nov., 1746. Pp. 80, 83, Thomas Brooke Junr appointed Justice of the Peace for Prince George's Co., Md., 6 Oct., 1747. List of Civil Officers of Maryland (1637-1659), Goldsborough Bound MSS. (Md. Hist. Soc). P. 607, Commission issued THE BEOOKE EAMILT. 155

Thomas Brooke Junr 12 June, 1746, as Associate Justice of Prince George's Co., Md. P. 613, Commission issued Thomas Brooke Junr 6 Oct., 1747, as Associate Justice of Prince George's Co., Md. Thomas Brooke7 died at his estate of " JSTonesuch," near Chickamuxen, Charles Co., Md., at age of forty-three. " None- such " is described according to the patent Eschoat, composed of the following tracts: 76 a. "Allison's Folly," 200 a. " Wicksall," 120 a. " Aspinall's Hope." Annapolis, Md., Rent Roll No. 2. Charles Co., Md., fol. 163. Previously " None- such " had been surveyed 18 July, 1670, for Major Thomas Brooke. Rent Roll, Prince George's Co., Md., 1707, fol. 132. Thomas Brooke7 in his will, dated 2 Sept., 1748, Proved 15 June, 1749, Lib. A. C, No. 4, fol. 276, Charles Co., Md., bequeaths Eschoat to his second " wife Sarah Mason, during her term of widowhood, afterwards to my two sons, Walter and Richard Brooke, should they die without issue, then the afore- said Tract of Land and personal Estate to be equally divided between my wife Sarah and my eldest son Thomas Brooke." " Thomas Brooke, my eldest son " is again mentioned in his father's will and again in " the education of my three sons, Thomas, Walter and Richard Brooke to be under the direction of my loving brother Richard Brooke, but the expense of their education to be discharged by my Executrix."

Issue of THOMAS BEOOKE7 and his first wife, Judith Briscoe (widow of Charles Ashcom of St. Mary's Co., Md.). i. Thomas Brooke8, b. 1734, d. 1789, Washington Co., Md. See further. By his second wife, Sarah Mason of Fairfax Co., Va. (sister of Col. George Mason of Va.). Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. I, pp. 377-8. i. Walter Boroke, b. ca. 1740, d 1798, mar. 1774, Ann Darrell (b. 21 June, 1758, d. 10 Oct., 1823). Commodore Va. Navy 1775-78. Left surviving issue 3 sons and 2 daus. (Family Records.) ii. Richard Brooke. Dr. Johnston in his " Brooke Family," Vol. I, p. 377, makes 156 MAETLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

it plain that Walter and Eichard Brooke were the sons of Sarah Mason, while the first son was the child of the first wife. In 1695 Prince George's Co., Md., was formed from Calvert Co., and included Brookefield, the estate of Col. Thomas Brooke5. Later when Brookefield came by inheritance to his eldest son, Thomas Brooke6, by his first wife, Ann, there came to be three lineal generations of Thomas Brooke, of Prince George's Co., it then became necessary to designate them as Thomas Brooke6, Esq. (1683-1744), his eldest son, Thomas Brooke7, as Junr (1706-1749), and his eldest son, Thomas Brooke8, as the 3rd (1734-1789). After the death of the pro- genitors of Thomas Brooke the 3rd and his removing to Fred- erick Co., and Washington Co. being formed from Frederick, he was variously named as Thomas Brooke, Jr., of Washington Co., as Thomas Brooke of Washington Co., and as Thomas Brooke, son of Thomas. There are various ones in the Warrant Books in the Maryland Land Office in Annapolis between June 29, 1782, and Aug. 19, 1788. The clinching proof of the fore- going that Thomas Brooke8 was identical with the Thomas Brooke of the Land Office records and Thomas Brooke who made his Washington Co. Will in 1789 is found in Annapolis Land Office Book of Patents, Lib. I. C. C, fol. 490. The designation of these three lineal generations of Brooke in Prince George's Co., that perpetuated the beloved name of Thomas, each the eldest son of their line, appears frequently on the pages of the " Church Records of St. Paul's Parish, Prince George's Co. (1730-1819)," as well as in civil proceedings. P. 17. Thomas Brooke, Esq., late Sheriff, in balance of his account, etc. P. 16. The new Church, St. Paul's Parish, 2 Sept., 1735. Choice of Pews, Thomas Brooke, Esq., pew 18. Thomas Brooke, Junr, Walter Brooke, Baker Brooke and Gerard Truman Greenfield, Pew 3, in the gallery. P. 17. Thomas Brooke, Junr, as Vestryman of St. Paul's Parish, and like appointments recorded on pages 55, 61, 63, 65, 76, 77. Vestry Proceedings, St. Paul's Parish, p. 156, " Order given by the Register of the Parish to give Thomas Brooke, the 3rd, an order to have the church repaired." THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 157

8 7 6 5 4 THOMAS BROOKE * (Thomas , Thomas , Thomas , Thomas , Robert3, Thomas2, Richard1, the two latter of Whitchurch, Co. Hampshire, England), eldest son of Thomas Brooke7, and his first wife, Judith Briscoe (widow of Charles Ashcom of St. Mary's Co., Md.). He was born 1Y34 (according to his sworn statement in a deposition before Justice John Stull, Hagers- town, Washington Co., Md., 8 Apr., 1786. Land Records, Lib. D, fol. 487). Died 1789, Washington Co., Md. Married Elizabeth , ante 1765, when she joins him in deed when living in Prince George's Co., Md. (Charles Co. Deeds, Lib. L, No. 3, fol. 612, 22 Feb., 1765.) Elizabeth Brooke died between 25 Aug., 1784 (at which time she stated under oath that she released her right voluntary in " Jonas Discovery." Wash. Co., Md., Deeds, Lib. D, fol. 120), and when on 1 Apr., 1785, her signature was not given, on an Indenture made by Thomas Brooke, her husband, a process of signature release being necessary if wife is living (Wash. Co., Md., Land Records, Lib. D, fol. 278). Thomas Brooke's will dated 6 March, 1786, shows her deceased, when in this will he tenderly states his desire " to be buried as near as may be to the body of my deceased wife, Elizabeth." Thomas Brooke8 had been com- pletely orphaned by the death of his father Thomas Brooke7,

* The painstaking Dr. Christopher Johnston in his " Brooke Family," Vol. I, pp. 377-378, names four different eldest sons by the name of Thomas Brooke, all first cousins, belonging to the eighth generation. They were as follows; 1. Thomas Brooke8, born 1734, as herein shown (date not given by Dr. Johnston), died 1789, Wash. Co., Md. Eldest son of Thomas Brooke7 of Charles Co., Md. 2. Thomas Brooke8, under 12 in 1740, died intestate 1768. Eldest son of Walter Brooke7, of Prince George's Co., Md. 3. Frederick Thomas Brooke8, born 27 July, 1770. Eldest son of Dr. Richard Brooke7, of Prince George's Co., Md. 4. Thomas Brooke8, born 29 Aug., 1776. Eldest son of Rev. Clement Brooke7 of Prince George's Co., Md. It is obvious that the death date, as well as the deducted birth year of the second of the four cousins and the dates of the birth of the third and fourth of the cousins, eliminate all of them from being Thomas Brooke8, the first of the cousins, born 1734, who became the Surveyor of Wash. Co., and whose will was proved 1789. 158 MAEYLAND HISTOKICAL MAGAZINE.

1749. Eecords show he was evidently reared by his grand- mother, Lucy (Smith) Brooke, widow of Thomas Brooke6, Esq., and his maiden aunts Eachael and Rebecca, and bachelor uncle Isaac Brooke, at Brookefield, Prince George's Co., Md. Learn- ing the profession of surveying from his uncle, Isaac Brooke, and following him to Upper Frederick Co., Md., he eventually succeeded his uncle, as in the formation of Washington Co., from Frederick in 1776, Thomas Brooke8 became the First Surveyor of Washington Co. (Scharf's Hist, of Western Mary- land, Vol. 2, p. 989), which office he filled until his death in 1789. Thomas Brooke8 served his country faithfully in Colonial service leading up to and including Revolutionary service. American Archives, Documentary History, Prepared and Published under authority of Act of Congress (1837-53) By Peter Force. Fourth Series, 1774-1775. Vol. I, p. 986. Thomas Brooke8, Frederick Co., Md., 18 Nov., 1774. Appointed on a Committee to represent Frederick Co., Md., to carry into execution the acts of the Association agreed upon by the American Continental Congress and that any five of the Committee have power to act. P. 1173-4. Thomas Brooke8 of Frederick Co., Md., 24 Jan., 1775, appointed on a Committee of Observation, with full powers to act to prevent any infraction of and to carry into execution the Resolves of American Congress and Provincial Convention. In the larger districts any five of these gentlemen to act for the good of the country. The services of Thomas Brooke8 after 1776 are listed of Washington Co., as this county at this date was formed from Frederick Co. The original MSS. of the Committee of Observation for the State of Maryland. Printed in the Maryland Hist. Mag., Vols, 12 and 13 (not published in the Maryland Archives). Vol. 12, p. 152. Thomas Brooke8 on Committee of Observa- tion for Elizabeth Town District (after 1814 Hagerstown), Washington Co., and made Clerk of the Committee Feb., 1776. Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. 13, pp. 36, 42. Thomas Brooke8 on Committee of Observation for Elizabeth Town District, Washington Co., Md., 11 Jan., 1777. THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 159

Thomas Brooke8 appointed Chairman on Committee of Observation, 18 Jan., 1777, and as Chairman at various meet- ings as recorded in Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. 13, pp. 42, 50, 52, 238. Thomas Brooke8, the first surveyor of Washington Co., Md., was the fifth generation of this line perpetuating the name of Thomas in the direct line from Colonial Governor Robert Brooke. According to the will of Thomas Brooke8, of Washington Co., it evidences a divisible interest in the estate of DANN. This great tract of 4,000 acres was granted to his great-grandfather. Col. Thomas Brooke5, 28 July, 1694 (Annapolis, Md., Land " Certi- ficates," Lib. B. 23, fol. 223-4). It is now embraced by the north- western section of Washington, D. C, and includes some of the best residence and Kock Creek Park section of the National Capi- tal. This tract of DAKK is referred to in various other Brooke records, of some of those in lineal descent from Col. Thomas Brooke5. In addition the family land connections of Thomas Brooke8 of Washington Co., Md., may be cited further. The tracts of Gibeon, Ajalon and Brookefield, each of which had previously been owned or surveyed to Isaac, Rachael and Rebecca Brooke, of the seventh generation, of Prince George's Co., Md. (children of Thomas Brooke6 and his wife, Lucy Smith), and to Mary Ashcom Greenfield Brooke, widow of Walter Brooke7, were parts of the land holdings of Thomas Brooke8 of Washington Co., Md., and came by will to his eight children. The issue of THOMAS BROOKE8 and his wife Elizabeth is listed in the Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. 10, pp. 283-344. All the names there given are verified by his will on file at the Court House, Hagerstown, Washington Co., Md. See " Wills," Lib. A, fol. 205. i. Thomas Brooke", died early in the Carolinas (probably following his father's profession of surveying). Mar., name of wife un- known. Living in 1786. Left issue, ii. William Pitt Brooke, mar., deceased in 1816, left issue. Named for the Eng. statesman, the Earl of Chatham, who fearlessly upheld the cause of the American Colonies, before and during the Revolution. 160 MAETLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

iii. Clement Brooke, youngest son, b. 1770, Washington Co., Md., d. 1830 Zanesvllle, Ohio. Mar. Sept., 1794, Ann Dillon of whom further. Named for his father's uncle. Rev. Clement Brooke7, iv. Eachael Brooke, mar. 1° William Darrell (whose son Wm. Darrell, Jr., mar. Sarah Virginia Brooke, grand-daughter of Commodore Walter Brooke8 of the Va. Navy (1775-78) and his wife Ann Darrell, thus uniting the blood of the 1° and 2° wives of Thomas Brooke7, Judith Briscoe and Sarah Mason). Mar. 2° William Collard and had Eliza, of Retirement, near Alexandria, Va. Wm. Pitt Brooke and Elizabeth Brooke, being minors at the time of their father's death, their care and education was left to Wm. Darrell, Sr., their expenses to be paid by his estate. Rachael was named for her father's maiden aunt, Rachael Brooke7 of Prince George's Co. v. Susan Brooke, mar. William Lee (" whole executor" will of Thomas Brooke8) of Hagerstown, Md. In partnership at Balti- more 1801 with brother-in-law, Clement Brooke, later Trimble and Lee of Baltimore. Left among issue, Jeanette. Susan per- petuated the shortened form of her father's maternal grand- mother, Susanna Briscoe, wife of Philip Briscoe, Sr., of Charles Co., Md. vi. Judith Briscoe Brooke, mar. James Lindsay, a merchant of Union- town, Pa. Left issue. She was named for her father's mother. 1° wife of Thomas Brooke7. vii. Ann Greenfield Brooke was living 1816. Mar. Winder. Left issue. viii. Elizabeth Brooke, youngest of five daughters, named for her mother. Mar. John Simonson. Both deceased in 1816. Left issue.

9 8 7 6 5 CLEMENT BEOOKE (Thomas , Thomas , Thomas , Thomas , Thomas4, Eobert3, Thomas2, Eichard1, the two latter of Whit- church, Co. Hampshire, England). Youngest son of Thomas Brooke8, of Washington Co., Md., and his wife, Elizabeth, he was born 1770, Washington Co, Md., died 1836, Zanesville, Ohio, married Ann Dillon, 26 day, 9 mo., 1794, at Redstone (now So. Brownsville), Fayette Co., Pa., Quaker Eecords, p. 75. Ann Dillon, born Long Green, Baltimore, Md., 27 day, 10 mo., 1774 [Eecord Gunpowder Monthly Meeting (Quaker), page 21 and Dillon Fam. Bible Eecords] died 1833, Zanesville, Ohio. Buried by her husband Clement Brooke, their graves being at the foot of those of her parents, Moses and Hannah (Griffith) Dillon in the Dillon, or Quaker, cemetery on the Dillon Falls road on the outskirts of Zanesville. The tombstone inscriptions attest the facts. Moses Dillon was born 10 March, 1746, Bucks CLEMEXT BROOKE" Axx (DILLON) BROOKE 1770—183G 1774—1833

Courtesy of Frick Art Reference Library Jiy Peale THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 161

Co., Pa., grandson of Nicholas and Mary Dillon, wlio emigrated from northern Ireland in 1740, settling on a large farm adjoin- ing the present village of Pipersville, Bucks Co., Pa., and were made members 7th Dec, 1741, of the Society of Friends at Buckingham Monthly Meeting. The will of Nicholas Dillon was proved 25 Sept., 1773, and mentions his only son, Thomas Dillon. Moses Dillon, was a member of the Society of Friends, Little Falls, Md., 1778, an architect and stone mason of Balti- more, 1795 (Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. 4, p. 20), married in 1772, Hannah Griffith4, born 6 July, 1749, Bucks Co., Pa. (Eecord Kichland Friends' Meeting, Bucks Co., Pa.), daughter of Isaac Griffith3 (Abraham2, Howell1), and his wife, Ann Burson. Howell Griffith, the emigrating ancestor, came from Wales in 1689 and purchased a lot on High street, now Market street, Philadelphia, where he died 17 Feb., 1710. Complete data of the Griffith, Burson, Lester and Potts families is given in " Early Friends' Families in Upper Bucks Co., Pa.", by C. V. Koberts and Warren Ely, Philadelphia, 1926. Clement Brooke9 was successfully engaged in the mercantile and shipping business in Baltimore during the closing years of 1700 and early 1800, and in active and extensive land specula- tions. During this time the portraits of the distinguished appearing Clement Brooke and his beautiful Quaker wife, Ann Dillon, were painted in Baltimore. Through the failing con- ditions of Jay's Treaty and the Jefferson Embargo, Clement Brooke suffered losses in his shipping ventures and was forced into virtual bankruptcy 1808/9. Putting his large real estate holdings of 40,000 acres in Virginia (now West Virginia) and lands in northern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania in the hands of trustees, for the benefit of his creditors, he removed with his wife Ann (" Nancy ") and four children to Zanesville, Ohio, and there became identified in business with Moses Dillon (Maryland Hist. Mag., Vol. X, p. 361; Vol. XI, pp. 144-6), " who in 1805 had established near Zanesville, Ohio, the first successful blast furnace, iron foundries, and lumber mills in the state at Dillon Falls on the Licking Kiver, and became Ohio's first real Captain of Industry, giving more employment than did 162 MAEYLAMD HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. any otiier manufacturer in the infant state. For over thirty years he was actively identified with the best interests, business, social and religious, in the state." After the War of 1812-15 the land holdings of Clement Brooke were placed in the hands of Uria Brown, a surveyor and conveyancer, of which he kept a unique " Journal" and which appears in six successive num- bers of the Maryland Hist. Mag., Vols. 10 and 11. (After- wards this Uria Brown in 1821 became the first teacher of McKim's Free School in Baltimore.) The issue of CLEMENT BEOOKE9 and his wife, Ann Dillon, were two sons and two daughters.

i. Dr. William Lee Brooke10, b. 1796, mar. Elizabeth Goss, settled in Newark, Licking Co., Ohio, in practice of his profession. Died 1849, leaving numerous descendants, many of them in and around Newark. Named for his Aunt Susan Brooke's husband, William Lee, who had been made the " Whole Executor" by Thomas Brooke8, in his will and the guardian, during minority, of his son Clement Brooke. William Lee became the business partner of the latter in Baltimore in early 1800. ii. Moses Dillon Brooke, b. 16 Apr., 1798, named for his maternal grandfather, mar. Eliza McFadden, of whom further, iii. Elizabeth Brooke, b. 17 March, 1800, Baltimore, Md., d. 29 Oct., 1873, Brownsville, Pa., leaving many descendants, iv. Hannah Dillon Brooke, b. 29 May, 1804, Baltimore, Md., d. 15 Feb., 1862, Logan, Ohio; mar. 24 Dec, 1827, Dr. Reuben Culver, of whom further. Named for her maternal grandmother, Hannah (Griffith) Dillon.

10 9 8 7 MOSES VILLON BEOOKE (Clement , Thomas , Thomas , Thomas6, Thomas5, Thomas4, Robert3, Thomas2, Eichard1, the two latter of Whitchurch, Co. Hampshire, England), b. 16 Apr., 1798, Baltimore Co., Md., d. 16 Apr., 1881, Madison, Ind. Second and youngest son of Clement Brooke9 and his wife, Ann Dillon, mar. 9 July, 1822, Eliza McFadden, d. 1864, dau. Thomas and Ann Adams McFaddne, of Armagh, Ireland, later of Washington, Pa. Moses Dillon Brooke was a merchant at Thorndale and Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio, and continued the business when he removed to Madison, Ind., where he died. The names of their children who survived infancy, two sons and three daughters, were: THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 163

Robert Fulton Brooke11, b. 19 July, 1829, Thornville, Ohio, d. 23 Nov., 1904; mar. 23 Jan., 1855, his cousin, Mary Wallace McFadden, b. 29 Feb., 1830. Issue: (A) Wallace Gibson Brooke12, d. 29 July, 1923; mar. 21 Apr., 1885, Annie E. Evans, who had Clayton Evans Brooke13, William Wallace Brooke13. (B) Cora Fulton Brooke12, d. 17 Feb., 1927; mar. 25 June, 1890, Anthony H. Creagh, who had Marie Elsie Creagh13, Dorothea Brooke Creagh13, William Brooke Creagh13. (C) Charles Whitney Brooke12; mar. 29 June, 1886, Kate Van de Water, who had Marjorie Van de Water Brooke13. (D) Jennie May Brooke12; unmarried. The four foregoing A, B, C, D Issue were all residents of Greater New York. Mary Ellen Brooke11, b. 4 March, 1831, Thornville, Ohio; mar. 23 Oct., 1849, John Lafayette Wilson, of Madison, Ind., later of a country estate, near Morrow, Warren Co., Ohio. Of nine children raised to maturity only one survives, Hon. Manly D. Wilson12, of Madison, Ind., who mar. Margaret Johnson, 13 Oct., 1880, of Madison, Ind., and had Jeannette Wilson13. Lucy Hazlette Brooke11, of whom further, under Hannah Dillon Brooke10, whose son she married. Gilbert McFadden Brooke11, b. 17 July, 1834, Thornville, Ohio, d. 2 Aug., 1913, Knoxville, Tenn; mar. 18 May, 1858, Catherine Todd Smith and had (A) Charlton Perkins Brooke12 of Miami, Fla., who mar. 14 Dec, 1893, 1° Margaret MeTeer and had Charlton Perkins Brooke13, Jr.; mar. 2°, 10 June, 1913, Charlotte M. Bell. (B) Bertha S. Brooke12; unmarried; lives at Knoxville, Tenn. (C) Florence Brooke; deceased. Catherine F. Brooke11, b. 6 Feb., 1837, Somerset, Ohio, d. Apr., 1914, St. Louis, Mo.; mar. Hiram H. Todd, 1857, of Madison, Ind., who died 1903. Issue, three sons and one daughter: (A) Charles Brooke Todd12 of St. Louis, Mo.; mar. Oliva Hart 1 Sept., 1886, Logan, Ohio, and had the following seven children: Harold Hart Todd13, mar. Elizabeth ; Seymour 8. Todd13, mar. Gladys Taylor; Mary Oliva Todd13; Charles Brooke Todd13, Jr., mar. Betty Graddon; Vernon Cary Todd13; Marshall Fulton Todd13; Katherine T. Todd13. (B) Harry H. Todd12 of St. Louis, Mo.; mar. Mabel Le Bosquet Brown of Kansas City, Mo., Nov., 1898, and had Marjorie Todd13, Wylie Todd13. (C) Vernon C. Todd12 of Takoma, Wash.; mar. Mary Kroger and had Helen Todd13; Freda Todd13, Stanley Todd13, Doris Todd13, Catherine Todd13. (D) Mazie Brooke Todd12, of whom further, under Hannah Dillon Brooke10, whose grandson, Reuben Dillon Culvert, she married. 164 MAEYLABTD HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

10 9 8 7 HANNAH DILLON BROOKE , (Clement , Thomas , Thomas , Thomas6, Thomas5, Thomas4, Eobert3, Thomas2, Kichard1, the two latter of Whitchurch, Co. Hampshire, England), b. 29 May, 1804, Baltimore, Md., d. 15 Feb., 1862, Logan, Ohio. Young- est of the four children of Clement Brooke and his wife, Ann Dillon, mar. 24 Dec, 1827, Zanesville, Ohio (where she was raised). Dr. Reuben Culver of Logan, Ohio, b. 4 Oct., 1798, Waterford, Ohio, d. 2 Apr., 1861, Logan, Ohio. Son of Eeuben Culver and his wife, Olive Buell (both descendants of two of the original proprietors of Litchfield, Conn., Lieut. Edw. Culver and Capt. John Buell), who migrated from Litchfield, Conn., 1796, to Waterford, Ohio. Dr. Eeuben Culver, according to a biographical sketch of his life in " Eminent Americans," published prior to the Civil War, studied law, medicine and surgery in Charlestown, Va., now the capital of West Virginia, but by a coincidence settled in Logan, Ohio, where he became the first president of Logan Branch, of the State Bank of Ohio. In 1834 the Ohio Legislature ap- pointed him Associate Judge of Hocking Co., which office he filled until it was abolished. Dr. Eeuben Culver was the lead- ing physician and surgeon of Hocking Co. until his death, 2 Apr., 1861. The issue of Dr. Eeuben Culver and his wife, Hannah Dillon Brooke, was three sons and one daughter. i. Charles Vernon Culver, b. Sept., 1830, Logan, Ohio, d. 1910, Phila- delphia, Pa.; mar. 1855, Mary Elizabeth Austin. Their only son died in infancy. ii. Lueien Hambden Culver, of whom further. iii. Lawrence Agustus Culver, of whom further. iv. Mary Ellen Culver, b. 11 Nov., 1836, Logan, Ohio, d. Oct., 1885; mar. Gilruth Webb. Only child, Elizabeth, died in young woman- hood.

LAWRENCE AGUSTUS CULVER, third and youngest son of Dr. Eeuben Culver and his wife, Hannah Dillon Brooke, b. 9 Oct., 1834, Logan, Ohio, d. 12 Dec, 1918, Veedersburg, Ind. Spent his active life as a banker in Logan, Ohio. Mar. Madison, Ind., 27 July, 1859, his cousin, Lucy Hazlett Brooke, b. 6 ISTov. 1831, Thornville, Ohio, d. 11 Apr., 1904, St. Louis, Mo., she was the THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 165 daughter of Moses Dillon Brooke10 and his wife, Eliza McFad- den, daughter of Thomas McFadden, b. 175Y, Armagh, Co. Armagh, Ireland, d. 8 Oct., 1812, and his wife, Ann Adams, b. 1766, Armagh, Co. Armagh, Ireland, d. 19 Aug., 1840. They were married 1786 in Armagh, migrated to America circa 1800, locating at Washington, Pa. They had ten children, all of whom married and had issue. The issue of LAWRENCE AGUSTTJS CULVEE and his wife, Lucy Hazlett Brooke, two sons and two daughters, of whom the eldest (A) Reuben Dillon Culvert, b. 10 May, 1860, Logan, Hocking Co., Ohio. Educated at Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa. Active business career at Veedersburg, Ind., with his younger brother, Lawrence Agustus Culver, Jr. In 1931 retired and living at Oakland, Cali- fornia. Married 30 Dec, 1883, Washington, D. C, his cousin, Mazie Brooke Todd, b. 13 July, 1862, Madison, Ind., only daughter of Hiram H. Todd and his wife, Catherine Brooke, of the eleventh Brooke generation. Hiram H. Todd was the grandson of Owen Todd and his wife, who was the daughter of Col. Thomas Paxton, of Bed- ford Co., Pa., who was Lieut. Col. in a Pennsylvania regiment in the Revolution. This Todd family descended from Robert Todd of Lanarkshire, Scotland, who was a progenitor of David Andrew Todd, b. Co. Down, Ireland, 8 Apr., 1725, later migrated to Montgomery Co., Pa. The issue of Reuben Dillon Culver and his wife, Mazie Brooke Todd, is an only son, Lawrence Frederick Culver, b. 25 July, 1885, Logan, Ohio; mar. 23 Mar., 1918, Cincinnati, Ohio, Helen Beverly Nichols, b. 23 Feb., 1894, St. Louis, Mo., eldest daughter of Walter Nichols, b. 3 Jan., 1862, near Covington, Ky., and his wife, Laura Bell McConahy, b. 25 Sept., 1867, Van Wert, Ohio; mar. 13 Dec, 1887, Philadelphia, Pa. Issue of Lawrence Frederick Culver and his wife, Helen Beverly Nicholas: Lwarence Frederick Culver, Jr., b. 2 Sept., 1920, Veedersburg, Ind., and Marjanne Culver, b. 8 Sept., 1923, Veedersburg, Ind. (B) Lawrence Agustus Culver, Jr., b. Logan, Ohio, resides at Veedersburg, Ind. Mar. 26 Jan., 1899, Ivy Jane Todd (daughter of Elhannon Paxton Todd and his wife, Sarah Farmer, of Kansas City, Kansas) and had Dorothy Todd Culver, who mar. William Lee Todd Morton, of Danville, Va., and had Lawrence Culver Morton and William Lee Morton, Jr. (C) Sophie Lee Culver, mar. 9 Oct., 1884, Sewell G. Bennett of Oklahoma City, Okla., and had three children: Brooke Culver Bennett, mar. Mildred Sparks who had Gwendolyn L. Bennett. Lives at Los Angeles, California. Paul Culver Bennett mar. Gertrude Grady. Lives at Oklahoma City, Okla. Virginia Bennett mar. Ralph W. Shank of Los Angeles, California. (D) Florence E. Culver of Pasadena, California. 166 MAEYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

LUCIEN HAMBDEN CULVEE, ninth in descent from Kobert Brooke, Colonial Governor of Maryland, thirty-fourth in descent from King Alfred of England, and thirty-ninth in descent from Charlemagne, Emperor of the West, 800 A. D. He was the second son of Dr. Reuben Culver and his wife, Hannah Dillon Brooke, was born 25 Feb., 1833, Greene Township, Hocking Co., Ohio, died 22 Apr., 1881, Reno, Pa. Graduated from Wesleyan College, Delaware, Ohio. Studied law with Governor Dennison and General Carrington at their law office, Columbus, Ohio. Admitted to the Bar, 11 July, 1855. In 1863 engaged in private banking in New York City with his brother Charles Ver- non Culver, as Culver, Penn and Company, establishing twelve branch banks in western Pennsylvania, and in production of oil at Reno, Pa., at which place he died at the early age of forty- eight years. Mar. 13 Apr., 1856, at Logan, Ohio, Cynthia Baker, b. 14 Sept., 1835, Lancaster, Ohio, d. 27 July, 1929, Paradise Valley, California; entombed Inglewood Park Mauso- leum, Los Angeles, California. The above dates of birth, marriage and death are attested on the mausoleum and in the Culver and Baker family Bibles. Cynthia Baker was the daughter of Luman Baker6, son of Timothy Baker5, son of Aaron4 (Cornwall, Vt, Town Records, Vol. I, p. 284), lineal descendants of Edward and Jane Baker of Baker's Hill, Lynn, Mass. (Lewis and ISTewhall's History of Lynn, Trumbull's History of Northampton, p. 110, Baker-Thompson Lineage Book, Baker family Bible), and his wife, Sarah Ann Hart, of Lancaster and Logan, Ohio (see " Stephen Hart and His Descendants," by Alfred Andrews, 1875, pp. 399, 451, 514). She was a daughter of Thomas Hart and his wife, Elizabeth McClelland, of Lancaster, Ohio, and a lineal descendant of Dr. Josiah Hart, who graduated at Yale, 1762. Dr Josiah Hart was made full surgeon in the Revolution, 1775, at a special session of the Connecticut Assembly (Ancient Wethersfield, Vol. I, p. 454). From " Historical Register of Officers of Continental Army during the War of the Revolution (1775-1783)," by Francis B. Heitman, 1914 edition, p. 277: THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 167

Josiah Hart (Conn.). Surgeon's Mate 6th Conn. 6th July to Dec, 1775. Surgeon 10th Continental Infantry 1st Jan. to 31st Dec., 1776. Surgeon Conn. Militia 1777-1780. (Died Aug., 1812.) The Public Eecords of the Colony of Connecticut, 1772-1775, edited by order of the Connecticut General Assembly, Vol. 14, p. 430, Vol. 15, p. 102. Josiah Hart service for Apr. 1775. Connecticut Military Record, 1775-1848, under authority Adj. Gen. of Conn., pp. 72, 99. Josiah Hart (New Britain) Surgeon Col., S. H. Parson's Reg. 1776. 10th Continental Field and Staff, p. 562. Dr. Josiah Hart, Farmington, Conn., attached to 14th Reg. 6th Brigade. 1st March, 1780, to guard Sea Coast and Frontiers. Sup. Index to Rev. MSS. Conn. Josiah Hart Surgeon in- dorsement sick bills 1775, pp. 6, 17. Also see D. A. R. Lineage Book 31, p. 258. Cynthia (Baker) Culver was lineally descended from Colonial Governor Thomas Welles (1598-1660), who was also Treasurer and Secretary of the Colony of Conn.; Commissioner United Colonies; Deputy Governor and Governor of Conn. 1655-1658, The issue of LUCIEN HAMBDEN CULVER and his wife, Cynthia Baker, are the following:

(A) Minnie Culver, of whom further. (B) Anna Brooke Culver, b. 13 Nov., 1858, mar. 15 Jan., 1886, Charles Russell, d. 5 Dec., 1880. (C) Mary Louise Culver, b. 5 March, 1860, d. in childhood. (D) Ruth Austin Culver, b. 29 March, 1862; mar. 11 May, 1882, William Alexander Drake of Oil City, Pa. (E) Elizabeth Brooke Culver, b. 9 Oct., 1864, Hudson City, N, J. Living in Los Angeles, Calif. (F) Ellon Brooke Culver, b. 16 March, 1869, Reno, Pa., mar. Edwin Le Roy Bowen of Woodmere, Des Moines, Iowa, 16 Nov., 1892. Mem- ber Nat. Soc. Colonial Dames of America, Soc. Magna Charta Dames, Hereditary Order Descendants of Colonial Governors, Soc. Ark and Dove of Maryland, Club of Colonial Dames at Washington, D. C, Colonial Descendants Americans of Royal Descent, California Historical and Genealogical Soc, Maryland Historical Soc.

MINNIE CULVER, b. 8 June, 1857, Logan, Ohio, d. 26 Mar., 168 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

1931, Kedlands, California. Interred with husband, San Antonio, Texas. Eldest daughter Lucien Hambden Culver and his wife, Cynthia Baker. Educated at Vassar College, mar. 21 Dec., 1882, Keno, Pa., Eobert Emmet Hurley, b. 23 July, 1844, Herrick Township, Susquehanna Co., Pa., d. 25 Oct., 1913, San Antonio, Texas. Grandson of John Hurley, of Lismore, Co. Waterford, Prov. of Munster, Ireland, and Margueretta La Haye, of Norman French ancestry, and son of Thomas Hurley, b. 4 July, 1805, Ireland, d. 11 Jan., 1880, Des Moines, Iowa, interred Woodland cemetery there. He was the youngest son and had been highly educated for the priesthood, but instead came to America in 1824 and became a civil engineer; mar. by the Eev. John Powers, 4 July, 182Y, New York City, to Eliza- beth Watt, b. 20 Sept., 1810 in Scotland, d. 17 July, 18T0, Scranton, Pa., interred there. Daughter of Andrew Watt and his first wife, Sarah Browning, mar. in Scotland, 4 March, 1808, came to New York before 1819. They settled at Bloomingdale, now part of Central Park of New York City, as a manufac- turer of carriages and road coaches of the day. (See " New York of Yesterday," p. 204, by Hopper Striker IVIott. Abridged Comp. Amer. Gen., Vol. Ill, p. 165). Records from Thomas Hurley and Andrew Watt family Bibles, in possession of the present Hurley generation.

EOBEHT EMMET HUELET at age of twenty years served during the Civil War in the TJ. S. Navy, with rank of 2nd Lieut. S. S. Santiago de Cuba, attached in the Blockading Squadron, South Atlantic Coast, 1864, and was one of its three officers appointed to stand as body-guard over the body of President Lincoln at the Capitol at Washington on 18^ Aug., 1865. Later he was honorably discharged from the Navy. The issue of ROBEET EMMET HUELEY and his wife, JMinnie Culver, was three sons. (A) Lucien Culver Hurley, b. 20 June, 1885, Des Moines, Iowa. Gradu- ate of Scranton High School, 1903; graduate of Yale University, June, 1906. Entered 1918 the Great Lakes and Washington, D. C, U. S. N. training for World's War Service. Honorably discharged at Armistice. Resides in Denver, Colo., as president and treasurer of The Hurley Co. Through maternal grandmother descends from THE BEOOKE FAMILY. 169

Robert Fitzwalter, the successful leader of the barons who wrested Magna Charta from King John, 1215, upon which tenets our Declaration of Independence and Constitution are founded. Member of the Soc. of Barons of Runnemede. Mar. 15 May, 1915, Denver, Colo., Shirley Basey Watkins, b. 3 July, 1890, Denver Colo., daughter of Leonard Kendrick Watkins, b. 26 Aug., 1863, St. Louis, Mo., d. 13 Sept., 1913, Denver, Colo., and his wife, Annabel Basey, b. 3 July, 1862, Brunswick, Mo,, whom he married 24 Feb., 1885. Shirley Basey Watkins is the grand-daughter of Leonard Alfred Watkins, b. 2 Oct., 1831, Birmingham, Eng., d. 18 Jan., 1895, Denver, Colo.; mar. in Birmingham, Eng., Emma Kendrick, b. 8 March, 1832, Birmingham, Eng., d. 2 June, 1915, Denver, Colo. They came to St. Louis, Mo., 1855. The issue of Lucien Culver Hurley and his wife, Shirley Basey Watkins are the following: Barbara Brooke Hurley, b. 12 May, 1917, Sheboygan, Wis.; Patricia Brooke Hurley, b. 1 Aug., 1920, Denver, Colo., died there 16 Oct., 1925; Leonard Watkins Hurley, b. 5 Feb., 1924, Denver, Colo. (B) Robert Stanley Hurley, b. 25 Sept., 1888, Chicago, 111. Graduate of Scranton, Pa., High School, 1906; Yale, 1906-1909. Entered marine training, World's War, Paris Island, South Carolina, 1917. Honorably discharged at Armistice, 21 Feb., 1919. Mar. 18 Aug., 1932, Velura Grayce McCain of Oak Park, 111., the sister of the wife of his brother Howard. (C) Howard Watt Hurley, b. 13 Sept., 1891, North Park, Scranton, Pa. Graduate of Scranton High School, 1910; graduated Yale University, 1914. Entered Reserve Officer's Corps, World's War. Commd. 2nd Lieut. Coast Artillery, 1917. Bat. "A," 65th C. A. C, France. After return from France officered train of soldiers to California, where at Camp Kearny was mustered out, 24 Feb., 1919. Mar. 29 Aug., 1922, at Oak Park, 111., Leoda Delphine McCain, b. 12 Aug., 1888, Port Huron, Mich., daughter of Cyrus Alfred McCain, b. 13 Aug., 1865, Port Huron, Mich., and his wife, Georgiana Adele Zavitz, b. 25 Sept., I860, Port Colburn, Ontario, Canada. She was the daughter of George Zavitz and his wife, Janet Haun, who was a lineal descendant of Oliver Cromwell, through his son Richard. Leoda Delphine McCain is the grand-daughter of William McCain, b. 1825, Ontario, Canada, d. 30 Oct., 1880, Port Colburn, Ontario, Canada, and his wife, Lavinah Nelson, b. 21 May, 1829, Ontario, Canada, d. 1885, Port Huron, Mich. The issue of Howard Watt Hurley and his wife, Leoda Delphine McCain: Two daughters, Nancy Cynthia Hurley, b. 11 July, 1923, Houston, Texas; Janet Brooke Hurley, b. 3 July, 1924, New Orleans, La. 170 MAEYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY.

March IZth, 193^.—The regular meeting of the Society was held to-night with the President in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved, as read. A list of the donations made to the Library and Gallery since the last meeting was read. The following named persons, having been previously nomi- nated, were elected to membership :

Active- John Condon of " H " Miss Fanny King McLane Mrs. Bennett Grain Harvey Harges Robinson Mr. Z. Bond Evans, Jr. Miss Anna Trail Mr. George Henderson

Associate : Mr. Richard Washburn Hynson

The attention of the members was called to the gift of the Old C. & P. telephone directories and asked to please present any of these old books which they may have in their possession so that our file may be made more complete. It is thought that in later years these old directories will be useful to extend the file of old Baltimore City Directories. Dr. Harris E. Kirk was recognized by the chair and read a paper entitled " John Baskerville." Mr. Louis H. Dielman moved that the unanimous thanks of the Society be extended to Dr. Kirk for his most interesting and delightful paper. Upon motion duly seconded and carried the meeting ad- journed. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETT. 171

April 9th, 1934.—The regular meeting of the Society was held to-night with President Harris in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved, as read. The following named persons were elected to membership: Active: Mrs. Brodnax (Julia Sprigg) W. Stull Holt, Ph. D. Cameron Miss Ellen C. Israel Mrs. Allen A. Davis Miss Martha Jarman Kent Eoberts Greenfield, Ph. D. Miss Margery Whyte

Associate: J. Thomas Kelly, M. D. Mr. Herbert L. Satterlee Mr. Clifford Lewis, 3rd

The following deaths were reported from among our members:

Mr. Frank C. Norwood, January 5th, 1934. Mr. Francis X. Milholland, March 24th, 1934.

Mr. J. Bennett Nolan, historian of the " American Friends of Lafayette," was introduced by the President. Mr. Nolan's subject was " Lafayette in Maryland." It was moved, seconded and carried, that the unanimous thanks of the Society be extended to Mr. Nolan for his interest- ing and instructive talk. There being no further business, upon motion duly seconded and carried, the meeting adjourned.

May IJi-th, 1934.—The regular meeting of the Society was held to-night with President Harris in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved, as read. A list of the donations made to the Library wes read. The following named persons, having been previously nomi- nated, were elected to membership: 172 MAEYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE.

Active: Miss Annie Smith Eigga Mr. William H. Matthai Mr. Erwin R Roach Mr. Howard C. Sutton Mr. Walter F. Austin Mrs. Richard J. Leupold Mrs. Francis King Carey Mrs. W. Edwin Moffett Mr. Samuel P. Morton Dr. Edmund P. Harrison Mr. Thomas F. Cadwallader

Associate: Mr. Rohert C. Jones Mrs. J. R. Grove Mrs. Philip Gardner

The following deaths were reported from among our members: Charles F. Harley, July 1st, 1933. Mrs. Wilson Burns Trundle, April 7th, 1934. William H. Welch, M. D., April 30th, 1934.

Senator McCulloh Brown was recognized by the Chair. He brought to the attention of the Society the proposed restoration of Fort Frederick by the " C. C. C." camp, and asked the mem- bers of the Society to go to Fort Frederick sometime during the summer and make a survey of the work so that any possible step can be taken in case the work on the Fort is not being con- fined to its original specifications. President Harris introduced the speakers of the evening. Prof. Kent Roberts Greenfield, Head of the Department of Modern European History; and Prof. William Stull Holt, Associate in American History; both of the Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Holt spoke on the management and field covered by the Historical Societies of the United States, Dr. Greenfield spoke on the European Historical Societies. Both of these speakers brought out the work which could be accomplished by the His- torical Societies and the Universities working together. Mr. Louis H. Dielman was recognized by the Chair. In extending to the speakers the thanks of the Society for their interesting and constructive talk, Mr. Dielman gave a brief NOTE AND QUERY. 173 outline of our Society in its early days and of the real work and interest in the growth of our library expressed by our early Presidents.

NOTE AND QUEEY.

THE SURGEON OF THE ARK OF MARYLAND. As a matter of timely interest, attention is called to the following letter from the "Lechford Correspondence" published in Yol. 5 of this Magazine, at page 61. " Sir Kichard Leatchf ord my service with respect remembered, you may be pleased to understand that your loving Frend Captaine Leanard Calvert having occation to make use of mee for som Commodities whome I was very willing and redy to furnish hath charged you by way of exchainge to make satis- factio. my request is that your worshippe would be pleased I living soe Far of and it being soe smale a some as to take order for the paiment. " so wishing you health I rest Yours to use Kichard Edwards Chirurgion of the Arke of Mariland. the some of the bill is 9lb sterling To the Worppl1 Sir Richard Leatchford give this I pray. [Endorse in a later hand " Sans Date ".] In the Peabody Fund Publication, 'No. 35 (Calvert Papers ISTo. 3.) is a letter from Leonard Calvert to Sir Richard Lech- ford, dated poynt Comfort, 30th May 1634, in which he writes: " I have signed a bill of exchange of 91 for one Mr. Richard Edwards our Chyrurgeon of the Arcke dated the 30th dav of May, 1634 ..." [page 25]

What was the maiden name of Catharine, wife of Richard Sevens (Bivens, Bevans) of Maryland and Shelby County, Ky.? 174 MAEYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.

I. Susan Bevens, dau. of Richard, above was bom in Mary- land (what county ?) about 1795, and married in Simpsonville, Shelby Co., Ky., Michael Goodkuight, son of Abraham and Mary Hanna Goodknight. II. Margaret Sevens, dau. of Richard, m. Jefferson Mitchell. III. Sarah (Sally) Sevens m. Wm. Ellis. IV. Elizabeth (Betty) Sevens m. John Fox and emigrated to Salem, Indiana. V. Mary Sevens m. Nov. 6, 1828, Simpsonville, Ky., Jacob Goodknight, b. 1795, in Ky., son of Abraham & Mary (Hanna) Goodknight. Where and when were Richard and Catharine Sevens born, and married ? Who were their parents and grandparents ? Did Richard Sevens participate in the Revolutionary War?

Lanham — Sappington — Wanted all possible records of Thomas Lanham and Patience Sappington of Prince Georges, & Montgomery Cos., Md., and Madison Co., Ky., and their ancestry. (Mrs. C. S.) LILLIAN PEEWITT GOODKNIGHT. 4455 Kabala Avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii.

We have received from The British Library of Information 270 Madison Ave., New York City, a handsome facsimile of the " Olive Branch Petition, 8 July, 1775," in collotype. This it will be recalled is from the original in the Museum of the Public Record Office in London, the signed duplicate of which was sold in 1932 for a fabulous sum. Copies of the facsimile njay be obtained as above at 65 cents each.

We have received from The Institute of American Genealogy, Chicago, 111., The Handbook of American Genealogy, Vol. 2, 1934. This is a guide to the genealogical work known to be in prog- ress, and an index to the National clearing house of genealogical information conducted under the general direction of Mr. Fred- erick Adams Virkus. It will doubtless prove of real value to searchers everywhere. There are names and addresses of pro- fessional genealogists in every section of the country.