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Maryland Historical Magazine, 1934, Volume 29, Issue No. 2

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^SA scse&M-"'-/ Edited by J. HALL PLEASANTS, M. D. Published by authority of the State VOLUME L Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1752-1754. The fiftieth volume of Maryland Archives, just off the press, is a worthy companion to those which have preceded it. It is the twenty-third volume of the sub-series dealing with Assembly affairs and is a handsome quarto volume of six hundred and sixty-two pages. As in other recent volumes of the work it is prefaced with a scholarly resume of the contents, by the Editor. The publication of the fiftieth volume of such a series is a matter of more than passing interest and should be a subject of gratulation to the citizens of the State at large, as it is an honor to the Maryland Historical Society, which has every reason to be proud of its stewardship of our State's invaluable archives. BENEFACTORS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FUNDS OF THE SOCIETY Mrs. Mary Washington Keyser, Gift of the Buildings and gvovmda of the Society ^1916). George Peabody, Gift (1806) $20,000.00 J. Wilson Leakin, Bequest (1923), Historical relics and 10,000.00 Drayton Meade Hite, Gift (1919) 1,000.00 and Bequest (1923) 6,000.00 Mrs. Drayton Meade Hite, Bequest (1927) 4,000.00 Mendes Cohen, Bequest (1915) 5,000.00 Mrs. Caroline J. Lytle (1928) 5,000.00 Van Lear Black, Gift - 1,500.00 Miss Eleanor S. Cohen, Gifts (1919), Historical relics and $300, Memorial to her parents, Israel and Cecilia E. Cohen (1920) 1,000.00 Miss Susan Dobbin Leakin (1924), Preparation of J. Wilson Leakin room and contribution to its contents. Charles Exley Calvert, Gift 1,150.00 Mrs. Thomas B. Gresham, Bequest (1920) 1,200.00 Isaac Henry Ford, Bequest (1916) 1,000.00 W. Hall Harris, Gift 1,000.00 Isaac P. Nicholson, Gift (1909) 1,000.00 Isaac Tyson Norris, Gift (1910) ] 1,000.00 J. Henry Stickney, Bequest (1892) 1,000.00 Mrs. Emilie McKim Reed, Bequest (1920) 1,000.00 Henry Stockbridge, Gift (1920) 1,000.00 DeCourcy W. Thorn, Gift 1,000.00 Mrs. DeCourcy W. Thorn, Gift 1,000.00 W. G. Baker, Gift 500.00 Mrs. W. Hall Harris, Gift 500.00 Adelaide S. Wilson, Gift 500.00 J. Appleton Wilson, Gift 500.00 William Power Wilson, Gift 500.00 Mrs. Rebecca Lanier King, Bequest (1928) 500.00 McHenry Howard, Gift 333.34 Charles McHenry Howard, Gift 333.33 Elizabeth Gray Howard, Gift 333.33 Simon Dalsheimer, Gift 300.00 Miles White, Jr., Gift 300.00 Miss Nellie Williams, Gift $ 200.00 Charles C. Homer, Jr., Gift 150.00 Raphael Semmes, Gifts 140.00 Mrs. George F. Libby, Gifts 125.00 Samuel M. Wilson, Gift 120.00 Louis H. Dielman, Gift 100.00 K. C. Hoffman, Gift 100.00 Henry P. Hynson, Gift 100.00 William Ingle, Gift 100.00 Mrs. Rebecca Littlejohn, Gift 100.00 John H. Morgan, Gift 100.00 Lawrence J. Morris, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Charlotte Gilman Paul, Gift 100.00 Mrs. Mary B. Redwood, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Mary Clough Cain, Life Membership 100.00 George Harvey Davis, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Ida M. Shirk, Life Membership 100.00 Mrs. Joseph Y. Jeanes, Life Membership 100.00 Bernard C. Steiner, Gift 100.00 J. Alexis Shriver, Life Membership 100.00 Mr. Edmund Key, Life Membership 100.00 Edwin Warfield, Jr., Gift 75.00 Mrs. Emma U. Warfield, Gift 75.00 Blanchard Randall, Gift 43.42 Ferd. Bernheimer, Gift 30.00 Walter I. Dawkins, Gift 25.00 William J. Donnelly, Gift 25.00 A. E. Duncan, Gift 25.00 Mrs. E. Edmunds Foster, Gift 25.00 John W. Marshall, Gift 25.00 John Parker, Gift 25.00 Mrs. Joseph Y. Jeanes 25.00 Daniel Annan, Gift 20.00 C. C. Shriver, Gift 20.00 Mrs. Francis T. Redwood, Gift 16.00 Mrs. John H. Sherburne, Gift 10.00 Mrs. Annie Leakin Sioussat, Gift 10.00 Samuel Grafton Duvall, Gift 10.00 Mrs. V. E. Mohler, Gift 10.00 William B. Levy, Gift 5.00 Philip Francis Trippe, Gift 6.00 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY INCORPORATED 1843. H. IBVINE KETSEK MEMOKIAL BUILDING, 201 W. MONUMENT STREET, BALTIMOBE. OFFICERS. President, VV. HALL HARRIS. Vice-Presidents GEORGE L. RADCLIFFE, CLINTON L. RIGGS, RICHARD M. DUVALL. Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, J. HALL PLEASANTS. JAMES E. HANCOCK. Treasurer, HEYWARD E. BOYCE. THE COUNCIL. THE GENERAL OFFICERS AND REPRESENTATIVES OF STANDING COMMITTEES: G. CORNER FENHAGEN, Representing the Trustees of the Athenaeum. J. HALL PLEASANTS, " Committee on Publication. HENRY J. BERKLEY, M. D., " Committee on the Library. WILLIAM INGLE, " Committee on Finance. JAMES D. IGLEHART, " Committee on Membership. LAURENCE H. FOWLER, " Committee on the Gallery. J. ALEXIS SHRIVER, " Committee on Addresses. WILLIAM B. MARYE, " Committee on Genealogy. CONTENTS. PAGE FIGHT OF A CENTDBY BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEBTS. By Walter A. Powell, 83 THE SOCIETT OF FEIENDS IN MARYLAND. By Delmar Leon Thornbury, 101 LAND RECORDS OF BALTIMOEE COUNTY, 1674 AND 1675. Contributed by Louis Dow Soisco, 116 MARYLAND MAGAZINES—ANTE BELLXTM, 1793 TO 1861. Compiled by Gertrude Gilmer, 120 EARLY MARYLAND NEWSPAPERS. Compiled by George C. Eeidel, Ph. D. 132 AN ORATION. DBLIVEBED ON THE 4TH OF JULY, 1800. By Jno. L. Kerr, 144 THE BBOOKE FAMILY. By Ellon Brooke Culver Bowen, . 152 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 171 NOTE AND QUERY, 173 Committee on Publications SAMUEL K. DENNIS, Chairman JOHN M. VINCENT, J. HALL PLEASANTS. LOUIS H. DIELMAN, Editor. MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL. XXIX. JUNE, 1934. No. a. FIGHT OF A CENTUfiY BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVERTS. OVEE THE THREE LOWER COUNTIES ON DELAWARE WHICH RESULTED IN MAKING THE STATE OF DELAWARE A SEPARATE COMMONWEALTH. By WALTER A. POWELL. POEEWORD. The history of the contest of a century between the Penns and Calverts over the " Three Lower Counties," then a comparatively narrow tract of land along the Delaware Eiver, Bay and Ocean, which resulted in making the State of Delaware a separate Common- wealth, is found in the Archives of Pennsylvania, Maryland and New York. These Archives contain copies of grants, records, docu- ments, papers, proceedings, testimony and orders in the hearings in England before the Lords of Trade and Plantations in 1683-1685 and in the suit in Chancery decided in 1750 by Lord Chancellor Hardwieke in the contest between the Penns and Calverts. The claim is made that the existence of Delaware as a separate Common- wealth is due to the planting the De Vries Colony in 1631 at Lewes on a narrow tract of land two miles wide and thirty-two miles in length under a grant by the West India Company of Holland. England claimed the territory, now Delaware, being the East half of Peninsula lying between the Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware Eiver, Bay and Ocean by right of discovery of land from Cape Fear to Canada and by occupation by Colonies in many places long prior to 1631. June 20, 1632, Charles I made a grant to Lord Baltimore of Maryland—being all of the land between the Chesa- peake Bay and the Delaware River, Bay and Ocean and other land. In 1681, Charles II made a grant to William Penn of Pennsylvania. 83 84 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Penn, discovering that he had no outlet to his province, saw that he must have the " Three Lower Counties on Delaware " then a comparatively narrow tract of land along the Delaware Eiver, Bay and Ocean, for an outlet to Pennsylvania, even though this territory had been granted to Lord Baltimore in 1632. The contest between the Penns and Calverts over what was then known as the " Three Lower Counties," waged for nearly a century, finally resulted in taking from Lord Baltimore a part of his grant— the entire east half of his Peninsula, now Delaware territory, and giving it to the Penns. Delaware owes its existence as a separate Commonwealth to this fight of a century in which Lord Baltimore lost and Penn gained the east half of the Peninsula—now Delaware. WALTER A. POWELL, April, 1932. Dover, Delaware. The De Vries monument on the site of the Colony seated at Lewes by the Dutch in 1631 bears the following inscription: " That Delaware exists as a separate Commonwealth is due to this Colony." This inscription had its origin in a clause in the patent to Maryland issued by Charles I. of England to Cecelius Calvert— Lord Baltimore, dated June 20th, 1632, viz: "A country hither- to uncultivated (Hactenus inculta) . and partly inhabited by savages having no knowledge of the Divine Being." The De Vries Colony was planted in 1631 on a narrow tract of land on the coast extending from the present south line of Delaware north 32 miles to a point a little north of Bower's Beach and 2 miles in width, under a grant from the West India Company to Godyn and Bloemmaert and the purchase thereof by them from the Indians. The claim is made that as the De Vries Colony was planted in 1631, this " Country " was culti- vated and inhabitated by the Dutch prior to Lord Baltimore's grant made June 20, 1632 (hereafter discussed); consequently it was not then " uncultivated " and partly inhabited by " sav- ages ": Therefore, " That Delaware exists as a separate Com- monwealth is due to this Colony." The territory now known as Delaware, comprising the entire east half of the Peninsula THE EIGHT BETWEEN THE PENNS AND CALVEBTS. 85 between the Delaware Bay and Eiver on the East and of the Chesapeake Bay on the West, does not owe its existence as a " separate Commonwealth" to the De Vries Colony.
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