DOCSLIB.ORG

The Material World, Memory, and the Making of William Penn's Pennsylvania, 1681--1726

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2011 Building and Planting: The Material World, Memory, and the Making of William Penn's Pennsylvania, 1681--1726 Catharine Christie Dann Roeber College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Roeber, Catharine Christie Dann, "Building and Planting: The Material World, Memory, and the Making of William Penn's Pennsylvania, 1681--1726" (2011). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623350. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-824s-w281 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Building and Planting: The Material World, Memory, and the Making of William Penn's Pennsylvania, 1681-1726 Catharine Christie Dann Roeber Oxford, Pennsylvania Bachelor of Arts, The College of William and Mary, 1998 Master of Arts, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture, University of Delaware, 2000 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History The College of William and Mary August, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Catharine Dann Roeber All rights reserved APPROVAL PAGE This Dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ac#t~Catharine ~t-r'~~ Christie Dann Roeber ~----- Committee Chair Dr. James P. Whittenburg JJepartment of History, The College of William and Mary C?~ Department of American Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill ABSTRACT PAGE The process of creating the colony of Pennsylvania began with the granting of a charter by King Charles II to William Penn in 1681. However the formation of Pennsylvania was not limited to the words of this or other official documents. Many people formed the province through both everyday actions and extraordinary events. And importantly, people involved in the Pennsyvlania project employed both material "toolkits" and language about the material world to stake a place for the new territory within the Americas, Britain, and the world in the seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. This dissertation examines how William Penn and his contemporaries used the material world and language about it to promote the province of Pennsylvania. In particular, Penn's use of the built environment and landscapes, foods and other natural resources, and maps and natural philosophy are examined as case studies for the intersection betweeen material life and ideology in forming a new geographic and political entity. Previous scholarship has often examined William Penn through the lens of politics and religion, resulting in a view of the founder as removed from material interests. But examination fo Penn's own words and documents relating to his life suggests that he not only held a deep interest and involvement with material concerns, he viewed management of the material world as central to his religious, political, and social goals for the province of Pennsylvania and more broadly in his life. In part, scholarship on the material world of William Penn and early Pennsylvania has been obscured by the fact that almost immediately following the death of Penn, people created a stereotyped figure of him representing idealistic polititical, social, and religious goals (although this was defined in many different ways and used to promote a host of competing causes). Even later imagery depicting Penn promotes this cartoon-like image rather than the complex and often controversial figure he was in reality. In addition, emphasis on scholarship after the mid­ eighteenth century with particular focus on the American Revolution obscures a critical interpretation of the earliest period of settlement in Pennsylvania. The process of remembering William Penn and early Pennsylvania (or forgetting that history) continues today through management of historic and cultural resources, as well as physical remembrances in the form of public monuments, parks, and visual representations. Creating and remembering Pennsylvania and its founders has always been, and continues to be a series of negotiations through words, images, and the material world. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Dedication n Acknowledgements m List of Figures v1 Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Taking the Keys: Improvement Strategies in Pennsylvania 36 Chapter 3. "Fruits roots come and flesh:" Natural Resources and 79 Improvement in Pennsylvania Chapter 4. "tis of mighty moment": 136 Geographic Representation in Early Pennsylvania Chapter 5. Remembering William Penn and Pennsylvania 186 Figures 220 Appendix: Timeline 293 Bibliography 296 Vita 316 1 To my Grandma, Gloria Melville Sparrow, and the memory of my other grandparents, Irving Thompson Sparrow, C. Marshall Dann, and Catharine Christie Dann, for providing a wealth of inspiration. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people deserve a world of thanks for assisting in the creation of this dissertation. First, a thank you to my late Dann grandparents for a wonderful trip to England and France with my cousin when I was 10 years old. I am sure that our afternoon visit to Jordan's Meeting House, where I saw William Penn's grave made a lasting impression on me and created an interest in Penn that never diminished. Later, as a high-schooler, I spent a wonderful spring break as a house guest to Marion Carson in Philadelphia, where I spent days exploring the city under her tutelage and becoming enamored of the City of Brotherly Love. A walking tour of Philadelphia, led by Dr. Bernard Herman during the Summer Institute of the Winterthur Program sealed my fate and created an unquenched thirst for knowledge about seventeenth and early-eighteenth century Philadelphia that resulted in a masters thesis topic, continues in this dissertation, and will endure in future scholarship. I have not only found inspiration from those notable experiences, but from numerous individuals and institutions. My friends have always encouraged and supported me, even as they asked "So when will you finally be done?" A special thanks goes to my dear friend and honorary sister Sara Camille Bonisteel for many years of laughter and fun and my ol' pal, fellow budding intellectual, and partner in culinary adventures, Hanna Rachel Raskin for her infectious spirit for life. My graduate school friends, especially, Amy Marks Delaney from Winterthur and Emily Moore, Buddy Paulett, Bridget Reddick and John Weber from William and Mary all have a wonderful combination of intellectual vibrancy and personal pizzazz that I so admire. The University of Delaware dissertation group gang, especially Anna, Zara, Eric, and Coleen provided much-needed comradery and creative feedback over tea. Closer to home, the Garcia-Allens, Lawlers, Bensens, and Netizels provide sustaining friendship. Throughout my many years of schooling, many teachers have guided me and inspired me. During my undergraduate years at William and Mary, Professor Norman Barka offered me amazing opportunities to work on colonial archaeological sites in the Caribbean and trusted me to organize his lab. Marley Brown and the staff at the Department of Archaeological research also allowed me to immerse myself in the wonderful world of artifacts. Carol Sheriff and Chandos Brown encouraged my "traditional history" leanings with interest­ piquing courses. The Winterthur program opened my eyes to the benefits of cross­ disciplinary work and Dr. Bernard Herman and Dr. Martin Bruckner, in particular, served as exemplary models for how to accomplish this work to best effect. Dr. Anne Verplanck kindly took the time to read and provide valuable comments on early chapters. 111 During my second round at William and Mary, Professor Sheriff again provided rigorous training in historical scholarship and writing along with my other professors, notably James Axtell, Kris Lane, Lisa Meyer, Scott Nelson, and Cindy Hahamovitch, and Marley Brown. My biggest thank you goes to Professor James P. Whittenburg for supporting my interests and acting as a model for teaching and mentoring students. I admire him personally and professionally and appreciate his teaching, advising, and guidance more than I could ever express in words. Dr./Mrs. Carolyn Whittenburg and the National Institute for American History and Democracy deserve thanks for providing teaching opportunities and gainful employment for many summers. Additionally, the Department of Archaeological Research at Colonial Williamsburg and the Lyon G. Tyler Department of History at the College of William and Mary both provided generous research fellowships, stipends, research and travel funding. Additional financial support for putting bread on the table and a roof over my head has come through work for institutions and organizations such as the American Antiquarian Society, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, and most importantly, Winterthur Museum. The Gest Fellowship at Haverford College Quaker Collections and a Library Company/Historical Society of Pennsylvania research fellowship provided not only financial assistance but exposure to wonderful collections that I draw on
Recommended publications
  • JAMES LOGAN the Political Career of a Colonial Scholar

    JAMES LOGAN the Political Career of a Colonial Scholar

    JAMES LOGAN The Political Career of a Colonial Scholar By E. GORDON ALDERFER* A CROSS Sixth Street facing the shaded lawn of Independence Square in Philadelphia, on the plot now hidden by the pomp- ous facade of The Curtis Publishing Company, once stood a curious little building that could with some justice lay claim to being the birthplace of the classic spirit of early America. Just as the State House across the way symbolizes the birth of independ- ence and revolutionary idealism, the first public home of the Loganian Library could represent (were it still standing) the balanced, serene, inquiring type of mind so largely responsible for nurturing the civilization of the colonies. The Loganian, the first free public library in America outside of Boston and by some odds the greatest collection for public use in the colonial era, was the creation of James Logan, occasionally reputed to have been the most learned man in the colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century. Logan journeyed to Amer- ica with William Penn in 1699 as Penn's secretary, and became in effect the resident head of the province. Two years later, when Penn left his province never to return, Logan was commissioned Secretary of the Province and Commissioner of Property. He was soon installed as Clerk of the Provincial Council and became its most influential member in spite of his youthfulness. Even- tually, in 1731, Logan became Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, and, five years later, as President of the Provincial Council, he assumed *Dr. E. Gordon Alderfer is associated with CARE, Inc., New York, in a research and administrative capacity.
  • The Pennsylvania Assembly's Conflict with the Penns, 1754-1768

    The Pennsylvania Assembly's Conflict with the Penns, 1754-1768

    Liberty University “The Jaws of Proprietary Slavery”: The Pennsylvania Assembly’s Conflict With the Penns, 1754-1768 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the History Department in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in History by Steven Deyerle Lynchburg, Virginia March, 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Liberty or Security: Outbreak of Conflict Between the Assembly and Proprietors ......9 Chapter 2: Bribes, Repeals, and Riots: Steps Toward a Petition for Royal Government ..............33 Chapter 3: Securing Privilege: The Debates and Election of 1764 ...............................................63 Chapter 4: The Greater Threat: Proprietors or Parliament? ...........................................................90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................113 1 Introduction In late 1755, the vituperative Reverend William Smith reported to his proprietor Thomas Penn that there was “a most wicked Scheme on Foot to run things into Destruction and involve you in the ruins.” 1 The culprits were the members of the colony’s unicameral legislative body, the Pennsylvania Assembly (also called the House of Representatives). The representatives held a different opinion of the conflict, believing that the proprietors were the ones scheming, in order to “erect their desired Superstructure of despotic Power, and reduce to
  • Real Stories from Our History

    Real Stories from Our History

    REAL STORIES FROM OUR HISTORY ROMANCE AND ADVENTURE IN AUTHENTIC RECORDS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES BY JOHN T. PARIS AUTHOR OF "winning THE OREGON COUNTRY" "THE ALASKAN PATHFINDER," ETC. GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON . NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS • SAN FRANCISCO COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY JOHN T. PARIS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 216.4 .3 ! tCfte atftengum J^ttii GINN AND COMPANY- PRO- PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A. APR 19 1916 (Dn A 4 27 7 05 (£) The Curtis Publishing Company, from a Copley Print. © Curtib »S: Canierun, Boston \ PRISCILLA AND JOHN ALDEN PREFACE In its report to the National Education Association, the Committee of Eight on the Study of History in the Elementary Schools, appointed by the American Historical Society, said, '" Our history teaching in the past has failed largely because it has not been picturesque enough." The committee also outlined a method by which the lacking element could be supplied. Among other things this was said, " Only typical events should receive em- phasis, and these should be so grasped and so presented as to make definite impression." Emphasis was laid on "the giving of a sense of reality and appealing to the feelings " by "reading source material like letters, journals, diaries and other personal accounts from the pens of men and women who took part in the events they narrate or witnessed the scenes they portray," and by the interpretation of these sources. In preparing " Real Stories from Our History " the author has kept in mind this report which voiced the plea made by teachers for books that would give human interest to facts that to many seem remote and colorless.
  • Antiquarian & Modern

    Antiquarian & Modern

    Blackwell’s Rare Books Blackwell’S rare books ANTIQUARIAN & MODERN Blackwell’s Rare Books 48-51 Broad Street, Oxford, OX1 3BQ Direct Telephone: +44 (0) 1865 333555 Switchboard: +44 (0) 1865 792792 Email: [email protected] Fax: +44 (0) 1865 794143 www.blackwell.co.uk/ rarebooks Our premises are in the main Blackwell’s bookstore at 48-51 Broad Street, one of the largest and best known in the world, housing over 200,000 new book titles, covering every subject, discipline and interest, as well as a large secondhand books department. There is lift access to each floor. The bookstore is in the centre of the city, opposite the Bodleian Library and Sheldonian Theatre, and close to several of the colleges and other university buildings, with on street parking close by. Oxford is at the centre of an excellent road and rail network, close to the London - Birmingham (M40) motorway and is served by a frequent train service from London (Paddington). Hours: Monday–Saturday 9am to 6pm. (Tuesday 9:30am to 6pm.) Purchases: We are always keen to purchase books, whether single works or in quantity, and will be pleased to make arrangements to view them. Auction commissions: We attend a number of auction sales and will be happy to execute commissions on your behalf. Blackwell’s online bookshop www.blackwell.co.uk Our extensive online catalogue of new books caters for every speciality, with the latest releases and editor’s recommendations. We have something for everyone. Select from our subject areas, reviews, highlights, promotions and more. Orders and correspondence should in every case be sent to our Broad Street address (all books subject to prior sale).
  • Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania

    Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania

    Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland Defender of the Faith &c To our Right Trusty and Welbeloved Chancellor Heneage Lord Finch our Chancellor of England greeting Wee will and comand you that under our Great Seale of England remaining in your Custody you cause our Letters to be made Forth patents in form following: CHARLES the Second, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all whom these presents shall come, Greets. WHEREAS Our Trustie and wellbeloved Subject WILLIAM PENN, Esquire, Sonne and heire of Sir WILLIAM PENN deceased, out of a commendable Desire to enlarge our English Empire, and promote such usefull comodities as may bee of Benefit to us and Our Dominions, as also to reduce the savage Natives by gentle and just mamlers to the Love of Civil Societie and Christian Religion, hath humbley besought Leave of Us to transport an ample Colonie unto a certaine Countrey hereinafter described. in the Partes of America not yet cultivated and planted; And hath likewise humbley besought Our Royall Majestie to Give, Grant, and Confirme all the said Countrey, with certaine Privileges and Jurisdictions, requisite for the good Government and Safetie of the said Countrey and Colonie, to him and his Heires forever: KNOW YE THEREFORE, That Wee, favouring the Petition and good Purpose of the said William Penn, and haveing Regard to the Memorie and Meritts of his late Father in divers Services, and perticulerlv
  • Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas: Review Paper for Saskatchewan

    Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas: Review Paper for Saskatchewan

    INDIGENOUS PROTECTED AND CONSERVED AREAS: REVIEW PAPER FOR SASKATCHEWAN (January 2021) Norman Henderson Adjunct Professor, Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, U of R / U of S Sponsoring Partners: Ya'thi Néné Lands and Resources and Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment Project Managing Partner: Ya'thi Néné Lands and Resources DISCLAIMER: This Paper is for informational purposes only and was developed through collaboration between the Sponsoring Partners. This Paper is not a positional paper and is not a representation of the interests of either of the Sponsoring Partners. Where it includes views or opinions, these are the views and opinions of the author only, not the views or opinions of the Sponsoring Partners. Both Sponsoring Partners believe the information contained within this Paper could be useful for dialogue purposes moving forward and for any rights holders or stakeholders to consider when learning about Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3 Purpose of an Indigenous Protected and Conserved Area…………………………….3 IPCA Diversity…..…………………………………………………………………….4 North American and European Conservation Thought Contrasted……………………4 Stakeholder and Athabasca Denesųłiné Objectives and Context………………………5 Saskatchewan-based IPCAs in the National Context………………………………..…6 Existing IPCA-Instructive Protected Area Designations…………………………………...8 British National Parks: All-Inclusive Protected Areas…………………….…………....8 Australian Indigenous Protected Areas: Autonomy, Conservation
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation FOI Ifferagency RESOURCES Dtvision NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

    National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation FOI Ifferagency RESOURCES Dtvision NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

    NPS Form 10-900-b (Jan 1987) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service JAN 2 3 B95 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation FOI iffERAGENCY RESOURCES DtVISION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Type all entries. A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Greensboro/New Geneva Multiple Property B. Associated Historic Contexts Greensboro/New Geneva Architecture c. 1790-1944 Settlement, Transportation Improvements, and Development of the Geneva Area 1 760 1944 Greensboro/New Geneva Glass Industry 1797-1858_________________ Greensboro/New Geneva Pottery Industry c . 1800-1914 C. Geographical Data________________________________________ Greensboro Borough and Monongahela Township, Greene County Nicholson Township, Fayette County [_(See continuation sheet D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby/ certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements fc>r the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural an d professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part GCLand the Secretary of tfcxe~>]|r>jerior's Standards for Planning and /Evaluatiory. jj^ n \i DR. BRENT D. GLASS -fy/^f\l\ \(J*'C?Wr\S) \ / Signature of certifying official Date PA HISTORICAL & MUSEUM COMMISSION State or Federal agency and bureau I, hereby, certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register.
  • History of Upland, PA

    History of Upland, PA

    Chronology of Upland, PA from 1681 through 1939 and A Chronology of the Chester Mills from 1681 through 1858. Land in the area of today’s Upland was entirely taken up in the 1600’s by Swedes, and laid out in “plantations”. Swedes and Finns had settled on the west bank of the Delaware River as early as 1650. The Swedes called this area “Upland”. Peter Stuyvesant, Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam (now New York), forced the Swedes to capitulate and named the area “Oplandt”. September, 1664 – English Colonel Nichols captured New Amsterdam, it became “his majesty’s town of New York”. The Swedes decided it was “Upland” again. Local Indians were of the Lenni Lenape tribe – The Turtle Clan. An old Indian trail ran from Darby along the general route of the present MacDade Blvd. into the Chester area, where it followed today’s 24th Street to the present Upland Avenue. Here it turned down the hill passing the current Kerlin Street, and on to the area that is now Front Street where it turned right, following close to Chester Creek across the land which later would become Caleb Pusey’s plantation, and then made a crossing to the higher land on the opposite side of the creek. Dr. Paul Wallace, the Indian expert, sites this Indian trail; “The Indians could here cross over on stones and keep their moccasins dry”. The Indian name for the Chester Creek was “Meechaoppenachklan”, which meant. Large potato stream, or the stream along which large potatoes grow. From 1681 . William Penn, being a man who learned from the experiences of others, was intent on providing a vital infrastructure for the settler/land owners in the new colony.
  • Pennsylvania History

    Pennsylvania History

    PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY VOL. XXI APRIL, 1954 No. 2 THE FAILURE OF THE "HOLY EXPERIMENT" IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1684-1699 By EDWIN B. BRONNER* HE founding of colonial Pennsylvania was a great success. TLet there be no misunderstanding in regard to that matter. The facts speak for themselves. From the very beginning colonists came to the Delaware Valley in great numbers. Philadelphia grew rapidly and was eventually the largest town in the British colonies. The area under cultivation expanded steadily; Pennsylvania con- tinued to grow throughout the colonial period, and her pecuniary success has never been questioned. The Proprietor granted his freemen an enlightened form of government, and gradually accepted a series of proposals by the citizenry for liberalizing the constitution. As an outgrowth of the Quaker belief that all men are children of God, the colony granted religious toleration to virtually all who wished to settle, made a practice of treating the Indians in a fair and just manner, opposed (as a matter of conscience) resorting to war, experimented with enlightened principles in regard to crime and punishment, and fostered advanced ideas concerning the equality of the sexes and the enslavement of human beings. As a colonizing venture, the founding of Pennsylvania was a triumph for William Penn and those who joined with him in the undertaking. On the other hand, conditions which prevailed in Pennsylvania in the first decades caused Penn untold grief, and results fell far short of what he had envisaged when he wrote concerning the *Dr. Edwin B. Bronner of Temple University is author of Thomas Earle as a Reformer and "Quaker Landmarks in Early Philadelphia" (in Historic Philadelphia, published by the American Philosophical Society, 1953).
  • Pennsylvania History

    Pennsylvania History

    Pennsylvania History a journal of mid-a lan ic s udies Pvolume 79, numberH 1 · win er 2012 This issue is dedicated to the memory of Hilary Lloyd Yewlett. Articles Early Modern Migration from the Mid-Wales County of Radnorshire to Southeastern ennsylvania, with Special Reference to Three Meredith Families Hilary Lloyd Yewlett 1 “Your etitioners Are in Need”: leasant Hills as a Case Study in Borough Incorporation Richard L. Lind erg 33 Saving the Birthplace of the American Revolution, with Introductory Remarks by atrick Spero and Nathan Kozuskanich Karen Rams urg 49 review essAys Review of the National Museum of American Jewish History, hiladelphia De orah Waxman 65 Beyond the Furnace: Concrete, Conservation, and Community in ostindustrial ittsburgh Alan Dieterich-Ward 76 This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Wed, 14 Mar 2018 15:22:27 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms BOOK reviews Mark A ot Stern, David Franks: Colonial Merchant. Reviewed by Benjamin G. Scharff 83 Judith Ridner. A Town In-Between: Carlisle, ennsylvania, and the Early Mid-Atlantic Interior. Reviewed by Larry A. Skillin 86 Joe W. Trotter and Jared N. Day. Race and Renaissance: African Americans in ittsburgh since World War II. Reviewed by Gregory Wood 88 Scott Ga riel Knowles, ed. Imagining hiladelphia: Edmund Bacon and the Future of the City. Reviewed by Nicole Maurantonio 92 cOntriButOrs 95 AnnOuncements 97 index 99 This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Wed, 14 Mar 2018 15:22:27 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PAH 79.1_FM.indd 2 10/03/12 10:01 AM submission informa ion Pennsylvania History publishes documents previously unpublished and of interest to scholars of the Middle Atlantic region.
  • The ^Penn Collection

    The ^Penn Collection

    The ^Penn Collection A young man, William Penn fell heir to the papers of his distinguished father, Admiral Sir William Penn. This collec- A tion, the foundation of the family archives, Penn carefully preserved. To it he added records of his own, which, with the passage of time, constituted a large accumulation. Just before his second visit to his colony, Penn sought to put the most pertinent of his American papers in order. James Logan, his new secretary, and Mark Swanner, a clerk, assisted in the prepara- tion of an index entitled "An Alphabetical Catalogue of Pennsylvania Letters, Papers and Affairs, 1699." Opposite a letter and a number in this index was entered the identifying endorsement docketed on the original manuscript, and, to correspond with this entry, the letter and number in the index was added to the endorsement on the origi- nal document. When completed, the index filled a volume of about one hundred pages.1 Although this effort showed order and neatness, William Penn's papers were carelessly kept in the years that followed. The Penn family made a number of moves; Penn was incapacitated and died after a long illness; from time to time, business agents pawed through the collection. Very likely, many manuscripts were taken away for special purposes and never returned. During this period, the papers were in the custody of Penn's wife; after her death in 1726, they passed to her eldest son, John Penn, the principal proprietor of Pennsylvania. In Philadelphia, there was another collection of Penn deeds, real estate maps, political papers, and correspondence.
  • Geologic Cross Section C–C' Through the Appalachian Basin from Erie

    Geologic Cross Section C–C' Through the Appalachian Basin from Erie

    Geologic Cross Section C–C’ Through the Appalachian Basin From Erie County, North-Central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge Province, Bedford County, South-Central Pennsylvania By Robert T. Ryder, Michael H. Trippi, Christopher S. Swezey, Robert D. Crangle, Jr., Rebecca S. Hope, Elisabeth L. Rowan, and Erika E. Lentz Scientific Investigations Map 3172 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Ryder, R.T., Trippi, M.H., Swezey, C.S. Crangle, R.D., Jr., Hope, R.S., Rowan, E.L., and Lentz, E.E., 2012, Geologic cross section C–C’ through the Appalachian basin from Erie County, north-central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge province, Bedford County, south-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3172, 2 sheets, 70-p.