IOn the Events in J by An Zhiguo [llllhe situation in .Beijing in the with the top secrets of the Party pie and bad elements were mixed I IJ past two months kept develop- and state. Those who committed together, some students and onlook- I| hag from campus upheaval to the atrocities of beating, smashing, ers were accidentally injured. This turmoil and finally to a counter- grabbing and burning are mainly is something which nobody wants to revolutionary revolt; disturbances unreformed elements released after see. Senior officials have indicated of varying degrees also occurred in serving a sentence, a horde of polit- that the government, the martial some other cities. After the Chinese ical rascals, the remnants and evil law enforcement troops and the vic- government took drastic measures, elements of the "gang of four" and tims' families cherish the same feel- the revolt was quickly put down, the dross and dregs of society. ings and that they will work hard to social order was restored and the Taking advantage of students' pa- deal with the aftermath of the inci- political situation is now stable. triotic feelings, and certain short- dent. Some people who are not clear comings and mistakes in govern- The outbreak of this incident re- about the nature of this incident ment work, this handful of people quires soul-searching, prompting a have said that it was merely stu- with evil motives stirred up trouble. sober-minded consideration of the dents demanding democracy and The main difficulty in handling past as well as the future. opposing corruption and therefore this event was that a handful of bad Does the turmoil indicate that PLA troops should not have been elements mixed themselves in with there is something wrong with th~ sent to supress it. a multitude of young students and Party's line, principles and policies? The two articles "Why Impose onlookers. For a time the alignment The answer is no. Martial Law in Beijing?" and "What was not clear. The government had At its 13th National Congress the Has Happened in Beijing?" give shown great restraint. It was only Party's line was summed up as "one concrete facts to show the cause and under circumstances when serious centre (that is, economic construc- effect of the incident. They may disturbances had occurred which tion) and two basic points (One bas- help people understand the truth disrupted social stability and peo- ic point is to persist in the four of the matter. As , ple's normal life and social order cardinal principles, that is, adher- chairman of the Central Military that the government declared mar- ence to the leadership of the Com- Commission, said in his meeting tial law in some parts of Beijing. munist Party, to the socialist road, with army commanders and higher This was done in accordance with to the people's democratic dictator- officers of the PLA martial law en- the Constitution. Again, it was only ship and to Marxism-Leninism and forcement troops on June 9: The after the rioters stormed Zhongnan- Thought; and the oth- disturbance would have come soon- hal--the seat of the Party Central er is to persist in economic reform er or later. It was determined by the Committee and the State Council and opening up to the outside macro international climate and by --the , the world)." Is there anything wrong 's own micro climate. Its com- Ministry of Public Security, the with this line? The answer is in the ing was inevitable and independent central radio and television stations negative. If it can be said that there of man's will. This became clear as and when they beat officers and is something wrong in connection soon as the incident broke out. They men of the martial law enforcement with this line, it is a lack of contin- (referring to the creators of the in- troops and grabbed their weapons uing adherence to the four cardinal cident--Ed.) raised two basic slo- that the troops were ordered to quell principles and a lack of consistent gans: one was to overthrow the the revolt. In the process, many effort to educate the people, the stu- Communist Party, and the other PLA officers and men were injured dents, all the cadres and Communist was to topple the socialist system. and quite a few others died. Why Party members in the four cardinal Their aim was to establish a com- should this have happened? Because principles. pletely Westernized bourgeois re- evil elements mixed themselves in Plain living and hard struggle is public. with the people, the troops did. not one of the Chinese people's fine The plotters and organizers of the want to cause accidental injury to traditions. In recent years when counter-revolutionary rebellion are the public and they found it hard to there has been a slight improvement mainly a handful of people who resort to drastic measures. It is dis- in living standards, there has ap- have for a long time obstinately ad- tressing that some officers and men peared a deliberate advocacy of vocated bourgeois liberalization, op- died. But after making an objective high consumption, resulting in wi- posed Party leadership and so- analysis of the incident, people can- despread waste in all fields. This has cialism and harboured political not but admit that the PLA is the been made worse by the deficient schemes, who have collaborated people's own army. In the course of political and ideological work, lack with hostile overseas forces and who putting down the revolt, and under of a complete legal system and have provided illegal organizations circumstances when innocent peo- abuse of power and corruption. Giv-

4 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 BroEherand sist:er, Suol~mgZhuoma Cle~, Fro.e) ~ N;m.c;,.nC~#~) are now ~:)urEhgrac~e pupils.

®ongiue ClePc~)is an 80-year-old Tibeean who has lose his sight: in both eyes. He has spent: 30 years in Ehe Welfare Home. He once was a ~reet performer in the old socieb/.

A Welfare Home in Lhasa More than 40 orphans and senior citizens live a happy I~ thanks to the great concern shown by the government in providing the Well:are Home for them in I.har,a. The old paople, o1: the home were street or ~ in the pre--lil~raeion socie- b/. Now, tJ~ey along wi~ ~ orphans have t~,;r living expenses provided for by the government:. The We~Care Home, buill: in 1959, gives sheller to the old people in tJ~eir remaining years, wh~ ,allowing I:he children bo keep tJ~elr minds on b~eir homework.

~ ,t

!

A symbol oF luck, "Qiema," is prese~cKI ko 7A-year-old wang Qunpe; Ccentre), a r~;- den'c ~c I:he home, by some s~C members during a Tibe- tan calendar's New Year visit. BEIJING REVIEW VOL. 32, NO. 26 JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989

What Has Happened in Beijing?

[] An initial victory has been won in putting down the counter- revolutionary revolt that broke out in Beijing on June 3 and 4. CONTENTS Since turnouts are spreading far and wide, and people are not quite clear about 'the matter, there is a need to explain the truth of this incident. This article gives details about why the PLA martial law enforcement troops entered the city, how they were intercepted NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 and attacked by rioters during their advance, and how they were finally forced to counter-attack (p. 11). On the Events in Beijing

EVENTS/TRENDS 5-8 Why Martial Law in Parts of Beijing? [] Chinese Premier Li Peng signed the State Council decree which Premier Li Outlines Current declared martial law in parts of Beijing on May 20. In discussing Tasks the need for the imposition of martial law, Shi Wei reviews the Turmoil Won't Close Open Door political situation in the city and explains why the State Council Order Recovered in Major Cities made the decision (p. 16). 400 Arrests Follow Riots

INTERNATIONAL 9-10 Li Peng Outlines Current Tasks [] At a meeting of Party and government department leaders to VOA Disgraces Itself study Deng Xiaoping's recent speech to army commanders of the News in Brief martial law enforcement troops, Li Peng called upon leaders to unify people's thinking on the basis of Deng's speech. He also CHINA outlined six current tasks facing the Party and the nation (p. 5).

What Has Happened in Beijing? 1 ! Order Has Come Back to Many Cities Why Impose Martial Law in Beijing 16 [] China's railway system has been restored to normal by June 9 and social order in many major cities across the country has also Subject Index (Nos. 1-26, 1989) been recovered after a spate of turmoil that began in late May. Many colleges in , Beijing and have resumed Centrefold classes (p. 7).

CULTURE/SCIENCE 22-24 MOFERT Minister on China's Open Policy

COVER: A martial law enforcement sol- o China's MOFERT Minister Zheng Tuobin reiterated that open- dier on duty at Tiananmen Square. ing to the outside world is China's consistent policy and that it will by Duan Jiwen remain unchanged despite the recent turmoil and riot in Beijing. lie said that China will continue to develop economic and trade relations with foreign countries (p. 6).

Unless written by -Beijing Review staff, the opinions expressed in signed articles do not necessarily reflect the view of the Beijing Review editorial board. Director/Editor-in-Chief: Wang Youfen Published every Monday by Subscription rates (1 year): Tel: 893363 BEIJING REVIEW Australia ...... A.$29.00 TLX: 222374 FLPDA CN 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037 New Zealand ...... NZ.$39.00 FAX: 8314318 The People's Republic of China | UK ...... £14.50 General Editorial Office Tel: 8314318 Distributed by China International BookI USA ...... US$29.00 English Dept Tel: 8315599 Ext. 546 Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN)| ...... Can.$25.00 P.O. Box 399, Boij ng, China / IOn the Events in Beijing J by An Zhiguo [llllhe situation in .Beijing in the with the top secrets of the Party pie and bad elements were mixed I IJ past two months kept develop- and state. Those who committed together, some students and onlook- I| hag from campus upheaval to the atrocities of beating, smashing, ers were accidentally injured. This turmoil and finally to a counter- grabbing and burning are mainly is something which nobody wants to revolutionary revolt; disturbances unreformed elements released after see. Senior officials have indicated of varying degrees also occurred in serving a sentence, a horde of polit- that the government, the martial some other cities. After the Chinese ical rascals, the remnants and evil law enforcement troops and the vic- government took drastic measures, elements of the "gang of four" and tims' families cherish the same feel- the revolt was quickly put down, the dross and dregs of society. ings and that they will work hard to social order was restored and the Taking advantage of students' pa- deal with the aftermath of the inci- political situation is now stable. triotic feelings, and certain short- dent. Some people who are not clear comings and mistakes in govern- The outbreak of this incident re- about the nature of this incident ment work, this handful of people quires soul-searching, prompting a have said that it was merely stu- with evil motives stirred up trouble. sober-minded consideration of the dents demanding democracy and The main difficulty in handling past as well as the future. opposing corruption and therefore this event was that a handful of bad Does the turmoil indicate that PLA troops should not have been elements mixed themselves in with there is something wrong with th~ sent to supress it. a multitude of young students and Party's line, principles and policies? The two articles "Why Impose onlookers. For a time the alignment The answer is no. Martial Law in Beijing?" and "What was not clear. The government had At its 13th National Congress the Has Happened in Beijing?" give shown great restraint. It was only Party's line was summed up as "one concrete facts to show the cause and under circumstances when serious centre (that is, economic construc- effect of the incident. They may disturbances had occurred which tion) and two basic points (One bas- help people understand the truth disrupted social stability and peo- ic point is to persist in the four of the matter. As Deng Xiaoping, ple's normal life and social order cardinal principles, that is, adher- chairman of the Central Military that the government declared mar- ence to the leadership of the Com- Commission, said in his meeting tial law in some parts of Beijing. munist Party, to the socialist road, with army commanders and higher This was done in accordance with to the people's democratic dictator- officers of the PLA martial law en- the Constitution. Again, it was only ship and to Marxism-Leninism and forcement troops on June 9: The after the rioters stormed Zhongnan- Mao Zedong Thought; and the oth- disturbance would have come soon- hal--the seat of the Party Central er is to persist in economic reform er or later. It was determined by the Committee and the State Council and opening up to the outside macro international climate and by --the Great Hall of the People, the world)." Is there anything wrong China's own micro climate. Its com- Ministry of Public Security, the with this line? The answer is in the ing was inevitable and independent central radio and television stations negative. If it can be said that there of man's will. This became clear as and when they beat officers and is something wrong in connection soon as the incident broke out. They men of the martial law enforcement with this line, it is a lack of contin- (referring to the creators of the in- troops and grabbed their weapons uing adherence to the four cardinal cident--Ed.) raised two basic slo- that the troops were ordered to quell principles and a lack of consistent gans: one was to overthrow the the revolt. In the process, many effort to educate the people, the stu- Communist Party, and the other PLA officers and men were injured dents, all the cadres and Communist was to topple the socialist system. and quite a few others died. Why Party members in the four cardinal Their aim was to establish a com- should this have happened? Because principles. pletely Westernized bourgeois re- evil elements mixed themselves in Plain living and hard struggle is public. with the people, the troops did. not one of the Chinese people's fine The plotters and organizers of the want to cause accidental injury to traditions. In recent years when counter-revolutionary rebellion are the public and they found it hard to there has been a slight improvement mainly a handful of people who resort to drastic measures. It is dis- in living standards, there has ap- have for a long time obstinately ad- tressing that some officers and men peared a deliberate advocacy of vocated bourgeois liberalization, op- died. But after making an objective high consumption, resulting in wi- posed Party leadership and so- analysis of the incident, people can- despread waste in all fields. This has cialism and harboured political not but admit that the PLA is the been made worse by the deficient schemes, who have collaborated people's own army. In the course of political and ideological work, lack with hostile overseas forces and who putting down the revolt, and under of a complete legal system and have provided illegal organizations circumstances when innocent peo- abuse of power and corruption. Giv-

4 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 -'VENTS/TRENDS~

en this, it is necessary in the future to pay close attention to education in plain living and hard struggle. Is there anything wrong with the "basic point " of economic reform and opening up to the outside world? The answer is no. Without economic reforms and opening up, China would not have been what it is today. In the last decade, the Chinese people's livelihood has been much improved despite inflation and other problems, nobody can deny the achievements gained through economic reform and open- ing up. Of course, the practice of economic reform and opening up has also let in some bad things from the West. To this, the Party leader- ship has always kept alert. As far back as when China began econo- mic reforms and opening up to the Li Peng addressing the June 13 meeting of Party and government leaders. outside world, the Party focused its QI TIEYAN work on the following two things: economic reform and opening up while cracking down on economic crimes, including the strengthening Premier Li Outlines of political and ideological work. A review of the past decade reveals Current Tasks that there has been a lax in the latter, and further efforts should be hinese Premier Li Peng re: is of Deng's speech" which he said made to remedy it. cently called for efforts to has made a profound analysis of In reforming the economic struc- c unify people's thinking on the cause and nature of the ture, it is necessary to continue to the basis of a speech made by Deng counter-revolutionary rebellion combine the planned economy with Xiaoping to army commanders of and the correctness of the mea- a market economy. The reform of the martial law enforcement troops sures the government adopted. the political structure should be on June 9 (see p.4 in our last issue). "To oppose the counter- continued, and the system of peo- Li made the call at the meeting revolutionary rebellion is a strug- ple's congresses should be upheld of Party and government depart- gle involving the fate of the Party and improved gradually. ment leaders, held jointly by the and the state," Li said, pointing out All in all, China will, as always, Communist Party of China (CPC) that Beijing was gripped by an- unswervingly carry on all the prin- Central Committee and the State archism in mid-May, which spread ciples and policies that have been Council on June 13. to some other large cities. If the laid down since the Third Plenary "The Party Central Committee martial law has not been imposed Session of the 1 lth Party Central and the State Council call on lead- on parts of the capital, "the Committee held towards the end of ers of the Party and government counter-revolutionary rebellion 1978, and conscientiously sum up departments to take the lead and which was very likely to spread to experiences so as to persist in the organize Party members and other the whole country would not be right and correct the wrong. Just as employees to conscientiously stu- able to be quelled." Deng Xiaoping said when he recent- dy Comrade Deng Xiaoping's Li praised the role played by the ly met army commanders and high- speech," said the Chinese premier martial law enforcement troops in er officers of the martial law en- during the meeting he himself winning initial vitory over the re- forcement troops in Beijing, the cur- presided over when Qiao Shi, bellion. rent counter-revolutionary revolt as member of the Standing Commit- a bad thing may enable us to carry tee of the CPC Central Commit- PresentTasks on our economic reform and open- tee's Political Bureau, had read ing up with steadier, better and Deng's speech. "At present, our task is to restore faster steps, to correct our errors Li said that the purpose is to order and strike relentless blows at more quickly and carry forward our "clear up the confused ideas and the counter-revolutionary rebels," strong points more surely. [] unify people's thinking on the bas- Li said. "The Party and govern-

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 5 -VENTS/TRENDS|

ment departments should continue rebellion." long-term view and avoid doing to strive to implement the tasks set Li hoped that the news media anything to hurt the feelings of the for this year." will quickly take the stand of the Chinese people at this time," he At. the present moment, Li said Party and the people and double added. efforts must be made to do a good their efforts to propagate the prin- [] Continuing to abide by the Par- job in the following fields: ciple of the Party Central Com- ty's line, principle and policies [] Continuing to stabilize the com- mittee, expose the crimes of the adopted since the Third Plenary modity price. Thanks to the effort counter-revolutionary rebels and Session of the l lth Party Central Committee in 1978, namely, focus- made in this regard, Li said, com- inspire people to win the final vic- ing all efforts on economic con- modity price increases after Fe- tory. [] Continuing to follow the inde- struction and adhering to the four bruary were about the same with cardinal principles (Communist pendent foreign policy of peace the corresponding period of last Party leadership, socialist road, year, and that of May dropped and the policy of opening to the people's democratic dictatorship somewhat. Li called for further ef- outside world. Talking about the and Marxism-Leninism, Mao Ze- forts to stabilize the commodity anti-China wave stirred up by a dongThought) and the reform and price. few countries, Li said that the opening to the outside world. [] Striving to have a bumper har- Chinese people will not yield to Li said that China will do so vest in agriculture this year. The outside pressure in connection because she has learnt from total summer crop yields may with the rebellion. the counter-revolutionary rebel- reach or surpass the historical re- "We hope that all countries that lion that "we have relaxed efforts cord of 1986, Li said. "Various de- wish to keep and develop friendly in ideological and political work partments and governments at var- relations with China will take a for a considerably long time." [] ious levels should do a good job of harvesting and purchasing sum- mer grains and oils." Turmoil Won't Close Open Door [] Continuing to reduce investment A senior Chinese official pledged ties." in capital construction and strictly on June 15 to continue the Commenting on overseas reac- control consumption funds. In the country's open policy, calling tions, Zheng said that "governments first five months of this year, Li for expansion of business ties with of the developing countries and most said, there was no slump in prod- the outside world and stable growth socialist countries have shown un- uction in the whole nation but the in exports. derstanding in our crackdown on the irrational structure in production Zheng Tuobin, minister of Foreign riots and a willingness to continue saw no impressive improvement. Economic Relations and Trade, told business with China, while the ma- Li called for greater effort to im- a meeting of trade officials in Bei- jority of developed countries are re- prove the production structure, jing that "the turmoil and counter- luctant to have their business rela- with funds thrown mainly into revolutionary rebellion over the past tions with China adversely affected. communications and the produc- two months have done serious pol- "After the counter-revolutionary tion of energy, raw materials and itical and economic damage to the rebellion in the Chinese capital was products in demand. country." quelled," he noted, "some govern- After the struggle against the The counter-revolutionary rebel- ments and a few foreign politicians counter-revolutionary rebellion, Li lion has brought difficulties to Chi- tried to exert pressure on China and said "down-to-earth measures will na's foreign economic relations and rudely interfered in its internal af- be taken to overcome our short- trade, he said, since international fairs by means such as halting loans comings and mistakes in work" misunderstanding has damaged the and aid to China and suspending and wipe out corruption and country's improved international re- technology transfers." bureaucracy. lations and domestic environment. Zheng accused them of being [] Better role of mass media in However, he added that domestic "short-sighted" and of "basing their winning the final victory in crush- order has returned to normal and actions on rumours rather than various economic and reform poli- facts." ing the rebellion. Having expressed cies are now under way, bringing "The Chinese peo.ple will not yield satisfaction over the work of jour- about better conditions for China's under such pressures and no foreign nalists in the capital, especially the foreign trade and business. country is allowed to meddle in Chi- work of several newspapers and ra- "During the turmoil," he said, na's internal affairs," he stressed. dio and TV stations, Li pointed out "many foreign governments and in- He reminded these governments that "some mass media, misled by ternational organizations showed a and politicians of the foreign econo- the erroneous instructions on jour- firm belief in China's open policy by mic sanctions and the "anti-China nalist work of a few comrades in encouraging their businesses to con- cantata" of the 1950s which ended in the Party Central Committee, had tinue operating in China, and some failure. By doing this, he said, they made misleading reports on the foreign enterprises along with their were not only condemned morally struggle against the turmoil and staff remain here despite difficul- by the international community, but

6 BEIJING REVIEW,JUNE 26-JULY2, 1989 --VENTS/TRENDS|

they also harmed their own econo- construction work for the Beijing- jiang provinces now busy handling mic interests. Mastsushita Colour CRT Co. Ltd, a imports and exports. The minister urged them to "show major Sino-Japanese joint venture in The China Chamber for Interna- a respect for reality by taking a long- Beijing. tional Commerce (CCIC) and the term perspective and making a re- The firm was built in September China Council for the Promotion of turn to mutually beneficial co- 1987 with an investment of 494 mil- International Trade (CCPIT) issued operation with China." lion yuan. It went into trial produc- a statement on June 12 pledging to Zheng pledged that China still tion early this month with an annual further develop Sino-foreign econo- wishes to expand its trade and busi- production of 1.8 million colour TV mic exchanges. ness ties with other countries and picture tubes. The statement said that the honour all signed contracts and pro- More than 85 percent of its work- Chinese government had stressed jects on its part. ers kept to their posts during the time and again that the country's However, he stressed, "we will turmoil, and no Japanese workers on open door policy will not be changed stand firmly to our principles and the projects left the country. Instead, and will firmly be continued and car- make necessary struggles if foreign more came to work at the plant ried out. partners use the crackdown on riots which will start operation in July, As organizations for foreign eco- as an excuse to cancel, suspend or two months ahead of schedule. nomic relations and trade, the CCIC postpone their obligations and try to The country's transport system has and the CCPIT will continue to work interfere in China's internal affairs." also returned to normal, Zheng ad- hard to strengthen and expand Sino- At a press conference for the na- ded, with the major ports of Shang- fpreign trade exchanges and econo- tional news media, Zheng expressed hai, Dalian, , Guangzhou and mic and technological co-operation. Qingdao, as well as Jiangsu and Zhe- [] his confidence that there would be a quick return of foreign business as national order is restored. Order Recovered in Major Cities He said many representatives and managers of foreign-funded firms he railway transport system the main Beijing-Guangzhou trunk who left China during the social un- T throughout China now has re- line that was cut for 135 hours and rest in Beijing early this month are turned to normal thanks to the a 63-hour shutdown of the Beijing- now returning. concerted efforts of railway workers, Shanghai line, said the official. "I expect that all businessmen will local governments, armed police and About 331 passenger trains were be back very soon since security is the army, said an official from the forced to stop between June 4-9 be- now no problem for them," Zheng Railways Ministry. cause of disrupted train schedules. said. All the railway lines that had once But, all international and domestic He reiterated that attracting for- been disrupted were reopened to state airlines have been operating on eign investment is one of the basic traffic by June 9. schedule at Beijing's capital airport policies of China. To meet this end, On.June 10, Zou Jiahua, a council- since June 7. his ministry would continue to devel- lor of the State Council, sent a mes- An airport official said that 30 in- op economic and trade relations sage to greet all the staff members ternational airlines, two regional air- with foreign countries and hope for and workers under the Ministry of lines and 38 domestic airlines oper- further co-operation with. foreigners. Railways for their great success in ated by the China International But he admitted that for almost a the complete restoration of railway Aviation Corporation have never month some foreign-backed firms in traffic across the country. shifted from their original schedules. China had been affected because In early June railway transport More than 150 airliners depart or transport was blocked by "sabotage was seriously affected as a result of a arrive daily at Beijing's Shoudu Air- from ruffians." very small number of trouble makers port. Now most of these firms have re- who destroyed railway facilities, in- An official did admit, however, sumed regular activity after the gov- tercepted trains and blocked railway that some planes failed to depart on ernment adopted a series of pre- traffic in many major cities. schedule because of passengers being ferential measures to help supply In Shanghai, nearly 100 armed delayed by poor bus and taxi service electricity and raw materials, the police and firemen were injured on during the days of turmoil in the minister said. June 6 by a mob when they tried to capital between June 4-9. China now has approved approxi- put out a fire on a passenger train In Shanghai, China's largest city, mately 18,000 foreign-backed busi- which was attacked and set ablaze by social order has also returned to nor- nesses with contractual investments the rioters near the Shanghai Rail- mal after a short period of unrest exceeding US$30 billion from more way Station. that climaxed after June 3 when the than 40 countries and regions. The incident caused a temporary counter-revolutionary riot broke out Trade ministry figures show that suspension of railway traffic from in Beijing. in the first four months of this year, Shanghai to and from All the city's 130 highways have the country approved 2,001 such Shanghai to Nanjing. been reopened to traffic since June firms with total investment pledges From June 4 to 8, a total of 49 10 and taxis can be seen day and of US$2.45 billion. railway lines were put out of action night everywhere in the city. On June 12, the minister inspected for nearly 350 hours, which included Since June 10, average daily veget-

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 7 EVENTS/TRENDS| able consumption has reached the nounced on June 14 that overseas and with an arrest record, joined same level as in the pre-turmoil days friends may come on normal visits to with others to hang Cui's body from and the sales volume of department China. the same bridge. stores now match those of the same The annoucement said that Bei- The Beijing Public Security period last year. jing's Palace Museum (Forbidden Bureau issued a search warrant June Bars, cinemas, coffee shops and City) was reopened June 13 after a 13 for 21 leaders and those who three-week closure due to the tur- dance halls are all back in business. formed the backbone of Beijing's moil. All the enterprises in Shanghai CSAF. These students include Wang have been restored to normal prod- It assures would-be visitors that both international and domestic Dan, a history student at Beijing uction with the Municipal Economic University, Wuer Kaixi, of Uygur Committee urging that they make an flights, railway transportation, mail nationality and a freshman educa- even greater effort to strive to recov- and telecommunications are back to tional science student at Beijing Nor- er their losses by the end of this normal and that all large hotels, res- month. taurants and shops are also operating mal University and Chai Ling, a normally. The 238 overseas-funded enter- female psychology graduate student The martial law in force in Bei- of Beijing Normal University. Two prises which had been in operation jing will not necessarily affect visits, before the period of turmoil are all of the 21 leaders on the wanted list tours or the nightlife of tourists, and are female. running smoothly. The total output their safety is guaranteed, the NTA One of the wanted students, Zhou value of these enterprises has even announcement said. achieved a slight increase over the According to a Xinhua report, 24 Fengsuo, a physics student at Qingh- same period last year. out of 38 universities and colleges in ua University, was narked on by his As communications and' order Shanghai have resumed classes. 18 eider sister and was later captured at have returned to normal in many municipal colleges in Beijing and all his brother's family in Xian. Xiong other major cities including Beijing, the 13 universities and colleges in Yah, a postgraduate of the Law De- Xian, Guangzhou, Guilin, Hang- Nanchang City, Province, partment of Beijing University, was zhou and Nanjing, the National have even resumed classes since June also caught on June 14 in Fengzhen Tourism Administration (NTA) an- 14. [] County, Inner Mongolia. Over the past few days, some of the main leaders and backbone mem- 400 Arrests Follow Riots bers of illegal organizations surren- olice and martial law troops ar- a military belt from the ground to dered themselves to local judicial de- rested 400 people by June 10 whip soldiers. The accused was seen partments scattered throughout the p who were charged with having to have dragged one soldier away country. Various illegal organiza- committed counter-revolutionary from others and, with the help of a tions, such as the China Minzheng crimes. group of thugs, beat the soldier. The Party in Dalian, Liaoning Province, Some of those arrested were ac- soldier, who required 50 stitches for and the students' autonomous fed- cused of such criminal activities as his head wounds, is still hospitalized erations in many cities, have been assault, rioting, robbery, arson and in critical condition. banned. murder. Others were accused of Lu Zhongshu, who cycled from June 17, eight criminals who took being leading members of outlawed Hebei Province to Beijing to take part in the counter-revolutionary organizations such as the "Beijing part in the riot, is another under riots in Beijing were sentenced to College Students' Autonomous Fed- arrest. On the evening of June 4, he death. The sentence was meted¢out eration" (CSAF) and the "Beijing stole a drum of petrol from a mili- by the Beijing Intermediate People's Workers' Autonomous Federation" tary vehicle ~o help set ablaze several Court. They were found guilty of (WAF), which had instigated and military trucks and other vehicles. burning army vehicles, assaulting planned the counter-revolutionary According to a June 15 Xinhua soldiers and officers and looting mil- riot. report, some Of the thugs who killed itary supplies. Many of those arrested have par- Cui Guozheng, a soldier enforcing In a related incident, soldiers ticipated in damaging and burning matial law, have been caught. guarding the overpass in military vehicles and public buses, The report said that Zhao Yue- looting military materials, trying to tang, a farmer from Hubei, poured west Beijing drew fire .from a lorry break into government offices and petrol onto Cui's body at the Chong- after they tried to stop and check it beating soldiers who attempted to en- wenmen pedestrian bridge June 4 on June 17. The driver ignored the force martial law. along with a group of ruffians who soldiers' signal and sped away as two Guo Haifeng, member of the were doing the same. Zhao then men on the truck fired on the sol- standing committee and secretary ge- scratched the match that set the sol- diers, injuring one of them in the neral of Beijing's CSAF, was arrested dier's body ablaze. head and thigh. by soldiers when he and a group of Yang Shizeng, previously a work- The two gunmen jumped from the ruffians were preparing to set fire to er at the Chongwen Hospital, threw truck and fled when the troops re- an armed troop carrier. Cui's body down from the pedestrain turned fire. The driver and another One of those arrested; Ban Huijie, bridge. suspect in the truck were detained on the evening of June 3, picked up Li Weidong, who is unemployed when the truck was later stopped. []

8 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JIJLY 2, 1989 INTERNATIONAL| VOA Disgraces Itself

The following is a commentary by "Beijing Daily," the official organ of the Beijing Municipal Communist Party Committee, on June 12.--Ed.

ince mid-April, the Voice of visit to Beijing, but that the the total population in Beijing is America (VOA) has shown Chinese government rejected this 10 million including 3 million s unusual enthusiasm for arrangement. This is a pure inven- farmers and several million elder- the turmoil and counter- tion. The Chinese Foreign Minis- ly people and children, and it was revolutionary rebellion that oc- try confirmed that there was no impossible for all of them to take curred in Bei~ing, China's capital. such arrangement at all on the part in demonstrations on Tianan- It allocated more than 10 hours agenda for Gorbachev's visit men Square. every day in three programmes to which was agreed upon by both On June 3 the turmoil in Bei- cover these events. Unfortunate- the Chinese and Soviet sides. jing developed into a shock- ly, its reports do not hold water. Although the State Council de- ing counter-revolutionary rebel- Aside from its instigations, at- clared martial law in some regions lion and the VOA could hardly tacks and slanders, fabrication of of Beijing on May 20, most of the disguise its joy and gave many rumours by VOA has reached a PLA martial law enforcement reports on the event. When surprising peak in its career. For troops were still stationed in Chinese martial law enforcement an official media organ that has the suburbs. However, the VOA troops put down the rebellion, long claimed objectivity, fairness broadcast in its programme that the VOA again spread many ru- and strict observance of journalis- day a rumour that Chinese troops mours. It reported on June 5 that tic ethics in news reporting, such in armoured vehicles had block- the Chinese troops' bloody slaugh- acts are really a disgrace. aded Tiananmen Square. The ter caused thousands of deaths At the beginning of the student clumsy tactics of the VOA in and that at least 1,400 people were movement on April 18 and 19, spreading "such ~ groundless ru- believed dead in the massacre per- at the instigation of an extremely mour are unworthy. petrated on Tiananmen Square small number of people, some stu- In the recent period, the VOA by the People's Liberation Army. dents tried to break into Xinhua- has had a hankering to report What was really true ? The com- men, the gate of about trends in China's leader- ments of many eyewitnesses on where the Party Central Commit- ship, especially in the leadership Tiananmen Square and video tee and the State Council are si- of our troops. On May 23, it quot- tapes that have been broadcast tuated. In the early morning of ed Liu Binyan as saying that more •have laid bare this lie. There was April 20, after most students than 100 army generals and offi- no "massacre" of the sit-in stu- had left the gate, security police cers jointly opposed the wrong de- dents on the square, and no one forced the few that refused to cision (to impose martial law) and died there. As for the death toll leave on to a bus and sent them many provinces, armies and divi- of army men and civilians during to Beijing University. During the sions had clearly shown that they the advance of the troops into whole process, not a single student did not recognize the Li Peng ad- the city, State Council spokes- was detained. ministration. man Yuan Mu had put it clearly The VOA, however, reported It is an absurd rumour. As a at a press conference. The VOA's that day that public security per- matter of fact all provinces, mun- exaggeration has its ulterior mo- sonnel arrested about 200-300 stu- icipalities and military area com- tives. dents who were staging a sit-in in mands had sent telegrams to the In recent days the counter- front of the Xinhuamen gate, and Party Central Committee and the revolutionary rebellion has been later it said that 300 people had State Council to express their sup- put down, the army and civilians been detained. port for the central authorities' have united as one and the army Some people in China respond- decision. itself is unified in their efforts to ed immediat,ely by fabricating the On the same day the VOA also restore normality to the capital. so-called "April 20 Tragedy," es- quoted Liu Binyan as saying that They have achieved a good result. calating the students' movement. he believed the number of people Depressed, the VOA fabricated On May 12, the VOA reported taking part in demonstrations at rumours on the Chinese army. On that Soviet leader Mikhail Gor- Tiananmen Square exceeded 10 June 6 it spread a rumour that bachev had shown interest in million. there were "power struggles" speaking to Beijing University This report must be from ignor- among troops loyal to different students during his forthcoming ance or for ulterior motives since factions and that a civil war might

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 9 INTERNATIONAL| break out in Beijing. On June7 lies. not students but wanderers and it again spread the rumour that On June 9 Deng Xlaoping and pilferers from outside Beijing who there had been an exchange of fire other Chinese leaders met army were committing crimes in Bei- in western Beijing between mar- commanders of the martial law jing University. According to stu- tial law enforcement troops and enforcement troops. This fact dents' reports, the security section other troops who have not been proved that the Central Commit- of the university handed these bad authorized to suppress the demon- tee of the Chinese Communist elements over to the public secur- strators. On June 8 it further said Party is united and the army is ity department. that Chinese troops had earlier unified. The rumours fabricated by the taken up advantageous positions Now the VOA has again started VOA are too many, its perform- in the city, ready to fight opposing up its propaganda machine and ance is too exaggerated and its troops. tried to create terror among stu- efforts to fuel the flame of the All these tall stories might de- dents. It reported on June 9 that a counter-revolutionar~ rebellion in ceive those who did not under- curfew had been imposed on Beijing are more than enough. stand the real situation in Beijing campuses starting from Thursday Now that order is returning to or provide demagogic material for night and that policemen had tak- Beijing and people are calming those inside and outside China en away 12 students from Beijing down, the VOA should take a rest. who desired to stir up trouble. Ev- University~ In fact, up to now the However, since it lives on spread- ery Beijing citizen who has seen martial law enforcement troops ing rumours, we will wait and lis- the real situation can prove that have not declared a curfew any- ten for what new lies the VOA the VOA's reports are entirely where and those taken away were will fabricate. []

impose its intention on others." and China, according to the News in Brief No matter what may happen in Post. China, it is not the business of the No matter what happens at home, , Pyongyang & Sofia On US, the paper said, adding "it is none China will not change its promise of Beijing Affairs other than the US where human not interfering in 's domes- rights are totally traml~led under- tic affairsl the minister said. Democratic 's People's foot." The US is not entitled to med- Meanwhile the paper quoted the Chamber, or parliament, passed a dle in other's affairs and it must stop Indonesian foreign minister as say- statement June 8 on China's current doing so at once, said the paper. ing that another round of talks be- situation, saying that recent events in Bulgaria also gave its support on tween the two nation's representa- Beijing are purely a Chinese internal June 13 to China's recent crackdown tives to the UN will soon be held, affair. on counter-revolutionary riot in Bei- The statement said that the jing, and expressed opposition to and that the foreign ministers of Chinese Communist Party and state foreign interference in China's inter- both countries will also hold talks leadership, having failed to solve in- nal affairs. during the upcoming UN assembly ternal problems in political ways be- Bulgarian Foreign Minister Peter this September. cause of the bloody rebellion by anti- Mladenov made the statement while 's First Deputy Prime constitutional elements, had to use meeting with Chinese Ambassador Minister and Minister of Defence armed forces to reestablish order and Li Fenglin. Gob Chok Tong said on June 14 that security. Mladenov said both the Bulgarian the establishment of diplomatic ties It also said that the People's leaders and people showed concern between Singapore and China will be Chamber opposed any foreign inter- for the recent events in China. He carried out as planned. He made the ference in China's internal affairs. expressed his satisfaction that the remarks while visiting Japan. [] On June 11, a commentary in a riot had been suppressed, and that Pyongyang-based official newspaper life in Beijing was returning to nor- US Journalists Expelled accused the of its in- mal. He also said that foreign inter- tention to impose "sanctions" against ference in China's domestic affairs Beijing, describing it as "interference John Edvin Pomfret of the Asso- would hamper stability in that coun- ciated Press and Alan W. Pessin of in China's internal affairs." try. [] The Bush administration said re- the Voice of America have been or- cently that what happened in Beijing Indonesia & Singapore: dered to leave China within 72 hours in the past few weeks was a "viola- Normalization With China will for having conducted "activities in- tion of human rights." Go Ahead compatible with their status as jour- Rodong Sinmun, organ of the rul- nalists" and for "violating Chinese ing Workers' Party of Korea, said A minister of Indonesia said on laws and regulations during the per- that Washington's accusation is "un- June 12 that China's current situa- iod when martial law was declared in disguised interference in the internal tion would not affect the process of part of Beijing," according to local affairs of China and an attempt to normalization between his country authorities on June 14. []

10 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 CHINA I

What Has Happened in Beijing?

by Shi Wei

counter-revolutionary re- achieve the aim of "overthrowing "hunger strike" by four persons A volt broke out in Beijing on the present regime and establish- for 48-72 hours. June 3 and 4 after turmoil ing a new one." They distributed leaflets in- lasting a month. The martial law They actively organized forces, citing a counter-revolutionary enforcement troops from the Peo- gathered together hooligans, and armed revolt, clamouring that ple's Liberation Army (PLA), scraped together those cherishing they would organize "an armed armed police and public security inveterate hatred for the Com- force" and "unite with various men and officers, through their munist Party and the socialist sys- forces including the Kuomintang valiant struggle and relying on the tem to rig up a "flying tiger in ," and that they would co-ordination and support of the corps," an "army of volunteers," "take a clear-cut stand against the people, have won an initial victo- and a "dare-to-die corps." They Communist Party and its govern- ry in putting down the revolt. At threatened that they would place ment"and "would not hesitate to present, various rumours are cir- Party and state leaders under die." culating both at home and abroad "house arrest" and "storm the Bas- All this shows that the turmoil and many people are not clear tille" to seize political power. created by a handful of rebels in about the truth. Therefore, there They used funds and materials a planned and premeditated way is a need to explain the truth provide~[ partly by overseas reac- was by no means tending to sub- about this counter-revolutionary tionaries to prepare to permanent- side as imagined by some kind- rebellion. ly occupy Tiananmen Square and hearted people. Rather, under a 1. Was it necessary for the mar- they opened a "democratic univ- changed appearance, these ele- tial law enforcement troops to en- ersity," declaring that it was the ments were continuing their des- ter the city? "Huangpu Military Academy of perate struggle. After martial law was pro- the new period." (The Huangpu They knew full well that once claimed on May 20, a handful of Military Academy was founded the .martial law enforcement people incited the masses unclear jointly by the Kuomintang led by troops were in position, their plot about the truth of the matter to Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the Com- would fall through. So they wait- stop the troops from advancing munist Party in 1924 in Huangpu ed for an opportunity to provoke into the city. To avoid a clash, the near Guangzhou.--Ed.) disturbances and intensify the troops, wearing civilian clothes or They erected a goddess-like turmoil. adopting other methods, moved statue by the Monument to the On~ June 1, when public securi- towards the city and arrived at People's Heroes, first calling it ty organizations detained several some of the designated places. "the statue of liberty" and then leaders of the "Beijing workers' With the troops' arrival at .their renaming it "the statue of demo- autonomous federation," an ille- designated positions and through crac ,y# using the "freedom and gal organization, for investiga- the hard work of people from var- democracy" of the United States tion, the handful took advantage ious quarters, the tumultuous si- as their spiritual support. of this opportunity to instigate tuation began to ease. However, a They said that they would use some people to encircle and attack handful of rebels had not for a "the struggle on the square to sup- the Beijing Municipal Public Se- moment stopped their attempts to port the struggle of. the whole curity Bureau, the Beijing Muni- create turmoil and had not in the country." Forbidding the young cipal Party Committee, the Bei- least changed their aim of over- students to withdraw from the jing Municipal Government Off- throwing Communist Party lead- square, they even threatened, ice and the Ministry of Public Se- ership. "We'll kill whoever wants to with- curity. They declared that members of draw." On the evening of June 2, when "a new government" had been ap- Fearing that the students' sit-in a jeep, which the China Central pointed and a name list of cadres and petitioning act could hardly Television had borrowed from an to be suppressed had been pre- persist, they attempted to organ- armed police troop for ten months pared. They said that continuing a ize a "hunger strike involving to produce a full-length documen- "sit-in" demonstration on Tianan- 5,000 intellectuals." But they did tary to mark the 40th anniversary men Square and constantly creat- not get much response. In the end of the founding of the People's ing disturbances could help they put on a two-bit farce of a Republic, was on its way back to BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 11 =HINA I its original work unit, an accident military vehicles, beat soldiers to the skin and others were re- occurred in which the jeep over- and seize military supplies at the duced to tears because they were turned due to excessive speed and Jianguomen, Nanheyan, so badly beaten. a slippery surface, killing three and Muxidi crossings along the In the morning, the martial law people and injuring one. None of Changan Boulevard. enforcement troops were attacked them were students. This was of At one o'clock in the morning, near Hufangqiao and soldiers course a traffic accident, and the 12 military vehicles were inter- were so badly beaten that some of department concerned was al- cepted near Lugezhuang. Soldiers them were blinded. Some wound- ready handling the case. However, passing the Yanjing Hotel were ed soldiers were intercepted on a handful of elements deliberately forcibly searched and military ve- their way to the hospital. The am- linked this accident with the hicles in front of the Telegramme bulance tyres were deflated and martial law enforcement troops' Building were shut in by road bar- the wounded soldiers taken away. planned action of entering the riers and had their tyres slashed. From Hufangqiao to Taoranting, city. They spread a lot of ru- Before and after dawn, military 21 military vehicles were be- mours, claiming that it was vehicles were overturned at either sieged. When soldiers shifted the the troops' "pave-the-way" vehi- end of Yongdingmen Bridge and ammunition, policemen going to cle which ran over students on the tyres of the military vehicles guard the action were injured. purpose, inciting people not clear in Muxidi were slashed. More At noon, Liberation Army figh- about the facts. They tried to seize than 400 soliders moving to the ters were blocked at the south- the three bodies and carry the cof- city were stoned by rioters in ern entrance of Fuyoujie, at the fins in a procession through the Chaoyangmen. Military vehicles northern entrance of Zhengyi streets. The atmosphere was very were stopped and soldiers were Road and at Xuanwumen, Hu- tense for a while and the flame of pinned down in Liubukou and fangqiao, Muxidi and Dongsi. the rebellion was thus ignited by Hengertiao. Some were wounded, and the hel- them. About seven o'clock in the mets, military caps, raincoats, ket- 2. What Happened on June 3? morning, some rioters rushed to tles and satchels of others were In the small hours of June 3, the military vehicles besieged at snatched away. At some crossings, when the martial law enforcement Linbukou and snatched loaded hard tack and canned food were troops were on their way to the machine-guns. From Jianguomen spilled on the ground. Some riot- security area according to a set to Dongdan and Tianqiao, martial ers intercepted a military vehicle plan, some people shouted at the law enforcement troops were spor- laden with firearms and ammuni- tops of their voices and incited adically blocked, attacked and be- tion in Liubukou, and the armed others to intercept motor vehicles aten. On the Jianguomen over- police and the public security of- and cars, put up road blocks, stop pass, some soldiers were stripped ricers failed to rescue it after re- peated efforts. If the firearms and On the morning of June 3, a bus of the martial law enforcement troops was besieged at Liubukou. The besiegers took guns and helmets from the vehicle and ammunition had been taken or put them on the roof. YANG LIMING there had been an explosion, the consequences would have been di- sastrous. In order to protect peo- ple's safety and property in the I . 1- capital, the armed police, out of absolute necessity, fired tear-gas shells and recovered the ammuni- tion vehicle. At that time, some students were wounded and sent to hospital for treatment. At the same time, some rioters began to encircle and charge gov- ernment offices and important de- partments. They charged the Great Hall of the People, the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television and the west and south gates of Zhongnanhai (where the State Council and the headquarters of the Party Central Committee are

12 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 gHINA I

located). Several dozen armed Sketch Map of Beijing City Centre police and public security officers ~t....J, ,t..J,~ , ~--~' and men protecting these organi- zations were wounded. The rioters became more reck- I ~~,'~/nn~'-''~,-~ ur'a~`r--~m=== mmm~i~r---lmr"l| less as the situation deteriorated. About five o'clock in the after- noon, some people of the illegal- L_JEE I-TF-,' [:]LOB UII.IG ly organized "Beijing college stu- dents' autonomous federation" and "Beijing workers' autonom- ous federation" issued kitchen :.~,. . [.r._],~I~ ~ n i:::1I:::~ t~ J~,~ ~ ,~ knives, daggers, iron bars, iron chains and sharpened bamboo

poles to the masses who were un- - aware of the true situation on Tiananmen Square, and vowed to "beat the soldiers and policemen to death." A broadcast call of the "Beijing workers' autonomous federation" shouted about "top- piing the government with wea- Beijing's workers and staff mem- itary vehicles were destroyed and pons." A mob of some 1,000 peo- bers must stand fast at their posts one more jeep was overturned in ple incited by a gang of rioters and residents stay at home so that the Hufangqiao area. Military ve- pushed over the enclosing wall of their personal safety will be guar- hicles were intercepted around the a construction site near Xidan, anteed." This notice was aired re- Andingmen Overpass; soldiers seized large quantities of con- peatedly through radio, TV and about the size of a regiment were struction tools, reinforced steel other broadcasting devices. blocked on Chongwenmen Street; and bricks and were prepared for Around 10 pm on June 3, 30 more military vehicles were street fighting. all the martial law enforcement encircled around the Jianguomen At this crucial moment, the troops received their orders and Overpass; and more than 300 mil- Party Central Committee, the began moving into downtown Bei- itary vehicles besieged to the west • State Council and the Military jing from all directions. However, of the Beijing Coal Industrial Commission of the CPC Central they were severely obstructed and School. In order to keep moving Committee decided to order the held up at all the major intersec- forward, officers and men got martial law enforcement troops tions. Even so, they still exercised down from their vehicles to per- stationed in the surrounding areas an extremely high degree of res- suade people to make way for to force their way into the capital traint. Nevertheless, a handful of them. However, they were either and suppress the rebellion. rioters, taking advantage of the beaten or kidnapped and some of 3. PLA soldiers were forced to soldiers' self-restraint, launched a them are missing. Military vehi- shoot. hair-raising melee of beating, cles besieged around the Nanyuan It is evident to all that from the smashing, looting, burning and area in southern Beijing had to announcement of the martial law killing. make a detour to avoid conflict decree, PLA soldiers in downtown From 10 to 11 pm the same with the masses. However, they Beijing had always exercised a day, altogether' 12 military vehi- were encircled again when they high degree of restraint to avoid cles were burned on the road from arrived at the southern gate of any possible conflict. On June 3 Cuiweilu via Gongzhufen and Tiantan Park (the Temple of when the riot broke out, in order Muxidi to Xidan. Some rioters Heaven Park), and many of the to avoid injuring ordinary peo- brought in a truckload of bricks vehicles were either destroyed or ple, the Beijing Municipal Peo- and debris and hurled them at burned. When a group of rioters ple's Government and the Head- soldiers, while, others blocked the climbed on top of a military vehi- quarters of the PLA Troops for road by pushing a trolley bus to cle besieged at the area of Zhushi- Martial Law Enforcement jointly the intersection and then setting it kou, a man looking like a cadre announced an emergency notice on fire. Even a fire-engine which came up and tried to persuade at 6:30 pm, demanding, "All Bei- was on its way to fighting a fire them to come down. He was be- jing residents must keep alert, could not escape and was smashed aten up and no one knows wheth- and from now on must not go to and burned on the spot. er he died or not. streets and Tiananmen Square; Around 11 pm, three more mil- In the small hours of June 4, the BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2i.1989 13 CHINA I situation became even worse. Hundreds more military vehicles were set alight with gasoline, home-made incendiary bottles and flame throwers at East Tian- tan Road, the north gate of Tian- tan. Park, the west entrance of Qianmen Subway Station, East Qianmen Road, Fuyou Street, Liubukou, Xidan, Fuxingmen, South Lishi Road, Muxidi, Lianhuachi, Chegongzhuang, Donghuamen, Dongzhimen, Chaoyang District's Dabeiyao, Hujialou, Beidougezhuang, the Jiugong township seat of Daxing County and at many other inter- sections. Many soldiers were eith- er burned or beaten to death. At some of these intersections, sev- eral and even dozens of vehicles were burned, turning the scene Dozens of armoured vehicles of the martial law enforcement troops were burned by rioters to the west of Muxidi on the morning of June 4. xu ×IANGJUN into a sea of fire. For example, more than 70 armoured vehi- cles were held up around the bus u.nder Tiananmen (the Gate still unknown. At Huguosi, one Shuangjing Intersection, and 20 of Heavenly Peace) and attempt- military ~,ehicle was intercepted of them were stripped of their ed to set the gate tower of Tianan- by the rioters and the soldiers machine guns. More than 30 mil- men on fire. were cruelly beaten up and taken itary vehicles were set alight on While attacking military vehi- as hostages. The rioters grabbed the road from Jingyuan Intersec- cles and indulging in beating, many of their mac.hine-guns. tion to Laoshan Crematory. Some smashing, looting and burning, When one truck loaded with rioters, iron bars and gas drums in these rioters also killed PLA sol- bricks bound for Tiananmen hand, guarded every intersection diers ruthlessly. Square from Dongjiao Minxiang and burned all cars identified as Early on the morning of June 4, passed by, people on the truck military in defiance of warning a horde of rioters attacked the sol- shouted, "Are you Chinese? Then shots. Several rioters captured an diers with wine bottles, bricks and hit the soldiers with bricks!" armoured vehicle around the area even bicycles at the intersection After dawn, the hair-raising of the Fuxingmen Overpass and of Dongdan, wounding many of atrocities of beating and killing fired wherever they drove. The them. At Fuxingmen, one mili- PLA armymen shocked the whole illegal "Beijing workers' autonom- tary vehicle was intercepted and city. One ambulance of the ous federation" declared in a attacked. The 12 soldiers on the armed police, which carried eight broadcast call that they had cap- vehicle, including a management wounded soldiers, was intercept- tured a military radio and a ciph- section chief and cooks, were for- ed and attacked by rioters. They er code book. Some military sup- cibly pulled out, body-searched killed one of the wounded soldiers ply and provision trucks were also and cruelly beaten. Many were and threatened to kill the others. either burned or ransacked. seriously wounded. At Liubukou, In front of a bicycle store at Taking advantage of the mess, four soldiers were besieged and Qianmen, three soldiers were be- some rioters also smashed and attacked, and some of them were aten up and seriously wounded, destroyed civilian facilities. For killed. At Guangqumen three sol- and the rioters shouted to the on- example, they broke all the dis- diers were .beaten up. One-was lookers, "We'll kill whoever dares play windows of the Yanshan and rescued by some people but the to rescue them!" On Changan other stores and set to fire the pine whereabouts of the other two is Boulevard, one moving military fences to the west of the Memori- still unknown today. At Xixing- vehicle broke down suddenly, and al Hall of Mao Zedong and des- sheng Lane in the Western Dis- was attacked right away by about troyed and burned public buses, trict, some 20 armed police were 200 rioters. The driver was killed fire engines, ambulances and tax- attacked by rioters. Some of them inside the cab. is. What was most ruthless was were seriously wounded and the Thirty metres to the east of the that some rioters pushed a public whereabouts of some others are crossroad at Xidan, the rioters

14 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 BEIJING REVIEW Subject Index

(Nos. 1 - 26, 1989)

Issue Issue Issue Issue No Page No Page

I. DOMESTIC Civilization and Ignorance: The Principal Contradiction in China 20: 27 1. Political Strong Measures Decleared to Curb 1) General 'Turmoil' 22 : 15 Li Peng Meets With Student Leaders 22 : 16 China's Top 10 News Events in 1988 I : 8 'We're Not Wrong, M um!'--Report from The Evolution of Socialism 2 : 18 the Hospital 22 : 20 Forum: Modern Capitalism Reassessed 2 : 20 Hunger Strike Shakes China (pictorial) 22 : 18 China's Battle Against Carruption 3 : 16 Anti-Corruption & Public Supervision 23 : 4 Cartooning Against Corruption: Attacking Li: Chinese Government 'Stable From the Funny Side 3 : 20 and Able' 23 : 5 Party Vets Call for Stability 23 : 6 From Dragon Year to Snake Year 6 : 4 VIPs Back Martial law 23 : 7 Government's Workstyle 6 : 27 No Deaths in Huflger Strike 23 : 8 China Today: Basic Conditions 10 : 28 Students Befriend soldiers 23 : 9 Testing Times for China's Reform 12 : 4 Deng Hails Armymen 24-25 : 4 Li: Confident of China's Reform 15 : 10 Counter-Revolutionary Riot Quelled 24-25 : 5 Behind the 'Petty Action' of Some Beijing's Situation Returns to Normal 24-25 : 6 Americans 15:29 On the Events in Beijing 26 : 4 Deng Xiaoping on Peaceand War 14 : 16 Premier Li Outlines Current Tasks 26 : 5 Premier Li on Internal, External Turmoil Won't Close Open Door 26 : 6 Policies 16 : 10 400 Arrests Follow Riots 26 : 8 Hu Yaobang Mourned Nationwide 17 : 5 What Has Happened in Beijing? 26 : 1.1 Tibetan Deputies on 'Human Rights' 17 : 23 Why Impose Martial Law in Beijing 26 : 1.6 Patriotism, Science and Democracy 18 : 4 Grand Service Memorizes Hu Yaobang 18 : 5 2) Chinese Communist Party A Call for Unity Against Turmoil 18 : 9 Communist Party of China Pushes Forum: Basic Confradictions of Party Hygiene 5 : 5 Capitalism 19 : 14 State Council on Hot Issues 13 : 8 Issue Issue Issue Issue No Page No Page

Resolutely Carry Out the Principles of NPC Message to Taiwan Compatriots 2 : 6 Improvement, Rectification and 10 Big Events in Relations Across Deepened Reform--Report on the the Straits 2 : 7 Work of the Government 16 : Centrefold More on Reunification of Taiwan Two Anecdotes About the Late With the Mainland 3 : 22 Premier Zhou 17:28 Medicines Earn Healthy Surplus 7-8 : 39 Civilians Can Sue Officials 19:4 Taiwan: What Course to Follow? 7-8 : 42 CPC Membership Ratio 23 : 26 Basic Law of HKSAR, PRC (Draft) 11 : Centrefold 3) National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Ties Stronger With Taiwan 12 : 8 Conference Overstretched: Taiwan's 'E~astic Diplomacy' 14 : 4 Bainqen Dies of Heart Attack 6: Mainland-Taiwan Economic Bainqen Lama's Last Days 7-8: Relations on the Rise 14 : 20 China Honours Late Panchen 9: HK Reporter Refused Entry 15 : 9 NPC Session Stresses Rectification 13: ACFIC Fosters Overseas Links 20 : 25 China Rebuffs Tibet Bills by US-EP 13: Brotherly Love Needed Across Deputies Voice on Education & Party the Straits 20 : 28 Practice 14: Taiwan's New Mainland Policy Thrift Policy Holds Inflation 14: Raises Concern 21:19 Thrift Begins in Parking Lots 15: Mainland-Taiwan Trade Relations 21 : 27 Second Session of the Seventh NPC Ends 16: 7) National Minority From the NPC: Adhering to the 'Tibetan Independence' Open Policy 17: 26 --Fact or Fiction? 7-8 : 21 Vice-Governor Sacked in Hunan 22: 9 Tibet: Human Rights and Religion 9 : 24 4) People's Liberation Army China's Policy Towards the Dalai Lama 10 : 26 Lhasa Goes Under Martial Law 12:5 On Negotiations With the Dalai Martial Law: Declared But Not Lama 11 : 24 Enforced 22:5 A Village by the Lhasa River (I) 11 : 26 Troops Ordered to Restore Order 24-25: 5 LhaSa Goes Under Martial Law 12 : 5 J Xinhua on 'HumanRights Issue' 12: 6 5) Democracy and Legal System A Village by the Lhasa River (II) 12: 24 Multi-Party Reps Face Media 14:7 Expediting Development in Minority Areas 13 : 4 6) , Macao and Taiwan A Japanese Friend of Qufu 13 : 24 A Village by the Lhasa River (III) 13 : 25 'No' to Taiwan's Elastic Diplomacy 1:6 Lhasa: from Riots to Martial Law 13 : 27 New Trends in Taiwan 2:4 A Village by the Lhasa River (IV) 14: 26 Taiwanese Invited to Discuss A Villa by the Lhasa River (V) 15 : 25 Unity 2:5 Jing Minority Likes Modernities 18 : 8

H Issue Issue Issue Issue No Page No Page

A Village by the Lhasa River (VI) 18 : 26 Can Inflation Be Curbed? 7-8:4 A Village by the Lhasa River (VII) 19 : 24 Statistics for 1988 Socio-Economic Development 10 : Centrefold 8) The Legal System • Form Sets Economic Zones 10:29 System Ranks Armed Police 3 : 9 Thrift Policy Holds Inflation 14:6 Prison Situation Tense 2) Industry, Communications and City But Stable 4: 9 Construction Committee Ok's Hong Kong Law 5 : 8 24,000 Officials Reported for Xinjiang Railway Under Irregularities 5 : 9 Construction 1:9 Lhasa Rioters Are Sentenced 5 : 10 Airline Record Despite Crashes 6:8 New Economic Crimes Arise 9 : 28 Curbing Capital Construction 6:20 Interim Regulations on Private Cutting Growth Down to Size 6:25 Enterprises of the People's Republic Power Shortage Threatens China 9:7 of China 10 : Centrefold Optimization: Reform or Not? 9:8 Lhasa Riot Causes Deaths 11 : 7 Yangtze Project Study Approved 12:9 New Reform for Prisoners 13 : 34 Shortage at the Pits 15:7 Crack Down on Grey Crimes 15 : 5 Workers' Enthusiasm Blunted 15 : 29 Criminal Law Called to Revise 17 : 7 State Plants See Money Crisis 18:8 What We Know ofWei Jingsheng 18 : 23 Report on the Draft 1989 Plan Rioting in the South 19 : 5 for National Economic and Train Robberies Harass Travel 19 : 6 Social Development 18 : Centrefold Tainted Judges Get Rapped 21 : 8 Report on the Implementation of the State Budget for 1988 and Criminal Cases on the Rise 21 : 8 on the Draft State Teacher Bashing Raises Concern 21 : 8 Budget for 1989 18 : Centrefold Peng Stresses Law and Order 24-25 : 7 Car Industry Gets Into Gear 21:16 China's Industrial output Rose 13.7 9) Others percent in April 23 : 28 Power Lures Worshipers 9 : 29 Tele-Com to Replace Travels 24-25 : 24 Radical Anti-Tradition Sentiments 19 : 31 Indonesian Deal 24-25 : 31 Strikes Spark Political Crisis 22 : 7 Ironing Out Steel Problems 24-25 : 31 Crisis Boosts Public Spirit 23 : 10 Print Breakthrough for Tibet 24-25 : 34 Order Recovered in Major Cities 26 : 7 3) Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Sideline Production

2.Economic Commerce Minister Optimistic on Grain Supply 3 : 6 1) General Changes in Dazhai Village 6 : 28 Reform~ Amplify Year's Economy 2 : 8 Patronage Seam Enrages Farmers 15 : 8 Corralling Prices : MainTaskof 1989 4:5 Minister He Kang on China's Agriculture 18 : 16 The Chinese Economy in 1988 6 : 17 Forum: Agriculture at the Crossroads 18 : 20 A Probe Into Urbanization

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in Rural Areas 21 : 22 Jiangxi: A Profile of the Proud 5 : 24 China's Potential for Grain Output 21 : 27 Hotel Uniforms Compete in Beijing 5 : 34 China's Population, Land, Grain 23 : 26 Shopping Lottery Winners Chosen 5 : 34 More Foreign Funds for Agriculture 24-25 : 30 A Journey Through Henan 7-8 : 32 A Panoramic View of Tonrism in '89 7-8 : 46 4) Forestry Taurists Urged to File Complaints 7-8 : 47 Forest Areas Shrink Sharply 11 : 5 New Tourism Items 12 : 27 Qufu: the City of Confucius 13 : 18 5) Finance and Trade Beijing-Paris Motor Odyssey 16 : 34 Private Economy Grows 3 : 30 Great Wall Wins 'V-Day'? 17 : 8 TV Sets Lure Duplicator Buys z~ : 31 'World on Sea'--Special Zone Tourist The Struggle With Inflation: Cutting Back Centre 18:32 Consumption 6 : 23 Kaifeng Street Opens in Song Style 18 : 32 Water EXPO '89 Set in November 7-8 : 40 Good News for 'Tourism News' 18 : 32 The Rural Private Economy 9 : 16 Modern Warrior's Trip to China--A Quest. Going It Alone-- An Account of Private for the Spirit of Martial Arts 21:34 Entrepreneur 9 : 19 'ChinaOrient Expresses' Keep Puffing 21:34 Facts & Figures: The Individually Owned Special Inner Mongolian Tours 24-25:22 Economy 9 : 23 Subscribe Now: China Tourism News 24-25:23 Toy Fad Fuels China's Market 10 : 8 Provisions of the State Council Concerning 7) Opening to the World the Levy of the Adjustment Tax on Shandong Peninsula (I): A Headland of Individual Income of Investors in Economic Progress 1 : 25 Private Enterprises 10 : Centrefold Interim Regulations of the People's Growth Slows in Development Zones l : 29 Republic of China on the Income Tax More Steam for Shipping Trade 1 : 30 of Private Enterprises 10 : Centrefold Export Ban for 6 Items l : 30 Deficit Financing Unsuitable for China 12 : 22 HK Show for Beijing Hi-Tech 1 : 31 Paris Styles Stir Up a Storm 17 : 7 CAAC Invigorates Customer Service 2 : 9 Ad Expansion Sees Problems 20 : 9 Shandong Peninsula (II): Rural Enterprises Facts & Figures: China's Retail Flourishing 2: 25 Markets in 1988 24-25:20 Foreign Funding for Agriculture 2 : 30 Bank Savings Up After 1988 Run 24-25 : 27 Hebei Moves Up the Export League 2 : 30 Shanghainese Drink More Soft Drink 24-25 : 28 China Denies TV Dump Claim 2 : 31 Colour TV Sales Dropping 24-25 : 29 Feed Venture Starts Up 2 : 31 Non-Ferrous Output Goes Up 4 : 27 6) Tourism Raising Funds for Smaller Firms 4 : 28 CAAC Invigorates Customer Service 2 : 9 Jiangsu Builds Ties With FRG 4 : 29 •Attendant's Charity Wins Acclaim 2 : 29 Foreign Finance Group Reshuffled 4 : 29 Training Tourism Personnel 4 : 24 Snore Cure 4 : 29 The Last Decade: Bridging the Economic Sino-Soviet Trade Booms 5 : 29 Gap 5 : 16 Soviet Planes at Air Show 1988 5 : 30 Issue Issue Issue Issue No Page No Page

NEC Eytes Into China 5 : 30 Large Fines for Faking IBMs 15 : 31 Has More Funds 5 : 31 China's Medical Equipment Market 17 : 30 Prospects for Offshore Oil 6 : 29 Container Trade Grows Fast 17 : 30 Tea Trade Blossoms 6 : 30 New Advances in Acupuncture 17 : 31 Beijing Exports More Garment 6 : 31 Tianjin Gets New Show Hall 18 : 29 Water EXP.O '89 Set in November 7-8 : 40 World Bank High-tech Deal 18 : 29 Expanding Horse Meat Markets 7-8 : 39 Tianjin's 1989 Trade Fairs 18 : 29 Agreement Signed With N. Ireland 7-8 : 40 Rapid Development in China's Trust and League Expands Soviet Trade 7-8 : 41 Investment Business 19:27 Kodak Helps China Cut Film Imports 7-8 : 41 Principles for Foreign Trade 19 : 27 Bush Looks Good for Sino-US Ties 9 : 30 Technology Export and Import Slow Down 19 : 28 Some Imports Substandard 9 : 30 Confidence Lifts Foreign Funding 9 : 31 China-Latin American Trade Develops Rapidly 19 : 29 Will Economic Curbs Hit Overseas Investment? 10: 4 Burst in Bilateral Trade 20 : 15 China's Foreign Economic Relations and China Hewlett-Packard: Computing to Trade: 1988-89 10:16 Success 20 : 23 Chia Tai Group in China: Breeding the Governor Plugs Beef at NPC 20 : 28 Benefits 10:20 Call to Expand Use of Foreign Funds 20: 30 Facts & Figures: The Utilization of Foreign Japan-Funded Hotel Opens 20: 30 Capital: 1979-88 10 : 22 Selling Traditional Medicine Abroad 20: 30 Tighter Control Over Loans 10 : 30 Hard Drive on Soft Drinks 21 : 29 Export Standards Strengthened 10 : 30 Tapes Enter World Market 21 : 29 Building Up for the Asian Games 10 : 31 Medicine for Ailing Firms 21 : 29 Sino-US Laser Compositor 10 : 31 Italian-Style Leather Shoes Find Favour 21 : 30 Beijing to Sell Off Land 11 : 29 Sino-Chilean Firm Opens 21 : 30 Far North Expands Sino-Soviet Ties 11 : 29 Hainan Seeks Metal Funds 22 : 30 US$700 Million Spent on Update 11 : 30 Ist Beijing Fair Set for July 22 : 30 Sino,Polish Trade Expands 11 : 31 Asian Games Get Credit Lift 22 : 30 Galaxy Inc. Gests Off the Ground 11 : 31 Eastern Hebei Opens to the world 23 : 15 Price War Hits Carpet Makers 12 : 30 Facts & Figures: 1988 Border Trade 23 : 22 Build Up in Overseas Work 12 : 30 Toy Exports Increasing 23 : 28 Trade Fair Sells Well 12 : 31 Real Estate Inc. Seeks Partners 23 : 29 Shipping Co. Expands Fast 13 : 31 Economic Co-operation Between Mainland China's No. 1 Book Buyer 13 : 31 and Taiwan Improving 23 : 29 Mainland-Taiwan Economic Relations on Light Industrial Group Opens 23 : 30 the Rise 14 : 20 Arts and Crafts Market Opens 23 : 30 China's Borrowing: The key to Preventing Business Booms in Quanzhou 24-25 : 15 a Debt Crisis 14 : 23 World Bank Lends Money for High- Rapid Growth in 'Silicon Valley' 14: 30 way 24-25 : 27 Beijing's 1989 Trade Fairs 14 : 31 No Foreign Trade Changes Ex- Sino-EC Symposium on Law, Investment 15 : 30 pected 24-25 : 27

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UN, China Train Managers 24-25 : 28 Film Explores Virgin Land 7-8 : 50 Food Processing and Packaging Liulichang: Cultural Street in Beijing 12 : 28 Machinery Fair 24-25 : 31 Who's Coming to the Bank Meeting 20 : 8 Loans Up for Foreign Firms 24-25 : 31 The Crying Need for Press Reform 21 : 4 Turmoil Won't Close Open Door 26:6 Journalists Petition for Talk 21 : 6 Following in the Footsteps of 8) Economic Reform Confucius 24-25 : 19 Reforms Crack 'Iron Rice Bowl' 1 : 8 2) Art and Literature Economic Reform: A Sweet and Sour Decade 1 : 18 Shanghai Cartoons: Not for Kids Only 1 : 33 Control to Cure Inflationary Ills 2 : 8 Films Focus on Humanity, Awards 2 : 32 Farmers View Rural Reform 6 : 28 Pan Hong Stars in Latest Tragedy 2 : 32 Testing Times for China's Reforms 12 : 4 Great Art Revives a Heroic Life 2 : 33 Ten-Year Reform in Chinese Enterprises 12 : 29 Models Clamour About Nude Art 3 : 7 Economic Reform Faces New Challenges 13 : 16 Nude Art Exhibition: Stripping Back The State, the Market and the Enterprise 15 : 16 Tradition "3 : 27 China's First Share Success 15 : 21 Free-Lancer Pens Popular Novels 3 : 32 Does China Face Stagflation? 16 : 4 Folk Music Enchants Audience 3 : 33 From the NPC & CPPCC: The Need for Culture & Tradition: Picking Out the Macro-Economic Regulation 16 : 21 Pieces 4 : 15 Development and Role of the Private Culture in Debate: The River Dies Young 4 : 19 Economy 19 : 18 Changyang: Musical Heritage 4 : 34 Decade of Change for Farmers 21 : 28 Yaos Sing and Dance in the Capital 5 : 32 Luoyang Museum Mirrors Folkways 6 : 32 9) Enviornmental Protection Prospects for the Novel 7-8 : 48 China Preserves Pandas 3 : 31 Megic Artist 7-8 : 49 To Protect Rare Animals 17 : 10 Photo Exhibit for Film Stars 7-8 : 49 Bird Protection Week in Beijing 19 : 32 Contest for Traditional Instruments 7-8 : 50 Break Dancing: A New Craze 9 : 32 10) Others Dai Qing: A Prolific Woman Writer 9 : 33 Factors Fueling Ongoing Rackets 4 : 30 Harbin Hosts Ice Festival 11 : 32 Waste Threatens Water Supply 11 : 6 Singer Wei Wei Wins Acclaim 11 : 33 Joys & Worries of Private Enterprise Money Motions Film Trend 11 : 34 Owners 24-25 : 25 Yi Culture: Latest Studies 12 : 33 Products Found Substandard 24-25 : 28 Guo Zurong--A Diligent and Prolific 3. Culture Composer 13 : 32 A Person From the Yelang World 13 : 32 1) General Second Film Prize for China in Berlin 14: 32 Gao Shiqi--A Renowned Popular Science News Analysis: Talks Bode Well for South Writer 14: 33 Asia 4:11 Tianjin to Host Power Show '89 15 : 31

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Shen Begins to Show Talent 15 : 33 Hunger Strike Shakes China (pictorial) 22: 18 The 1988 National Drama Festival 16 : 16 Sex Education: No Longer Tabao 22 : 24 Soviet 'Garages' Staged in Beijing 18 : 30 Sex Education in a Haidian Public Eyes Nude Art 19 : 7 Middle School 22 : 27 From Venice to the Great Wall 19 : 34 China Uses Foreign Teaching Materials 23 : 24 The Expressive Warld of Cao Qiongde 20 : 32 What Are Students Thinking? 24-25 "25 First Time Mawangdui Show 20 : 33 4) Science and Technology. Disabled Artists Get Together in Beijing 20 :. 34 Movies Get 'R' Ratings 21 : 9 Foreigners Watch Satellite Lauchin~ 1 : 7 Handicapped Creates the Impossible 21 : 32 Private Sci-Tech Business 3 : 31 Artists's Mountains Signal Change 22 : 33 Simulated Test of Deep Diving 4: 8 Cartoon Exhibition: 'Olympics of Scientists Urge Global Study 6 : 9 Laughters and Satire' 23 : 31 A Look at the Next 4,000 Days 6 : 26 Chinese Expressionism: Art's New Basic Science Funds Increase 9 : 7 Statement 26 : 22 New Changes in Social Sciences 14 : 29 China Premieres Film Festival 26 : 24 High-Tech Progresses Into 90's 14: 29 3) Educatioh Astronomists Studying Sunspots 17 : 33 A Study of Radioactive Species 21 : 32 Illiteracy Threatens Modernization 3 : 4 Panda-Hamster Cross Discovered 24-25 : 33 Dropout Rate Alerts Educators 3 : 8 Cell Function Secrets Unlocked 26 : 23 Campus Incident in Nanjing 4: 4 Colleges Provide Part-Time Jobs 4: 7 5) Medicine and Health Study Blahs Hit Students 6 : 7 China Fights Back Threat of AIDS 1 : 32 Are These Not Worth Pondering? 7-8 : 42 Progress in Marrow Transplants 2: 23 Students Voice Their Concerns 9 : 28 China Steps Up Narcotics Research 5 : 6 Overseas Students: the World of Soviet Diplomatic Harvest in 1988 5 : 11 Education 11 : 15 Interest Rates to Be Raised 6 : 6 Better Conditions for Returned Students 11 : 19 New Treatment Heals Burns 10: 33 A Pleasant Try of English Teaching 14 : 8 Scalpel-Needle Probes New Ground 16 : 25 Genius Wang Knows 13 Languages 16 : 24 New Advances in Acupuncture 17 : 31 'Follow Me to Science' Welcomed 17 : 33 Herbs Make Made Pill 22 : 32 Student Demos Shake Beijing 19 : 5 Cell Function Secrets Unlocked 26 : 23 Beijing Boosts Education Funds 19 : 8 University Students Do Business 19 : 30 6) Sports Books Young Teachers Like to Read .19 : 31 Champions Win Gold Can Prize 2 : 34 Students Return to Classes 20 : 6 Swimmers Coming on Strong 3 : 33 Students on Hunger Strike 21 : 5 Sports News: Top Ten of'88 3 : 34 Teacher Bashing Raises Concern 21 : 8 Gymnastic Prince Bids Farewell 6 : 33 Muslims Get Book Banned 21 : 9 Harbin Hosts Ice Festival 11 : 32 'We're Not Wrong, Mum!'--Report From China's 10 Best Athletes of 1988 12 : 32 the Hospital 22 : 20 Asian Games: Ongoing Building 12 : 34 re/! Issue Issue Issue Issue No Page No Page

Ancient Bell Museum 14 : 34 One Million Job Seekers 11 : 7 Fitness and Health Through Qigong 17 : 16 Never Too Old to Love 14 : 7 Qigong and Qinghua Campus 17:20 City Smokers on the Rise 14 : 8 Asian Games Get Credit Lift 22 : 30 Crack Down on Grey Crimes 15 : 5 People's Concern for Social. 7) Archaeology and Culture Relics Security 24-25 : 26 Better Care for Peking Man Site 5:,7 2) Tsade Union Qin Terra Cottas: New Sites Ahead 9:33 Ancient Bell Museum 14 : 34 Unions of Management & Workforce 7-8 : 27 Life's Last Struggle to Build Stelae 15:32 3) Youth Ancient Tombs Shed New Light 17:32 Yunnan Unearthed Bronze Age Relics 18:31 Students Voice Their Concerns 9 : 28 Women's Bitter Plight Staged 19:33 Student Demos Shake Beijing 19 : 5 Ancient Money on Show 22 : 32 70th Anniversary of May 4th Movement Commemorated 20 : 5 8) Books

Si Ku Quan Shun: New Available to 4) Women Scholars 2:28 A Useful Pocket Reference on Tibet 7-8 : 44 Profile: Wang Danfeng:A Shanghai Screen Star 15:28 Zhou Enlai--the First Five Decades 17:34 Women in Architecture .23:19 The New Revolution's first Decade 23 : 27 Working Women's Burdens & Wants 24-25 : 24 9) Others

VOA Report Called 'Nonsense' 3:5 5) Population and Life Artist Bikes About the World 4:32 Baby-Boom Strikes Again 4:7 Prices Up, Readers Down 5:7 Beijing Tracks Population Rise 4:30 Kaifeng Embroidery 5:33 More People, More Change 10 : 28 Panda Cousins: Biggest Threat 9:34 Countering the Surge in Population 11:4 Russian Learning Craze Emerges 13:9 A New Headache: Human Deluge 12:7 Italian Tree Saplings Planted in Average Life Span in China 12 : 29 Shandong 19:34 Population Imbalance Grows 13:9 TreeUnrivalled for Beauty 24-25 : 32 Height of Chinese Varies Geogra- Bamboo Garden 24-25 : 33 phicaUy 13:34 Print Breakthrough for Tibet 24-25 : 34 Students on the Look-Out Love 17:28 4. Social The New Situation of China's Families 17:29 6) Religion 1) General Tibet: Human Rights and Religion 9:24 Survey Spotlights .Apportionments 3:30 Breakthroughs in Religious Research 12:14 Facts & Figures: Strengthening The Surge in China's Christianity 12:19 Social Welfare 5"27

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Curta.in Goes Up on Renovation Plan 17 : 32 2. China's Foreign Relation, Countries and Regions 7) Others

Test-Tube Baby Ends Marriage 4 : 31 1) Asia Architect Wins World Acclaim 10: 32 Sino-Indian Relations Usher a New Era 1 : 5 Huan Xiang Passes Away 11 : 8 Looking Back: Southeast Asia in 1988 2 : 11 Home Buying: Pie in the Sky 12 : 8 An Auspicious Year of Sino-Soviet Northern China Sees More Rain 16 : 6 Relations 5 : 4 China Tops 1.'1 Billion People 17 : 9 Sino-Cuban Ties Enter New Era 5 : 9 Life vs. Death at Tombs 18 : 7 Sino-Thai Talks on Kampuchea t 3 : 7 The Social Character of Modern Indofiesia Escapes the Oilfield Blues 13 : 13 Chinese 18 : 28 Qian Qichen on China's Foreign Policy 15 : 11 China Works to Eliminate Illegal ,~The Road of Third World Development 21 : 12 Marriages 19 : 21 Tobacco Bosses Plunder Weak 24-25 : 9 Afghanistan News Analysis: Afghanistan: Peace II. INTERNATIONAL Unrealized 3:14 Afghanistan: Situation and Prospects 16; 8 1. General Afghanistan: Situation and Prospects 17 : 14

World Pressed for New Political Order 1 : 4 Arab Relative Detente Befalls the World 1 : 11 Saudi Economy Pumps with the Punches ~8:11 Top Ten World News Events of 1988 1 : 13 Saudi Trade Office to Be Set Up in Beijjng News Analysis: A Mideast Peace Break- ,.~8." 12 through 1 : 15 Iran Eastern Powers Thaw Lines to S. Korea 2 : 15 Iranian Visit Boosts Ties 21 : 7 Foreign Students Speak the Facts 4: 6 China Urges Total Ban onChemical Japan Weapons 4: 10 Japan Tones Up Defence Policy 9 : 13. Food Situation Stirs World-Wide Historical Facts Are Undeniable 10 : 6 Concern 6 : 14 JaPan Gets 'War-Responsibility-Phobia' 10 : 7 China's Foreign Policy: A 1980s Japan Tones Up Defence Policy 10 : 12 Tune-Up 7-8 : 12 Plum and Cherry Jointly Blossom 15 : 4 An Analysis of the Three Eco- Li Peng Scores Tokyo Touchdown 17 : 6 nomic Rims 12 : 11 Premier Li's Remarks in Japan 18 : 10 China's Policy on a Multipolar World 14: 10 Moscow's New Japan Policy 18 : 13 On Zhou Erdai's Diplomatic Theory 14 : 11 Hanamizake Economics and China's Human Rights Abuse or Prejudice? 15 : 14 Excessive Consumption, 22 : 29 Third World Trade Ideas 19 : 8 Japan Sells Steel Mill to China 24-25 : 29 China's Position on Arms Transfer 22 : 13 Prospects for the Middle East 23 : 11 Korea Zhao Re-visits DPRK 19 : 6 Bush Administration's Soviet Policy 24-25: 10

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Mongolia News Analysis: Mongolia Rides the The United States Tide of Reform 2:17 Idealism, Realism: The Weave of US China Policy 4: 12 Pakistan Bush's Foreign Policies: A Realistic Benazir Bhutto Visits China 7-8:6 Outlook 9 : 10 Exclusive Interview: Benazir Bhutto Bush Visits China & Friends 10: 5 on P ak-Chinese Ties 7-8:10 US Interference Protested 24-25 : 7 South Korea VOA Disgraces Itself 26 : 9 South Korea: A Setback to Negotiations 19:13 5) Viet Nam EC Moves Towards a Single Market 13:11 Viet Nam's Promise Doubtful 17:4 Albania 2) Africa Tirana Starts to Open Its Door 17 : 13 China, Africa Affirm Bonds 6:6 External Factora~Push Privatization Soviet Union Sine-Soviet Summit in Sight 7-8 : 7 in Africa 6:11 Moscow Takes New Look at UN 7-8 : 18 Namibla Moscow Plugs New Eastern Europe Deal 17 : 11 Namibia: Independence in Sight 11:9 World Impact of Sine-Soviet Normalization 19 : 10 3) Latin America Sine-soviet Relations: Review and Cuba Prospect 20 : 4 Cuba Adjusts Its Foreign Policy 21:11 Stalin's Image Fades in China 20 : 7 Moscow Opens Its Economic Doors 20 : 11 Nicaragua Summit Plans Nicaraguan Peace 10 : 10 Burst in Bilateral Trade 20 : 15 Ice Melting on the Sine-Soviet Border 20 : i 7 Panama Sine-soviet Summit: Normalization. Situation Deteriorating in Panama 23:14 at Last" 22 : 4 Sine-Soviet Joint Communique 22 : 11 4) North America Let Friendly Sine-US Train Roll On 9:4

X CHINA I

killed one soldier and, pouring ga- • feelings for them as have their at the square, "The clearance be- soline over the body, set it on fire. family members. The aftermath gins now and the students' appeal At Fuchengmen, the rioters hung of these accidental injuries will be to withdraw from the square has the body of a soldier up on the carefully dealt with. been agreed too." At the same balustrade of the overpass. At 4. The "massacre at Tianan- time, the circular of the Beijing Chongwenmen, they threw one men" is totally a rumour. Municipal People's Government soldier down from the overline The fact is: After the martial and the headquarters of the mar- bridge and, pouring gasoline over law enforcement troops entered tial law enforcement troops on the soldier, burned him alive. At the square, at 1:30 am, the Bei- quickly reviving Tiananmen a place near the Shoudu Cinema jing Municipal People's Govern- Square's normal order was broad- on West Changan Boulevard, one ment and the headquarters of the cast. The circular says, "One, all PLA officer was beaten to death martial law enforcement troops is- people on the square must imme- by the rioters, who then gouged sued an emergency notice, "A diately withdraw from the square out. his eyes and cut open his bel- serious counter-revolutionary riot after hearing this broadcast. Two, ly. The body was hung over a occurred this evening in the capi- if there are people who defy or blazing military vehicle. The riot- tal. The rioters furiously attacked refuse to carry out this order and ers also killed one soldier, gouging PLA commanders and soldiers, continue to stay at the square, the out his eyes, cutting off his penis grabbed arms and ammunition, martial law enforcement troops and throwing his body into the burned armoured vehicles, set up have the right to adopt all ne- moat. road blocks and kidnapped PLA cessary means to disperse them. According to incomplete statis- officers and soldiers, in a vain at- Three, after the clearance is com- tics, the rioters destroyed and tempt to subvert the People's Re- pleted, Tiananmen Square will be burned more than 450 military public of China and overthrow strictly controlled by the martial • vehicles, police cars and public the socialist system. For many law enforcement troops. Four, we buses, including some 180 military days, the People's Liberation hope the broad masses of students trucks, some 40 armoured vehi- Army has exercised a high degree and the public who cherish pa- triotic feelings and who are un- cles, some 90 police cars, some 80 of restraint. Now, the counter- willing to see disturbances in the public buses and some 40 motor revolutionary riot must be reso- country will actively co-operate vehicles. They took away weapons lutly counter-attacked. Citizens of with the martial law enforcement and ammunition, killing about 100 the capital should abide by the troops to complete the clearance martial law enforcement soldiers, martial law decrees and co- task." armed police and public securi- operate closely with the PLA to After hearing the circular ty officers and wounding sever- resolutely safeguard the Constitu- broadcast, the several thousand al thousands. tion and protect the security of students on the square gathered Such a tragic scene convincing- our great socialist motherland and their ranks and organized hand- ly tells of the great restraint exer- the capital. For those who turn a in-hand pickets. At about 5 am, cised by the martial law enforce- deaf ear to persuasion, their safety they began to leave the square ment troops. Otherwise, flow will not be guaranteed and all the in an orderly way, carrying their could so many soldiers be killed consequences will rest completely own banners. The martial law en- and wounded? And how could the with them." This emergency not- forcement troops left a broad tho- troops suffer such great losses? ice was broadcast repeatedly for roughfare at the southern end of Driven beyond forbearance, the more than three hours through the east side of the square to en- martial law enforcement troops, loud speakers. Most of the onlook- sure the quick, smooth and safe who could hardly move one step ers quickly left the square. The departure of the students. At that forward, counter-attacked, killing sit-in students now numbering time, there were still a few stu- some of the rioters. Because there several thousand then massed ar- dents who refused to leave, and were numerous onlookers and stu- ound the Monument to the Peo- armed policemen compelled them dents, some were knocked down ple's Heroes at the southern fringe to leave according to-the require- by vehicles, some were caught up of the square. At about 3 am, ments of the circular. At 5:30 am, in crowds and others were hit they sent representatives to tell the clearance was completed. The by stray bullets. During the riot, the martial law enforcement whole process took less than half more than 1,000 of the people were troops that they were willing to an hour. None of the students wounded and more than 100 died. withdraw from the square volun- who took part in the sit-in on the Nobody likes to see such a thing tarily, and this was welcomed by square, including those who in the happen. As to the people and the troops. end were compelled to leave, died. students accidentally injured, the At 4:30 am, this notice of the The claim that "the bloodshed on government and the martial law headquarters of the martial law Tiananmen Square became a riv- enforcement troops have the same enforcement troops was broadcast er" is sheer nonsense. [] BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 15 CHINA !

Why Impose Martial Law in Beijing?

SHI WEI

y the third week of May 1989, the May 19 speech by Li Peng on anonymous big- and small- serious turmoil had taken behalf of the Party Central Com- character posters were found in B place in Beijing and social mittee and the State Council, and Beijing and Qinghua Universities, stability, people's normal life and the statements by other leaders directly attacking the leadership social order had been disrupted. have all repeatedly and clearly of the Chinese Communist Par- In view of this and in accordance pointed out that the demands of ty and the socialist system. One with the stipu!ations of the Con- the broad masses of young stu- small-character poster entitled stitution of the People's Republic dents to promote democracy, er- "Lament for the Chinese People" of China, the State Council on adicate corruption, punish offi- termed, the present government May 20 issued an order, signed by cial profiteering and overcome "autocratic and despotic," and Premier Li Peng, to impose mar- bureaucracy are in conformity called upon everyone to "fight for tial law in some sections of Beijing with the wishes of the Party and freedom." A big-character poster in order to check the unrest, res- government, and that they have entitled "The Call of the Times" tore social stability in the city, played a positive role in promot- asked "whether there is any rea- safeguard the life and property of ing the solution of these problems. son for the existence of socialism" the citizens, protect public proper- The Party and government have and "what kind of philosophical ty, and ensure the normal func- all along strictly differentiated be- system can be used to replace tioning of central government de- tween the young students' patriot- Marxism-Leninism?" At the cam- partments and the Beijing munici- ic enthusiasm and the conspira- pus of Beijing University, a poster pal government. It called troops to torial activities of a very small entitled "A Letter to the Broad the capital to assist the armed pol- number of people who are creat- Masses of Youth and Students" ice, public security personnel and ing turmoil. called upon them to fight for the broad masses as well as the How, then, did these few people "democracy, freedom and human young students to maintain Bei- stir up turmoil by making use of rights" under the leadership of jing's public security and restore the well-meaning aspirations of Fang Lizhi, a scholar who advo- normal production, work, teach- the broad masses of students, by cates bourgeois liberalization. In ing, and scientific research and making use of the same people's society at large, certain people be- normal life in the capital. confused thinking, by making use came very active and held inces- However, some people have of some failings in the work of the sant meetings. Fang Lizhi praised asked: Since the students are pa- Party and government and the these meetings for "adopting an triotic, why say there has been difficulties encountered in the attitude of total boycott and tho- turmoil? Since the students are course of China's advance? We rough criticism of the authorities" patriotic, why send in the People's have only to examine the recent and "having a strong smell of gun- Liberation Army? Therefore, the series of extremely abnormal ev- powder." He predicted that "witl/ following explanations may be in ents which have occurred to come three meetings of this kind in suc- order. to the correct conclusion. cession, people will take to the Why do we say there has A. The turmoil fomented by a streets." When Hu Yaobang died tiny minority was premeditated. on April 15, certain people been serious turmoil in As early as the end of last year thought the time was ripe, and Beijing? and the beginning of this year, a were determined to stir up great First, it should be said that the small number of people inside and disturbances. Chinese Communist Party and outside universities conspired to B. The political aim of the tiny the People's Government have, stir up campus upheaval and pro- minority was to negate the leader- from the very beginning, fully voke incidents on the occasions of ship of the Communist Party and confirmed the patriotic enthu- the 70th anniversary of the May the socialist system. siasm of the broad masses of 4th Movement, the 40th anniver- A so-called Message to the young students. They have never sary of the founding of the Peo- Youth and Students of the Na- said it was the majority of stu- ple's Republic of China, and the tion, signed "Nankai University," dents who were stirring up tur- 200th anniversary of the French included the call to "establish a moil. The Renmin Ribao (People's Revolution. committee for the revision of the Daily) .editorial of April 26 and In early March this year, some Constitution and abolish 'princi-

16 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-J~JLY2, 1989 :HINA|

pies' and 'adherences' in the Con- garding the great achievements its own status, without concern stitution, which are deeply hat- that ten years of reform have for the future of the country and ed by the people." Ren brought, slandered socialist China the nation," and declared that the Wanding, former head of the ille- as being "black as pitch," "reach- Party is "disintegrating." gal organization League for Hu- ing a severe crisis," "rampant with A few posters even declared man Rights, said in a speech deliv- profiteering officials, full of cor- that "Right from the beginning, ered in front of Tiananmen Gate: ruption and degeneration, and everything the Communist Par- "Without the removal of the Four ty has done is corrupt, autocrat- collapsing morally." They claimed Cardinal Principles from the Con- ic and traitorous...the Commun- stitution...they will take .as done nothing good." ence over the people's int -character posters at- (The Four Cardinal Princ he Party as "having lost are: Keeping to the social: le as the vanguard or- road, and upholding the ization of the advanced people's democratic dic- oletariat. It is just an- tatorship, the leadership )ther group of autocrats of the Communist Par- in power in China's ty and Marxism- thousand-year-old Leninism and Mao feudal despotism." Zedong Thought.) Some people brazen- He continued, say- ly clamoured for the ing, "The false relax- overthrow of the "au- ation, harmony, uni- tocratic rule" of the ty and stability of our Chinese Communist society are obtained \ Party. Others pro- at the price of an ov- posed "inviting the erall policy of high- Kuomintang back to handedness over the en- te mainland to set up tire people and at the cost wo-party political sys- of the blood, life, loss o: freedom and health of n g Xiaoping has always lions of the best talents." to the Four Cardinal A big-character poster ~ and insisted on oppos- jing University said, "M ...... ois liberalization. He is equals Utopia. Mao Zedong was Zhongnanhai, seat of the Party and the chief architect of China's re- an out-and-out rascal. Without government headquarters, was be- forms, opening up to the outside sieged on May 17. XUE CHAO the negation of Mao Zedong world and modernization drive. Thought, the reform can have no that "China is moribund, the peo- He enjoys high prestige inside and practical meaning." A poster at ple are degenerating, everything is outside the Party, at home and the Beijing University of Aeron- dying," and advocated the over- abroad. The tiny minority have autics and Astronautics, signed "a throw of the socialist system. therefore consistently made Deng doctoral candidate" and entitled At the Beijing University of Xiaoping the target of their at- "China's Hope: Private Owner- Aeronautics and Astronautics, so- tack, using extremely venomous ship," attacked China's public meone posted up a "Message to and even scurrilous language to ownership as "exceeding the laws the Entire Chinese People" de- slander and abuse him. of historical development," as manding that they "abolish the The Four Cardinal Principles being "fetters on -the dev.elopment Communist Party and practise a are the foufidation of our country. of the productive forces...the multi-party system" and "abolish If the Four Cardinal Principles soil nurturing bureaucracy...the the Communist Party branches and the leadership of the Com- hotbed for corruption and de- and cadres in charge of political munist Party are abolished, what generation...the cradle of central- work in organizations, schools alternative is there but capital- ized state pow.er and autocracy." and units." Some big-character ism? The poster advocated "sounding posters openly called for the C. The turmoil stirred up by the death knell of public owner- "abolition of parties and abroga- the tiny minority was carefully ship as soon as possible to wel- tion of the Four Cardinal Princi- planned; various political forces at come the future of the republic." ples." Some attacked the Chinese home and abroad were involved. In their articles and posters, this Communist Party as a "treacher- For more than a month, at each tiny minority, completely disre- ous party" which "only cares for stage of the turmoil, every action,

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 17 CHINA I slogan and demand was carefully ment; on the other hand, they laid cert with each other. Hu Ping, planned and arranged. At the be- down a number of preconditions Chen Jun and other members ginning, according to the plans of and spread the word that the gov- of the reactionary organization the small minority, there was an ernment was not sincere. In fact, China Democratic Alliance joint- alFout attack on the Four Cardi- it was they who obstructed the ly issued an "Open Letter to nal Principles. Party and govern- dialogues and did their best to Chinese University Students" ment leaders were assailed one by erect barriers. At first, they said from New York. This was posted one. Before and after April 18 and that they would send 20 represen- up in many Beijing universities. It 19, when there were attempts to tatives to the talks with the gov- called upon the organizers of the storm Zhongnanhai where the ernment. When the government student agitations to pay atten- Party and government headquart- agreed, they asked to increase the tion to "consolidating the organi- ers are located, the attack was number to 200. At the same time, zational links established during concentrated on Deng Xiaoping they started a rumour that the this movement and to strive for a and Li Peng. After April 26, when government had limited them to strong mass effort in order to be People's Daily issued the editorial only 20 representatives. As a re- effective." It said that at that exposing the nature of the tur- suit, the dialogue was not held time "the complete negation of moil incited by the small minori- as scheduled. On the morning of the anti-liberalization movement ty, these people made an abrupt May 13, the Offices of the Party of 1987 should be used as a break- and drastic change in their tac- Central Committee and the State through point" and "it is neces- tics. Slogans such as "Support the Council invited them to a dia- sary to strengthen your contacts Chinese Communist Party," "Sup- logue on May 15. While express- with various press media and oth- port socialism" and "Support the ing their agreement to hold a er circles...to try to win their sup- Constitution" appeared. dialogue, they promptly issued a port and participation." Two lead- Several days later, when they declaration, prepared beforehand, ers of the organization, Wang saw that the Party and govern- announcing the start of a hunger Bingzhang and Tang Guang- ment were exercising great res- strike, and started the rumour zhong, hurriedly flew to Tokyo traint, they withdrew these slo-- that the government had refused from New York in an attempt to gans. When the situation deter- to hold any dialogues, thus push- reach Beijing to take a hand in the iorated after May 4, the slogan ing some students to the forefront turmoil. "Down with Deng Xiaoping" ap- of the hunger strike. A group of original members of peared again all over the city During the student agitations, a the "China Spring" organization of Beijing, causing a temporary few people who were able to ob- living in the United States set up uproar. After May 19, when Pre- tain top-level secrets of the cen- a "China Democratic Party" and mier Li Peng made an important tral authorities even sent people sent a "Letter to All Compatriots" speech calling for resolute mea- to some of Beijing's colleges and on April 16 which reached some sures to curb the turmoil, these universities and to Tiananmen Beijing university campuses. It in- people first put forth the slogan Square to divulge confidential in- cited the students to "demand "Down with Deng Xiaoping and formation and stir up disturb- that conservatives and bureau- Li Peng." Later the tactics were ances. Sometimes, only a few crats step down" and "push the readjusted once again, and care hours after a meeting of the Chinese Communist Party to end was taken not "to shout extremist Standing Committee of the Party its autocratic rule." slogans, especially those directed Politburo had been held, and be- All these facts show that a small at Deng Xiaoping" -- in order to fore the subjects discussed had number of people at home and "win over Deng Xiaoping for the been transmitted officially, cer- abroad colluded with each oth- benefit of the next step of the tain university campuses were al- er, acted in Collaboration and struggle." They therefore concen- ready in possession of the infor- planned the turmoil carefully. trated their attack on Li Peng and mation and had made it publicly D. Th~ tiny minority used ru- the' "bogus government." known. The different views of mours and instigations to steadily Some people have said that if leaders of the Party Central Com- worsen the situation. the leaders of the central author- mittee with regard to the student Since the beginning of the .stu- ities had held dialogues earlier agitations were widely publicized dent agitations, Beijing has been with the students, things would by a minority with ulterior mo- full of rumours of various sorts. It not have become so serious. This tives, and caused serious ideologi- is fqod for thought that whenever is not true. As planned by the cal confusion. the government took measures to tiny minority, the organizers of Various political forces at home ease the situation and once the the student agitations on the one and abroad intervened in the stu- students became calm, there were hand expressed their willingness dent agitations. They gave counsel always new rumours and instiga- to hold dialogues with the govern- to the students and acted in con- tions which led to greater unrest.

18 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 ,.HI NA I

After the death of Hu Yaobang 12:45." Actually, he had made no Tiananmen the morning after on April 15, some people spread such promise, and when it did not the suppression." Later, more ru- the rumour that "Li Peng abused happen it was rumoured that "Li mours circulated, saying that Hu Yaobang at a Politburo meet- Peng has cheated the students," "troops will be air dropped" and ing, which made Hu terribly an- with the result that 60,000 stu- "they will use teargas." All this gry and thus caused his death." dents staged a class boycott. So was aimed at intensifying the On April 20, a few people tried the student agitations escalated. conflict betweer, students and city to break through Zhongnanhai's On April 23,-as university stu- residents and the People's Libera- Xinhua Gate. Finally, some peo- dents in the capital boycotted tion Army. ple who had gathered in front of classes, a small minority distribut- The tiny minority has created the entrance were put into buses ed leaflets of the so-called "Bei- turmoil by fabricating rumours to by the police on duty and sent jing workers' autonomous federa- cheat the masses. When some of back to their universities before tion" everywhere in order to incite their rumours were spiked, they dawn. During this process, both workers to go on strike. started new rumotirs by changing sides pushed and tussled with one On May 13, a number of stu- the appearance of the old ones. another. Then came the rumours, dents from Beijing's universities E. A few people have wilfully "The police beat people at Xin- started a hunger strike at Tianan- trampled upon democracy and the hua Gate -- not just students, but men Square. The small minority legal system, and their deeds have workers, women and children." spread everywhere the rumour led to serious chaos in the social "More thana thousand workers in that "The workers of Beijing are order. science and technology fell in the going on general strike" in order For more than a month some bloodshed." At the same time, an- to make the situation deteriorate people, incited by a tiny minori- other rumour ran that a student further. ty, organized parades, demonstra- from Beijing Normal University On May 20, after the imposition tions, sit-ins and hunger strikes, was run over by a police car (in of martial law in sections of Bei- all without approval and regard- fact, a student on a bicycle was jing by the State Council, the fol- less of the 10-point regulation unfortunately killed in an ordi- lowing rumour was spread: "Li about parades and demonstrations nary trolley bus traffic accident). Peng presided over a meeting passed by the Standing Commit- Many other students who knew which has made four decisions: 1. tee of the Beijing People's Con- nothing about the truth were sym- The nature of the student move- gress. They occupied Tiananmen pathetic and angry. ment has been determined to be a Square for a long period, and as On April 22, after the memorial rebellion; 2. All the 200,000 stu- a result some important state af- meeting for Hu Yaobang, some dents at Tiananmen Square are to fairs, such as the Sino-Soviet sum- people spread to students at Tian- be suppressed; 3. All the large pri- mit meetings, could not be carried anmen Square the rumour that sons in the capital will be emptied out as planned and some activities "Premier Li Peng had promised to to hold students; 4. All the street had to be cancelled. This situation meet the students on the square at cleaners will be mobilized to clean harmed the prestige and image of On June 3, a public bus was intercepted at the Xidan intersection on Changan China. Boulevard, blocking traffic in all directions. YA NG LIMING After the beginning of May this year, the demonstrations steadily increased in scale, growing from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, even to over a million. This seriously disrupted Beijing's regular production, work and so- cial order. Some people surround- ed the offices of the Party Central Committee, offices of the State Council as well as the houses of some State leaders. Some rogues harassed the Beijing Party Com- mittee and the Beijing Municipal Government, cursing and using scurrilous words. Public transport in Beijing's urban area was ser- iously disrupted and even para- lyzed for a time. Industrial raw materials could not be brought in

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 19 CHINA I and finished products carried out. even lay on the tracks to stop rogues and local ruffians into a Even the transport of gas and trains. During this time, over "flying tiger corps," which includ- foodstuffs were hampered. Shops 200,000 students from other parts ed over a hundred motorcyclists, and enterprises could not make of China entered Beijing. They and a "dare-to-die corps" of over a bank deposits in time. boarded trains without tickets and thousand bicyclists. People were Some people took on the roles did not pay for their meals, just as asked to rise up as the masses had of policemen and public security young people had done during the in the great French Revolution, to personnel without authorization, "cultural revolution." "attack the Bastille." The handful stopping vehicles and checking F. A few people attempted to of people threatened to put Party the ID cards of people as they seize power by taking advantage of and state leaders "under house ar- liked. Some lawless people wilful- the turmoil. rest." ly abused and even struck police- Provoked by a tiny minority, Do these facts constitute tur- men and public security person- some university students pro- moil? In this chaos, to restore the nel. As anarchic conditions be- claimed the abolition of the regu- social stability of Beijing and pro- came increasingly serious, local lar Student Union and Postgrad- tect people's life and private and security personnel and armed pol- uate Student Union, leaders of public property, and to enable the ice felt they could not carry out which had been elected by the stu- central departments and the Bei- their heavy task of keeping the dents, and the establishment of a jing municipal government to car- capital in order, and beating, so-called autonomous student or- ry out their normal duties, it was smashing and looting repeated- ganization. Some students even necessary for the State Council, as ly occurred. Some lawless peo- took over campus broadcasting provided for in the Chinese Con- ple took the opportunity to rob stations. Later, these groups unit- stitution, to declare martial law in banks. Once dozens of bandits ed to become the directing center some sections of the city. If the robbed the Huiyuan Department of the student agitation. state did not take decisive mea- Store at Dongsi Street. Some 3,800 Before martial law was de- sures, but let the serious situation bottles of milk carried in a truck clared, the situation was becom- deteriorate, even greater disturb- of the Guanganmen Dairy Prod- ing more and more serious. Some ances would occur in the capital, ucts Plant were seized~ Near work units had prepared to ask the whole country would fall into Yongdingmen Railway Station, their leaders to "transfer their serious turmoil and the reforms some No. 54 buses were smashed. power." In some ministries of the and modernization drive would Six ruffians robbed some Hubei State Council, certain groups of fall apart. This, of course, is not province farmers on the highway government employees asked the what the 1.1 billion Chinese peo- between Fangshan county of the ministers to step down. Some peo- ple really want to see. Beijing Municipality and Li- ple distributed leaflets proclaim- angxiang, saying "We hear Beijing ing the establishment of a "Pre- Why Martial Law Is is in turmoil, and we are going to paratory Committee for an All- Necessary get some pocket money." During Circles Representative Congress Some people have asked, why the period of demonstrations, of Beijing" to replace the current was martial law imposed on May some ruffians went to the down- Beijing People's Congress, and 20, since the. fasting students at town areas of and calling for the setting up of a "Bei- Tiananmen had ended their hun- Qianmen, preparing to rob shops jing Regional Government" to ger strike on the evening of May and stores, but thanks to the ef- take the place of the present legal 19? Here, two points have to.be forts of staff members and police- municipal government. Some peo- clarified: men, they did not succeed. ple attacked the legally selected 1. The imposition of martial law What is more serious, the tur- State Council as a "bogus govern- on some sections of the capital moil spread from Beijing to other ment," spread rumours that Chi- was not just to solve the problem parts of the country, and disturb- na's Foreign Affairs Ministry and of some hunger-striking students, ances happened also in many oth- some 10 other ministries had de- but to end the turmoil, elimi- er cities. In some areas, attacks on clared their independence from nate the serious, anarchic situa- local government and Party com- the present State Council and that tion, restore normal order in Bei- mittee offices occurred one after more than 30 countries had bro- jing and prevent more serious tur- another. Beating, smashing, loot- ken diplomatic relations with bulence. ing, burning and other disruptive China. Some persons claimed that 2. The news that the State activities were carried out. Chi- "Deng Xiaoping has left power" Council had decided to impose na's transport network was bro- and that a "new government" martial law was leaked very ken for a period. Students in some would be founded in three days' quickly. So a small number of areas forced their way onto trains time. people immediately mobilized the to Beijing without tickets; some A few people organized some students to change the hunger

20 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 CHINA I

strike to a sit-in. This showed the dents and done more work among strike, temporary toilets were set tactics of the tiny minority. them, the situation might have up and street cleaners cleaned the Some people have also asked, been relaxed and there would site deep into the night. Before the why is it still necessary to enforce have been no need to impose mar- rains on May 18, the Municipal martial law in Beijing, since order tial law. Public Transport Company drove has basically been restored? In fact, as soon as the students' 78 buses and the Bureau of Goods First, for more than a month, hunger strike began at Tiananmen and Materials sent 400 thick under extremely difficult cir- Square, the Party and government wooden sheets to the Square to cumstances, the broad masses anxiously did their best. First, protect students from the down- of workers, farmers, commercial university staff and leading pour. people, teachers, medical workers, cadres at all levels and even some All this shows that the Party, cadres of street committees, Party Party and government leaders government and whole society and government office staff and went to see them again and again, cared for, cherished and took res- armed police and public security trying to persuade them to end the ponsibility for the fasting stu- personnel have remained at their strike. Second, the Party and gov- dents. It is not that the Party and posts, performed their duty and ernment helped the Red Cross So- government did not show concern made great contributions to en- ciety to send more than a hundred for the fasting students, but that a sure normal production and oper- ambulances and hundreds of med- tiny minority of people were using ations in the capital. Notably, af- ical workers to the hunger stri- the fasting students as hostages to ter the declaration of martial law kers, to be at their service day and force the government to accept and when enforcement troops • night. At the same time, nearly their political conditions. Subse- reached Beijing, people from all 2,000 beds in 52 hospitals were quent developments fully proved walks of life pooled their efforts made available to ensure that the this. to set things right• students who suffered from shock Some people think that the mar- However, it is also true that or diseases because of fasting tial law enforcement troops were social unrest in the capital had not could be treated and their lives sent in to "suppress the students really come to an end despite all saved. and the masses of people." This is a misunderstanding• these efforts. During the first two Third, the Party and govern- Since the declaration of mar- days after the declaration of mar- ment provided all kinds of goods tial law the enforcement troops, tial law, all street intersections and materials to lessen the suffer- armed police and public securi- were immediately blocked and ings of the hunger strikers and to ty personnel have been well- 227 buses were flagged down to be ensure their safety. The Beijing disciplined• They have shown used as road blockades• No mili- Municipal Party Committee and great restraint, and tolerance when tary vehicles were able to enter municipal government assigned they were misunderstood, and the city. The delivery of govern- cadres, workers and vehicles to even insulted and assaulted by ment documents also ran into dif- transport drinking water, salt and some of the masses. For nearly ten ficulty for some time. Parades, de- sugar day and night to the fasting days after the imposition of mar-" monstrations, protests and sit-ins students through the Red Cross. tial law, not a single student was which had received no prior ap- The Environmental Sanitation arrested. Rather, more than proval still occurred one after an- Bureau provided street sprinklers 60 soldiers of the enforcement other. The sites of the Party Cen- to carry water, washbasins and troops, hundreds of armed pol- tral Committee and State Coun- towels for the use of the fasting ice and public security personnel cil offices were surrounded by students. Pharmaceutical com- were wounded by assaults. They crowds. Speeches of incitement panies offered sufficient medi- have proved with their own deeds could be heard here and there in cines for prevention of heatstroke, that they are the people's own the streets. Leaflets containing tu- colds and diarrhea and asked the army, like sons and brothers to rnouts could be seen everywhere. Red Cross to give them to stu- them, serving the people heart Most institutions of higher learn- dents in need. Food departments and soul. They came to the capital ing have still not resumed classes. sent to the Square large numbers to enforce martial law, not to sup- A very few people were still plan- of drinks and bread for emergen- press the masses and the young ning secretly to struggle to the end cy use by the students. Commer- students. The martial law enforce- against the government• Thus it is cial departments supplied 6,000 ment troops, armed police and very clear that to end turmoil and straw hats and the Beijing Mil- public security personnel are now restore normal order in the capital itary Command offered a thou- winning the understanding of remained a very grave task. sand cotton quilts to the students more and more students and Some people think that if the for shelter from the sun during masses of people, and are warmly government had showed more the day and the cold at night. To cared for and supported by the warm concern for the fasting stu- help sanitation at the site of the masses. []

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 21 [e[ll II/11 ;t =fkl;t] I =1 ~ [t] =1

sense of the outside world. "I have only put a flash of my Chinese Expressionism: lifetime's inspirations on can- vas," says Yi while facing one Art's New Statement of his works. One of the two women artists ull eyes look out at you "Beneath the noisy and crowd- who had their art displayed at over their tightly-closed ed society is a hidden coldness the exhibition was Sun Min D lips. A repeat pattern of and insensitivity that expres- who exhibited around ten heads face out from their 2 sionist art shouts out in the paintings which combine West- metres by 1.8 metres canvas en- midst of." ern techniques into Chinese ink titled My Feelings About This Ma says that Feelings is and wash style. Era. aimed at waking people from It is the strong contrast of Feelings, by 27-year-old artist this numbing coldness. black and white, she told me, Ma Gang attracted the most at- Another artist, Yi Jianxiang that can most vividly express tention at a Beijing art exhibi- expressed his feelings towards her inner feelings of the current tion that brought together 10 the world with a series of bright period. Chinese expressionist painters coloured works. In his work Her work, Self-Split shows recently held at the Museum of Door he used the arrangement this best with its sketched black Chinese History. of bright colours; red and yel- twisting lines on white that con- "Our era lacks fervour, to say low patches over a deep blue veys her inner contradictions nothing of agitation," says Ma. background, reflects the artist's and struggle. Details of aMy Feedings About This Era." MA GANG All the exhibits were done by painters be- tween 25 and 35 years of age who are influen- tial in China's expres- sionist school. The artists all grad- uated from Beijing's Central Academy of Fine Arts or the Acade- my of Applied Arts. On display were the works of Li Di, Shi Benming, Wu Shaoxiang, Ma Lu, Yi Jianxiang, Xiao Li, Huang Jin, Sun Min, kJ [ Zhang Gaoshan and Ma Gang. These young pain- ters have brought new blood to Chinese ex- pressionism that went into a dormant period of about two years after its initial fast growth stage. The artists say that this exhibition is the re- sult of two years of ar- tistic probing and de- velopment. Chinese traditional

22 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 [~ll III Ill :t :Ik'~tl 1:1~ Jill :I

freehand brushwork can also be expressionistic art, they say, but rich contemporary expression- ist art carries this further and integrates the traditional an- cient Chinese outlook with modern industrial ideas. With social change, art has moved from a leisurely and carefree attitude to a point 6 where canvases echo a world crowded with people and noisy machinery conveyed through ~Sollloquy." SUN MIN

"Not Human" (second series). LID] restless brush in the West makes every effort strokes of strong to produce a kind of impact on colour. the viewer that places emphas- China's expres- is on maximizing the visual ef- sionists have drift- fect. ed into two trends. Li Di, the sponsor of this ex- One approach hibition, who had the largest combines feeling number of works on display, with colour that said that expressionism is the expresses a kind best way for artists to convey of philosophy and their feelings. state of mind A painting, says Li, should !i which evolves into a unique Chinese express one's innermost ii?:ii!i form of expres- thoughts in a deep and more sionism. This type refined language. Such art can of expressionism go without explanation. does not strive for "The appearance of this exhi- outward appear- bition presents a challenge to ances but rather our era, no matter how moder- attempts to reach ate that may be. an inner richness. "Its purpose is to create an The other area open world for the artists and it of Chinese ex- will help them to recover pressionism that their self-confidence," says Ma shares strong links Gang. to its counterpart by Zhang Zhiping

BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 23 Jell Jim Ill :t ::l'k-Ie( I =1 ~, (e(=:l

merit that they can only convey Cell Function Secrets Unlocked substances with 1,000 dalton of molecular weight. The discovery has been des- cribed as a breakthrough in the traditional theoretical stu- dy of protoplasm movements. Zhang also found this true since under normal condition the "channel" of protoplasm- ic connections between ceils would not increase in size to convey macromolecule subst- ances. But, he also discovered that during a certain period the channel obviously enlarged so that macromolecule subst- ances could pass through in order to meet the nutritional needs of plant growth. Zhang's study has also A micro-video camera reveals substances entering from one cell to another growing wheat endosperm. in a proved that the increase size of the cell "channel" usually cience has made a significant tion and nutrition that supports occurs during the time of rapid stride in adjusting and con- the plant's normal growth and tissue growth or deterioration. s trolling plant growth by re- reproduction. By that time, protoplasm, he search due to researcher Zhang With the hole diameter of the says, moves between cells in an active way of expanding and con- Weicheng in the Shanghai Plant protoplasmic connections being Physiology Research Institute tracting--a rapid movements by only 40-60 millimicron scientists under the Chinese Academy of minutes and seconds in terms of Sciences. around the world were in agree- time. [] According to some experts sev- eral strange pictures taken by China Premieres Film Festival Zhang has helped assist in the understanding of how an exter- hina's first film festival will forts to cater to China's diverse nal substance, macromolecules, be simultaneously held in audience. enter cells. c Beijing and Shenzhen be- Besides presenting the awards, By using modern photographic tween September 21 to 27. the Ministry of Radio, Film and techniques Zhang came up with The first Chinese film festival, Television is inviting film people the strange pictures showing the sponsored by the Ministry of Ra- from around the world to the growth of wheat endosperm tis- dio, Film and Television, is film festival. sue. aimed at getting film fans to see It is also exploiting the occa- The pictures show macromole- the advances in the Chinese sion to conduct a film market on cule substances, with their mole- cinema. the side. cular weight being tens of thou- More than 40 of China's best sands of dalton, moving from films produced over 1988 and Film people from Taiwan, one cell to another by means of 1989 will be shown to comme- Hong Kong and Macao are also protophasmic connection. morate the 40th anniversary of invited to enter their films in the Plant cells are divided by cell New China's founding. festival. wails into what appear to be iso- Festival participants will be Organizers believe the Chinese lated "islands." able to view the most influential Film Festival, to be held once It is the protoplasmic connec- and representative films that every two years, will eventually tions between the cells that prov- show why the film industry has become a grand competition on a ide the conveyance of informa- gained strong support in its ef- world scale. []

24 BEIJING REVIEW, JUNE 26-JULY 2, 1989 ART PAGE sculptures by Liu Wanqi I_iu Wanql has been engaged in popular art work [or a long time. Born in Xiniin County, S~chuan Province in 1935, Liu now works the Guizhou Provincial Studio of Popular Arc. His works express both the characteris'cics of folk arc and a distinct personal style.

Child Cwood sculpture).

Old Man Cbamboo-rool:sculpture). A Miner Cl~,C~-.to~acul#uro). '~{j,

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