FACT SHEET #1, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2013 NOVEMBER 6, 2012

SAHEL – FOOD INSECURITY AND COMPLEX EMERGENCY

KEY DEVELOPMENTS As of early November, food security conditions had upgraded to No Acute Food Insecurity—Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) 1—in most areas of the Sahel, due to widespread harvests, relative reductions in food prices, and increased income-generating opportunities for many farmers and pastoralists, according to the USAID-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). However, conditions remained Stressed— IPC 2—in areas of northern Mali, western Niger, and southern Mauritania, where large numbers of conflict-displaced individuals and already vulnerable local populations reside. These individuals will likely continue to require targeted humanitarian assistance through late 2012. A proposed military intervention in northern Mali has raised concerns among humanitarian actors of a likely increase in population displacement region-wide, a potential reduction in access to vulnerable populations, and a possible halt to humanitarian response activities. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Union, the interim Government of Mali, and other entities are reportedly working to ready an intervention plan for the U.N. Security Council by late November, according to international media sources. The Mali Protection Cluster—the coordinating body for humanitarian protection activities in the country—updated the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Mali in late October, revising the figure from nearly 119,000 to more than 203,000. The cluster noted that the increase reflects an improved estimate, not necessarily new displacement. The fluidity of IDP movements are constraining efforts to capture precise information on displacement patterns, and agencies continue collaborating to enhance coverage and verify IDP estimates. USAID’S Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) is providing an additional $45 million in U.S. food commodities to address ongoing emergency needs in the Sahel. While $30 million of the food aid will reach refugees and vulnerable drought-affected households in Chad, $15 million will support a U.N. World Food Program (WFP) regional emergency operation to benefit refugees and IDPs affected by the crisis in Mali.

HUMANITARIAN FUNDING PROVIDED IN FY 20131 USAID/FFP Assistance to the Sahel $45,000,000 Total USAID Assistance to the Sahel $45,000,000

HUMANITARIAN FUNDING PROVIDED IN FY 20121 USAID/OFDA2 Assistance to the Sahel $63,716,641 USAID/FFP Assistance to the Sahel $298,323,129 State/PRM3 Assistance to the Sahel $38,529,782 Total USAID and State Assistance to the Sahel $400,569,552

Context In 2012, an estimated 18.7 million people in the Sahel—comprising areas in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, The Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal—experienced food insecurity resulting from inadequate 2011 harvests. Beginning in January 2012, conflict in northern Mali complicated the situation by triggering massive displacement throughout the region, including to already food-insecure neighboring countries. In FY 2012, the U.S. Government (USG) responded to disaster declarations in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, The Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal. To date in FY 2013, the USG has reissued disaster declarations in Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali.

1 Year of funding indicates the date of commitment or obligation, not appropriation, of funds. 2 USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) 3 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM)

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Regional As of November 5, desert locusts continued to cluster in northeastern Chad and central Niger, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The situation is likely similar in northern Mali, although insecurity continues to hamper attempts to monitor locust conditions. FAO expects additional swarms to form in all three countries and migrate to Algeria, Libya, and Mauritania, as well as potentially Morocco and Western Sahara, in the coming weeks. While survey teams continue to monitor cropping areas in central Mali for signs of locust swarms, FAO and partners are undertaking control operations in Chad, Mauritania, and Niger to treat locust-infested areas. If left unabated, the locusts could destroy crops in affected parts of the Sahel. On October 9, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon appointed Romano Prodi, former Italian Prime Minister and President of the European Commission, as the Special Envoy for the Sahel. Special Envoy Prodi is working to finalize and implement the U.N. Integrated Regional Strategy for the Sahel in consultation with national officials and regional entities; to support national, regional, and international mediation efforts in the region; and to coordinate international engagement in support of national efforts to address the underlying causes of instability and vulnerability in the Sahel, with an initial focus on Mali. On October 2, David Gressly, the U.N. Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for the Sahel, met with USG representatives to discuss current humanitarian needs in the Sahel and information management in Mali. Participants included Assistant Administrator for USAID’s Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance Nancy Lindborg and Deputy Assistant Secretary for State/PRM Catherine Wiesner.

Chad According to FEWS NET, the food security situation in Chad’s most food-insecure regions has improved from Stressed to No Acute Food Insecurity due to the arrival of harvests following seasonal rains, in combination with significant food aid efforts in 2012. USAID/FFP is providing nearly 19,000 metric tons (MT) of U.S. food commodities, including sorghum, vegetable oil, and corn-soy blend plus, to WFP to assist vulnerable populations in Chad. The aid—valued at approximately $30 million—is supporting food distributions for Chadians at risk of food insecurity during the coming year and for refugees from neighboring countries who now reside in eastern and southern parts of the country. In FY 2012, USAID/FFP provided nearly $85 million to WFP in food assistance, which included U.S. food commodities, as well as support for WFP to procure food available at local and regional markets for distribution to populations in need.

Mali Estimates recently released by the Mali Protection Cluster indicated that approximately 121,000 IDPs were residing in southern Mali. The total included approximately 46,400 IDPs in Bamako city, 41,200 IDPs in Mopti Region, 19,300 IDPs in Segou Region, 8,300 IDPs in Sikasso Region, 3,300 IDPs in Koulikoro Region, and 2,800 IDPs in Kayes Region. An estimated total of 82,500 IDPs remained in the northern regions of Gao, Kidal, and Tombouctou. In early October, USAID/OFDA partner Oxfam/Great Britain (Oxfam/GB) completed a second round of voucher distributions to more than 2,500 vulnerable households in Kayes Region, southern Mali. Participants trade vouchers to obtain essential household items or cash from local merchants. In total, USAID/OFDA is providing nearly $2.7 million to support three partners in Kayes implementing agriculture and food security, livelihoods, and nutrition programs for the benefit of more than 20,000 people. USAID/OFDA partner, the Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED), is supporting more than 5,000 IDPs residing in Bamako through cash transfers via mobile banking. Cash transfers allow beneficiaries to purchase essential goods or pay rent, utility, or school fees, for example. With personal identification cards provided by ACTED, beneficiaries can redeem the funds sent to their phones at certain stores or transfer the money to family members in need residing in other regions of Mali. In addition to cash transfers, ACTED is providing relief items to IDPs and supporting community groups to improve sanitation conditions in Bamako. To assist refugees and IDPs affected by the conflict in Mali, USAID/FFP is providing an additional 9,300 MT of U.S. food commodities—valued at approximately $15 million—to a WFP regional emergency operation. The food, comprising vegetable oil, rice, yellow split peas, and corn-soy blend plus, will support WFP’s targeted food distributions and blanket and targeted supplementary feeding activities. In FY 2012, USAID/FFP provided more than $20 million to the operation, which aims to provide emergency food assistance to approximately 555,000 conflict-displaced individuals in Mali, as well as Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Niger.

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USAID HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE SAHEL PROVIDED IN FY 20131 Implementing Partner Activity Location Amount USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO CHAD2 WFP Title II Emergency Food Assistance Countrywide $30,000,000 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO CHAD IN FY 2013 $30,000,000

WEST AFRICA REGIONAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE Title II Emergency Food Assistance for the Regional Emergency Operation to WFP Regional $15,000,000 Assist Refugees and IDPs Affected by Insecurity in Mali TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO WEST AFRICA REGIONAL IN FY 2013 $15,000,000

TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE SAHEL IN FY 2013 TOTAL USAID/FFP FUNDING $45,000,000 TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE SAHEL IN FY 2013 $45,000,000

USAID AND STATE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE SAHEL PROVIDED IN FY 20121 Implementing Partner Activity Location Amount USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO3 Action Contre la Faim (ACF) Nutrition East Region $926,997 Africare Agriculture and Food Security Sahel Region $1,000,000

Catholic Relief Services Agriculture and Food Security; Economic North Region $1,332,329 (CRS) Recovery and Market Systems (ERMS)

Agriculture and Food Security; FAO Humanitarian Coordination and Countrywide $400,000 Information Management; Nutrition

Helen Keller International Agriculture and Food Security; Nutrition North Region $999,977 (HKI) Plan USA Nutrition Central North Region $423,530 Save the Children/U.S. Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS; Central North Region $992,867 (SC/US) Nutrition U.N. Children’s Fund Nutrition Countrywide $500,000 (UNICEF) TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO IN FY 2012 $6,575,700 USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO Title II Agriculture and Food Security; ACDI/VOCA4 Center North $5,836,200 Nutrition Title II Agriculture and Food Security; CRS Center North and East Regions $10,035,900 Nutrition Boucle de Mouhoun, Center North, WFP Title II Emergency Food Assistance Center West, East, North, and $6,832,600 Sahel Regions TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO IN FY 2012 $22,704,700

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STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO

Norwegian Refugee Council Gandafabou, Goudebou, Fererio Education; Health; Shelter $624,945 (NRC) Refugee Camps

Mentao, Gandafabou, Goudebou Plan International WASH $668,262 Refugee Camps

TOTAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO IN FY 2012 $1,293,207 TOTAL USAID AND STATE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA FASO IN FY 2012 $30,573,607

USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO CAMEROON UNICEF Nutrition; WASH Northern Cameroon $1,000,000 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO CAMEROON IN FY 2012 $1,000,000 USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO CAMEROON WFP Title II Emergency Food Assistance Far North Region $951,200 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO CAMEROON IN FY 2012 $951,200 TOTAL USAID HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO CAMEROON IN FY 2012 $1,951,200

USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO CHAD ACF Nutrition Bahr el Ghazal Region $991,474 Agriculture and Food Security; Natural ACTED Batha and Sila regions $1,100,000 and Technological Risks; WASH CRS Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS Ouaddaï and Wadi Fira Regions $624,664 FAO Agriculture and Food Security Countrywide $500,000

International Medical Corps Health; Nutrition Lac Region $600,000 (IMC)

International Organization Logistics and Relief Commodities Countrywide $50,000 for Migration (IOM)

International Rescue Health; Nutrition Guéra Region $951,473 Committee (IRC)

Merlin Health; Nutrition Hadjer-Lamis Region $1,292,474 U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Coordination and Eastern Chad $300,000 Humanitarian Affairs Information Management (OCHA) Première Urgence Agriculture and Food Security; Nutrition Ouaddaï Region $600,000

Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS; Solidarités Batha Region $914,333 Nutrition; WASH Batha, Bahr el Ghazal, Guéra, UNICEF Nutrition; WASH Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, and Lac $1,700,000 Regions World Concern Development Organization Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS Ouaddaï Region $547,001 (WCDO) WFP Humanitarian Air Service Countrywide $500,000 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO CHAD IN FY 2012 $10,671,419

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USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO CHAD ACTED Food Vouchers Sahelian Belt $2,767,228 Title II Agriculture and Food Security; Africare Countrywide $9,586,900 Nutrition CRS Food Vouchers Ouaddaï and Wadi Fira Regions $4,504,047 Title II Emergency Food Assistance; WFP Locally and Regionally Procured (LRP) Countrywide $84,848,800 Emergency Food Assistance TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO CHAD IN FY 2012 $101,706,975 TOTAL USAID HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO CHAD IN FY 2012 $112,378,394

USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO THE GAMBIA FAO Agriculture and Food Security Countrywide $500,000 FAWEGAM5 ERMS Countrywide $50,000 WFP ERMS Upper River Region $527,410 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO THE GAMBIA IN FY 2012 $1,077,410 TOTAL USAID HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE GAMBIA IN FY 2012 $1,077,410

USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO MALI

Action Against Hunger/U.S. ERMS Kayes Region $150,027 (AAH/USA)

Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS; ACDI/VOCA Mopti Region $1,044,819 Natural and Technological Risks

ERMS; Logistics and Relief Commodities; ACTED Bamako Capital District $1,248,809 WASH

Agriculture and Food Security; FAO Humanitarian Coordination and Countrywide $400,000 Information Management; Nutrition HKI Nutrition Koulikoro and Sikasso Regions $1,157,998

Humanitarian Coordination and OCHA Countrywide $1,000,000 Information Management

Oxfam/GB ERMS Kayes Region $1,503,666 SC/US Agriculture and Food Security; Nutrition Kayes Region $999,665 UNICEF Nutrition; WASH Countrywide $1,750,000 WFP Humanitarian Air Service Countrywide $500,000 World Vision ERMS; Natural and Technological Risks Koulikoro Region $1,260,211 Agriculture and Food Security; Health; Gao, Kidal, and Tombouctou Multiple partners Logistics and Relief Commodities; $3,668,899 Regions Protection; WASH TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO MALI IN FY 2012 $14,684,094 USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO MALI Title II Agriculture and Food Security; Africare Countrywide $1,596,000 Nutrition Title II Agriculture and Food Security; CRS Gao and Mopti Regions $3,366,200 Nutrition

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Food Vouchers; Title II Emergency Food CRS Mopti Region $5,897,623 Assistance

CRS Cash-For-Work Koulikoro Region $1,838,865

Cash Transfers; LRP Emergency Food Gao, Kayes, Koulikoro, Mopti, and WFP $5,000,000 Assistance Tombouctou Regions

WFP Title II Emergency Food Assistance Countrywide $12,534,000 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO MALI IN FY 2012 $30,232,688 TOTAL USAID HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO MALI IN FY 2012 $44,916,782

USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA AAH/USA ERMS; Nutrition Guidimaka Region $1,384,119 Counterpart International ERMS; WASH Assaba and Hodh El Gharbi Regions $524,089 (CPI) FAO Agriculture and Food Security Southern Mauritania $800,000

Humanitarian Coordination and OCHA Countrywide $500,000 Information Management

UNICEF Nutrition; WASH Countrywide $800,000 WFP Humanitarian Air Service Countrywide $750,000 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA IN FY 2012 $4,758,208 USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA Title II Agriculture and Food Security; Assaba, Gorgol, Guidimaka, and CPI $5,083,700 Nutrition Hodh El Gharbi Regions SC Cash-For-Work Brakna and Gorgol Regions $1,081,619

Assaba, Brakna, Gorgol, and WFP Cash Transfers $3,000,000 Guidhimakha Regions; Nouakchott

World Vision Food Vouchers Assaba Region $4,790,626 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA IN FY 2012 $13,955,945 STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA INTERSOS Child Protection, Education Mbera Camp $649,752 Lutheran World Relief Fuel/Firewood Program; Shelter; WASH Mbera Camp $412,849 (LWR) WFP Humanitarian Air Service Countrywide $250,000 TOTAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA IN FY 2012 $1,312,601 TOTAL USAID AND STATE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO MAURITANIA IN FY 2012 $20,026,754

USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO NIGER ACTED ERMS Tillabéri Region $594,935 Africare Agriculture and Food Security; Nutrition Agadez and Tahoua Regions $1,250,183 Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS; CLUSA6 Tahoua and Tillabéri Regions $998,664 Nutrition CRS Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS Tillabéri Region $1,492,959 FAO Agriculture and Food Security Countrywide $1,100,000 HKI Nutrition Diffa, Dosso, Zinder Regions $1,600,000

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Humedica Nutrition Tillabéri Region $631,498 LWR Agriculture and Food Security; Nutrition Tahoua Region $599,492

Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS; Mercy Corps Tillabéri Region $1,624,039 Natural and Technological Risks

Mercy Corps Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS Agadez Region $800,000

Humanitarian Coordination and OCHA Countrywide $350,000 Information Management

Oxfam/GB ERMS; Natural and Technological Risks Tahoua and Tillabéri Regions $1,200,000 Plan USA Nutrition Dosso and Tillaberi Regions $655,673 Première Urgence Health; Nutrition Niamey $600,000 SC/US ERMS; Nutrition Maradi and Zinder Regions $1,281,027 UNICEF Nutrition Countrywide $1,000,000 U.S. Embassy in Niamey Logistics and Relief Commodities Flood-Affected Areas $50,000

Vétérinaires Sans Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS Tillabéri Region $716,811 Frontières/Belgium (VSF)

WFP Humanitarian Air Service Countrywide $500,000 Program Support Costs Countrywide $2,000 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO NIGER IN FY 2012 $17,047,281 USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO NIGER Africare Cash-For-Work; Food-For-Work Tillabéri Region $3,999,153 Title II Agriculture and Food Security; CPI Diffa and Zinder Regions $6,365,200 Nutrition Title II Agriculture and Food Security; CRS Maradi and Zinder Regions $5,298,400 Nutrition Mercy Corps Cash Transfers Tillabéri Region $3,997,507 Title II Agriculture and Food Security; Mercy Corps Maradi and Zinder Regions $4,453,500 Nutrition Title II Agriculture and Food Security; SC/US Maradi Region $3,872,200 Nutrition Samaritan's Purse (SP) Food-For-Work Tillabéri Region $2,500,041

Cash Transfers; Local Procurement of UNICEF Tahoua Region; Countrywide $3,000,000 Nutritional Products Title II Emergency Food Assistance; WFP Cash Transfers; LRP Emergency Food Countrywide $69,423,300 Assistance; Cash-For-Work TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO NIGER IN FY 2012 $102,909,301 STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO NIGER

Health; Livelihoods; Protection; Shelter; Refugee Settlements in Tillabéri CRS $648,974 WASH Region Refugee Settlements in Tahoua Relief International Health; Hygiene; Livelihoods $675,000 Region TOTAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO NIGER IN FY 2012 $1,323,974 TOTAL USAID AND STATE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO NIGER IN FY 2012 $121,280,556

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USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO SENEGAL CECI7 Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS Matam and St. Louis Regions $401,105 Bakel, Kedougou, and Matam CLUSA ERMS $600,000 Regions CPI Agriculture and Food Security Matam Region $50,000 Agriculture and Food Security; ERMS; CRS Sédhiou and Ziguinchor Regions $972,891 Natural and Technological Risks CRS WASH Affected Areas $50,000 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO SENEGAL IN FY 2012 $2,073,996 USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO SENEGAL CRS Cash-For-Work Diourbel Region $2,432,520 WFP Title II Emergency Food Assistance Countrywide $2,856,800 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO SENEGAL IN FY 2012 $5,289,320 TOTAL USAID HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO SENEGAL IN FY 2012 $7,363,316

SAHEL REGIONAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE Humanitarian Coordination and AAH/USA Regional $99,215 Information Management FAO Agriculture and Food Security Regional $2,500,000 Humanitarian Coordination and IFRC8 Regional $527,825 Information Management Humanitarian Coordination and OCHA Regional $500,000 Information Management UNICEF Nutrition Regional $500,000 WFP Market Analysis and Vulnerability Studies Regional $199,000 WFP Nutrition Regional $300,000 WFP Logistics and Relief Commodities Regional $1,000,000 Program Support Costs Regional $202,493 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE TO SAHEL REGIONAL IN FY 2012 $5,828,533

WEST AFRICA REGIONAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE Title II Emergency Food Assistance for the Regional Emergency Operation to WFP Regional $20,573,000 Assist Refugees and IDPs Affected by Insecurity in Mali TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE TO WEST AFRICA REGIONAL IN FY 2012 $20,573,000

WEST AFRICA REGIONAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE9 ICRC Emergency Relief Supplies Mali, Niger $6,500,000 Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and UNHCR Refugee Assistance $27,000,000 Niger Education; Health; WASH Services for UNICEF Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Niger $1,100,000 Refugees

TOTAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE TO WEST AFRICA REGIONAL IN FY 2012 $34,600,000

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TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE SAHEL IN FY 2012 TOTAL USAID/OFDA FUNDING $63,716,641 TOTAL USAID/FFP FUNDING $298,323,129 TOTAL STATE/PRM FUNDING $38,529,782 TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE SAHEL IN FY 2012 $400,569,552 1Year of funding indicates the date of commitment or obligation, not appropriation, of funds. 2USAID/FFP funding reflects the estimated value of direct food assistance. 3USAID/OFDA funding represents committed or anticipated amounts as of September 30, 2012. 4Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Cooperative Assistance (ACDI/VOCA) 5Forum for African Women Educationalist Gambia Chapter (FAWEGAM) 6The National Cooperative Business Association’s Cooperative League of the United States of America (CLUSA) 7Center for International Studies and Cooperation (CECI) 8International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) 9State/PRM funding reflects only protection and humanitarian assistance for individuals in the region affected by the conflict in Mali. It does not include other State/PRM assistance provided to refugees, conflict-affected people, and returning migrants across the rest of West Africa.

PUBLIC DONATION INFORMATION The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash contributions to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for response efforts in the Sahel can be found at www.interaction.org. USAID encourages cash donations because they allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as transportation routes, staff time, and warehouse space); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; and ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance. More information can be found at: The Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or +1.202.821.1999. Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.int.

USAID/OFDA bulletins appear on the USAID website at http://transition.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/

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