Table of Artificial Satellites Launched Between 1 January and 31 December 1969

Home , Heliocentric orbit

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This list of artificial satellites launched in 1969 was prepared from information provided by telecommunication administrations, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the International Frequency Regis tration Board (IFRB), one of the four permanent organs of the ITU, and from details published in the special ized press. For decayed satellites the data concerning the orbit parameters are those immediately after launch ing. For the others, still in orbit, the orbit parameters are those reported on 31 December 1969 by GSFC. Fragments or stages of rockets left over from launching operations and placed in orbit with the various space craft have not been included.

TELECOMMUNICATION JOURNAL - VOL. 37 - IV/1970

Frequencies Code name International Perigee Period C o u n try Date Transmitter Observations Description num ber Apogee Inclination po w e r

Venera-5 1969-1-A USSR 5 Jan. heliocentric o rb it 922.763 MHz Interplanetary station. Carried a 1130 kg; scientific capsule which separated he ig ht: from the spacecraft and landed on approx. 3 m ; 16 May 1969 on the dark side of d iam eter: Venus. During descent it trans approx. 1 m ; mitted information about the tw o main chemical composition, pressure, sections: density and temperature of the a cylindrical planet’s atmosphere. Two solar command panels module and a nearly spherical scie n tific capsule (404.5 kg)

Venera-6 1969-2-A USSR 10 Jan. heliocentric o rb it 922.763 MHz Interplanetary station. Carried a similar to scientific capsule which separated Venera-5 from the spacecraft and landed on 17 May 1969 on the dark side of Venus. During descent it trans mitted information about the chemical composition, pressure, density and temperature of the planet’s atmosphere. Two solar panels

Cosmos-263 1969-3-A USSR 12 Jan. 205 km 89.8 min 19.995 M Hz Carried scientific apparatus, radio 346 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radio tele metry system. Decayed on 20 Ja nuary 1969

Soyuz-4 1969-4-A USSR 14 Jan. 213 km 88.8 min 20.008 MHz Spaceship piloted by cosmonaut 227 km 51.7° Vladimir Shatalov. Rendezvoused A p p ro x . 6400 kg; w ith S o yu z-5 on 16 January. Landed 17 January 1969. Two solar panels three-part space s h ip : tw o spherical habitable modules (orbital compartment and command m odule) connected in tandem to cylin drical service m odule

Soyuz-5 1969-5-A USSR 15 Jan. 196 km 88.6 min 15.008 M Hz Spaceship crewed by three cosmo similar to 212 km 51.7° nauts: B. Volynov, A. Yeliseyev, Soyuz-4 Y. Khrunov. S o yu z-4 and 5 were b ro u g h t to g e th e r on 16 January and Khrunov and Yeliseyev transferred to S o yu z-4 . Landed 18 January 1969. Two solar panels

OSO-V 1969-6-A U nited 22 Jan. 528 km 95.4 min Tracking beacon: Orbiting Solar Observatory; mea 291 kg; States 550 km 32.9° 136.29 MHz sures the frequency and energy of he ig h t: 95 c m ; 500 m W solar emissions. 2016 solar cells base s e c tio n : nine-sided spinning wheel; d ia m e te r: 112 cm, joined to fan-shaped sail section

N o name 1969-7-A U nited 22 Jan. 148 km 96.9 min Decayed on 3 February 1969 States 1082 km 106.1°

1 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e riod C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

C osm os-264 1969-8-A USSR 23 Jan. 219 km 89.7 m in 19.150 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 330 km 70.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radio tele metry system. Decayed on 5 Feb ru a ry 1969

ISIS-A 1969-9-A Canada 30 Jan. 580 km 128.3 m in D a ta : International Satellite for Iono 3521 km 88.4° 401.75 MHz spheric Studies (ISIS); 11 136 solar 239 kg ; 136.08 MHz cells spheroid shape; 4 W d ia m e te r: 136.59 MHz 127 c m ; 2 W height: 107 cm ; Radio beacon: two extendable 137.95 MHz ante nn a e 73 m 136.41 MHz and 19 m long 60 m W

N o nam e 1969-10 -A U n ite d 5 Feb. 146 km 88.7 m in Decayed on 24 February 1969 States 282 km 81.5°

N o nam e 1969-10-B U n ite d 5 Feb. 1398 km 114.1 m in States 1437 km 80.3°

In te ls a t-Ill F-3 1969-11-A U n ite d 6 Feb. 35 767 km 1435.9 min Reception: INTELSAT commercial telecommu States 35 798 km 0.8° 6042.5; nication satellite: 1200 two-way 287 kg cylinder; 6307.5 M H z voice channels or four television height: 104 cm; T ransmission: channels; in geostationary orbit d ia m e te r: 3817.5; above Atlantic Ocean at 6° W longi 142 cm 4082.5 MHz tude. Solar cells 12 W Telemetry and tr a c k in g : 3967 M H z ; 0.45 W

C osm os-265 1969-12 -A USSR 7 Feb. 283 km 91.9 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 485 km 71.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 1 May 1969

Tacsat-I 1969-13 -A U n ite d 9 Feb. 35 772 km 1436.2 min 225 to 400 MHz Governmental telecommunications States 35 804 km 0.3° band and 7 to satellite (TACtical communications 726 kg cylinder; 8 G H z band SATellite). Capacity comparable to height: 7.62 m ; 10 000 two-way telephone channels; d ia m e te r: upper despun portion contains a 2.75 m ; biconical horn for telemetry and despun upper command, tw o microwave horns and portion con five helical antennas for experi taining large mental reception by mobile light sized antenna weight surface and airborne term i arrays and nals having antennas as small as spinning right; 30 cm in diameter; cylindrical lower circular cylin portion covered by 60 000 solar drical lower cells portion covered w ith solar cells

M a rin e r-V I 1969-14 -A U n ite d 25 Feb. heliocentric a r b it Tracking signal Studies surface and atmosphere of States and data trans 413 k g ; Mars. Carried two television came span: 579 cm mitted continu ras, infrared and ultraviolet spectro o u s ly on w ith solar meters. Four solar panels. On panels extended; 2296.851852 31 July 1969 crossed the orbit of height: 46 cm : M H z, 10 W Mars within 3400 km, took 75 335 cm to top photos of the planet o f ante nn a

C osm os-266 1969-15 -A USSR 25 Feb. 208 km 89.9 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 358 km 72.9° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 5 March 1969

2 Frequencies C o d e nam e International Perigee P e rio d C o u n tr y D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

ESSA-9 1969-16 -A U n ite d 26 Feb. 1423 km 115.2 m in Data transm it Meteorological satellite. Has two States 1506 km 101.8° ted on command 155 k g ; AVCS cameras and circuits for on 1697.5 MHz, magnetic tape recording and tele nearly cylindrical 4 W vision transmission. Gathers infor satellite; Tracking beacon: mation on the earth’s heat balance. height: 57 cm ; 136.77 MHz Solar cells d ia m e te r: 250 m W 107 cm

C osm os-267 1969-17 -A USSR 26 Feb. 210 km 89.9 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 346 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 6 March 1969

A p o llo -9 1969-18 -A U n ite d 3 M arch 176 km 90 m in Data trans Three-man spacecraft; astronauts States 462 km 33.5° m itte d on J. M . M c D iv itt, D . R. S c o tt, R. L. 3848 k g ; command from com m and Schweickart. Objectives: to perform co m m an d m o d u le , simulated translunar insertion, service module command service module sepa service module, on 2272.5 MHz; ration, transposition and docking lunar module, from lunar w ith the lunar module. Batteries and lunar module m o d u le on fuel cells. Landed on 13 March 1969 a d a p te r; 2282.5 MHz, diameter: 390 in the Atlantic, 180 nautical miles 2.5 to 18 W east of the Bahamas to 660 cm ; total height: 29 m

N o nam e 1969-19 -A U n ite d 4 M arch 118 km 90.2 m in Decayed on 18 March 1969 S tates 454 km 92.0°

C osm os-268 1969-20-A USSR 5 M arch 201 km 99.4 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 1263 km 48.3° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radio telem etry system

C osm os-269 1969-21-A USSR 5 M arch 517 km 95.0 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 527 km 74.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radio telem etry system

C osm os-270 1 969-22-A USSR 6 M arch 205 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 350 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 14 M a rch 1969

Cosm os-271 1969-23-A USSR 15 M arch 200 km 89.7 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 342 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m e try syste m . D ecayed on 23 M arch 1969

C osm os-272 1969 -2 4 -A USSR 17 M arch 1181 km 109.3 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 1210 km 74.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system

O V 1 -1 7 1 969-25-A U n ite d 18 M arch 318 km 91.1 m in 12 experiments including horizon States 350 km 99.1° day glow and night glow, solar X-ray 141 kg c y lin d e r; measurements, particle measure height: 0.80 m ; ments, electric fields measurements, d ia m e te r: extremely low frequency propa 0.67 m ; gation, thermal control coatings, multifaced solar meteor trail calibration beacon. A panel domes on pane of 14 cadmium sulfide solar each end; gravity cells to evaluate performance of gradient stabili CdS cells. Solar cells. Partly success zation system fu l consisting of 3 horizontal booms 15.2 m long form ing a “ Y” and 2 ver tical booms 12.8 m long

3 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e riod C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

O V 1 -1 8 1969-25-B U n ite d 18 M arch 454 km 94.6 m in 16 experiments to gather infor States 548 km 98.8° mation on horizontal ion density 125 kg, gradients, electric fields, gamma similar to rays, and radio frequency interfer O V 1 -1 7 ence, large, disk-shaped RFI an tenna. Solar cells. Partly successful

O V 1 -1 9 1969-25-C U n ite d 18 M arch 467 km 153.5 m in 7 experiments studying trapped States 5774 km 104.6° radiation and 5 more studying 124 kg, basic radiation hazards. Solar cells OV1-17 satellite but spin sta b iliz e d

O V 1 -1 7 A 1969-25-D U n ite d 18 M arch 172 km 89.8 m in 8.9825 MHz A ls o k n o w n as Orbis-Cal 2 because States 375 km 99.0° 13.2525 MHz housed a propagation experiment 221 k g ; p ro 2 W to be monitored by several ground pulsion module stations to study unusual trans of OV1-17; mission of radio waves through the payload enclosed ionosphere. Batteries. Decayed on between forward 24 March 1969 end of active rocket motor and satellite attachment flange; spin stabilized; t w o 6.4 m transmitting antenna beacons; one 6.4 m inertia boom

N o nam e 1969-26-A U n ite d 19 M arch 165 km 86.6 m in Decayed on 24 March 1969 States 252 km 82.9°

N o nam e 1969-26-B U n ite d 19 M arch 480 km 94.2 m in States 491 km 83.0°

C osm os-273 1969-27-A USSR 22 M arch 205 km 89.9 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 356 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 30 M a rch 1969

C osm os-274 1969-28-A USSR 24 M arch 213 km 89.6 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 323 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 1 April 1969

M e te o r-1 1969-29-A USSR 26 M arch 632 km 97.8 m in Carries meteorological apparatus, 681 km 81.2° radio system for precise measure ments of orbital elements and radio telem etry system, photographic and radiation measuring equipment

Mariner-VII 1969-30-A U n ite d 27 M arch heliocentric u r b it Tracking signal Studied surface and atmosphere of S tates and data Mars. Carries tw o television came 413 kg ; transmitted ras, infrared and ultraviolet spectro span; 579 cm continuously on meters. Four solar panels. On 5 w ith solar 2297. 2205 MHz August 1969, crossed the orbit of panels extended; a t 10 W Mars within 3500 km, took 126 height: 46 cm, photos of the planet 335 cm to top o f a nte nn a

C osm os-275 1969-31-A USSR 28 M arch 235 km 91.1 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 425 km 70.9° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system

4 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

C osm os-276 1 96 9 -3 2-A USSR 4 A p r il 214 km 90.4 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 410 km 81.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 11 A p r il 1969

C osm os-277 1 96 9 -3 3-A USSR 4 A p r il 280 km 92 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 494 km 71.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 17 April 1969

C osm os-278 1 96 9 -3 4-A USSR 9 A p r il 203 km 89.7 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 338 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 6 July 1969

11th Molnya-1 1 969-35-A USSR 11 A p r il 894 km 717.3 m in T ransm itting: Carries apparatus for transmitting 39 440 km 65.2° 800 MHz band television programmes and multi 40 W channel radio communication, appa R e c e iv in g : ratus of the command measuring 1000 MHz band complex, orientation system, orbit correction system and power sup plies. Six solar panels

N o nam e 1 969-36-A U n ite d 13 A p r il current elerr ents States not maintain ed

N im b u s -3 1 969-37-A U n ite d 14 A p r il 1072 km 107.2 m in Tracking bea Meteorological satellite. Carries 7 S tates 1133 km 99.9° cons transm it experiments including apparatus to 576 kg ; continuously on measure infrared and ultraviolet butterfly shaped 136.500 MHz radiation, image dissector camera, spacecraft; 300 m W and an interrogation recording and 254 cm tall, A P T on location system. 2 solar paddles; 279 cm wide 136.950 MHz twin nuclear isotopic electrical w it h a 127 cm 5 W , 401.500 and generating system SNAP-19 (S ystem diameter ring 466.000 MHz. for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) hou sin g Stored data experiments transmitted on and electronic co m m an d on e q u ip m e n t 1702.500 MHz. Multiplex fre quencies at 2 W

EGRS-13 1969-37-B U n ite d 14 A p r il 1072 km 107.2 m in 136.800 MHz Continued geodetic position-de- States 1133 km 99.9° termination measurements, con 20 k g ; centrating on completing accurate rectangular measurements of distances and package 22 X locations of islands in the Pacific 28 X 33 cm ; begun w ith previous EGRS satellites. 8 antennas K n o w n also as SECOR-13 (SEquential e x te n d e d COllation of Range). Covered by from sides, solar cells one from top

C osm os-279 1 96 9 -3 8-A USSR 15 A p r il 194 km 89.1 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 280 km 51.8° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 23 A p r il 1969

N o nam e 1 96 9 -3 9-A U n ite d 15 A p r il 127 km 89.9 m in Decayed on 30 A pril 1969 States 471 km 108.7°

C osm os-280 196 9 -4 0-A USSR 23 A p r il 206 km 89.1 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 272 km 51.6° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 6 May 1969

5 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e riod C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

N o nam e 1969-41-A U n ite d 2 May 178 km 89.5 m in Decayed on 23 May 1969 States 322 km 64.9°

N o nam e 1969-41-B U n ite d 2 May 331 km 91.4 m in States 361 km 65.7°

Cosm os-281 1969-42-A USSR 13 M ay 194 km 89.4 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 317 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 21 May 1969

A p o llo -1 0 1969-43-A U n ite d 18 May earth-moon trajectory, Tracking beacon Three-man spacecraft; astronauts lunar orbits m o o n - transmits con T. P. Stafford (commander), J. W. 44 676 k g ; States earth trajec o ry tinuously on Young (command module pilot), com m and 5765 MHz at E. A. Cernan (lunar module pilot). m o d u le , 400 W Objectives: to demonstrate crew/ service module, Data trans space vehicle/mission support faci lunar module, m itte d on lity performance during a manned spacecraft command from lunar mission with command service lunar module command mo module and lunar module, and to a d a p te r; dule on 2287.5 evaluate command module perfor diameter: 390 MHz 374 mW mance in the cis-lunar and lunar to 660 cm; and 2272.5 MHz environment. Lunar module with total height: 138 m W two astronauts descended to within 29 m Data trans 15 km of the lunar surface. Com mitted on com mand module landed on 26 May 1969 mand from lunar in the Pacific east of Pago Pago after m o d u le on a 168-hour trip including 61.6 2282.5 MHz hours in lunar orbit 1 .5 W

C osm os-282 1969-44-A USSR 20 May 209 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 343 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 28 May 1969

Intelsat-Ill F-4 1 969-45-A U n ite 3 22 May 35 764 km 1436.1 m in R e c e p tio n : INTELSAT commercial telecommu 35 810 km 0.5° 6042.5 nication satellite. 1200 two-way 278 kg cylinder; States 6307.5 M H z voice channels or four television height: 104 cm ; T ransmission: channels in geostationary orbit d ia m e te r: 3817.5 above the Pacific Ocean at 176° E 142 cm 4082.5 MHz longitude. Solar cells 12 W Telemetry and tra c k in g : 3967 M H z 0.45 W

OV5-5 (ERS 29) 1969-46-A U n ite d 23 M ay 17 446 km 3120.0 min 136.650 MHz VLF plasma-wave detector, magne States 111 255 km 33.2° tometer, attitude sensor, 7 particle 11.3 kg ; octahedron spin- detectors, 30 different experiment stabilized measurements. 888 solar cells s a te llite 30.5 cm per side; magneto meter mounted on rigid boom away from basic structure; a 53.4 cm d e p lo y e d V LF lo o p a nte nn a , 3 music-wire antennas

6 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e rio d C o u n tr y D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

O V 5 -6 1969-46-B U n ite d 23 M ay 17 435 km 3114.9 min 136.380 MHz Solar flare m onitor S tates 111 114 km 33.2° 10.4 k g ; tetrahedron shaped satellite w ith 4 tape- m easure antennas and 4 m usic- wire antennas

O V 5 -9 1969-46-C U n ite d 23 M ay 17 412 km 3114.9 min 136.530 MHz 6 experiments. One ceased function States 111 137 km 33.1° 17 W ing after two months. Low-energy 13.1 kg ; proton detectors, VLF radiation m o d ifie d detector, solar X-ray m onitor, solar tetrahed ron- flare electron detector. 1272 solar shaped satellite cells to include 7.6 cm mid-section, one tape-measure antenna and 3 music-wire antennas

V E L A -9 1969-46-D U n ite d 23 M ay a p p ro x . a p p ro x . transm itter Carries 28 detectors designed to 100 000 km 6700 m in . operating at monitor X-rays, gamma rays, neu 347 kg at launch S tates c irc u la r 32.8° 4 W during trons, electromagnetic pulse and air 259 kg in orbit; o r b it acquisition and fluorescence. Nuclear detection sys 26 sided, injection into tem for detection and identification 127 cm diam eter orbit and 0.5 W of nuclear detonations in space. In s a te llite ; after earth orbit, 180° apart from VELA-10 so 4stub telemetry orientation as to monitor both sides of the antenna arrays earth continuously. 22 500 solar at opposite ends cells cover 24 faces of the satellite and 8 whip antennas

V E L A -1 0 1969-46-E U n ite d 23 May a p p ro x . a p p ro x . similar to Similar to VELA-9 States 100 000 6700 m in V E L A -9 similar to km circular 32.8° V E L A -9 o r b it

C osm os-283 1 969-47-A USSR 27 M ay 153 km 102.1 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 210 km 82.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 10 December 1969

C osm os-284 19 69 -4 8 -A USSR 29 May 207 km 89.5 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 308 km 51.8° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 6 June 1969

C osm os-285 19 69 -4 9 -A USSR 3 June 279 km 92.2 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 518 km 71.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 7 Octo b e r 1969

N o nam e 1 969-50-A U n ite d 3 June 130 km 89.7 m in Decayed on 14 June 1969 States 399 km 109.9°

O G O 6 1969-51-A U n ite d 5 June 398 km 99.3 m in Data trans O rbiting Geophysical Observatory. States 1063 km 81.9° mitted on com Designed to investigate the earth’s 632 k g ; m and on upper atmosphere and ionosphere, rectangular 400.250 MHz at the auroral regions surrounding the shaped space 4 W and poles and the edges of the regions c ra ft; 400.850 MHz at of trapped radiation. 33 000 solar length; 180 cm ; 500 m W cells on tw o panels; 2 Ni/Cd storage w idth: 90 cm ; Tracking beacon batteries. 23 of 25 experiments depth: 90 cm ; transmits con functioning two experi tinuously on mental booms 136.200 MHz at 6.7 m long, 100 m W and four 1.2 m b o o m s

7 Frequencies C o d e nam e International Perigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

C osm os-286 1969-52-A USSR 15 June 206 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 349 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 23 June 1969

Explorer-41 1959-53-A U n ite d 21 June 1208 km 4842.8 min Data trans Interplanetary M onitoring Platform. (IM P -7) States 175 672 km 82.8° mitted contin Carries experiments to investigate u ou sly on particles, magnetic fields, plasma and 79 k g ; 136.080 MHz cosmic dust in interplanetary space. octagonal space a t 4 W Four solar panels c ra ft; height: 25 cm; d ia m e te r: 71 cm

C osm os-287 1969-54-A USSR 24 June 190 km 89 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 268 km 51.8° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 2 July 1969

C osm os-288 1969-55-A USSR 27 June 201 km 89.2 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 281 km 51.8° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 5 July 1969

Biosatellite-3 1969-S6-A U n ite d 29 June 266 km 90.0 m in Data transm itted Biological research spacecraft pro States 282 km 33.5° on command vided w ith a recoverable capsule and 697 k g ; on 136.68 MHz designed to study the effects of adapter section, a t 2 W weightlessness on the mental, emo re -e n try Tracking beacon tional and physiological process of a vehicle, experi transmits con primate (pigtail monkey). Experi mental capsule; tinuously on ments gather wave patterns from total height: 136.05 MHz at the brain, records of heart action and 213 cm 100 m W respiration, measurements at four points in the circulatory system, urinary measurements and reactions to tw o behaviour tasks. Fuel cell and Ag/Zn storage batteries. The capsule landed on 7 July 1969, monkey died the following day

C osm os-289 1969-57-A USSR 10 July 200 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 350 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 15 July 1969

L un a -1 5 1969-58-A USSR 13 July e a rth -m o o n :ra je c to ry Put into orbit around the moon on 17 July 1969. Impacted the moon on 21 July 1969. Investigation of moon and circumlunar space

A p o llo -1 1 1969-59-A U n ite d 16 July earth-moon :rajectory Tracking beacon Three-man spacecraft, astronauts first manned landing on 44 676 k g ; States transmits con Neil A. Armstrong (commander), the moon’s s urface, tinuously on Michael Collins (command module com m and m o o n -e a rth ira je c to ry m o d u le , 5765 MHz at pilot), Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. (lunar service module, 400 W module pilot). On 20 July 1969 lunar module lunar module landed on the moon spacecraft, Data trans (Sea of Tranquillity). Arm strong and m itte d on lunar module Aldrin gathered up surface material, a d a p te r; command from took photographs and left an expe- command mo diameter: 390 rim ents package on the surface. Tele to 660 cm ; dule on 2287.5 vision pictures were transmitted total height: MHz 374 mW during the mission. Lunar module 29 m and 2272.5 MHz left moon’s surface on 21 July 1969, 138 m W 21.3 hours after lunar landing,

8 Frequencies C o d e nam e International Perigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

Lunar Module 1969-59-C selenocentric o r b it Data trans rendezvoused with the command mitted on com module which was in circumlunar mand from lunar orbit. Command module returned m o d u le on to earth and landed on 24 July in 2282.5 M H z the Pacific Ocean after a 195.3 hours 1.5 W trip. Batteries and fuel cells

C osm os-290 1969-60-A USSR 22 July 200 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 352 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 30 July 1969

12th Molnya-1 1969-61-A USSR 22 July 544 km 717.7 m in Transmission: Carries apparatus for transmitting 39 811 km 64.9° 800 MHz band television programmes and multi R e c e p tio n : channel radio communication, appa 1000 MHz band ratus of the command measuring complex, orientation system, orbit correction system and power sup plies. Six solar panels

N o nam e 19 69 -6 2 -A U n ite d 23 July 786 km 101.3 m in S tates 857 km 98.8°

N o nam e 1969-63-A U n ite d 24 July 178 km 88.4 m in Decayed on 23 August 1969 States 219 km 74.9°

In te ls a t-Ill F-5 1969-64-A U n ite d 26 July 268 km 145.7 m in INTELSAT commercial telecommu States 5322 km 278 kg cylinder; 30.3° nication satellite. 1200 two-way voice height: 104 cm ; channels or 4 television channels. d ia m e te r: Did not achieve its programmed 142 cm geostationary orbit over the Atlan tic Ocean after launch from Cape Kennedy. Solar cells

N o nam e 1969 -6 5 -A U n ite d 31 Ju ly 455 km 94.4 m in States 531 km 75.0°

C osm os-291 1969-66-A USSR 6 A u g . 153 km 91.5 m in Carried scientific apparatus. De 574 km 62.2° cayed on 8 September 1969

Z o n d -7 1969-67-A USSR 7 A u g . barycentric :>rbit Automatic station. Main objectives were investigations of moon and a p p ro x . circumlunar space, testing of on 5000 kg board systems and units. Took photos of the earth and the moon. Landed near Kustanay (Kazakhstan, USSR) on 14 August 1969. Two solar panels

O S O -6 1969-68-A U n ite d 9 A u g . 489 km 95.0 m in Tracking tele O rbiting Solar Observatory. Carries States 550 km 32.9° metry trans seven experiments for monitoring 290 kg spin mits conti the solar disk. Solar cells stabilized nuously on satellite. Base 136.710 MHz at s e c tio n : 9 sided 540 m W wheel, 112 cm D ata tra n s m itte d diameter, w ith on command three arms via the tele carrying spin metry trans c o n tro l gas m it t e r supply. Top section with p o in tin g instrumentation

P A C -A 1969-68-B U n ite d 9 A u g . 481 km 94.9 m in T e le m e try Package Attitude Control system. 545 km 32.9° beacon Objective is to flight-test a long 120 kg States tra n s m its life, lower-power three axis earth continuously stabilized control system on 136.320 MHz a t 250 m W

9 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

A TS -5 1969-69-A U n ite d 12 A ug. 35 777 km 1435.9 min Telemetry data Applications Technology Satellite. States 35 790 km 2.5° transmitted on Geostationary orbit. Carries six W eight at lift 136.470 MHz experiments. 22 000 n on p radia off: 862 kg; and 137.350 tion resistant silicon solar cells. cylindrical MHz at 2W ; Satellite was tumbling in orbit and satellite; 4119.599 MHz also incorrectly positioned over the height: 180 cm ; and 4135.957 Indian Ocean, instead of at a point d ia m e te r: M H z a t 8 W 1000 km west of Quito, Ecuador 150 cm

C osm os-292 1969-70-A USSR 13 A u g . 745 km 99.9 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 765 km 74.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system

C osm os-293 1969-71-A USSR 16 A u g . 208 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 270 km 51.8° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 28 August 1969

C osm os-294 1 969-72-A USSR 19 A u g . 202 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 348 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 27 August 1969

C osm os-295 1969-73-A USSR 22 A u g . 282 km 92 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 500 km 71.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system. Decayed on 1 Decem b e r 1969

N o nam e 1969-74-A U n ite d 23 A u g . 117 km 89.7 m in Decayed on 7 September 1969 States 405 km 108.0°

C osm os-296 1969-75-A USSR 29 A u g . 211 km 89.6 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 322 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 6 Sep tember 1969

C osm os-297 1969-76-A USSR 2 Sept. 211 km 89.7 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 334 km 72.8° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radio telemetry system. Decayed on 10 September 1969

C osm os-298 1969-77-A USSR 15 S ept. 140 km Carried scientific apparatus. De 140 km 50.0° cayed on 15 September 1969

C osm os-299 1969-78-A USSR 18 S ept. 214 km 89.5 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 311 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele- metry system. Decayed on 22 September 1969

N o nam e 1969-79-A U n ite d 22 S ept. 177 km 88.7 m in Decayed on 12 October 1969 States 253 km 85.0°

N o nam e 1969-79-B U n ite d 22 S ept. 479 km 94.2 m in States 487 km 85.1°

C osm os-300 1969-80-A USSR 23 S ept. 190 km 88.24 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 208 km 51.5° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radio telemetry system. Decayed on 27 September 1969

10 Frequencies C o d e nam e International Perigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

C osm os-301 1969-81-A USSR 24 Sept. 197 km 89.4 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 807 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system. Decayed on 2 October 1969

N o nam e 1969-82-A U n ite d 30 S ept. 431 km 93.5 m in S tates 470 km 69.6°

N o nam e 1969-82-B U n ite d 30 S ept. current elerrle n ts States not maintain ed

Boreas 1969-83-A E u ro p e 1 O c t. 305 km 90.6 m in Telemetry: European Space Research Orga (Esro-1 B) 392 km 85.1° 136.170 MHz nization (ESRO) satellite. Carried 0.2W continuous 8 experiments to study ionosphe 85 kg cylinder; 136.950 MHz ric and aurora phenomena parti height: 93 cm ; 1 .2 W on cularly over the northern polar d ia m e te r: c o m m an d . regions. Stabilized along earth’s 76 cm Control in magnetic field lines; no spin. Solar flig h t: cells. Decayed on 23 November 148.25 M H z 1969

M e te o r-2 19 69 -8 4 -A USSR 6 O c t. 622 km 97.6 m in Carries meteorological apparatus, 672 km 81.2° television cameras, radio-system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotelem etry system

S oyuz-6 1969-85-A USSR 11 O c t. 186 km 88.36 m in Two-man spacecraft: commander G. 223 km 51.7° Shonin; flight engineer V. Kubasov. approx.6400 kg; Carried apparatus to test various three-part methods of welding metals in con spaceship: tw o ditions of deep vacuum and weight s p h e rica l lessness; photographed geological h a b ita b le and geographical features of the m o du le s earth; investigated the atmosphere (orbital com and near-earth outer space, and the partment and effect of space flight on the human c om m and organism. Landed on 16 O ctoberl 969 m o d u le ) near Akmolinsk. Two solar panels connected in ta n d e m to cylindrical service module

S oyuz-7 1 969-86-A USSR 12 O c t. 207 km 88.6 m in Three-man spacecraft: commander 226 km 51.7° A. Filipchenko; flight engineer V. similar to Volkov; research engineer V. Gor- Soyuz-6 batko. Mission included manoeuv ring in orbit, joint navigation obser vations of spaceships Soyuz-6 and Soyuz-7 in group flight, observation of celestial bodies and the horizon of the earth and determination of the real luminosity of stars. Landed on 17 October 1969 155 km north west of Karaganda. Two solar panels

Soyuz-8 1969-87-A USSR 13 O c t. 205 km 88.6 m in Two-man spacecraft: commander V. 228 km 51.7° Shatalov; flight engineer A. Yeli similar to seyev. Carried out scientific studies S oyuz-6 in near-terrestrial space; testing of system of controlling a simultaneous group flight of three space ships. Landed on 18 October 1969 150 km north of Karaganda. Two solar panels. Soyuz-6, 7, 8 experimented a 5-channel VHF/UHF transmission- system with Molnya telecommuni cation satellite used as relay

11 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

lntercosmos-1 1969-88-A USSR 14 O c t. 207 km 89.5 m in Carries scientific apparatus and 292 km 48.3° experiments from the USSR, Eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia for the study of solar ultraviolet and X radiations and their effect on the upper layers of the earth’s atmos phere. Eight solar panels

C osm os-302 1969-89-A USSR 17 O c t. 202 km 89.7 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 340 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 25 October 1969

C osm os-303 1969-90-A USSR 18 O c t. 238 km 90.3 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 344 km 70.9° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system

C osm os-304 1969-91-A USSR 21 O c t. 741 km 99.8 m in Carries scientific apparatus 761 km 74.0°

C osm os-305 1969-92-A USSR 22 O c t. 193 km Carried scientific apparatus. De 205 km 51.5° cayed on 24 October 1969

C osm os-306 1969-93-A USSR 24 O c t. 208 km 89.7 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 332 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system. Decayed on 5 Novem b e r 1969

C osm os-307 1969-94-A USSR 24 O c t. 212 km 107 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 1982 km 48.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system

N o nam e 1969-95-A U n ite d 24 O c t. 126 km 92.1 m in Decayed on 8 November 1969 States 637 km 108.0°

C osm os-308 1969-96-A USSR 4 N o v . 212 km 89.2 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 260 km 71.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system

A z u r 1969-97-A Federal 8 N o v . 388 km 121.8 m in Telemetry PCM/ Carries 7 experiments designed to Republic of 3143 km 102.9° PM: 136.740MHz 72 k g ; study the earth’s radiation belt, the G e rm a n y 0.5 W cylindrical aurorae, and solar particle events. 136.560 MHz spacecraft w ith Solar cells, Ag-Cd battery pack. 0.5 W conical shaped Launched by NASA t o p ; d ia m e te r: 762 m m ; length : 1226 mm

C osm os-309 1969-98-A USSR 12 N o v . 203 km 90.1 m in Carried scientific apparatus, radio 384 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 20 November 1969

12 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

A p o llo -1 2 1969-99-A U n ite d 14 N o v . barycentric D rb it Tracking beacon Three-man spacecraft; astronauts com m and States transmits con Charles Conrad (commander) Ri module, service tinuously on chard F. Gordon (command module module, lunar 5765 MHz at pilot), Alan L. Bean (lunar module module, space 400 W peak. Data pilot). On 19 November at 01 55 h craft lunar transmitted on lunar module landed on the moon. module adapter; command from Conrad and Bean gathered surface d ia m e te r: command mod material, took photographs and tele 390 to 660 cm ; ule on 2272.5 vision pictures and deployed a radio total height: MHz at 138 mW isotope thermo-electric generator 29 m or 11.2 W and and experiments. Lunar module left 2287.5 MHz at moon’s surface on 20 November at 374 m W o r 09 23 h, rendezvoused with the Lunar Module 1969-99-C selenocentri : o r b it 11.2 W ; from command module which was in lunar module selenocentric orbit. Lunar module on 2282.5 MHz was then crashed onto moon for at 1.5 W or seismometric measurements. Com 20 W mand module returned to earth and landed on 24 November in the South Pacific, 244 h 36 min after launch. Batteries and fuel cells

C osm o s-3 1 0 1969-10 0 -A USSR 15 N o v . 208 km 89.8 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 347 km 65.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 23 November 1969

S k y n e t-A 1969-101-A U n ite d 22 N o v . 34 695 km 1431.0 min Command and Government communication satel K in g d o m 36 678 km 2.4° te le m e t r y : lite to be placed in synchronous 129 kg; cylindri 375 to 400 MHz orbit at 45° E longitude over Indian cal satellite; band Ocean. Spin stabilized. 7236 solar d ia m e te r: cells. Launched by NASA 137 c m ; height: 160 cm

Cosmos-311 1969-10 2 -A USSR 24 N o v . 265 km 91.4 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 432 km 71.0° system for precise measurements 129.3 kg of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system

C osm o s-3 1 2 1969-10 3 -A USSR 24 N o v . 1143 km 108.5 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 1178 km 74.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system

C o sm o s-3 1 3 1969-10 4 -A USSR 3 Dec. 204 km 89.1 m in 19.995 M H z Carried scientific apparatus, radio 276 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system. Decayed on 15 December 1969

N o nam e 1969-10 5 -A U n ite d 4 D ec. 215 km 88.8 m in States 225 km 81.4°

C osm o s-3 1 4 1969-10 6 -A USSR 11 D ec. 268 km 91.6 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 446 km 70.9° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele metry system

C o sm o s-3 1 5 1969-10 7 -A USSR 20 D ec. 518 km 95.2 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 541 km 74.0° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system

C osm o s-3 1 6 1969-10 8 -A USSR 23 Dec. 147 km 102.8 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 1638 km 49.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements and radiotele m etry system

13 Frequencies C o d e nam e International P erigee P e rio d C o u n try D ate Transmitter Observations Description n u m b e r A p o g e e Inclination p o w e r

C osm os-317 1969-10 9 -A USSR 23 Dec. 191 km 89.3 m in Carries scientific apparatus, radio 296 km 65.4° system for precise measurements of orbital elements

lntercosmos-2 1969-110-A USSR 25 Dec. 200 km 98.4 m in 20.005 MHz Carries scientific apparatus, which 1169 km 48.4° 30.075 M H z was rrp.de in Eastern Germany and designed in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and USSR for investigation of the ionosphere; concentration of elec trons and positive ions, electron temperature close to the satellite and average electron concentration between the satellite and ground receiving stations. “ Mayak ” trans m itter made in Eastern Germany. Ion engine. Batteries