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Nigeria Country Focus European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Nigeria Country Focus June 2017 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO EASO Country of Origin Information Report Nigeria Country Focus June 2017 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-9494-598-3 doi:10.2847/77132 BZ-04-17-525-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9494-600-3 doi:10.2847/672861 BZ-04-17-525-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office, 2017 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: © iStock.com/Peeter Viisimaa. Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Nigeria – Country Focus — 5 Acknowledgments EASO would like to acknowledge the following national asylum and migration departments as the drafters of this report: Norway, Landinfo, Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre; The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalisation Service, Office for Country Information and Language Analysis (OCILA); Italy, Ministry of the Interior, National Commission for the Right of Asylum International and EU Affairs, COI unit. The following departments reviewed this report, together with EASO: Denmark, Danish Immigration Service, Section Country of Origin Information; Portugal, Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service, Asylum and Refugees Department; Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of the Interior, Migration Office, International Protection Proceedings Division; Switzerland, State Secretariat for Migration (SEM), Division Analysis. 6 — EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Nigeria – Country Focus 1. Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Glossary and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 10 Map ................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Background information ............................................................................................................................ 15 1.1. Legal system ..................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.1. Executive branch ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 1.1.2. Legislative branch �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 1.1.3. Judicial branch ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 1.1.4. Citizenship ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 1.2. The north/south divide ..................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.1. State’s armed forces ................................................................................................................ 16 1.3. Economy �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 1.4. Population and ethnic groups ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 1.4.1. Language situation ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 1.5. Political development ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.5.1. Current political situation January 2016–February 2017 () �������������������������������������������������������������18 1.6. General human rights situation �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 1.6.1. Boko Haram �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 1.6.2. Vigilantism ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 1.6.3. Security Forces ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 1.6.4. Societal and Communal Violence ............................................................................................ 20 1.6.5. Misconduct, Corruption and Justice ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 2. Security situation ....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1. General indicators of security ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 2.2. North Central (Niger, Kogi, Benue, Plateau, Nassarawa, Kwara, FCT) �������������������������������������������������������23 2.3. North East (Bauchi, Borno, Taraba, Adamawa, Gombe, Yobe) ������������������������������������������������������������������23 2.4. North West (Zamfara, Sokoto, Kaduna, Kebbi, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa) �����������������������������������������������������24 2.5. South East (Enugu, Imo, Ebonyi, Abia, Anambra) ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 2.6. South South (Bayelsa, Akwa Ibom, Edo, Rivers, Cross River, Delta) ���������������������������������������������������������26 2.7. South West (Oyo, Ekiti, Osun, Ondo, Lagos, Ogun)....................................................................................26 2.8. Conflicts between ‘indigenes’ and ‘settlers’ ...................................................................................... 27 2.9. Conflicts between nomads and farmers ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������28 3. State, law and order .................................................................................................................................. 29 3.1. The Judiciary �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 3.2. Security forces and state protection ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 3.2.1. Armed forces ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 3.2.2. Police ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 3.2.3. Other security forces and key security agencies �����������������������������������������������������������������������������31 EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Nigeria – Country Focus — 7 3.3. Detention and death penalty ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 3.3.1. Detention conditions ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 3.3.2. Death penalty �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 4. Gender-related issues ................................................................................................................................ 34 4.1. Domestic violence ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 4.1.1. Legal context relating to domestic violence ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 4.1.2. Reporting violence to authorities; response, protection and shelters �������������������������������������������35 4.2. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 4.2.1. Typology and prevalence of FGM/C �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 4.2.2. Age
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