Richard J. Evans El Tercer Reich En El Poder
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Reactionary Postmodernism? Neoliberalism, Multiculturalism, the Internet, and the Ideology of the New Far Right in Germany
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2018 Reactionary Postmodernism? Neoliberalism, Multiculturalism, the Internet, and the Ideology of the New Far Right in Germany William Peter Fitz University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Fitz, William Peter, "Reactionary Postmodernism? Neoliberalism, Multiculturalism, the Internet, and the Ideology of the New Far Right in Germany" (2018). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 275. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/275 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REACTIONARY POSTMODERNISM? NEOLIBERALISM, MULTICULTURALISM, THE INTERNET, AND THE IDEOLOGY OF THE NEW FAR RIGHT IN GERMANY A Thesis Presented by William Peter Fitz to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In European Studies with Honors December 2018 Defense Date: December 4th, 2018 Thesis Committee: Alan E. Steinweis, Ph.D., Advisor Susanna Schrafstetter, Ph.D., Chairperson Adriana Borra, M.A. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter One: Neoliberalism and Xenophobia 17 Chapter Two: Multiculturalism and Cultural Identity 52 Chapter Three: The Philosophy of the New Right 84 Chapter Four: The Internet and Meme Warfare 116 Conclusion 149 Bibliography 166 1 “Perhaps one will view the rise of the Alternative for Germany in the foreseeable future as inevitable, as a portent for major changes, one that is as necessary as it was predictable. -
MICROCOSM: Portrait of a European City Major Disturbance
In Breslau, the overthrow of the imperial authorities passed off without MICROCOSM: Portrait of a European City major disturbance. On 8 November, a Loyal Appeal for the citizens to uphold by Norman Davies (pp. 326-379) their duties to the Kaiser was distributed in the names of the Lord Mayor, Paul Matting, Archbishop Bertram and others. But it had no great effect. The Commander of the VI Army Corps, General Pfeil, was in no mood for a fight. Breslau before and during the Second World War He released the political prisoners, ordered his men to leave their barracks, 1918-45 and, in the last order of the military administration, gave permission to the Social Democrats to hold a rally in the Jahrhunderthalle. The next afternoon, a The politics of interwar Germany passed through three distinct phases. In group of dissident airmen arrived from their base at Brieg (Brzeg). Their arrival 1918-20, anarchy spread far and wide in the wake of the collapse of the spurred the formation of 'soldiers' councils' (that is, Soviets) in several military German Empire. Between 1919 and 1933, the Weimar Republic re-established units and of a 100-strong Committee of Public Safety by the municipal leaders. stability, then lost it. And from 1933 onwards, Hitler's 'Third Reich' took an The Army Commander was greatly relieved to resign his powers. ever firmer hold. Events in Breslau, as in all German cities, reflected each of The Volksrat, or 'People's Council', was formed on 9 November 1918, from the phases in turn. Social Democrats, union leaders, Liberals and the Catholic Centre Party. -
Cr^Ltxj
THE NAZI BLOOD PURGE OF 1934 APPRCWBD": \r H M^jor Professor 7 lOLi Minor Professor •n p-Kairman of the DeparCTieflat. of History / cr^LtxJ~<2^ Dean oiTKe Graduate School IV Burkholder, Vaughn, The Nazi Blood Purge of 1934. Master of Arts, History, August, 1972, 147 pp., appendix, bibliography, 160 titles. This thesis deals with the problem of determining the reasons behind the purge conducted by various high officials in the Nazi regime on June 30-July 2, 1934. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goring, SS leader Heinrich Himmler, and others used the purge to eliminate a sizable and influential segment of the SA leadership, under the pretext that this group was planning a coup against the Hitler regime. Also eliminated during the purge were sundry political opponents and personal rivals. Therefore, to explain Hitler's actions, one must determine whether or not there was a planned putsch against him at that time. Although party and official government documents relating to the purge were ordered destroyed by Hermann GcTring, certain materials in this category were used. Especially helpful were the Nuremberg trial records; Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939; Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945; and Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1934. Also, first-hand accounts, contem- porary reports and essays, and analytical reports of a /1J-14 secondary nature were used in researching this topic. Many memoirs, written by people in a position to observe these events, were used as well as the reports of the American, British, and French ambassadors in the German capital. -
Robert O. Paxton-The Anatomy of Fascism -Knopf
Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page b also by robert o. paxton French Peasant Fascism Europe in the Twentieth Century Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944 Parades and Politics at Vichy Vichy France and the Jews (with Michael R. Marrus) Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page i THE ANATOMY OF FASCISM Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page ii Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page iii THE ANATOMY OF FASCISM ROBERT O. PAXTON Alfred A. Knopf New York 2004 Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page iv this is a borzoi book published by alfred a. knopf Copyright © 2004 by Robert O. Paxton All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Distributed by Random House, Inc., New York. www.aaknopf.com Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. isbn: 1-4000-4094-9 lc: 2004100489 Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page v To Sarah Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page vi Paxt_1400040949_8p_all_r1.qxd 1/30/04 4:38 PM Page vii contents Preface xi chapter 1 Introduction 3 The Invention of Fascism 3 Images of Fascism 9 Strategies 15 Where Do We Go from Here? 20 chapter 2 Creating Fascist Movements 24 The Immediate Background 28 Intellectual, Cultural, and Emotional -
Domniemane I Rzeczywiste Kontakty Prominentów Nazistowskich Z Polskością Przed 1933 Rokiem
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS WRATISLAVIENSIS No 3749 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 38, nr 2 Wrocław 2016 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.38.2.3 WOJCIECH KAPICA Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa Domniemane i rzeczywiste kontakty prominentów nazistowskich z polskością przed 1933 rokiem Niezwykle interesująca problematyka stosunku Hitlera i narodowych socja- listów do Polski i Polaków znalazła odbicie w rzetelnych pracach rodzimych ba- daczy (J.W. Borejsza, T. Szarota, E.C. Król, H. Orłowski)1. Chciałbym się skupić w niniejszym skromnym przyczynku na kontaktach, „spotkaniach” prominen- tów nazistowskich (choć jest to „nieostry” termin)2 z szeroko pojętą polskością (Polska, a właściwie ziemie polskie3, Polacy, kultura polska) przed „Machtüber- nahme”, tj. przed 30 stycznia 1933 roku. Niniejsze rozważania absolutnie nie 1 J.W. Borejsza, Antyslawizm Adolfa Hitlera, Warszawa 1988; idem, Śmieszne sto milionów Słowian: wokół światopoglądu Adolfa Hitlera, Warszawa 2006; T. Szarota, Niemcy i Polacy. Wza- jemne postrzeganie i stereotypy, Warszawa 1996; E.C. Król, Polska i Polacy w propagandzie naro- dowego socjalizmu w Niemczech 1919–1945, Warszawa 2006; H. Orłowski, Polnische Wirtshchaft. Nowoczesny niemiecki dyskurs o Polsce, Olsztyn 1998. 2 Za prominentów nazistowskich uznaję w tym przypadku nazistowskich posłów do Reichsta- gu (Mitglieder des Großdeutschen Reichstags) oraz „dębowców” SS i SA, tj. wszystkich wyższych oficerów od SS-Standartenführera i SA-Standartenführera wzwyż. Mam naturalnie świadomość „fasadowego” charakteru Reichstagu w Niemczech (podobnie zresztą było w Związku Sowiec- kim) — mówiono o nim jako o najdrożej na świecie opłacanym „chórze”. Podstawę tej skromnej analizy stanowią biogramy posłów do Reichstagu zamieszczone w specjalnych wydawnictwach poświęconych tej instytucji, zob. Reichstag-Handbuch VI. Wahlperiode 1932, Berlin 1932; Reichs- tag-Handbuch IX. -
Scheußlichkeit Von Siniga
Sinigaglia und der 30. Juni 1934 Die Mordserie vom 30. Juni 1934 und den folgenden Tagen wurde der „Scheußlichkeit von Sinigaglia“ als ebenbürtig empfunden.1 Gemeint war Cesare Borgias Schlag gegen seine Söldner- Führer Paolo und Francesco Orsini, Vitellozzo Vitelli und Oliverotto da Fermo im Vorfeld der Eroberung der Stadt Sinigaglia am Silvestertag des Jahres 1502. Folgt man dem nationalsozialistischen Renegaten und „antifaschistischen“ Widerstandskämpfer Otto Strasser, so hatte sich Hitler von Borgias Vorgehen gegen seine verräterischen Weggefährten inspirieren lassen. Hitler besuchte die Familie Strasser mehrfach auf deren Familienanwesen in Dinkelsbühl. Otto, der im Gegensatz zu seinem Bruder Gregor schon früh als entschiedener Gegner Hitlers auftrat, rekonstruierte 1968 ein Gespräch aus dem Jahr 1927: „Hitler schwärmte geradezu davon, das sei doch einfach großartig gewesen, man müsse sich nur vorstellen, wie sie da alle angekommen seien, die Herren aus den großen führenden Adelsgeschlechtern, wie man sich an die Tafel gesetzt habe, das Versöhnungsfest zu feiern – um zwölf erhob sich Cesare Borgia, erklärte, jetzt sei aller Unfriede vorbei, da traten hinter jeden der Gäste zwei schwarzgekleidete Männer und fesselten die Condottieri-Führer an ihren Stuhl. Dann hat der Borgia, von einem der gefesselten zum anderen gehend, sie der Reihe nach umgebracht. […] Diese Schilderung beendete Hitler mit einer Nutzenanwendung, an die ich mich genau erinnere und die ich nie vergessen habe. Er sagte: Es gibt Situationen, in denen man sich von seinen -
SECRET Approved by Tho Prosecu- Tion Review Board Resenrch Nnd
SECRET Appr oved by tho Prosecu - tion Review Boa r d OFFICE OF STR ~ T EGIC SERVICES Re senrch nnd Ana lysi s Branch . .' NA. ZI PLANS FOR DOMINi.TING GEFU,1,'..NY J.. ND EUROPE DO....MESTIC CRIMES DRAFT FOR THE WAR CRIIAES STAFF Washingt on 13 August; 1945 This document contains information affectinG the national defense of t he Un i ted St.... ates vri>ehin the meani ng of the Espionage ..\ ct , 50 USC 31 and 32 , a s em ondod. Its t ransmi ssi on or tho r evelation of its cont ent s in any manner to an unauthorized person in prohibited by l aw. 13 Copy No• SECRET . (76835) I SECRET INTRODUCTION The followinS paper consists of two parts . Part I dis cusses the criminal responsibility of the Nazis for their viola tions of Domestic German law . Part II concerns the violations themselves -- the suppression of labor organizations and politi cal parties , the muzzling of the press , the illegal passage of enabling legislation, etc . The principal problem which the Pa r t I confronts and attempts to solv~ is the expected plea by the Nazi Defense that the acts of which the prisoners are accused were in fact author ized by the laws of the Third Reich. While it would be possible to demonstrate that the Nazi regime itself was not the legal successor to the We i mar -Repubiic , the Nazis could fall back upon the claim that as a frankly revolutionary government its constitutionality rested on its long and uncontested exercise 0f power . -
German Captured Documents Collection
German Captured Documents Collection A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Prepared by Allan Teichroew, Fred Bauman, Karen Stuart, and other Manuscript Division Staff with the assistance of David Morris and Alex Sorenson Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2011 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms011148 Latest revision: 2012 October Collection Summary Title: German Captured Documents Collection Span Dates: 1766-1945 ID No.: MSS22160 Extent: 249,600 items ; 51 containers plus 3 oversize ; 20.5 linear feet ; 508 microfilm reels Language: Collection material in German with some English and French Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: German documents captured by American military forces after World War II consisting largely of Nazi Party materials, German government and military records, files of several German officials, and some quasi-governmental records. Much of the material is microfilm of originals returned to Germany. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Wiedemann, Fritz, b. 1891. Fritz Wiedemann papers. Organizations Akademie für Deutsches Recht (Germany) Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund. Deutsches Ausland-Institut. Eher-Verlag. Archiv. Germany. Auswärtiges Amt. Germany. Reichskanzlei. Germany. Reichsministerium für die Besetzten Ostgebiete. Germany. Reichsministerium für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion. Germany. Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda. -
The European Dimension in Vocational Training. Experiences and Tasks of Vocational Training Policy in the Member States of the European Union
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 392 881 CE 070 826 AUTHOR Koch, Richard, Ed.; Reuling, Jochen, Ed. TITLE The European Dimension in Vocational Training. Experiences and Tasks of Vocational Training Policy in the Member States of the European Union. Congress Report. INSTITUTION Federal Inst. for Vocational Training, Bonn (Germany). REPORT NO ISBN-3-7639-0690-8 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 208p. AVAILABLE FROMW. Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Postfach 100633, D-33506 Bielefeld, Germany (order no. 110.313, 24 deutschmarks). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021) -- Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Continuing Education; Educational Research; Foreign Countries; *International Cooperation; *International Educational Exchange; Job Training; *Organizational Development; Postsecondary Education; Secondary Education; Second Language Instruction; *Vocational Education IDENTIFIERS *Europe ABSTRACT This volume contains presentqtions and workshop papers from the International Congress on "The European Dimension of Vocational Training--Experiences and Tasks" that provided those with responsibility for vocational training a forum for analyzing and discussing challenges that have emerged from European cooperation in vocational training. Two introductory speeches (Karl-Hans Laermann and Achilleas Mitsos) precede the workshop papers. Workshop A, "The Bottom-Up Approach to Europe," looks at the form and content of projects based primarily on the initiative of chambers, companies, schools, and -
Z Dziejów NSDAP Okręgu Śląskiego 1929-1932
Sobótka 1978 1 FRANCISZEK BIAŁY Z DZIEJOW NSDAP OKRĘGU ŚLĄSKIEGO 1929-1932 Światowemu kryzysowi gospodarczemu towarzys·zył w Niemczech kryzys polityczny. W związku z zaostrzeniem się sprzeczności między masami pracującymi a kapitałem następowało wyraźne przesuwanie się sil politycznych na prawo. Szczególną aktywność w tych latach przejawiać zaczęła partia nazistowska, która do swych celów propagandowych wyko rzystywała trudności występujące w życiu gospodarczym i społecznym republiki. W latach wielkiego kryzysu gospodarczego NSDAP przeżywała burzli ;y rozwój. W 1928 r. liczyła ona 108 tys. członków, w 1930 r. ju� 389 tys. W kwietniu 1932 r. do partii wstąpił mihonowy członek, pod koniec zaś tego roku partia nazistowska w swych szeregach skupiała 1 414 tys. osób 1. W ciągu pięciu lat (1928-1932) liczba członków NSDAP wzrosła dwu dziestokro,tnie. Był to wzrost, który nie miał precedensu w dziejach ugrupowań politycznych Niemiec. Popularność hitlerowców wś·ród znacznych odłamów społeczeństwa niemieckiego ujawniła się podczas kolejnych wyborów do sejmów kra jowych i Parlamentu Rzeszy. Prawdziwym triumfem NSDAP zakończyły się wybory do Parlamentu Rzeszy w dniu 14 IX 1930 r. Przy ·stosunkowo wysokiej frekwencji wyborczej, wynoszącej 820/o głosów, na listę tej partii głosowało 6 406 tys., tj. 18,30/o wyborców. Partia hitlerowska otrzy mała 107 mandatów. Paismo sukcesów ciągnęło się dalej 2• W wyborach do Parlamentu Rzeszy w dniu 6 XI 1932 r. naziści zdobyli 33,1 O/o głosów i 196 mandatów. Duży odsetek głosów ot�zymała partia nazistowska w wyborach do organów samorządowych. 1 H. V o 1 z, Daten der Geschichte der NSDAP, Berlin-Leipzig 1939, s. 21; G. Ru h 1 e, Das Dritte Reich. -
Das Parlamentarische Regierungssystem Mecklenburg- Schwerins Unter Der Weimarer Reichsverfassung
Das parlamentarische Regierungssystem Mecklenburg- Schwerins unter der Weimarer Reichsverfassung Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Rechte durch die Juristische Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von Carina Freitag aus Wiepkenhagen urn:nbn:de:gbv:28-diss2010-0049-2 Verteidigungsdatum: 11. März 2010 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang März, Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht und Verfassungsgeschichte an der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock Zweitgutachter: PD Dr. Klaus Richter, Lehrstuhl für Bürgerliches Recht, Arbeitsrecht und Rechtsgeschichte (Vertretung) an der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock I Inhalt A. Einleitung 1 B. Einzelheiten zum Begriff „parlamentarische Regierung“ 6 I. Theoretisches Verständnis des Begriffs „parlamentarische Regierung“ im deutschen Staatsrecht vor 1918 6 1. Verfassungsrechtliche und politische Ausgangslage 8 a) Die Reichsverfassung als Hindernis 8 b) Erfolglose Versuche in Richtung parlamentarische Regierung 11 c) Der interfraktionelle Ausschuss als Vorform parlamentarischer Regierung 14 2. Die Standpunkte in der Staatsrechtswissenschaft 16 a) Von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg 16 b) 1914 bis 1918 22 c) Föderalistische Bedenken und Sorge um die Hegemonie 24 d) Die Theorie Max Webers 28 e) Robert Redslob: echte und unechte parlamentarische Regierung 29 3. Zwischenergebnis 32 II. Die Weimarer Reichsverfassung als Verwirklichung parlamentarischer Regierung 36 1. Entwürfe zur Reichsverfassung 36 2. Das Verfassungswerk von Weimar 41 3. Die Staatsrechtswissenschaft der Weimarer Zeit 42 a) Weimarer Reichsverfassung verwirklicht parlamentarische Regierungsweise 42 b) Mangelnde Bereitschaft zur Übernahme von Regierungsverantwortung 43 C. Die ungeklärte Verfassungsfrage in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 47 I. Der Landesgrundgesetzliche Erbvergleich von 1755 47 1. Anlass für die Einführung des Erbvergleichs 47 2. Inhalt des Erbvergleichs 48 3. Freienwalder Schiedsspruch 50 a) Inhalte des neuen Staatsgrundgesetzes 50 b) Wiedereinführung des Erbvergleichs 51 4. -
Sixty-Four Stories of Resistance in Germany, 1933–45
CONSCIENCE IN REVOLT CONSCIENCE IN REVOLT Sixty-Four Stories of Resistance in Germany, 1933-45 ANNEDORE LEBER WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF WILLY BRANDT & KARL DIETRICH BRACHER WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM HILDE WALTER WOLFGANG STEGLICH & HARALD POELCHAU TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY ROSEMARY o·NEILL Der Widerstand: Dissent and Resistance in the Third Reich First published 1957 by Westview Press Published 2021 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1994 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Unless otherwise indicated, all photographs in this book were privately owned. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-8133-2185-9 ISBN 13: 978-0-3670-0916-8 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-3671-5903-0 (pbk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429039027 CONTENTS page Foreword by K. D. BRACHER vii Resistance and Conscience: An Introduction by ANDREW CHANDLER ix Introduction by ROBERT BIRLEY xxi Preface xxxix YOUTH Introduction I ANTON SCHMAUS . 4 HELMUTH HUBENER 7 HILDA MONTE 11 JONATHAN STARK 14 SOPHIE SCHOLL 16 HEINZ BELLO 20 FRIEDRICH KARL KLAUSING 24 MICHAEL KITZELMANN 27 LEARNING Introduction 32 CARL VON OSSIETZKY 34 FRITZ SOLMITZ 38 KURT HUBER 42 ELISABETH VON THADDEN 46 NIKOLAUS GROSS 49 ERICH KNAUF .