DOCSLIB.ORG

The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective / Edited by Jacqueline Knörr and Chris- Toph Kohl

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective / Edited by Jacqueline Knörr and Chris- Toph Kohl Th e Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective Integration and Confl ict Studies Published in Association with the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale Series Editor: Günther Schlee, Director of the Department of Integration and Confl ict at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Editorial Board: Brian Donahoe (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology), John Eidson (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology), Peter Finke (University of Zurich), Joachim Görlich (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology), Jacqueline Knörr (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology), Bettina Mann (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology), Stephen Reyna (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology) Assisted by: Cornelia Schnepel and Viktoria Zeng (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology) Th e objective of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology is to advance anthropolog- ical fi eldwork and enhance theory building. ‘Integration’ and ‘confl ict’, the central themes of this series, are major concerns of the contemporary social sciences and of signifi cant interest to the general public. Th ey have also been among the main research areas of the institute since its foundation. Bringing together international experts, Integration and Confl ict Studies includes both monographs and edited volumes, and off ers a forum for studies that contribute to a better under- standing of processes of identifi cation and inter-group relations. Volume 1 Volume 7 How Enemies are Made: Towards a Th eory of Variations on Uzbek Identity: Strategic Choices, Ethnic and Religious Confl icts Cognitive Schemas and Political Constraints in Günther Schlee Identifi cation Processes Peter Finke Volume 2 Changing Identifi cations and Alliances in Volume 8 North-East Africa Domesticating Youth: Th e Youth Bulge and its Vol.I: Ethiopia and Kenya Socio-Political Implications in Tajikstan Edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth E. Watson Sophie Roche Volume 3 Volume 9 Changing Identifi cations and Alliances in Creole Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia North-East Africa Jacqueline Knörr Vol.II: Sudan, Uganda and the Ethiopia- Volume 10 Sudan Borderlands Friendship, Descent and Alliance in Africa: Edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth E. Watson Anthropological Perspectives Volume 4 Edited by Martine Guichard, Tilo Grätz and Playing Diff erent Games: Th e Paradox of Anywaa Youssouf Diallo and Nuer Identifi cation Strategies in the Gambella Volume 11 Region, Ethiopia Masks and Staff s: Identity Politics in the Cameroon Dereje Feyissa Grassfi elds Volume 5 Michaela Pelican Who Owns the Stock? Collective and Multiple Volume 12 Forms of Property in Animals Th e Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective Edited by Anatoly M. Khazanov and Günther Edited by Jacqueline Knörr and Christoph Kohl Schlee Volume 6 Irish/ness is All Around Us: Language Revivalism and the Culture of Ethnic Identity in Northern Ireland Olaf Zenker Th e Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective Edited by Jacqueline Knörr and Christoph Kohl berghahn N E W Y O R K • O X F O R D www.berghahnbooks.com Published by Berghahn Books www.berghahnbooks.com © 2016 Jacqueline Knörr and Christoph Kohl All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Knörr, Jacqueline, 1960– editor. | Kohl, Christoph, editor. Title: The Upper Guinea coast in global perspective / edited by Jacqueline Knörr and Chris- toph Kohl. Other titles: Integration and conflict studies ; v. 12. Description: New York : Berghahn Books, 2016. | Series: Integration and conflict studies ; volume 12 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015026968| ISBN 9781785330698 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781785330704 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Globalization—Political aspects—Guinea (Region) | Guinea (Region)—Politics and government. | Guinea (Region)—Social conditions. Classification: LCC DT477 .U67 2016 | DDC 966.5—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015026968 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial No Derivatives 4.0 International license. The terms of the licence can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. For permission to publish commercial versions please contact Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78533-069-8 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-78533-070-4 (ebook) ISBN 978-1-78533-373-6 (open access ebook) In Memoriam Th is book is dedicated to the memory of Christian Kordt Højbjerg (1961–2014). Christian was an associate professor at the University of Aarhus (Denmark) and a long-time member of the research group ‘Integration and Confl ict along the Upper Guinea Coast’ at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle (Saale), Germany. After studying at the University of Aarhus, Christian did graduate work at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales before obtaining his Ph.D. and his Habilitation in anthropology at the University of Copenhagen. His areas of specialization included Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire and Mau- ritius. He published extensively on a range of subjects, including historical mem- ory, ritual and social organization, confl ict and emergent political orders, identity and diff erence, and the role of refl exivity in shaping both social change and the- oretical change. Th roughout his work, Christian demonstrated mastery of many skills: he was a dedicated ethnographer, a critical and in-depth analyst, an inspirational teacher, a compassionate man and a fi ne scholar with an open and active mind. As a member of our research group, Christian made a great and valuable contribution to our work. We have lost a wonderful friend and colleague whom we will miss and keep in our hearts and minds as an inspiration for our lives and research. On behalf of all contributors to this book and the members, associates and friends of the Research Group ‘Integration and Confl ict along the Upper Guinea Coast’ at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Jacqueline Knörr and Christoph Kohl Contents List of Maps and Figures ix Introduction: Th e Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective 1 Jacqueline Knörr and Christoph Kohl Part I. Creole Connections Chapter 1. Towards a Defi nition of Transnational as a Family Construct: A Historical and Micro Perspective 21 Bruce L. Mouser Chapter 2. Luso-Creole Culture and Identity Compared: Th e Cases of Guinea-Bissau and Sri Lanka 40 Christoph Kohl Chapter 3. Freetown’s Yoruba-Modelled Secret Societies as Transnational and Transethnic Mechanisms for Social Integration 58 Nathaniel King Part II. Diasporic Entanglements Chapter 4. Contested Transnational Spaces: Debating Emigrants’ Citizenship and Role in Guinean Politics 77 Anita Schroven Chapter 5. Identity beyond ID: Diaspora within the Nation 95 Markus Rudolf Chapter 6. Th e African ‘Other’ in the Cape Verde Islands: Interaction, Integration and the Forging of an Immigration Policy 116 Pedro F. Marcelino Chapter 7. Celebrating Asymmetries: Creole Stratifi cation and the Regrounding of Home in Cape Verdean Migrant Return Visits 135 Heike Drotbohm Part III. Travelling Models Chapter 8. Travelling Terms: Analysis of Semantic Fluctuations in the Atlantic World 157 Wilson Trajano Filho viii Contents Chapter 9. Rice and Revolution: Agrarian Life and Global Food Policy on the Upper Guinea Coast 174 Joanna Davidson Chapter 10. Transnational and Local Models of Non-Refoulement: Youth and Women in the Moral Economy of Patronage in Postwar Liberia and Sierra Leone 197 William P. Murphy Chapter 11. Expanding the Space for Freedom of Expression in Postwar Sierra Leone 222 Sylvanus Spencer Chapter 12. Sierra Leone, Child Soldiers and Global Flows of Child Protection Expertise 241 Susan Shepler Part IV. Interregional Integration Chapter 13. The ‘Mandingo Question’: Transnational Ethnic Identity and Violent Conflict in an Upper Guinea Border Area* 255 Christian K. Højbjerg (†) Chapter 14. Solo Darboe, Former Diamond Dealer: Transnational Connections and Home Politics in the Twentieth-Century Gambia 280 Alice Bellagamba Chapter 15. Market Networks and Warfare: A Comparison of the Seventeenth-Century Blade Weapons Trade and the Nineteenth-Century Firearms Trade in the Casamance 299 Peter Mark and José da Silva Horta Index 315 *This chapter is not available in the open access edition due to rights restrictions. It is accessible in the print and retail e-book editions, spanning pages 180–204. List of Maps and Figures Maps 1.1 Rio Pongo 23 13.1 Border of Liberia and Guinea 260 Figures 6.1 (1) Internal migration routes and internal migration incentives; (2) irregular migration ship/zodiac routes from West Africa. 122 6.2 Tentative inclusion/exclusion model: (1) perceived professional activity, ethnicity and class; (2) level of integration in host society. 125 7.1 A bandeira, the feast’s fl ag, is run up the feast’s pole. 143 7.2 Coladreiras, drummers and the festeiro, donating small- denomination U.S. bills. 145 8.1 Synoptic Chart of Semantic Shifts 169 Introduction Th e Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective Jacqueline Knörr and Christoph Kohl For centuries, the Upper Guinea Coast region of West Africa has been char- acterized by connections and interactions with societies and thought worlds in various parts of Africa and beyond. Th is book explores these regional and global encounters and exchanges, and points to the disruptions and continuities they caused as well as to the region’s infl uences on other parts of the world. Its chapters focus on the region’s entanglements with diff erent societies, entanglements trig- gered by the expansion of colonialism, the Atlantic slave trade and, more recently, densifying transnational networks and increased global interaction – processes and institutions that are interconnected and interdependent in manifold ways.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Poetics of Relationality: Mobility, Naming, and Sociability in Southeastern Senegal by Nikolas Sweet a Dissertation Submitte
    The Poetics of Relationality: Mobility, Naming, and Sociability in Southeastern Senegal By Nikolas Sweet A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee Professor Judith Irvine, chair Associate Professor Michael Lempert Professor Mike McGovern Professor Barbra Meek Professor Derek Peterson Nikolas Sweet [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3957-2888 © 2019 Nikolas Sweet This dissertation is dedicated to Doba and to the people of Taabe. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The field work conducted for this dissertation was made possible with generous support from the National Science Foundation’s Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant, the Wenner-Gren Foundation’s Dissertation Fieldwork Grant, the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and the University of Michigan Rackham International Research Award. Many thanks also to the financial support from the following centers and institutes at the University of Michigan: The African Studies Center, the Department of Anthropology, Rackham Graduate School, the Department of Afroamerican and African Studies, the Mellon Institute, and the International Institute. I wish to thank Senegal’s Ministère de l'Education et de la Recherche for authorizing my research in Kédougou. I am deeply grateful to the West African Research Center (WARC) for hosting me as a scholar and providing me a welcoming center in Dakar. I would like to thank Mariane Wade, in particular, for her warmth and support during my intermittent stays in Dakar. This research can be seen as a decades-long interest in West Africa that began in the Peace Corps in 2006-2009.
    [Show full text]
  • “Dangerous Vagabonds”: Resistance to Slave
    “DANGEROUS VAGABONDS”: RESISTANCE TO SLAVE EMANCIPATION AND THE COLONY OF SENEGAL by Robin Aspasia Hardy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2016 ©COPYRIGHT by Robin Aspasia Hardy 2016 All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION PAGE For my dear parents. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Historiography and Methodology .............................................................................. 4 Sources ..................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................... 20 2. SENEGAL ON THE FRINGE OF EMPIRE.......................................................... 23 Senegal, Early French Presence, and Slavery ......................................................... 24 The Role of Slavery in the French Conquest of Senegal’s Interior ......................... 39 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 51 3. RACE, RESISTANCE, AND PUISSANCE ........................................................... 54 Sex, Trade and Race in Senegal ............................................................................... 55 Slave Emancipation and the Perpetuation of a Mixed-Race
    [Show full text]
  • 1 2011 Guelph Jazz Festival Colloquium Panel with Cecil Foster
    1 2011 Guelph Jazz Festival Colloquium Panel with Cecil Foster Writing Jazz: Gesturing Towards the Possible Interview conducted by Paul Watkins Transcribed by Elizabeth Johnstone Edited by Paul Watkins PW: So, this is the morning plenary. It’s more of an interview, a discussion of wits, somewhat dialogic, with Dr. Cecil Foster, who is a Canadian novelist. You may also know him as an essayist, journalist, and scholar. He was born in Bridgetown, Barbados, where he began working for the Caribbean News Agency. You can read his autobiography, which was published around 1998 and is called Island Wings, which describes his experience of growing up in Barbados and eventually emigrating to Canada, which he did in 1979. He worked for the Toronto Star, as well as the Globe and Mail. He was also a special advisor to Ontario’s Ministry of Culture. His most recent books, Where Race Does Not Matter, and Blackness and Modernity, explore the potentials for multiculturalism in Canada. Currently he is an associate professor of Sociology here at the University of Guelph, and hopefully today we’ll talk about multiculturalism, as well as improvisation, and how those intersections may relate to his own writing process. Without further ado I introduce Dr. Cecil Foster. CF: Good morning and let me say a special hello to all of my friends and colleagues, and people that will become friends and colleagues. It certainly is a pleasure to be here. I rather enjoy being here at Guelph. I have now gone through the ranks from assistant, to associate, to full professor, to end up being, one of the, I hope Ajay would consider me to be a writer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lost & Found Children of Abraham in Africa and The
    SANKORE' Institute of Islamic - African Studies International The Lost & Found Children of Abraham In Africa and the American Diaspora The Saga of the Turudbe’ Fulbe’ & Their Historical Continuity Through Identity Construction in the Quest for Self-Determination by Abu Alfa Umar MUHAMMAD SHAREEF bin Farid 0 Copyright/2004- Muhammad Shareef SANKORE' Institute of Islamic - African Studies International www.sankore.org/www,siiasi.org All rights reserved Cover design and all maps and illustrations done by Muhammad Shareef 1 SANKORE' Institute of Islamic - African Studies International www.sankore.org/ www.siiasi.org ﺑِ ﺴْ ﻢِ اﻟﻠﱠﻪِ ا ﻟ ﺮﱠ ﺣْ ﻤَ ﻦِ ا ﻟ ﺮّ ﺣِ ﻴ ﻢِ وَﺻَﻠّﻰ اﻟﻠّﻪُ ﻋَﻠَﻲ ﺳَﻴﱢﺪِﻧَﺎ ﻣُ ﺤَ ﻤﱠ ﺪٍ وﻋَﻠَﻰ ﺁ ﻟِ ﻪِ وَ ﺻَ ﺤْ ﺒِ ﻪِ وَ ﺳَ ﻠﱠ ﻢَ ﺗَ ﺴْ ﻠِ ﻴ ﻤ ﺎً The Turudbe’ Fulbe’: the Lost Children of Abraham The Persistence of Historical Continuity Through Identity Construction in the Quest for Self-Determination 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. The Origin of the Turudbe’ Fulbe’ 4. Social Stratification of the Turudbe’ Fulbe’ 5. The Turudbe’ and the Diffusion of Islam in Western Bilad’’s-Sudan 6. Uthman Dan Fuduye’ and the Persistence of Turudbe’ Historical Consciousness 7. The Asabiya (Solidarity) of the Turudbe’ and the Philosophy of History 8. The Persistence of Turudbe’ Identity Construct in the Diaspora 9. The ‘Lost and Found’ Turudbe’ Fulbe Children of Abraham: The Ordeal of Slavery and the Promise of Redemption 10. Conclusion 11. Appendix 1 The `Ida`u an-Nusuukh of Abdullahi Dan Fuduye’ 12. Appendix 2 The Kitaab an-Nasab of Abdullahi Dan Fuduye’ 13.
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section J
    J (Computer program language) J.G.L. Collection (Australia) New York, N.Y.) BT Object-oriented programming languages BT Painting—Private collections—Australia BT Apartment houses—New York (State) J (Locomotive) (Not Subd Geog) J.G. Strijdomdam (South Africa) Downtown by Philippe Starck (New York, N.Y.) BT Locomotives USE Pongolapoort Dam (South Africa) Office buildings—New York (State) J & R Landfill (Ill.) J. Hampton Robb Residence (New York, N.Y.) J.P. Morgan, Jr., House (New York, N.Y.) UF J and R Landfill (Ill.) USE James Hampden and Cornelia Van Rensselaer USE Phelps Stokes-J.P. Morgan House (New York, J&R Landfill (Ill.) Robb House (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.) BT Sanitary landfills—Illinois J. Herbert W. Small Federal Building and United States J. Paul Getty Center (Los Angeles, Calif.) J. & W. Seligman and Company Building (New York, Courthouse (Elizabeth City, N.C.) USE Getty Center (Los Angeles, Calif.) N.Y.) UF Small Federal Building and United States J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Villa (Malibu, Calif.) USE Banca Commerciale Italiana Building (New Courthouse (Elizabeth City, N.C.) USE Getty Villa (Malibu, Calif.) York, N.Y.) BT Courthouses—North Carolina J. Paul Getty Museum Herb Garden (Malibu, Calif.) J 29 (Jet fighter plane) Public buildings—North Carolina This heading is not valid for use as a geographic USE Saab 29 (Jet fighter plane) J-holomorphic curves subdivision. J.A. Ranch (Tex.) USE Pseudoholomorphic curves UF Getty Museum Herb Garden (Malibu, Calif.) BT Ranches—Texas J. I. Case tractors BT Herb gardens—California J. Alfred Prufrock (Fictitious character) USE Case tractors J.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Niŋ, -Pi-, -E and -Aa Morphemes in Kuloonay
    The prefix ni- in Kuloonaay: grammaticalization pathways in a three-morpheme system By David C. Lowry August 2015 Word Count: 19,719 Presented as part of the requirement of the MA Degree in Field Linguistics, Centre for Linguistics, Translation & Literacy, Redcliffe College. DECLARATION This dissertation is the product of my own work. I declare also that the dissertation is available for photocopying, reference purposes and Inter-Library Loan. David Christopher Lowry 2 ABSTRACT Title: The prefix ni- in Kuloonaay: grammaticalization pathways in a three- morpheme system. Author: David C. Lowry Date: August 2015 The prefix ni- is the most common particle in the verbal system of Jola Kuloonaay, an Atlantic language of Senegal and The Gambia. Its complex distribution has made it difficult to classify, and a variety of labels have been proposed in the literature. Other authors writing on Kuloonaay and on related Jola languages have described this prefix in terms of a single morpheme whose distribution follows an eclectic list of rules for which the synchronic motivation is not obvious. An alternative approach, presented here, is to describe the ni- prefix in terms of three distinct morphemes, each following a simple set of rules within a restricted domain. This study explores the three-morpheme hypothesis from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. At a synchronic level, a small corpus of narrative texts is used to verify that the model proposed corresponds to the behaviour of ni- in natural text. At a diachronic level, data from a selection of other Jola languages is drawn upon in order to gain insight into the grammaticalization pathways by which the three morpheme ni- system may have evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • White Paper for a Sustainable Peace in Casamance
    White Paper for a Sustainable Peace in Casamance Perspectives from Women and Local Populations August 2019 Content 3. Acronyms & Abbreviations 4. Acknowledgements 5. Foreword 7. Cry For Action Of The Women Of Casamance! 8. Preface 9. Introduction 9. Context 11. Historical background of the conflict and the peace process 13. The Conflict’s Impacts On Local Populations, Women And Youth 13. Socioeconomic and environmental impacts 15. Casamance populations’ perceptions and feelings of exclusion 17. The conflict’s specific impacts on women 18. A permanent insecurity 19. Strategies And Perspectives From Civil Society 20. Civil society actors 21. Addressing challenges and establishing peace 23. Actions and approaches 25. Conditions for effective and inclusive participation 26. Women’s participation in peace processes 26. The mediation role of women of Casamance 27. La Plateforme des Femmes pour la Paix en Casamance (PFPC) 28. Senegambia Forum 29. Breaking down barriers and strengthening support across women throughout Senegal 30. Recommendations for a definitive & sustainable peace in Casamance 34. Bibliography 35. Annexes 49. Endnotes Acronyms & Abbreviations AFUDES Association of United Brothers for the Economic and Social Development of the Fogny ASC Sports and Cultural Association AJAEDO Association des Jeunes Agriculteurs et Éleveurs du Département d'Oussouye AJWS American Jewish World Service (NGO) ANRAC Agence nationale pour la Relance des Activités économiques en Casamance ANSD Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Cape Verdeans & Black Identity Politics in the Era of Revolutions
    Journal of Cape Verdean Studies Volume 1 | Issue 1 Article 8 4-2015 “Free Men Name Themselves”: U.S. Cape Verdeans & Black Identity Politics in the Era of Revolutions, 1955-75 Aminah Pilgrim Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jcvs Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Pilgrim, Aminah. (2015). “Free Men Name Themselves”: U.S. Cape Verdeans & Black Identity Politics in the Era of Revolutions, 1955-75. Journal of Cape Verdean Studies, 1(1), 101-120. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jcvs/vol1/iss1/8 Copyright © 2015 Aminah Pilgrim This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. © 2015 Aminah Pilgrim Journal of Cape Verdean Studies 101 April 2015 . Number 1, pp. 101-120 ©Aminah Pilgrim, 2015 \\FREE MEN NAME THEMSELVES": U.S. CAPE VERDEANS & BLACK IDENTITY POLITICS INTHE ERA OF REVOLUTIONS, 1955-75 Aminah Pilgrim University of Massachusetts Boston, USA Abstract: Contrary to widely held assumptions about Cape Verdean immigrants in the US - based on oral folklore and early historiography - the population was never "confused" about their collective identity. Individuals and groups of Cape Verdeans wrestled with US ra­ cial ideology just as they struggled to make new lives for themselves and their families abroad. The men and women confronted African-American or "black" identity politics from the moment of their arrivals upon these shores, and chose very deliberate strate­ gies for building community, re-inventing their lives and creating pathways for survival and resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex H. Summary of the Early Grade Reading Materials Survey in Senegal
    Annex H. Summary of the Early Grade Reading Materials Survey in Senegal Geography and Demographics 196,722 square Size: kilometers (km2) Population: 14 million (2015) Capital: Dakar Urban: 44% (2015) Administrative 14 regions Divisions: Religion: 95% Muslim 4% Christian 1% Traditional Source: Central Intelligence Agency (2015). Note: Population and percentages are rounded. Literacy Projected 2013 Primary School 2015 Age Population (aged 2.2 million Literacy a a 7–12 years): Rates: Overall Male Female Adult (aged 2013 Primary School 56% 68% 44% 84%, up from 65% in 1999 >15 years) GER:a Youth (aged 2013 Pre-primary School 70% 76% 64% 15%,up from 3% in 1999 15–24 years) GER:a Language: French Mean: 18.4 correct words per minute When: 2009 Oral Reading Fluency: Standard deviation: 20.6 Sample EGRA Where: 11 regions 18% zero scores Resultsb 11% reading with ≥60% Reading comprehension Who: 687 P3 students Comprehension: 52% zero scores Note: EGRA = Early Grade Reading Assessment; GER = Gross Enrollment Rate; P3 = Primary Grade 3. Percentages are rounded. a Source: UNESCO (2015). b Source: Pouezevara et al. (2010). Language Number of Living Languages:a 210 Major Languagesb Estimated Populationc Government Recognized Statusd 202 DERP in Africa—Reading Materials Survey Final Report 47,000 (L1) (2015) French “Official” language 3.9 million (L2) (2013) “National” language Wolof 5.2 million (L1) (2015) de facto largest LWC Pulaar 3.5 million (L1) (2015) “National” language Serer-Sine 1.4 million (L1) (2015) “National” language Maninkakan (i.e., Malinké) 1.3 million (L1) (2015) “National” language Soninke 281,000 (L1) (2015) “National” language Jola-Fonyi (i.e., Diola) 340,000 (L1) “National” language Balant, Bayot, Guñuun, Hassanya, Jalunga, Kanjaad, Laalaa, Mandinka, Manjaaku, “National” languages Mankaañ, Mënik, Ndut, Noon, __ Oniyan, Paloor, and Saafi- Saafi Note: L1 = first language; L2 = second language; LWC = language of wider communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime, Punishment, and Colonization: a History of the Prison of Saint-Louis and the Development of the Penitentiary System in Senegal, Ca
    CRIME, PUNISHMENT, AND COLONIZATION: A HISTORY OF THE PRISON OF SAINT-LOUIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM IN SENEGAL, CA. 1830-CA. 1940 By Ibra Sene A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY HISTORY 2010 ABSTRACT CRIME, PUNISHMENT, AND COLONIZATION: A HISTORY OF THE PRISON OF SAINT-LOUIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM IN SENEGAL, CA. 1830-CA. 1940 By Ibra Sene My thesis explores the relationships between the prison of Saint-Louis (Senegal), the development of the penitentiary institution, and colonization in Senegal, between ca. 1830 and ca. 1940 . Beyond the institutional frame, I focus on how the colonial society influenced the implementation of, and the mission assigned to, imprisonment. Conversely, I explore the extent to which the situation in the prison impacted the relationships between the colonizers and the colonized populations. First, I look at the evolution of the Prison of Saint-Louis by focusing on the preoccupations of the colonial authorities and the legislation that helped implement the establishment and organize its operation. I examine the facilities in comparison with the other prisons in the colony. Second, I analyze the internal operation of the prison in relation to the French colonial agenda and policies. Third and lastly, I focus on the ‘prison society’. I look at the contentions, negotiations and accommodations that occurred within the carceral space, between the colonizer and the colonized people. I show that imprisonment played an important role in French colonization in Senegal, and that the prison of Saint-Louis was not just a model for, but also the nodal center of, the development of the penitentiary.
    [Show full text]
  • COLÓQUIO INTERNACIONAL CABO VERDE E GUINÉ BISSAU:PERCURSOS DO SABER E DA CIÊNCIA LISBOA, 21-23 De Junho De 2012
    COLÓQUIO INTERNACIONAL CABO VERDE E GUINÉ BISSAU:PERCURSOS DO SABER E DA CIÊNCIA LISBOA, 21-23 de Junho de 2012. ISCSP-UTL, Auditório Piso 0 e Piso 1 IICT - Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical e ISCSP-UTL - Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ O Colóquio Internacional Cabo Verde e Guiné-Bissau: Percursos do Saber e da Ciência resulta de uma parceria entre investigadores do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT) e do Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas do Instituto de Ciências Sociais e Políticas (ISCSP-UTL) no quadro de programas de investigação em curso, e visa criar um fórum para investigadores das várias áreas do saber científico para apresentarem e partilharem estudos e resultados de projetos sobre Cabo Verde e a Guiné-Bissau. Refletindo, em simultâneo, uma história partilhada imposta pela presença colonial Portuguesa e uma evolução diferenciada em função de condições específicas e percursos próprios, Cabo Verde e a Guiné-Bissau, são hoje uma referência fundamental no mundo Atlântico e na África Ocidental atestada pelo crescente número de trabalhos de investigação e de projetos de cooperação. Nesse sentido, este Colóquio pretende dar maior visibilidade à investigação que tem vindo a ser feita contribuindo para dinamizar o interesse por estes dois países e sublinhando o papel desempenhado pela investigação científica e pelo envolvimento direto no desenvolvimento e na cooperação. Privilegiar-se-á uma abordagem comparativa e interdisciplinar que tenha em conta perspetivas históricas, antropológicas, sociológicas, culturais, económicas, políticas, biológicas e ambientais, que permita não só uma visão histórica e multidisciplinar em termos regionais e mundiais mas também em termos do reconhecimento da importância dos saberes e do conhecimento científico no contexto atual destas sociedades.
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, Stability Challenges and Prospects
    Annan, N 2014 Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, stability Challenges and Prospects. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 3(1): 3, pp. 1-16, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/sta.da RESEARCH ARTICLE Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, Challenges and Prospects Nancy Annan* The advent of intra-state conflicts or ‘new wars’ in West Africa has brought many of its economies to the brink of collapse, creating humanitarian casualties and concerns. For decades, countries such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea- Bissau were crippled by conflicts and civil strife in which violence and incessant killings were prevalent. While violent conflicts are declining in the sub-region, recent insurgencies in the Sahel region affecting the West African countries of Mali, Niger and Mauritania and low intensity conflicts surging within notably stable countries such as Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal sends alarming signals of the possible re-surfacing of internal and regional violent conflicts. These conflicts are often hinged on several factors including poverty, human rights violations, bad governance and corruption, ethnic marginalization and small arms proliferation. Although many actors including the ECOWAS, civil society and international community have been making efforts, conflicts continue to persist in the sub-region and their resolution is often protracted. This paper posits that the poor understanding of the fundamental causes of West Africa’s violent conflicts and civil strife would likely cause the sub-region to continue experiencing and suffering the brunt of these violent wars. Introduction 24). While violent conflicts are declining in The transformation from inter-state to intra- the sub-region, recent insurgencies in the state conflict from the latter part of the 20th Sahel region affecting the West African coun- Century in West Africa brought a number of tries of Mali, Niger and Mauritania sends its economies to near collapse.
    [Show full text]