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Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Management System for The Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Management System for the Emerging Towns of Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne Yared Girma A dissertation submitted to the Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC), Addis Ababa University in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Planning Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2019 ABSTRACT Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Management System for the Emerging Towns of Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne Yared Girma Addis Ababa University, 2019 Urban green infrastructure components have gradually become an integral part of urban development strategies due to their important role in providing space for multiple ecosystem services for human well-being. Even though they have multiple benefits, they are under strong pressure particularly in rapidly developing cities of sub-Saharan Africa where relatively little is known about their development and management system. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate the planning, implementation and management challenges of urban green infrastructure components and to provide recommendations that can address the challenges in the emerging towns of Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne. The study used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research approaches and techniques to achieve the intended objectives. The finding of the study shows that an average per capita urban green infrastructure component in Sululta, Sebeta and Legetafo towns is found to be 2.66 m2, 0.9 m2 and 2.17 m2 per person, respectively. Results also indicated that 71.9%, 67.9% and 73.7% of respondents in Legetafo, Sebeta and Sululta towns, respectively, do not have any urban green infrastructure component in their neighborhood while very few respondents mentioned playgrounds and sport fields. The LULC change result revealed that urban green infrastructure component has decreased by 51.8%, 31.9%, and 37.5% between the year 2003-2016 in Sebeta, Sululta and Legetafo towns, respectively. The drivers for the change were physical expansion of the built-up area, high land value, laxity in the enforcement of planning regulations, corruption, lack of coordination and limited awareness of the community about the benefits of green infrastructure components. Regarding the evaluation of the planning documents, this study identified that the principles of urban green infrastructure planning are slightly presented in the documents. At the same time, the result revealed that the existing green infrastructure components provide mono-functional services and their integration with grey structure is limited. Furthermore, result shows that issues related to connectivity of green infrastructure components are not recognized in planning documents and practices. Lack of awareness, financial constraints, insufficient professional knowledge, inadequate legal framework, absence of collaboration and poor public involvement are the most influential factors hindering the integration of urban green infrastructure planning principles into urban development. Overall, the management systems of the urban green infrastructure components have also been challenged by the above-mentioned constraints. Therefore, advanced development in budget allocation, capacity building, legal framework, awareness creation and stakeholder‟s involvement are needed to promote sustainable urban green infrastructure development and management system. Keywords: Green infrastructure, component, planning, implementation, multi- functionality, participation, connectivity i Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty God for His generosity throughout my work to complete the study successfully. Next, I would like to express my sincere and deepest gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Heyaw Terefe for his unreserved support, evaluation, comments, encouragement, and guidance at various stages of the study. I really appreciate his patience and candid dedication towards the betterment of this research paper. My deepest gratitude also goes to Professor Dr. Stephan Pauleit for his invitation letter and mentorship role during my three month stay in Technical University of Munich, Germany. Also, I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Mengistie Kindu for his warm reception, advice and support during my stay in Munich. I am also grateful to Professor. Hailu Worku, Dr. Kumelachew Yeshitela, Dr. Fisseha Wegayeh, Dr. Ephrem Gebremariam, Dr. Hayal Desta and other EiABC staffs for their unreserved support throughout my study. I would like to extend my tanks to my classmates Sitotaw Haile, Abebe Tufa, Getinet Feyisa, Asfaw Mohammed, Dr.Mesfin Sahle, Solomon Benti, and others for their guidance and technical support during my study. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Addis Ababa University. I am especially indebted to Professor Hailu Worku, the principal investigator of thematic area research fund, for his role, time and energy in facilitating the approval of thematic area ii research fund. I would also like to thank Sululta Town Administration for their permission to pursue my PhD. My special appreciation also goes to all of my respondents from Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, Oromia Urban Planning Institute, Sululta, Sebeta and Legetafo towns‟ administration and other institutions for providing me data and information for this study. I am indeed thankful to the data collectors at the three towns too. I have no words to express my heartfelt gratitude to my family for their uninhibited encouragement and support during this study period. I would also like to reserve a special thanks to my lovely wife Eyerusalem Tamiru for her relentless support throughout this study period and all the time. iii Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... xi Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Statement of the problem ......................................................................................... 7 1.3. Objective of the study .............................................................................................. 9 1.3.1. General objective ............................................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Specific objectives ........................................................................................... 10 1.4. Research questions ................................................................................................. 10 1.5. Scope of the research.............................................................................................. 10 1.6. Significance of the research ................................................................................... 12 1.7. Description of the study area .................................................................................. 13 1.7.1. Geographic location ......................................................................................... 13 1.7.2. Bio-physical characters.................................................................................... 14 1.7.2.1. Topography and Climate........................................................................... 14 1.7.2.2. Soil and vegetation cover .......................................................................... 15 iv 1.7.3. Socio-economic characteristics ....................................................................... 17 1.7.3.1. Population ................................................................................................. 17 1.7.3.2. Land use/land cover .................................................................................. 17 1.7.3.3. Economic situation.................................................................................... 18 Chapter Two:-Review of Related Literature..................................................................... 19 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 19 2.2. Concept and definition of urban GI ....................................................................... 19 2.3. Significance of urban GI ........................................................................................ 25 2.3.1. Social significance ........................................................................................... 25 2.3.2. Economic significance ..................................................................................... 26 2.3.3. Environmental significances ............................................................................ 27 2.4. Provision of urban GI components worldwide ...................................................... 28 2.5. Urban GI as a planning concept ............................................................................
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