INVESTIGATION on the ENGINEERING Properties of SOILS FOUND in BURAYU TOWN
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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION ON THE ENGINEERING PROPERTies OF SOILS FOUND IN BURAYU TOWN BY: WUBSHET HIRPASA “A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of mAster of science in civil engineering” ADVISOR: DR-ing SAMUEL TADESSe November, 2015 Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES INVESTIGATION On THE ENGINEERING PROPERTies OF SOILS FOUND IN BURAYU TOWN By: WUBSHET HIRPASA Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Approved by Board of Examiners Dr-Ing Samuel Tadesse ______________ _____________ (Advisor) Signature Date Prof. Alemayehu Teferra ______________ _____________ (Internal Examiner) Signature Date Dr-Ing Henok Fikre ______________ _____________ (External Examiner) Signature Date Dr. Esayas G/ Youhannes ______________ _____________ (Chairman) Signature Date [Geotechnical Engineering] Page Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that the work in the project entitled “Investigation on the Engineering Properties of Soil Found in Burayu Town” has been performed by me in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, under the supervision of my research advisor Dr-Ing Samuel Tadesse. The information derived from literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of references provided. No part of this project was previously presented for another degree at any university. Name: Wubshet Hirpasa Tau Signature: ______________ Place: Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa. Date of submission: November, 2015 [Geotechnical Engineering] Page i Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town Acknowledgement I thank the Almighty God above all because he hath dealt bountifully with me. First of all, I would like to express my special thanks to my advisor, Dr-ing Samuel Tadesse for his valuable advice and guidance. I would like to forward my appreciation to the geotechnical laboratory staffs of Addis Ababa institute of technology for their support and encouraging advice during conducting different tests for this thesis. I would like to forward my appreciation to Burayu municipality and oromia urban plan institute for providing me necessary data for the research. Last but not least I would like to thank my beloved sister Sara Hirpasa, her husband Eng. Eddy Inabi and last my adorable friends especially Mr. Ashenafi Yilekal for their continues encouragement during conducting this thesis. [Geotechnical Engineering] Page ii Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town Table of Contents Declaration………………………………………………………………………………………..i Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………..... ii List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………....vii List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………..viii Symbols and Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………...xi Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….xii 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Back ground of the problem ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................ 3 1.5. Structure of the Thesis ...................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................... 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Soil formation and soil deposits ....................................................................................... 4 2.1.1. Parent materials ............................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2. Topography and Drainage ............................................................................................. 4 2.1.3. Climate........................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.4. Biological influence ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2. General types of soils ....................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Soil particle size and shape .............................................................................................. 5 2.4. Soil texture ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. Mineralogy of clay ........................................................................................................... 6 2.5.1. Kaolinite ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.5.2. Illite ................................................................................................................................ 7 [Geotechnical Engineering] Page iii Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town 2.5.3. Montmorillonite ............................................................................................................. 7 2.6. Review of Previous Research ........................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................... 9 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ................................................................................. 9 3.1. General ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.2. Naming ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.3. Geology .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.4. Soil type .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.4. Topography and drainage conditions ............................................................................. 11 3.5. Climate ........................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................. 13 4. In-situ Properties and Laboratory test results ........................................................................... 13 4.1. In-situ properties ............................................................................................................. 13 4.1.1. Identification of soil in the study area ......................................................................... 13 4.2. Laboratory Test Results ................................................................................................. 14 4.2.1. Index properties ........................................................................................................... 14 4.2.1.1. General...................................................................................................................... 14 4.2.1.2. Natural Moisture Content ......................................................................................... 15 4.2.1.3. Specific Gravity ........................................................................................................ 16 4.2.1.4. Grain-size Distribution ............................................................................................. 17 4.2.1.5. Atterberg Limits ....................................................................................................... 20 4.2.1.6. Free-Swell ................................................................................................................. 22 4.2.2. Classification of the Soils ............................................................................................ 23 4.2.2.2. Unified Soil Classification System ........................................................................... 23 4.2.2.3. Plasticity Chart ......................................................................................................... 24 4.2.2.4. AASHTO Classification System .............................................................................. 26 4.2.2.5. Liquidity Index ......................................................................................................... 27 [Geotechnical Engineering] Page iv Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town 4.2.2.6. Activity ....................................................................................................................