DOCSLIB.ORG

Akaki Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. MAIN REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................III ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………. IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................V 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1 2. POLLUTION STATUS AND THE VAROUS IMPACTS ON THE AKAKI RIVER.......4 2.1. Major Contributors to the Pollution of the Akaki River............................... 4 2.1.1. Municipal Solid Waste............................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2. Domestic Sewage........................................................................................................ 6 2.1.3. Industrial Waste........................................................................................................... 7 2.1.4. Waste from Other Sources ........................................................................................10 2.2. Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts............................................ 13 2.2.1. Human Health and Ecological Impacts ..................................................................................13 2.2.2. Socio-Economic Impacts.........................................................................................................16 2.3. Summary........................................................................................................ 17 3. POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ETHIOPIA..................................................................................19 3.1. Policy and Legislative Framework .............................................................. 19 3.2. Institutional Set-Up and Responsibilities ................................................... 22 3.3. Capacities and Gaps for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis of the Akaki Rivers .................................................................................................... 24 3.4. Summary........................................................................................................ 30 4. PAST AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMEMES RELATED TO THE AKAKI RIVER...........................................................................................................31 5. STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS ...................................................................................34 REFERENCES................................................................................................................39 II. BOXES Box 1: Number of Industrial Establishments in Ethiopia…………………………...8 Box 2: Different polluting sources in Addis Ababa and the surroundings……….12 Box 3: Source for drinking water for urban and rural population in Ethiopia……15 Box 4: The Ethiopian Water Resources Management Regulations…………….. 20 Box 5: The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Legislation………………..21 Box 6: The Pollution Control Proclamation………………………………………....21 Box 7: Industrial Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations………………….21 III. FIGURES Figure 1: Location map of the study area………………………………………….45 Figure 2: The city of Addis Ababa and the surrounding………………………….46 Figure 3: Waste point (industrial) and diffuse (litter) sources in the Akaki River………………………………………………………………………..47 IV. APPENDICES Appendix 1: Comments presented by the stakeholders at the Consultative Forum, June 6-7, 2005, Addis Ababa……………………………...49 Appendix 2a: Pollution loads of industrial effluents from sample industries in Addis Ababa.................................................................................50 Appendix 2b: The toxic effects of compound used by the different industries situated in Addis Ababa and the surroundings.............................51 Appendix 3: The level of different pollutants in the streams in and around Addis Ababa..........................................................................................52 Appendix 4: Ethiopian policies, legislations and regulations with relevance to environmental management, pollution and water quality issues...........................................................................................64 Appendix 5: Institutional framework for environmental management in Ethiopia..................................................................................................67 5a: Diagrammatic representation of the framework for environmental management in Ethiopia.......................................67 5b: The responsibilities of the main agencies in the Ethiopian Government with environmental mandates..................................69 Appendix 6: Identified problematic areas for the management of water resources in Ethiopia....................................................................72 Appendix 7: Questionnaire used to survey of institutional capacity in managing the water resources of the Akaki River........................74 Appendix 8: Water quality parameters measured in some institutions with laboratory facilities for assessing water quality............................76 Appendix 9: A summary of pollution related activities on the Awash and Akaki Rivers undertaken by several local and international institutions.....................................................................................81 Appendix 10a: Standards for discharges to water bodies from specified industrial sectors…………………………………………………… 92 Appendix 10b: General standards for all other industrial effluents..…………… 98 II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The consultant gratefully acknowledges the enthusiastic support received from officials and researchers of the various institutions in the country. The appreciation extends to: • Addis Ababa Environmental Protection Authority • Addis Ababa University • Clean and Green Addis Ababa Society • Dynamic Sanitary Services • Ethiopian Cleaner Production Center (ECPC) of the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission (ESTC) • Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI) • Federal Environmental Protection Authority • Health Bureau of the Addis Ababa City Administration • Ministry of Health • Ministry of Water Resources • Oromia Environmental Protection Office • Oromia Health Bureau • Oromia Water Resources Bureau The consultant also appreciates the useful inputs provided by the participants of the National Roundtable on the Programme for Sustainable Consumption and Production in Akaki River Basin (held on the 6th and 7th of June 2005 in Addis Ababa) on the draft version of this report. Moreover the consultant is extremely grateful for the opportunity provided to him by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the Ethiopian Science Technology Commission (ESTC). These two organizations were the driving forces behind the initiation and the development process of the program. In this regard the consultant would like to particularly mention H.E. Commissioner Mulugeta Amha (ESTC), Dr. Strike Mkandla (Resident Representative of UNEP in Ethiopia) Dr. Desta Mebratu (UNEP Nairobi), Ato Gashaw Gebeyehu (Currently with the United Nations Industrial Development Program, UNIDO) and Ato Debebe Yilma (Ethiopian Cleaner Production Center) for providing the opportunity and support to undertake such a challenging consultancy work. Lastly the consultant wants to extend his deepest gratitude to Mrs. Sue Edwards, Dr. Helmut Kloos, Professor Redda Teklehaimanot and Ato Seyoum Teferra for proof reading the draft document. Robi Redda Teklehaimanot July 2005 III ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAEPA ADDIS ABABA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY AAU ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY AAWSA ADDIS ABABA WATER AND SEWAGE AUTHORITY ABWRAA AWASH BASIN WATER RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION AGENCY AWTI ARBA MINCH WATER TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE ECPC ETHIOPIAN CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTER EGS ETHIOPIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY EnDA ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT ACTION ENHRI ETHIOPIAN HEALTH NUTIRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE EPA FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY ESTC ETHIOPIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMMISSION EVDSA ETHIOPIAN VALLEYS DEVELOPMENT STUDY AUTHORITY JU JIMMA UNIVERSITY MoFED MINISTERY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MoH MINISTRY OF HEALTH MoM MINISTRY OF MINES MoTI MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY MoWR MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OEPO OROMIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OFFICE QSAE QUALITY AND STANDARDS AUTHORITY FOR ETHIOPIA UNEP UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM UNIDO UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WWDSE WATER WORKS DESIGN AND SUPERVISION ENTERPRISE IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Context In several regions of Ethiopia, a rapidly increasing population, together with widespread activities in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, has brought about the depletion and pollution of natural resources. However, due to various socio-economic constraints facing the country and a widespread lack of awareness of environmental problems, this issue has not been given priority. As the most densely populated and industrialized Administrative Region in the country, the city of Addis Ababa and its surrounding, is most affected by both water and air pollution. The water pollution problem which is the focus of this report has been manifested by the deteriorating water quality of rivers draining through the city. The Akaki River is the most important river that drains the basin in which the city of Addis Ababa
Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia

    Districts of Ethiopia

    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
  • Analysis of Multiple Deprivations in Secondary Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa EMIT 19061

    Analysis of Multiple Deprivations in Secondary Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa EMIT 19061

    Analysis Report Analysis of Multiple Deprivations in Secondary Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa EMIT 19061 Contact Information Cardno IT Transport Ltd Trading as Cardno IT Transport Registered No. 1460021 VAT No. 289 2190 69 Level 5 Clarendon Business Centre 42 Upper Berkeley Street Marylebone London W1H 5PW United Kingdom Contact Person: Jane Ndirangu, Isaacnezer K. Njuguna, Andy McLoughlin Phone: +44 1844 216500 Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] www.ittransport.co.uk Document Information Prepared for UNICEF and UN Habitat Project Name Analysis of Multiple Deprivations in Secondary Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa File Reference Analysis Report Job Reference EMIT 19061 Date March 2020 General Information Author(s) Daniel Githira, Dr. Samwel Wakibi, Isaacnezer K. Njuguna, Dr. George Rae, Dr. Stephen Wandera, Jane Ndirangu Project Analysis of Multiple Deprivation of Secondary Town in SSA Document Analysis Report Version Revised Date of Submission 18/03/2020 Project Reference EMIT 19061 Contributors Name Department Samuel Godfrey Regional Advisor, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office Farai A. Tunhuma WASH Specialist, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office Bo Viktor Nylund Deputy Regional Director, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office Archana Dwivedi Statistics & Monitoring Specialist, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office Bisi Agberemi WASH Specialist, New York, Headquarters Ruben Bayiha Regional Advisor, West and Central Africa Regional Office Danzhen You Senior Adviser Statistics and Monitoring, New York, Headquarters Eva Quintana Statistics Specialist, New York, Headquarters Thomas George Senior Adviser, New York, Headquarters UN Habitat Robert Ndugwa Head, Data and Analytics Unit Donatien Beguy Demographer, Data and Analytics Unit Victor Kisob Deputy Executive Director © Cardno 2020.
  • INVESTIGATION on the ENGINEERING Properties of SOILS FOUND in BURAYU TOWN

    INVESTIGATION on the ENGINEERING Properties of SOILS FOUND in BURAYU TOWN

    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION ON THE ENGINEERING PROPERTies OF SOILS FOUND IN BURAYU TOWN BY: WUBSHET HIRPASA “A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of mAster of science in civil engineering” ADVISOR: DR-ing SAMUEL TADESSe November, 2015 Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES INVESTIGATION On THE ENGINEERING PROPERTies OF SOILS FOUND IN BURAYU TOWN By: WUBSHET HIRPASA Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Approved by Board of Examiners Dr-Ing Samuel Tadesse ______________ _____________ (Advisor) Signature Date Prof. Alemayehu Teferra ______________ _____________ (Internal Examiner) Signature Date Dr-Ing Henok Fikre ______________ _____________ (External Examiner) Signature Date Dr. Esayas G/ Youhannes ______________ _____________ (Chairman) Signature Date [Geotechnical Engineering] Page Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that the work in the project entitled “Investigation on the Engineering Properties of Soil Found in Burayu Town” has been performed by me in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, under the supervision of my research advisor Dr-Ing Samuel Tadesse. The information derived from literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of references provided. No part of this project was previously presented for another degree at any university. Name: Wubshet Hirpasa Tau Signature: ______________ Place: Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa. Date of submission: November, 2015 [Geotechnical Engineering] Page i Investigation On The Engineering Properties Of Soil Found In 2015 Burayu Town Acknowledgement I thank the Almighty God above all because he hath dealt bountifully with me.
  • Ethiopia COI Compilation

    Ethiopia COI Compilation

    BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Ethiopia: COI Compilation November 2019 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord This report was commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Background information ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Geographical information .................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Map of Ethiopia ...........................................................................................................
  • Oromia Region Administrative Map(As of 27 March 2013)

    Oromia Region Administrative Map(As of 27 March 2013)

    ETHIOPIA: Oromia Region Administrative Map (as of 27 March 2013) Amhara Gundo Meskel ! Amuru Dera Kelo ! Agemsa BENISHANGUL ! Jangir Ibantu ! ! Filikilik Hidabu GUMUZ Kiremu ! ! Wara AMHARA Haro ! Obera Jarte Gosha Dire ! ! Abote ! Tsiyon Jars!o ! Ejere Limu Ayana ! Kiremu Alibo ! Jardega Hose Tulu Miki Haro ! ! Kokofe Ababo Mana Mendi ! Gebre ! Gida ! Guracha ! ! Degem AFAR ! Gelila SomHbo oro Abay ! ! Sibu Kiltu Kewo Kere ! Biriti Degem DIRE DAWA Ayana ! ! Fiche Benguwa Chomen Dobi Abuna Ali ! K! ara ! Kuyu Debre Tsige ! Toba Guduru Dedu ! Doro ! ! Achane G/Be!ret Minare Debre ! Mendida Shambu Daleti ! Libanos Weberi Abe Chulute! Jemo ! Abichuna Kombolcha West Limu Hor!o ! Meta Yaya Gota Dongoro Kombolcha Ginde Kachisi Lefo ! Muke Turi Melka Chinaksen ! Gne'a ! N!ejo Fincha!-a Kembolcha R!obi ! Adda Gulele Rafu Jarso ! ! ! Wuchale ! Nopa ! Beret Mekoda Muger ! ! Wellega Nejo ! Goro Kulubi ! ! Funyan Debeka Boji Shikute Berga Jida ! Kombolcha Kober Guto Guduru ! !Duber Water Kersa Haro Jarso ! ! Debra ! ! Bira Gudetu ! Bila Seyo Chobi Kembibit Gutu Che!lenko ! ! Welenkombi Gorfo ! ! Begi Jarso Dirmeji Gida Bila Jimma ! Ketket Mulo ! Kersa Maya Bila Gola ! ! ! Sheno ! Kobo Alem Kondole ! ! Bicho ! Deder Gursum Muklemi Hena Sibu ! Chancho Wenoda ! Mieso Doba Kurfa Maya Beg!i Deboko ! Rare Mida ! Goja Shino Inchini Sululta Aleltu Babile Jimma Mulo ! Meta Guliso Golo Sire Hunde! Deder Chele ! Tobi Lalo ! Mekenejo Bitile ! Kegn Aleltu ! Tulo ! Harawacha ! ! ! ! Rob G! obu Genete ! Ifata Jeldu Lafto Girawa ! Gawo Inango ! Sendafa Mieso Hirna
  • Addis Ababa University School of Graguate Studies

    Addis Ababa University School of Graguate Studies

    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRAGUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTEMENT OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF MIGRANTS FROM RURAL AREAS OF WESTERN SHAWA TO BURAYU TOWN BY SOLOMON ABEBE THESIS ADVISOR TESHOME EMANA (PhD) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO GRAGUAT STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY JUNE 2018 ADDIS ABABA 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude goes to my advisor Dr. Teshome Emana for his valuable suggestions, friendly approach, critical comments and assistance for conducting this research effectively. In addition, I would like to extend my thanks to Mr. Worku Abebe for giving me kind support and consulting on my paper. Am also grateful for his encouragement in various stage of the study. I would also like to thank my niece Mahider, Tigest, and Biruktawit for their kind support in writing and editing my thesis. Appreciation also goes to Tinsae Worku for his grate assistance in data collecting and designing the cover page. I extend my special aspiration to my parents who encouraged, inspired and brought me up to this academic level. The contribution of my wife Tigist Asrat is also gratefully acknowledged for her frequent moral encouragement, special support and motivation to prepare this thesis. Finally, my special thanks goes to the participants of the study and all who contribute for the completion of the paper. 2 Table of Contents Contents pages Acknowledgment …………………………………………………………………………………………..i
  • Administrative Region, Zone and Woreda Map of Oromia a M Tigray a Afar M H U Amhara a Uz N M

    Administrative Region, Zone and Woreda Map of Oromia a M Tigray a Afar M H U Amhara a Uz N M

    35°0'0"E 40°0'0"E Administrative Region, Zone and Woreda Map of Oromia A m Tigray A Afar m h u Amhara a uz N m Dera u N u u G " / m r B u l t Dire Dawa " r a e 0 g G n Hareri 0 ' r u u Addis Ababa ' n i H a 0 Gambela m s Somali 0 ° b a K Oromia Ü a I ° o A Hidabu 0 u Wara o r a n SNNPR 0 h a b s o a 1 u r Abote r z 1 d Jarte a Jarso a b s a b i m J i i L i b K Jardega e r L S u G i g n o G A a e m e r b r a u / K e t m uyu D b e n i u l u o Abay B M G i Ginde e a r n L e o e D l o Chomen e M K Beret a a Abe r s Chinaksen B H e t h Yaya Abichuna Gne'a r a c Nejo Dongoro t u Kombolcha a o Gulele R W Gudetu Kondole b Jimma Genete ru J u Adda a a Boji Dirmeji a d o Jida Goro Gutu i Jarso t Gu J o Kembibit b a g B d e Berga l Kersa Bila Seyo e i l t S d D e a i l u u r b Gursum G i e M Haro Maya B b u B o Boji Chekorsa a l d Lalo Asabi g Jimma Rare Mida M Aleltu a D G e e i o u e u Kurfa Chele t r i r Mieso m s Kegn r Gobu Seyo Ifata A f o F a S Ayira Guliso e Tulo b u S e G j a e i S n Gawo Kebe h i a r a Bako F o d G a l e i r y E l i Ambo i Chiro Zuria r Wayu e e e i l d Gaji Tibe d lm a a s Diga e Toke n Jimma Horo Zuria s e Dale Wabera n a w Tuka B Haru h e N Gimbichu t Kutaye e Yubdo W B Chwaka C a Goba Koricha a Leka a Gidami Boneya Boshe D M A Dale Sadi l Gemechis J I e Sayo Nole Dulecha lu k Nole Kaba i Tikur Alem o l D Lalo Kile Wama Hagalo o b r Yama Logi Welel Akaki a a a Enchini i Dawo ' b Meko n Gena e U Anchar a Midega Tola h a G Dabo a t t M Babile o Jimma Nunu c W e H l d m i K S i s a Kersana o f Hana Arjo D n Becho A o t
  • Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Ethiopia: the Political Situation

    Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Ethiopia: the Political Situation

    Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Ethiopia: The political situation Conducted 16 September 2019 to 20 September 2019 Published 10 February 2020 This project is partly funded by the EU Asylum, Migration Contentsand Integration Fund. Making management of migration flows more efficient across the European Union. Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5 Background ............................................................................................................ 5 Purpose of the mission ........................................................................................... 5 Report’s structure ................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 6 Identification of sources .......................................................................................... 6 Arranging and conducting interviews ...................................................................... 6 Notes of interviews/meetings .................................................................................. 7 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................ 8 Executive summary .................................................................................................. 9 Synthesis of notes ................................................................................................
  • Addis Ababa City Structure Plan

    Addis Ababa City Structure Plan

    Addis Ababa City Structure Plan DRAFT FINAL SUMMARY REPORT (2017-2027) AACPPO Table of Content Part I Introduction 1-31 1.1 The Addis Ababa City Development Plan (2002-2012) in Retrospect 2 1.2 The National Urban System 1.2 .1 The State of Urbanization and Urban System 4 1.2 .2 The Proposed National Urban System 6 1.3 The New Planning Approach 1.3.1 The Planning Framework 10 1.3.2 The Planning Organization 11 1.3.3 The Legal framework 14 1.4 Governance and Finance 1.4.1 Governance 17 1.4.2 Urban Governance Options and Models 19 1.4.3 Proposal 22 1.4.4 Finance 24 Part II The Structure Plan 32-207 1. Land Use 1.1 Existing Land Use 33 1.2 The Concept 36 1.3 The Proposal 42 2. Centres 2.1 Existing Situation 50 2.2 Hierarchical Organization of Centres 55 2.3 Major Premises and Principles 57 2.4 Proposals 59 2.5 Local development Plans for centres 73 3. Transport and the Road Network 3.1 Existing Situation 79 3.2 New Paradigm for Streets and Mobility 87 3.3 Proposals 89 4. Social Services 4.1 Existing Situation 99 4.2 Major Principles 101 4.3 Proposals 102 i 5. Municipal Services 5.1 Existing Situation 105 5.2 Main Principles and Considerations 107 5.3 Proposals 107 6. Housing 6.1 Housing Demand 110 6.2 Guiding Principles, Goals and Strategies 111 6.3 Housing Typologies and Land Requirement 118 6.4 Housing Finance 120 6.5 Microeconomic Implications 121 6.6 Institutional Arrangement and Regulatory Intervention 122 6.7 Phasing 122 7.
  • Do They Really Behave Differently? Implications for Maternal and Child Healthy Behavior Diffusi

    Do They Really Behave Differently? Implications for Maternal and Child Healthy Behavior Diffusi

    Kebede et al., Prim Health Care 2019, 9:2 alt y He hca ar re : im O r p P e f n o A l c a c n e r s u s o Primary Health Care: Open Access J ISSN: 2167-1079 Research Article Open Access They were Claimed Model Mothers: Do They Really Behave Differently? Implications for Maternal and Child Healthy Behavior Diffusion in Rural Contexts of Central Ethiopia Yohannes Kebede1*, Eshetu Girma2 and Gemechis Etana1 1Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute of Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia 2School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Abstract Background: Health Extension Program (HEP) was launched-innovative community health service since 2002 in Ethiopia. Since then, families have been graduating as models for the HEP. This study intended to compare model and non-model families (MFs and NMFs) on MCH behaviors. Methods: We conducted correlational study between mothers' model status and MCH service use in Sebeta Hawas district, Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 305 samples of MFs and NMFs were involved in the study. We applied simple random sampling. We used a questionnaire adapted from literatures together with discussion guides. It mainly composed of utilization of Family Planning (FP), antenatal care (ANC), delivery care (DC), postnatal care (PNC) and immunization. We analyzed the quantitative data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Finally, we triangulated the quantitative and qualitative findings. Results: The study showed statistically significant variations between MFs and NMFs over family size, knowledge of (ANC, delivery complications and PNC) and utilization of (FP and ANC visits).
  • Ethiopia NHA V Household Survey

    Ethiopia NHA V Household Survey

    Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health National Health Account (NHA V) Household Health Service Utilization and Expenditure Survey EFY 2003 (2010/11) March 2014 Recommended Citation: Ethiopia Ministry of Health. April 2014. Ethiopia’s Fifth National Health Accounts 2010/2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Program Management and support, funding for the NHA activities, and printing of this NHA report was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through Health Sector Financing Reform/Health Finance & Governance (HSFR/HFG) Project which is part of the USAID’s global Health Finance & Governance Project (HFG) Implemented by Abt Associates Inc. under cooperative agreementI -AID-OAA-A-12-00080. Table of Contents Pages List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... V List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... VII Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................... VIII Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................................................IX 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................
  • Assessment and Evaluation of Volcanic Rocks Used As Construction Materials in the City of Addis Ababa

    Assessment and Evaluation of Volcanic Rocks Used As Construction Materials in the City of Addis Ababa

    Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v8i2.7 Assessment and Evaluation of Volcanic Rocks Used as Construction Materials in the City of Addis Ababa Tesfaye Asresahagne Engidasew1* and Asmelash Abay2 1Geomatrix PLC, P.O. Box. 534 code 1250, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (*[email protected]). 2Department of Earth Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. ABSTRACT Addis Ababa capital city of Ethiopia at an elevation of about 2000 m above mean sea level is entirely covered with volcanic rocks, basalt, trachyte, ignimbrite and rhyolite. Construction industry makes use these rocks extensively and indiscriminately for structural loading, pavements, wall cladding, fencing, as cobblestone and masonry stones. The suitability of these rocks and their petrographic and physico-mechanical properties evaluation becomes important for their aforementioned applications. So, field observation and sample collection for laboratory investigations were conducted on six selected target areas of the city periphery. In doing so, the compressive strength, open porosity, water absorption and density of various volcanic rocks were studied in the central laboratory of the Geological Survey of Ethiopia. Based on the physico-mechanical test results, some layers of ignimbrites and rhyolites are found to be the best for use in the construction industry. Out of the six target areas, two areas located on the south and south eastern periphery of the Addis Ababa city were selected for possible dimension stone production. Therefore, these areas could be developed for dimension stone quarry and exploitation of these rocks could be as rough unprocessed building stone or better polished natural stones for a variety of uses.