3366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 22, 1971 at the University of Call:fornia at Los An­ Miss Devlin's principal message was the WELFARE OR WASTE geles. one she has reiterated during her current Administration ofticials say that should the speaking tour of American campuses: the delegation of Soviet scientists agree to at­ confiict in northern Ireland is a working­ tend the trial as .. observers,.. they would see class struggle and not the religious warfare it HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN for themselves that the trial was conducted is being portrayed in the world press. OF NEW HAMPSHIRE in a fair and unprejudicial manner. She drew a link between the efforts of poor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Concern that black mllltants could not Catholics in Ireland, poor blacks in the receive a fair trial in America was diSpelled United States and poor Vietnamese in South­ Thursday, February 18, 1971 following a scrupulously conducted trial of east Asia to break free from a capitalistic Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, neither Black Panther militants in New Haven, Conn. system that she says robs them of the value of what they create. State nor Federal welfare payments BREWSTER COMMENT CITED The audience crowded the ballroom of the ought to come anYWhere near being the Earlier, Kingman Brewster, president of student union, well beyond its posted limit equivalent of what a man can earn by an Yale University, expressed reservations over of 600 and hundreds of students sat in lob­ honest day's work. To the extent that the possib111ty that black milltants could bies and corridors to listen to a public ad­ people are sick, disabled, or mothers with receive a fair trial in America today. Otllcials dress system. Many people in the audience little children are in need, financial as­ here have no concern that Miss Davis would gave Miss Devlin an ovation when she fin­ not be afforded the same judicial care given ished. sistance is needed but it must not be per­ in the New Haven trial. She drew applause after telling the audi­ mitted to get out of hand to the point of In addition to Dr. Kapitsa, several others ence that President Nixon would never go encouraging people to stay on welfare in the Soviet group are believed to have pub­ on trial as an accessor"" to "the murder of the and not go to work. licly aligned themselves with liberal causes Vietnamese people" because "he's not black In this connection a recent letter writ­ in the Soviet Union. All belong to the Acad­ and he's not a Socialist." ten to the editor of the Manchester, N.H., emy of SCiences of the U.S.S.R. and are win­ Queen Elizabeth II is "a squatter in Buck­ Union Leader makes the point very well. ners of high Soviet scientific awards. Physi­ ingham Palace," which should, instead of The letter follows: cist Igor Y. Tamm is a winner of a Nobel being a royal residence, be used to house "100 prize for his work. All are honorary members working-class families," she told a ques­ WELFARE VERSUS WORKING MAN of American scientific academies-either the tioner. To the Editors: My sister-in-law receives U.S. Academy of Sciences or the American The British Army in northern Ireland and $252 per month from welfare plus $140 per Academy of Arts a,nd SCiences. the American Army in Vietnam are both seek­ month from her husband giving her a total ing, she said, to protect the interests of of $392 per month for a family a! five. !From the Washington Post, Feb. 16, 1971] capitalistic society. The total for a year Is $4,804 tax free plus MISS DEVLIN SCORES VARIETY OF TARGETS Asked why socialistic governments such as medicaid and furniture allowance. (By David R. Boldt) those she defends have to keep citizens in I work 40 hours a week and my year's sal­ Bernadette Devlin, 23-year-old Irish rev­ with barbed Wire, while captialistic countries ary is $4,922. Out of this I pay $254 for S.S., have to curb immigration, she said, "I have $204 for taxes, $75 for union dues, $125 for olutionary and member of the British great criticisms of the Russian system," and Parliament, raked Queen Elizabeth II, Presi­ Blue Cross, so it gives $4,254 to support my dent Nixon, the British and American armies, described it as not socialism, but "state cap­ family of five. italism." Welfare pays all medical expenses; Blue Soviet Russia and American capitalism last America had halted Irish immigration, she night at the University of Maryland. Cross half. Glasses and dental work are paid claimed, when American cap!talists dis­ by medicaid, while Blue Cross pays for none. Asked during questioning from the audi­ covered they could send their industries to ence if she advocated the overthrow of the Now please tell us whose better off. The one Ireland and exploit the Irish there "Without whose on welfare or the working man. U.S. government, she said, "I congratulate having to pay their fares over." the gentleman on his astuteness a! mind ... She received her largest crowd reactions in If the Nixon administration's family the answer is yes." handling hostile questioners. When some in assistance program can stop this sort of She added, however, that her principal the audience tried to shout down one of her thing and meaningfully encourage people concern was to bring about socia.list revolu­ antagonists, she cautioned, "You ought to let to go to work, it will be a significant ac­ tion in northern Ireland. the gentleman make a fool of himself." complishment.

HO·USE OF REPRE:SENTATIVE~ S-Monday, February 22, 1971 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Without objection, the Journal stands The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, approved. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S FARE­ D.D., offered the following prayer: There was no objection. WELL ADDRESS Preserve me, 0 God, tor in Thee do I The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the order of the House of February 8, 1971, the put my trust. Psalm 16: 1 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Our father's God, we come to Thee Chair recognizes the gentleman from with the sacred remembrance that on A message in writing from the Presi­ Virginia Mississippi. They have been wit­ afterwards the very engines which have discourage and restrain it. nesses to the formation of two treaties, lifted them to unjust dominion. It serves always to distract the public that with Great Britain and that with Towards the preservation of your gov­ councils, and enfeeble the public admin­ Spain, which secure to them everything ernment and the permanency of your istration. It agitates the community they could desire, in respect to our for- present happy state, it is requisite, not with ill founded jealousies and false February 22, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 3369 alarms; kindles the animosity of one part it simply be asked, where is the security every sentiment which ennobles human against another; foments occasional riot for property, for reputation, for life, if nature. Alas! is it rendered impossible and insurrection. It opens the door to the sense of religious obligation desert by its vices? foreign influence and corruption, which the oaths which are the instruments of In the execution of such a plan, noth­ finds a facilitated access to the govern­ investigation in courts of justice? and ing is more essential than that perma­ ment itself through the channels of let us with caution indulge the supposi­ nent, inveterate antipathies against par­ party passions. Thus the policy and the tion that morality can be maintained ticular nations and passionate attach­ will of one country are subjected to the without religion. Whatever may be con­ ment for others, should be excluded; policy and will of another. ceded to the influence of refined educa­ and that, in place of them, just and ami­ There is an opinion that parties in free tion on minds of peculiar structure, cable feelings towards all should be cul­ countries are useful checks upon the reason and experience both forbid us to tivated. The nation which indulges administration of the government, and expect, that national morality can pre­ towards another an habitual hatred, or serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. vail in exclusion of religious principle. an habitual fondness is in some degree This within certain limits is probably It is substantially true, that virtue or a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or true; and in governments of a monar­ morality is a necessary spring of popular to its affection, either of which is sufil­ chial cast, patriotism may look with government. The rule, indeed, extends cient to lead it astray from its duty and indulgence, if not with favor, upon the with more or less force to every species its interest. Antipathy in one nation spirit of party. But in those of the popu­ of free government. Who that is a sin­ against another, disposes each more lar character, in governments purely cere friend to it can look with indiffer­ readily to offer insult and injury, to lay elective, it is a spirit not to be encour­ ence upon attempts to shake the founda­ hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to aged. From their natural tendency, it is tion of the fa.bric? be haughty and intractable when acci­ certain there will always be enough of Promote, then, as an object of primary dental or trifling occasions of dispute that spirit for every salutary purpose. importance, institutions for the general occur. Hence, frequent collisions, ob­ And there being constant danger of ex­ diffusion of knowledge. In proportion stinate, envenomed, and bloody contests. cess, the effort ought to be, by force of as the structure of a government gives The nation, prompted by ill will and re­ public opinion, to mitigate and assuage force to public opinion, it should be en­ sentment, sometimes impels to war the it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands lightened. government, contrary to the best calcu­ a uniform vigilance to prevent it burst­ As a very important source of strength lations of policy. The government ing into a flame, lest instead of warming, and security, cherish public credit. One sometimes participates in the national it should consume. method of preserving it is to use it as propensity, and adopts through passion It is important likewise, that the habits sparingly as possible, avoiding occasions what reason would reject; at other times, of thinking in a free country should in­ of expense by cultivating peace, but re­ it makes the animosity of the nation spire caution in those intrusted with its membering, also, that timely disburse­ subservient to projects of hostility, insti­ administration, to confine themselves ments, to prepare for danger, frequently gated by pride, ambition, and other sin­ within their respective constitutional prevent much greater disbursements to ister and pernicious motives. The peace spheres, a voiding in the exercise of the repel it; avoiding likewise the accumu­ often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of powers of one department, to encroach lation of debt, not only by shunning oc­ nations, has been the victim. upon another. The spirit of encroach­ casions of expense, but by vigorous exer­ So likewise, a passionate attachment ment tends to consolidate the powers of tions, in time of peace, to discharge the of one nation for another produces a all the departments in one, and thus to debts which unavoidable wars may have variety of evils. Sympathy for the fa­ create, whatever the form of government, occasioned, not ungenerously throwing vorite nation, facilitating the illusion of a real despotism. A just estimate of that upon posterity the burden which we an imaginary common interest; in cases love of power and proneness to abuse it ourselves ought to bear. The execution where no real common interest exists, which predominate in the human heart, of these maxims belongs to your repre­ and infusing into one the enmities of is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of sentatives, but it is necessary that public the other, betrays the former into a par­ this position. The necessity of recipro­ opinions should co-operate. To facilitate ticipation in the quarrels and wars of cal checks in the exercise of political to them the performance of their duty, it the latter, without adequate inducements power, by dividing and distributing it into is essential that you should practically or justifications. It leads also to con­ different depositories, and constituting bear in mind, that towards the payment cessions, to the favorite nation, of privi­ each the guardian of the public weal of debts there must be revenue; that to leges denied to others, which is apt against invasions of the others, has been have revenue there must be taxes; that doubly to injure the nation making the evinced by experiments ancient and mod­ no taxes can be devised which are not concessions, by unnecessary parting ern: some of them in our country and more or less inconvenient and unpleas­ with what ought to have been retained, under our own eyes.-To preserve them ant; that the intrinsic embarrassment and by exciting jealousy, ill will, and a must be as necessary as to institute them. inseparable from the selection of the disposition to retaliate in the parties If, in the opinion of the people, the dis­ proper object (which is always a choice from whom equal privileges are with­ tribution or modification of the constitu­ of difficulties), ought to be a decisive held; and it gives to ambitious, corrupted tional powers be in any particular wrong, motive for a candid construction of the or deluded citizens who devote them­ let it be corrected by an amendment in conduct of the government in making it, selves to the favorite nation, facility to the way which the constitution desig­ and for a spirit of acquiescence in the betray or sacrifice the interests of their nates.-But let there be no change by measures for obtaining revenue, which own country, without odium, sometimes usurpation; for though this, in one in­ the public exigencies may at any time even with popularity; gilding with the stance, may be the instrument of good, it dictate. appearances of a virtuous sense of obli­ is the customary weapon by which free Observe good faith and justice towards gation, a commendable deference for governments are destroyed. The prece­ all nations; cultivate peace and harmony public opinion, or a laudable zeal for dent must always greatly overbalance in with all. Religion and morality enjoin public good, the base of foolish compli­ permanent evil, any partial or transcient this conduct, and can it be that good ances of ambition, corruption, or infat­ benefit which the use can at any time policy does not equally enjoin it? It will uation. yield. be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at As avenues to foreign influence in Of all the dispositions and habits no distant period, a great nation, to give innumerable ways, such attachments are which lead to political prosperity, reli­ to mankind the magnanimous and too particularly alarming to the truly en­ gion and morality are indispensable sup­ novel example of a people always guided lightened and independent patriot. How ports. In vain would that man claim the by an exalted justice and benevolence. many opportunities do they afford to tribute of patriotism, who should labor Who can doubt but, in the course of time tamper with domestic factions, t.o prac­ to subvert these great pillars of human and things, the fruits of such a plan tice the arts of seduction, to mislead happiness, these firmest props of the would richly repay any temporary ad­ public opinion, to influence or awe the duties of men and citizens. The mere vantages which might be lost by a steady public councils !-Such an attachment of politician, equally with the pious man, adherence to it; can it be that Provi­ a small or weak, towards a great and ought to respect and to cherish them. A dence has not connected the permanent powerful nation, dooms the former to be volume could not trace all their connec­ felicity of a nation with its virtue? The the satellite of the latter. tions with private and public felicity. Let experiment, at least, is recommended by Against the insidious wiles of foreign 3370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 22, 1971 influence, Rhode Island company has pro­ 5. Preliminary evidence indicates that in­ for months without FDA's knowledge. duced a new desk system which offers itial learning through a child's non-English I, along with my colleagues, KYRos, hope for the improved teaching of the home language does not hinder learning in CARTER, and HASTINGS am today introduc­ retarded. The Higgins Teledesk, produced English or other school subjects; ing legislation to correct this situation by Instructive Devices, Inc., of Paw­ 6. Differences among first, second, and for­ by requiring all drugs be registered. This tucket, R.I., is presently being used in eign languages need to be understood if will give us a catalog of all the drugs on the Nathaniel Green School, also located learning through them is to be sequenced the shelves which we now assume to be in Pawtucket. effectively. safe and effective. The end result of this To date, the desk has been extremely 7. The best order of the learning of basic law will be that FDA at least knows what successful. Miss Sara J. Hagan, a special skills in a language--whether first or sec­ ond-needs to be understood and respected is being sold throughout the Nation and education teacher at the school, said: if best results are to be obtained; this order can, if it then wishes, inquire further of One of the major advantages, especially is normally, especially for children: listen­ the manufacturer as to whether or not for brain damaged children, is that it holds ing comprehension, speaking, reading, and the product should be the subject to test­ their attention . . . I've had not one child who writing. ing. I would add that this legislation hasn't liked the machine. 8. Young children have an impressive would carry out the recommendation of I hope that all of my colleagues will learning capacity; especially 1n the case of the Task Force on Drug Research and take a moment to read the following ar­ language learning, the young child learns Regulatory Affairs. more easily and better than adolescents or ticle from the February 17 edition of the adults the sound system, the basic structure, In order to point out some of the re­ Providence Evening Bulletin. The Hig­ and vocabulary of a language. cent examples, I have inquired of FDA gins Teledesk deserves a chance to be 9. Closely related to bllingualism is· bicul­ and would like to enclose in the RECORD used throughout the country. turalism, which should be an integral part at this time, some specific cases which RHODE ISLAND DESK Wn.L AID RETARDED of bilingual instruction. add emphasis to the need for new legis­ 10. Bllingual education holds the promise lation. (By S. Robert Chiappinelli) of helping to harmonize various ethnic ele­ A small Rhode Island company is produc­ ments in a community into a mutually re­ 1. Aminopyrine and dipyrone preparations ing a. new desk system that appears to offer apectful and creative pluralistic society. which after many years of m .arketlng were hope for improved teaching of the retarded brought under the new drug procedures; we and possibly of other children as well. Ours is a nation two of whose premises lacked a reliable method of determining what "One of the major advantages, especially are first, the stress on education as a drugs were being marketed and were sub· for brain damaged children, is that it holds means for every child to learn and to ject to the new policy. their attention," said Miss Sara J. Hagan, a advance himself, and second, the stress 2. Coronary vasodilators, some of which special education teacher at the Nathanael were recently brought into the new drug area, Greene School in Pawtucket where the desk on maintaining each cultural group's and all of which were required to conform is getting its first public school testing in the heritages and traditions. The bilingual to prescribed labeling; again we could not stat e. education program--of particular impor­ be sure that all distributors of these drugs Called the Higgins Teledesk and produced tance in New York City to our Spanish­ learned about the change in policy published b y Instructive Devices, Inc., of Pawtucket, speaking citizens--combines both these in the Federal Register because our search the desk is the product of almost a. decade of premises. It seeks to facilitate the educa­ undoubtedly did not reveal all suppliers of research and development by Dr. Conwell tional opportunities of our children for such drugs. Riggins, chief psychologist of the Albany, whom English is a second language, while 3. Cobalt-containing drugs; we called over N.Y., Board of Education, and the firm. 20 firms listed as suppliers to request that "They love this," Miss Hagan said of the maintaining their pride in the language marketing be stopped. Since the registration approximately 15 youngsters who have used Jf their birthright. requirements of Section 510 of the Federal the machine which fiashes pictures on a Consequently, this program must re­ Act does not require drug manufacturers and small screen in its center. "They're really ceive adequate funding. That is why pas­ distributors to list all of the drugs they mar­ geared to the machine. I've had not one child sage of my bill, H.R. 1589, providing an ket, it could not be determined for certain who hasn't liked the machine." additional $55 million for fiscal year 1971 that all suppliers of cobalt-containing drugs "A lot of kids we just can't communicate is had been contacted. In addition, we do not with," explained Edward W. Riccio, founder for the bilingual education program, know whether the Federal Register publica­ of the firm. "The only way that we can com­ so essential. tion regarding our policy on these drugs has municate with them is with pictures." reached all suppliers because we do not have Miss Hagan explained that the attention complete information on who supplies these span of a. retarded child is generally quite LEGISLATION TO REQUIRE ALL drugs. short, which makes it difficult to teach them. DRUGS BE REGISTERED 4. FDA implementation of the National However, with the desk and its pictures the Academy of Science-National Research Coun­ youngsters appear totally involved, locked

"It . m.akes the child independent ," Miss point in the RECORD, and to include ex­ about the two presidents who have given the Hagan said. "They can do t his on their own." traneous matter.) leadership to the move to support greater The inserted cartridge starts the images flash­ funds for the humanities. Lt was Johnson ing on the screen. Mr. TIERNAN. Mr. Speaker, there are who had endorsed the first bill, and thlngs If that part icular program concentrates on not many men who would say: "I'm an were proceeding well until "he got himself t he concept of t wo, for inst ance, the sequence arrogant, effete, Eastern intellectual­ in his God-damned war," Keeney says. Then, begins by representing p airs of object s and and a WASP to boot. I'm also a snob. I on Richard Nixon: "Nixon, of course, has no builds to the numeral itself. think it's a fine thing." But then, there is reputation at all as an artist or humanist-­ The youngsters do not have t o be able t o only one Barnaby Keeney. but, for one reason or another, he's supported read and the teacher can adjust t he desk He is, as Haynes Johnson of Wash­ this very generously." beforehand to give them as much time as Keeney still expresses the same kind of con­ needed to answer before t he machine moves ington Post tabbed him, "a resident wise cern about the support of the humanities on to the next pictw·e. man." He is a former president of Brown that led him to accept Johnson's appoint­ The youngsters' answers are recorded on University and President Johnson ap­ ment five years ago. "I'm more concerned a tape cassette in case the teacher is not pointed him the first Chairman of the about the humanities," he said, "because present. The st udents sometimes are asked National Endowment for the Humanities. that's what's lacking in our society-the dis­ t o match t he artifacts to pict ures on the Presently, Dr. Keeney is the chief execu­ inclination to ask why, or to ask where are screen or to circle groups on t he screen. tive officer of a. consortium of five major we going. That's where we've always had The markings are easily erased. universities here in Washington. trouble. We've always had a lack of under­ "This is basically what education is trying standing of the past." to get back to--the person," Miss Hagan said. Dr. Keeney's distinguished service to Actually, Keeney can take considerable sat­ "This provides for the child to be at his the humanities is unparalleled. I urge my isfaction in the change in attitudes toward own pace. They have as many chances as they colleagues to take the time to read the supporting the humanities. When the pro­ want. If they don't get it the first time they following article which appeared in the gram was first introduced in 1966, many con­ can go baCk." Washington Post. Their time will be well gressmen opposed even the barest federal en­ Some children take 10 or 15 minutes, .:>th­ spent. dowment of the arts. ers 30 or 35 but thelr lnterest does not wan­ One fear dominated the debate: the old der. The concentration of two children with (From the Washington Post, Jan. 14, 1971] bugaboo of government control of the arts. severe brain damage has been "unbellevable" A RESIDENT WISE MAN As an indication of how Views have changed, the special education teacher said. She be­ (By Haynes Johnson) in the last Congress many of the same con­ lieves the desk has potential for teaching Barnaby Keeney is an irreverent iconoclast gressmen who initially had opposed the idea language arts and children with hearing who, at tea one afternoon, slouches over his voted to support President Nixon's recom­ problems. "You can do this with anything," desk, peers over his glasses, offers an apple mendation and double the authorized fund­ she said of the concept. to his guests, and says, disarmingly, "I'm an lng of the National Foundation of the Arts George Quinlan, New England sales rep­ arrogant, effete, Eastern intellectual-and a and Humanities. H. R. Gross of Iowa, as resentative of the company and a former WASP to boot. I'm also a snob. I think it's a staunch a supporter of free enterprise and member of the audio-visual department in fine thing." foe of big-government spending as can be the Pawtucket system. interested Miss Hagan Although he would cringe at the term, found in the Congress, remarked then that a friend, and the special education d~part­ there hadn't been so many converts in a long Keeney is also one of the resident wise men t ime. ment in the machine. of Washington. If there are any dissenters "We have several di1Ierent categories of t o that claim, Keeney even has a new citation A major reason for the change lay in the special education," said Frank Kleniewski, to prove it (but, of course, he would never demonstrated effectiveness of the program. principal. "I felt if it didn't suit one group show it or refer to it). Under Keeney's leadership, the foundation it would suit another." When the scholars of Phi Beta Kappa led to a flowering of support for the arts in The machine is just one of several educa­ America, with the federal grants generating looked around for an American deserving of three times as much private financing. tional devices being produced at the com­ their first award for distinguished service to pany, which was founded by Mr. Riccio. But if this gives Keeney justifiable satis­ the humanities, they went no farther than faction, there is much in American life today who left a profitable position at the age of Keeney. He was, they said, a man "whose that causes him deep concern. Musing aloud 50 to start his own company and patent a qu alifications were so far above dispute as to testing device. about the shape of the future, he spoke of make him the sole and unanimous choice." spiraling population, increasing pollution, The device, called Testma.te, is a frame They went on to say, superfluously and effu­ lowering standards and greater tensions af­ into which a sheet containing multiple choice sively, that he was a man of "incisiveness" fecting nearly every one's life. questions is inserted. The students press a with "the breadth of understanding that "I got thinking so hard this morning about pencil point on their choice. characterizes the true humanist," a person these things," Keeney said, with another If it is correct the pencil punctures the of "earthy common sense and unerring ca­ puckish smile, "that I almost drove in front paper. If not it leaves a dot. The student pacit y to get to the issues and close with of a big car-and then, while walking, I al­ continues pressing until he gets the correct it ..." Kenney, they concluded, certainly most walked right into a school bus. I think answer. The dots indicate how many incor­ would est ablish a "worthy line of descent for that would have been inconsiderate to all rect guesses he made. h is successors." those school kids." That deVice is being used in a driver edu­ Such accolades would either sink-or Then. more seriously, he said: cation program the company has developed swell-most men, Keeney takes it all in "I think we're a self-liquidating proposi­ in connection with Ford Motor Company's stride. He has that rare capacity to refuse tion unless we make some really hard choices. traffic safety and highway improvement de­ to be impressed with honors. And we-I mean, America-can't make them partment. Some years ago, when Lyndon Johnson ap­ alone. It's a worldwide problem. pointed him the first chairman of the Na­ The program was used in about 50 Massa­ "We've got to stop fouling up the en­ chusetts schools last year and is scheduled tional Endowment for the Humanities, an effort aimed at attracting to the humanities vironment and we've got to stop fouling up for about 100 schools there this year. The the people with low-grade education, and company also is doing audiovisual work for some of the attention and money that was we've got to stop letting large numbers of the state Division of Unemployment Compen­ being poured into science, Keeney reacted with characteristic wry self-depreciation. people breed themselves into inadequate and sation and has a series of programs on cur­ hopeless lives." rent problems such as drugs, smoking and "I'm not a bit brighter today than when I was flunking third grade," he said, To fur­ Already, he went on, the damage to the alcohol. environment was irreparable in some areas. Donald H. Gray, director of the company ther disabuse anyone of the idea that Kee­ ney, a former president of Brown University "You may not be able to unpollute what is which began in Mr. Riccio's house in Barring­ polluted entirely, but in 50 to 100 years ton, said it showed a profit for the first time and distinguished Renaissance scholar, was some ivory-tower savant, he added: "If I met you can reduce the pollution to a tolerable last year and is ready now for full scale pro­ level. duction of its teaching desk. with intellectuals on weekends, I would per­ haps have more ideas on Monday. But when "You know, there's serious consideration Mr. Riccio sees international possib111ties you are with intellectuals all week, you being given by some scientists to increasing for the desk, which centers on pictures. "The should go fishing on weekends." the length. of human life. I think that's the language of pictures is universal," he said. Time has not tempered Keeney's tongue, most stupid thing you can do. If people live "We just have to put in the di1Ierent lan­ nor altered his habit of poking fun at him­ longer. They're going to stay fertile longer. guage." self and his surroundings. He is now the new I'm one person who doesn't want to see life chief executive officer of a consortium of five prolonged." of Washington, D.C.'s major universities. Did that mean Barnaby Keeney, the hu­ TRffiUTE TO DR. BARNBY KEENEY When asked what he was doing, he shrugged manist, had become a pessimist? OF BROWN UNIVERSITY his shoulders and said, "This is where the Keeney peered over his glasses again and elephants go to die, and a lot of them are paused a moment. wn to man. When problem. abroad, to protect the lives and property I was very small, America seemed like a great Second, we must recognize, Alexis of Americans abroad and to comply with red, white, and blue eagle in the distance-­ as unblemished and untouchable. Yet as I come de Tocqueville said: a treaty obligation. However, the Pres­ closer, as I grow older, to the actual sub­ No protracted war can fail to endanger the ident could not continue the hostilities stance of the eagle, I realize that the eagle's freedom of a democratic country. for more than 30 days unless he ob­ paint is chipped, the red, white, and blue tains congressional authorization. This colors somewhat faded, and the eagle itself President Nixon stated last spring as a bill seems to have broad support and I is scratched and scarred. Realizing these defense of our involvement in Cambodia, am today introducing it here in the faults is not necessarily bad. It is up to my that "doing too little for an ally can in­ House. generation not only to realize the faults in duce a sense of despair." What he and We must end this war and begin the America, but to avoid whitewashing them­ many others do not realize is that a peo­ task of rebuilding this country. We need not merely to repaint America in the red, ple lacking jobs, lacking adequate hous­ the help of the people of this Nation. white, and blue, but to check the founda­ ing and health care, a people who are tions of freedom for which the colors, and Not the shouting of obscene slogans, or the nation, stand. threatened on all sides by a polluted en­ the waving of Vietcong flags, or the The best way to reaffirm the principles of vironment, are much more vulnerable to bombing of buildings. You cannot merely freedom is through knowledge. In our highly hostile powers than a people whose do­ complain or demonstrate or use vio­ technological state, we often mistake facts mestic life is built around respect for lence to impose your will. This does as and formula for timeless truths. We must human values. We should have learned much to destroy this country as does instead study the lessons of history and aim at wisdom, a knowledge of abstract, human long ago that we cannot build confidence the continuation of the war, and I or credibility by stubbornly persisting in variables. Americans 1i ving today are the abhor it just as much. What we need best-educated people the world has ever a futile venture. There can be no credi­ is your energy and your support. Do not known, but we are still all too often ignorant bility unless the original cause is sound. mellow in despondency, for a senseless of the human side of freedom. Ignorance And, third, it is up to the people of this war tolerated in frustration or mis­ forces us into corners. Young people today, Nation not to retreat into despondency understanding is no less senseless. following often limited perspectives, are and frustration. The invasion of Laos We may not be able to pressure the often forced into two camps--those who are was greeted with apathy in this country. President to end this war, but we can blindly patriotic to America, or those who Do we truly believe that it is somehow get the Congress to stop it. Let us hear are totally critical of the American system. clean and fair to kill from the air, but Neither group furthers the cause of freedom. the voices of the people of America once As Americans, we need to broaden our­ it is an atrocity when it is done at Mylai? again. selves and to broaden our definition of free­ This war will end only by an act of President Kennedy once said: dom. A great American once said, "No man Congress. Unfortunately, Congress often The men who create power make an in­ is free until every man is free." With our does not act on its own, but instead reacts dispensable contribution to the nation's heritage of freedom comes the responsibility to citizen pressure. Last spring there was greatness, but the men who question power to bring all men, world-wide, closer to real­ a tremendous response by the people of make a contribution just as indispensable. izing the ideal of freedom. We can strength­ this country to the invasion of Cambodia. en our definition of freedom by studying It is this latter role that we seek. both the advocates and the critics of the Largely as a result of this public outcry, American system. If that system is not the Church-Cooper amendment was strong enough to stand such close inspec­ passed by Congress. The President re­ SELECTION OF MISS MEREDITH tion, then it needs redirection. However, in sponded by saying he would not use AS the past, America has always been able to ROLLINS, OF BILLINGS, MONT., withstand, and has often profited from, the ground troops, but he has used air and 1971 MONTANA VOICE OF DEMOC­ seapower, advisers, and medical aides. harshest criticisms and the closest examina­ We could now enact legislation to pre­ RACY CONTEST WINNER tions. vent the use of these additional men in Harvard University professor on is bound by the conclusion of the Warren by competent legal authorities? This ques­ sabbatical leave. This message requested oommission arising from its report on trans- tlon is particularly pertinent in the light of these embassies to notify the Department of actions between Lee Harvey Oswald and the current domestic crime problems. In other State of any information received by them State Department. The New York Times is words, does the Times advocate that the concerning Professor Hughes' a-ctivities aware of this fact in view of the ample line- Passport Office refuse to cooperate with law abroad. age it gave the Warren Commission Report. enforcement agencies of the Federal and This classified message was "leaked" to the The New York Times article dated Febru- State governments? New York Times and was virtually quoted ary 11, 1971 is captioned "Passport Office has 5. Does the New York Times advocate a verbatim by that newspaper. In its issue of Secret File." The fact that the Passport refusal to respect court orders granting the March 23, 1966, the New York Times touched Office has such a file is not a secret; it was custody of children to one of the parents, off its ever-ready panic button and alleged published in 1964 in the hearings of the thereby permitting through the Issuance of the State Department was conducting a "sur­ Warren Commission; the categories of per- a passport the other parent to illegally take veillance" of U.S. citizens during their travel sons listed in the Passport Office "lookout children out of the country? abroad. The article further stated that Miss file" have been discussed in various Congres- 6. Does the New York Times advocate Frances G. Knight, Director of the Passport slonal hearings available to tl?-e New. York travel assistance to military deserters or se­ Office, "had been reproved by he1· superiors" T!mes as well as to the publlc. Particular lective service delinquents who are subjects for sending the message. Both statements reference is made to a report of April 4, 1957 of warrants of arrest? were lies. i~ued by the Subcommittee on . Constitu- 7. Does the New York Times advocate non­ In a letter of March 23, 1966, Senator Ed­ ti, Public Law 91- the Russians. We do business with the which they are entitled under law. 513, the Chair appoints as members of Russians who are the major material sup- 3384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE fl''ebruary 22, 1971 port for our enemies in Vietnam. Hence, Another curious incident is to be found DEATH OF REPRESENTATIVE MEN­ the United States is in the uncomfortable in the ca.se of the Japanese, who, like the DEL RIVERS STILL PRODUCING position of having to rely upon the So­ United States, :.mpport the U.N. trade SHOCK WAVES THROUGHOUT viet Union for more than 60 percent of sanctions against Rhodesia. Japan has THIS NATION AND THE FREE its chrome requirements. substantially reduced her chrome im­ WORLD What is more, the Soviets, taking ports from Russia but has moved ahead The SPEAKER. Under a previous or­ advantage of the stranglehold they of the United States in her production of stainless steel. Is Japan buying Rho­ der of the House the gentleman from Ala­ have on us, have skyrocketed the bama (Mr. EDWARDS) is recognized for 5 price of the ore to almost three times desian chrome? minutes. tfie presanction costs. Russia's presanc­ Our last startling fact is that the Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. tion prices were lower than Rhodesia's. U.S.S.R. is self-sufficient in 29 major in­ Speaker, the death last month of Con­ Today we pay Russia approximately dustrial raw materials whereas the gressman Mendel Rivers is still produc­ $28,000,000 a year when we could be re­ United States is only self-sufficient in 10. ing shock waves throughout this Nation ceiving the same amount from American The more dependent we become on Rus­ and the free world. Many of us might firms in Rhodesia for approximately sia for our resources, the more vulnerable be inclined at this late date to merely $17,00.0,000. One American company becomes our national security. We must pay lipservice to the event of his sad which buys from Russia reports that it not be blind to the fact that this fits death as simply the loss of another noble has been forced to accept 1 ton of sub­ right into the Russian General Logar­ statesman. standard ore for every ton of high-grade skij 's theory in his book, "Strategy and To those of us who knew Mendel ore purchased. Economics," in which he expounds his Rivers, his stature as a noble statesman Understandably enough, the State De­ "weak link commodity" theory. This was beyond the ordinary. He was a giant partment has realized this embarrassing theory explicitly calls for Russia to de­ among legislators in his day and the situation and has now quietly recom­ velop strategic material markets until alertness and concise logic of his oratory mended to Congress that we supply the other countries slowly develop a weak will, to be sure, echo through the Halls deficit in our need for chromium from our link in their own supply line, thus be­ of Congress for years to come. emergency stockpile instead of becoming coming completely dependent on Rus­ That Mendel Rivers was a champion more dependent on Russia. If our rate of sia. We are doing just this and handing in the cause for a strong, secure America dependency on Russian sources continues Russia a powerful weapon. is an understatement. His stand against to increase as it has so far, in a few short Congress is the only governmental those who would rather see America's years we would be 95 percent dependent body that can change this state of affairs. defense posture reduced to the gutless on Russia for this strategic material. It is obvious that the State Department shambles of the pre-World War II To become this dependent on Russia must place the needs of the United States broomstick Army era, will not soon be is bad enough but let us take a look at the uppermost, and no longer continue to forgotten. Mendel Rivers knew and saw alternative offered by the OEP. We re­ weaken our national security. Why we the enemy within and without for every tain our 60-percent dependence on Rus­ should try to hurt the small country of diabolical capability that enemy repre­ sia without increasing it. At the same Rhodesia and help Russia is beyond my sented. And he never once considered time we take 30 percent chromium ore out comprehension. And at the same time we lowering the storm warning flag to effect of ow· stockpile on an annual basis. In 3 are seriously impairing our own national a compromise on the question of exactly short years our stockplle is depleted and economy. how strong America should remain. He if the Russians cut off our supply, we Gentlemen, the issue is quite clear. plotted his course to this end early in are left with extremely inadequate Will the United States buy chrome so as life and never wavered from it. sources of import, with no reserves in our to profit Russia, or will we buy chrome so Across the pages of history, the name stockpile, and with no more stainless as to build national security for the of Mendel Rivers will stand tall along­ steel. I am assuming that this is in time United States? side those of the world's greatest pro­ of peace. In the case of a national emer­ phetic thinkers. He was a spirited in­ gency, I do not need to tell you how cru­ spiration to free men everywhere. cial this would be. TAKE PRIDE IN AMERICA To bring the issue more sharply into The SPEAKER. Under a previous or­ focus, let us Usten to the warning of a OIL PRICE STATEMENT past Deputy Director of the Office of der of the House the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. MILLER) is recognized for 5 The SPEAKER. Under a previous or­ Emergency Preparedness, Mr. Fred Rus­ minutes. sell, in his testimony before the Digg's der of the House the gentlewoman from committee on October 31, 1969. Mr. Rus­ Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Connecticut (Mrs. GRASSO) is recog­ sell said: today we should take note of America's nized for 30 minutes. great accomplishments and in so doing Further sales from the stockpile would Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, for too only serve the need for the relatively short renew our faith and confidence in our­ long now the American people have been time it would take to exhaust the stockpile selves as individuals and as a Nation. enduring a terrible inflation that has excess. Assuming that the U.S.S.R. would Frenchman Jean-Jacques Servan­ brought despair and discouragement and continue to ship chrome ore to the United Schreiber made some rather profound financial disaster to many. In these States at the present level indefinitely, realiz­ observations about American know-how times our people look to the Congress ing that the other known amounts of chro­ in his best seller, The American Chal­ to provide the leadership, vision, and mium ore elsewhere in :the world gradually lenge: are becoming exhausted, and knowing that determination to help bring about the the U.S. chrome ore needs are increasing each During the past ten years, from the end of national climate required to ease these year, there is no way to see chromium ore the cold war and the launching of the first burdens of our citizens, so as to renew needs of the United States being met without Sputnik, American power has made an un­ the faith and trust of all Americans who chromium ore from Rhodesia. precedented leap forward. It has undergone seek economic security. a violent and productive internal revolution. Today, I would like to discuss one area Let us review a few other curious facts. Technological innovation has now become Communist China imports no chromium the basic objective of economic policy. In deeply affected by inflation and a source ore from the U.S.S.R. I quote from a Lon­ America today the government official, in­ of great anxiety to all of us. dustrial manager, the economics professor, It is particularly distressing to me that don Times article entitled, ''Who Buys the engineer, and the scientist have joined Rhodesia's Chrome?": the people of New England and of my forces to develop coordinated techniques for State of Connecticut have been for many It has been going to Communist China. Be­ integrating factors of production . . . years now required to pay excessively cause she is not a member of the U.N., China America today stm resembles Europe-­ is not bound by :the resolution. Peking Radio with a 15-year head start. She belongs to the high fuel oil prices. The startling and calls the Rhodesians 'fascist aggressors' but same industrial society. But in 1980 the disappointing fact is that the combina­ Peking buys Rhodesia's chromium. China United States will have entered another tion of artificially high oil prices and uses it in her defense industries and it may world, and if we fail to catch up, the Amer­ serious fuel oil shortages in New Eng­ well have accelerated her progress towards icas will have a monopoly on know-how, land result not from a lack of available becoming a nuclear power. science, and power. oil resources, but from a failure to prop- February 22, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3385 erly distribute those resources which we the scheme to control fuel resources and agency, the Nation would be in a posi­ are blessed with in this country and prevent price competition in the oil in­ tion to considerably increase the amount which are available from distant lands dustry. At the opening of his subcom­ and quality of energy research toward for use in the United States. mittee hearing on pollution and alleged seeking new ways of producing energy Presently, we are faced with a drastic price-fixing in the oil industry during the with greater efficiency, and thereby con­ increase in energy use in this Nation last session of Congress, Senate PHILIP serving fuel. which has risen at a rate of approxi­ A. HART suggested that if States stopp-ed There is certainly no excuse for wast­ mately 5 percent per year since 1965, curbing off-:;.hore production, existing ing energy, and up to now all of us as compared to an average of less than 3 wells in Federal waters would increase consumers can take responsibility for percent during the previous 20 years. In their output by some 500,000 barrels a the lack of proper controls and proper 1969, Connecticut consumers used over day. That fuel source, Senator HART education as to the need and importance 22,673,000 barrels of fuel oil, according predicted, would drop the prices of do­ of conserving our energy base. to the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Also, the mestic crude by 30 cents a day and save Not too long ago, crude oil prices cost to consumers of No.2 oil in my State consumers up to 10 percent in gas bills. jumped by 25 cents per barrel. This ac­ has risen sharply to nearly 20 cents per Mr. Speaker, I would strongly support tion which is presently under investiga­ gallon from 15.2 cents per gallon in 1965. the repeal of the Connally Act. tion was the fourth effort since Febru­ Connecticut homes are paying 28 per­ In my view the proper way to deal with ary 1969 to raise gasoline prices na­ cent more for No.2 fuel oil per year than our present fuel oil difficulties is to divorce tionally. These developments forced consumers in Montreal who are not un­ ourselves from the piecemeal policies President Nixon on December 4, 1970, to der an import quota system. The costs which have greatly distorted the national increase allowable imports from Canada of residual oil for heating schools, fac­ perspective on oil and to plan out im­ and to end the practice of limiting Fed­ tories, and other similar establishments mediate and far-ranging steps by which eral off-shore oil production in voluntary have nearly doubled for the month of we can insure the future fuel oil security compliance with State production con­ January 1971 from January 1969. that American consumers desperately trols. There are two major reasons why we need and rightly deserve. These actions of the President were in the northeast and throughout the Among immediate areas to consider is desirable and timely; however, it is dis­ country are experiencing this fuel oil insuring a substantial increase in domes­ appointing that the administration de­ crisis. One is the problem of inequitable tic production of residual oil. Also, we cided in January to cut back by one­ but mandatory oil import quotas, insti­ must encourage the building of low-sul­ third the amount of fuel oil imports to tuted in 1959, which have drastically fur, low-pollution residual fuel oil re­ the northeast. Also, it is essential that limited the supply of oil entering the fining capacity on the east coast. In ad­ the Congress take further steps to country. Of course, it must be quickly dition, import controls on No. 2 home broaden and strengthen efforts to ease pointed out how undesirable it woulld be heating oil should be eliminated, par­ our fuel oil problems. Mr. Speaker, this for the United States to be in a position ticularly because the pressure on No. 2 whole subject of American fuel oil pol­ of heavy reliance on oil sources from out­ has increased so much as a result of its icy has been explored repeatedly by side this country, particularly from po­ growing use as a substitute for residual many oil experts during the course of litically volatile areas such as the Middle oil. Quotas on crude oil from Canada, im­ countless hearings, reports, and commis­ East. However, in February of 1970, posed last March, should l;>e lifted since it sion studies. However, one need not be President Nixon's Cabinet Task Force on is estimated that Canada can add 150,- an oil expert to know that the present Oil Import Control reported that these 000 barrels a day to present pipeline oil policies are having a decidedly dreadful quotas cost American consumers over $5 shipments. impact on the day-to-day lives of mil­ billion annually in artificially high prices. In addition, the President should in­ lions of Americans. Many of my con­ The Task Force further stated that the sure that an emergency allocation sys­ stituents have informed me of their present quotas are not justified on tem is devised to assist areas when acute hardships under the present infiation­ grounds of national security, which had heating oil crises develop during the win­ ary cycle, often including copies of their been the chief reason for their original ter months. Such a system could help fuel oil bills over a period of months as implemellftaJtion. Mr. Speaker, I would prevent fuel oil shortages in areas of high vivid proof of the great burdens they favor the abolishm-ent of the import consumption, including my own Sixth now endure. It is my firm belief that quota system in favor of a tariff to permit District in northwestern Connecticut. we can and must ease these burdens and greater imports of oil at lower prices. As we look to the future, basic oil pol­ I pledge my efforts in this direction. This !too was a recommendation con­ icy for our people must provide an effec­ tained in the President's Task Force; tive free enterprise economy through however, no action has 1been taken as yet competition in this area of fuel oil re­ HOW TO HELP THE STATES AND to apply these recommendations. sources. Too often one energy-producing CITIES The prerent tight fuel supply dilemma, company overlaps in its interest in or Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, in testi­ coupled wi·th the exorbitant prices should control of other fuel companies. mony before the Joint Economic Com­ provid-e sufficient proof that the oil quotas In addition, tax incentives for overseas mittee today, the Senator from Minne­ have not been able to guarantee the ade­ production of petroleum should be lim­ sota, Mr. HuMPHREY, and I set forth quate supplies of fuel oil needed by our ited so that the incentive to explore for our views on general revenue sharing. people. new oil reserves at home would be great­ We made three basic points: Another more troubling situation ex­ er. Considering that a large part of our First. If the Federal Government ists in the form of the Connally "Hot Oil" oil investment abroad lies in the politi­ wants to initiate revenue sharing, it Act. This act prohibits interstate move­ cally unstable Middle East, we still allow had better make sure that it has enough ment of oil not produced in conformity the same depletion allowance for over­ revenues to share. with State prorationing laws, and pro­ seas production of petroleum as for do­ Second. Unless incentives are given vides the legal justification for the States' mestic. The practice of allowing com­ to States to reform their own and par­ restraints on free commerce in oil. In the panies to credit income taxes paid to a ticularly their local governments, and name of conservation, this act enables foreign country as a direct setoff against to move in the direction of modernized, major oil producing States to fix a pro­ U.S. taxes ought to be reviewed. fiscally equitable, and humanized local duction qudta for each well in coopera­ Also, I believe that we need a basic government, Federal revenue sharing· tion with the oil industry in order to review of our national energy policies will simply act as a crutch to perpetu­ insure that supply will never exceed de­ to determine their adequacy and their ate obsolete State-local governmental mand and that prices can be maintained economy, now and in the future. The systems, instead of as a catalyst to at continually high levels. The conserva­ idea mentioned by some experts in the induce modernization. The Humphrey­ tion theme lost its credibility when for­ field, calling for the creation of a single, Reuss revenue-sharing bill (S. 241 and eign oil became a strong influence and independent agency to oversee our en­ H.R. 4617 ) provides incentives to threaJtened the prorationing system­ ergy minerals is certainly an idea to reform. thereby opening the way for import which the Congress should give its full Third. An economically and socially Quotas which now form a vital part of consideration. With respect to this desirable package combining a phased 3386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE February 22, 1971 Federal takeover of the welfare system, needed-and a way that will add to the pro­ second and subsequent years of a revenue­ and revenue sharing with reform, could gressivity of an overall Federal state-local sharing program, the governor of a state prove politically feasible in this Con­ tax system which has grown increasingly must come forward with a modernization gress. less progressive in recent years. plan for his state and local governments. That way is to finish the job of plugging For those who oppose "stringless" revenue­ The text of our joint testimony fol­ loopholes in the Federal tax system which sharing, here is a string with a constructive lows: was timidly begun in the Tax Reform Act purpose. At the same time, the string is not We appreciate this opportunity to pre­ of 1969. onerous. The flow of funds to a state is tied sent our point of view on how the Fed­ The Administration should immediately neither to the contents of the plan nor to eral government can most effectively come prepare, and forward for action to the tax­ progress made in fulfllling it. Tne governors to the rescue of the beleaguered state and writing com.mlttees of the Congress, a Round can draw from a suggested check-list of re­ local governments. This issue :Is central to II of tax reform designed to close those forms in the Humphrey-Reuss bill. The rec­ the President's Budget and Economic Re­ loopholes which have enabled wealthy in­ ommendations of numerous bodies stand port. We would hope that it would also be dividuals to escape billions of dollars in ready at hand-the Committee for Economic central to this year's report of the Joint Federal taxes each year for decades past. Development, the Advisory Commission on Economic Committee. But the Administration has indicated that Intergovernmental Relations and the Citi­ LaBt month a number of the nation's gover­ there will be no message on tax reform. In­ zens Conference on State Legislatures, to nors and mayors came before this committee stead, the Administration has punched an­ mention just three. and testified eloquently to the fiscal plight of other loophole in the Federal income tax Moreover, in many states, existing task their states and cities. No one on this com­ structure by easing depreci.a.tion rules across force reports or studies under way could pro­ mittee, we are confident, doubts either the the board, thus depriving the federal gov­ vide a good first step toward development of reality of state-local governments' plight, ernment of some $2-3 billion in annual the governor's modernization plan required this or the need to effect large scale reorganization revenues. The revenues lost by new by the Humphrey-Reuss bill. In the state of of our federal-state-local governmental sys­ loophole could surely have been more pro­ Minnesota, for example, the legislature is tem. ductively used by state and local govern­ considering authorization of full-scale stud­ We make today three points: ments. ies of the metropolitan regions in the state-­ I. If the Federal government wants to If the Administration wlll not do the job of tax reform, Congress must. the goal, governmental reform. In the state initiate revenue-sharing, it had better make of Wisconsin, the 1969 Report of the Task sure that it has enough revenues to share. More real economic growth to produce Force on Local Government Finance and Or­ II. Unless incentives are given to states additional revenues from the existing tax ganization awaits implementation. system, coupled with a program of loophole to reform their own and particularly their Second.. States lacking state income taxes local governments, and to move in the direc­ plugging to augment these revenues, is a are given a specific incentive to adopt them. tion of modernized, fiscally equitable, and necessary answer to those who now oppose (States at present without income taxes are humanized local govenment, federal reve­ revenue-sharing on the ground that there is precious little revenue to share. Connecticut, Florida, Nevada, Ohio, Penn­ nue-sharing simply act as a crutch to per­ sylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Washington petuate obsolc.~e state-local governmental It. REVENUE-SHARING WITH REFORM and Wyoming.) After July 1, 1974, a state's systems, instead of as a catalyst to induce Money alone, however, is not the answer income tax revenues are counted twice in the modernization. to the problems of our states and cities. State formula that apportions funds among states III. An economically and. socially desirable and local governments face not just a fiscal on the basis of population and revenues package combining a phased federal take­ crisis; they also face an organizational crisis. raised in relation to total personal income in over of the welfare system, and revenue­ The great defect in the Administration's the state. sharing-with-reform could prove politically general revenue-sharing proposal is that it Third.. Our procedures for allocation of feasible in this Congress. responds to the first crisis but not to the sec­ shared revenues to localities provide the I. WHAT REVENUES? ond. The risk in this approach to revenue­ flexibility needed to encourage consolidation He who would share revenues must first sharing is that the money sent back to the of inefficient units, and to take account of answer the question: Where are we to get states and localities may not do much good the relative fiscal needs of localities. the revenues to share? for those most in need, and may do harm by If a. state does not choose to negotiate an These revenues were supposed to come from giving out-of-date structures and practices a allocation agreement with a representative the peace-and-growth dividend. But there is new lease on life. number of its cities and counties, we would no peace, and there is no growth. Instead, The President has said he aims to give require that the state set aside an amount for there is a widened war in Cambodia and greater responsibility to State and local gov­ its localities that will average over 50 per­ now in Laos. Instead, the defense budget, ernment. The question should be asked: "To cent nation-wide. To this point we and the after having headed downward for a couple which governments?" To the 600 towns, cities Administration both travel the path recom­ of years, is now on the way up again, with and villages in the state of Wisconsin each mended by the national organization of an increase in outlays of $1.5 biHion for the with less than 500 in population? To the 299 cities, mayors, governors and counties. next fiscal year, and a whopping $6.9 billion separate but overlapping governmental units But then-if the negotiation does not come increase in spending authority, which will in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, each with off-the Administration requires a manda­ mortgage budgets for years to come. taxing jurisdiction? To the several states tory distribution to all 63,000 local govern­ Instead of non-inflationary, revenue-pro­ which have not yet taken steps to increa.se ments, whether rich or poor, archaic or effi­ ducing growth, we have 6 percent unem­ their revenues by adopting the progressive cient. ployment, 6 percent cost-of-living inflation, income tax? To the states which have denied We instead allow distribution among lo­ and for the first time in many years, zero to their cities adequate taxing and borrow­ calities pursuant to a state law which may economic growth in 1970. ing powers? "favor localities that are relatively more The Administration has come forward with HUD Secretary Romney said in his testi­ populous, contain relatively more low-income an expansionary "full-employment" budget mony before the Joint Economic Committee families, or have high local tax burdens in which proposes to reverse these trends vir­ on February 17: "The community develop­ relation to individual income." We thus pro­ tually overnight. Even if we accept the Ad­ ment this nation has experienced to date has vide room for the fairest possible local dis­ ministration's $1,065 billion estimate for GNP fragmented and balkanized our metropolitan tribution. for FY '72, and its 9 percent growth predic­ areas into so many political jurisdictions that Fourth. We propose a four-year authori­ tion, our fear is that most of the 9 percent it is difficult if not impossible to mount an zation and annual appropriations for rev­ will be in inflation rather than in real growth. effective attack on current problems." The enue-sharing, rather than a permanent ap­ For the Administration refuses to use the President's revenue sharing proposal permits propriation, as a percentage of the personal tools the Congress has given it to keep infla­ continued fragmentation of responsibility, income tax base. We are sensitive to the tion from eating up growth. inefficiency and paralysis. need of state and local governments for some Slow growth, eroded by inflation, does not The President has also said he aims to ra­ predictab111ty in the revenues they will be and will not provide the revenues needed tionalize federal aid programs for states and receiving from the Federal government. But for adequate revenue-sharing-or adequate localities. What is the point, we ask, in we are equally sensitive to the prerogative of anything else, for that matter. Moreover, streamlining the federal grant process if state the Congress, along with the President, to slow growth will intensify the plight of and local governments remain mired in their decide spending priorities in any given year. states and cities, which have already seen own red tape, archaic fiscal practices and This prerogative has already been eroded by their revenues sharply reduced and the cost overlapping jurisdictions? existing trust funds. We do not belteve that of services in their communities sharply in­ We have joined to put forward an alterna­ it should be further eroded by what amounts creased as a result of inflation combined tive approach to revenue-sharing which we to another trust fund for revenue-sharing. with recession. believe responds to both crises of sta. te and Annual appropriations will, for example, So, for the sake of both direct and in­ local government-H.R. 1091 and S. 241. We permit the Congress to allot more or less for direct relief for our cities, an adequate rate see these advantages in the Humpbrey-Reuss welfare assistance and revenue-sharing, de­ of non-inflationary growth must be restored proposal: pending on year-by-year needs, particularly to this country. First. Revenue-sharing and state and local if these two major forms of assistance to There is an additional way in which to government modernization are linked. In state-local government are linked in one attain some of the revenues that are order to qualify for shared revenues in the package. At this point, if any priority is to February 22, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3387 be established among the programs pro­ itself ir_to a position of opposition to a satory Education Division, set out to answer posing additional aid for states and locali­ federal t ake-over of welfare. The Secretary that question. ties, we believe welfare would have to be at of HEW recently decried the proposal as too She surveyed 11 school districts and one the top ot the list. costly. county board of education in California, Further, a !our-year authorization will So the Congress may not act on revenue­ which runs the biggest compensatory educa­ give Congress an opportunity to review the sharing, and the Administration may veto a tion business in the nation. A few of the 11 use of revenue-sharing funds, and progress welfare take-over. This would be tragic !or had no compensatory education programs, in the modernization of state-local govern­ the states and cities. as such. ment, before approving another multi-year But this need not be. A combination of SURPRISE authorization. Republican and Democratic ideas now fioat­ "I knew there must have been some im­ III. PACKAGE OF WELFARE TAKE-OVER AND ing around may prove politically feasible. pact on the regular school program," she REVENUE-SHARING Let the Administration start to work out said. "But I was surprised to learn just how Finally, we must ask whether the annual with the House Ways and Means Committee great it was." sums suggested to be spent on revenue-shar­ a proposal for a complete federal take-over "Compensatory education has had a greater ing by the revenue-sharing purists-$5 bil­ of welfare, phased over several years. Let the impact on the regular education than on the lion or $10 billion or more--are best spent Administration at the same time express disadvantaged," her report concludes. strictly on revenue-sharing (eit her of the interest in revenue-sharing-with-reform The school districts surveyed, she found, Administration variety, or of the Humphrey­ supported by annual appropriations. The have all adopted many of the new instruc­ Reuss revenue-sharing with reform variety) , Government Operations Committees in both tional materials and teaching strategies for or should instead be split in some fashion houses may then be encouraged to get to their regular classes patterned after programs between revenue-sharing and a substantial work on the Humphrey-Reuss proposal and created initially for the poor. (and ultimately total) federal take-over of related proposals which have been referred Moreover, while they require state or fed­ the financial cost and admin!Btration of t o these committees. eral funds to implement the programs for welfare. Saving the states and cities from insol­ the poor, they have made the innovations We conclude that such a split package is vency and obsolescence is too important a for the other children using their own local not only more desirable from the economic task to let it founder on the rock of political school district funds, Dr. Holloway and social standpoint, but more je~ible from partisanship. discovered. the political standpoint. USES First. From the economic and social stand­ Local district funds are now being used point, the costs of welfare require additional COMPENSATORY EDUCATION-AN for a variety of compensatory-initiated pro­ federal support. The nation's welfare system grams for entire school districts, including is approaching a crisis. The federal govern­ UNEXPECTED BONUS individualized instruction, teacher aides, ment now pays about $7 billion of an esti­ The SPEAKER. Under a previous order reading speciaHsts, advisory committees, mated $14 billion annual welfare cost. Astro­ multi-cultural instructional materials, new of the House the gentleman from Ken­ equipment and teaching aids. nomic increases are in sight. Putting, say, tucky (Mr. PERKINS) is recognized for 10 one-half of a generous revenue-sharing pot The process of involving parents, teachers into a substantial initial federal take-over of minutes. and administrators together in school pro­ financing welfare could provide a better wel­ Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would gram planning was first used in compensa­ fare system, reduce the interstate competi­ like to share with my colleagues a news­ tory educatior. programs and "established a tion which now plagues states seeking to paper article appearing in the San Fran­ trend in education," the report notes. have adequate welfare systems of their own, cisco Chronicle on January 12, 1971, and The use of both professional and non­ and channel the "local share" just where help professional auxiliary personnel in the an abstract of a report by Dr. Ruth Love schools was also, to a large degree, initiated is most needed-to those states and commu­ Holloway under date of August 1970, nities with the greatest welfare cost. by compensatory education programs. To the extent that funds are channeled to dealing with a study made of the impact on education of title I of the Elementary GREATEST the states and cities by a federal welfare The study found that compensatory educa­ take-over, rather than by federal revenue­ and Secondary Education Act of 1965. tion's greatest impact in the area of instruc­ sharing, the agonies of apportioning the I think that this study reflects very ac­ tion "is in the impetus given to individ­ "local share" are avoided. curately what is happening in school ualized instruction," the report stated. By an increased federal responsibility for systems throughout the country. Fed­ Compensatory education programs have welfare costs, many local communities would eral dollars under title I are not only also led the way in teaching school districts be protected against endless increases in the enhancing learning opportunities in most how to systematically plan, evaluate and extremely regressive property tax, which falls modify programs-introducing for the first largely on the homeowner. Instead, they schools with large concentrations of edu­ cational and disadvantaged children but time the idea of assessment or accountabllity. could anticipate more adequate funds with They have also revolutionized teacher edu­ which to pay their policemen, collect their also is having a favorable infiuence on cation programs. Before compensatory edu­ trash, and perform all the other manifold improving the quality of education in all cation programs started, the idea of pulling daily tasks of local government. elementary and secondary schools. teachers out of their classrooms !or in-service If the idea of a federal welfare take-over is Items referred to follow: training was almost unheard of. Now it is so good, one may ask, why have revenue­ COMPENSATORY EDUCATION-AN UNEXPECTED common practice. sharing at all? BONUS There are two answers. The revenue­ (By Ron Moskowitz) THE IMPACT OF COMPENSATORY EDUCATION ON sharing concept permits, as we have said, the THE FuRTHER DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL provision of incentives to state and local Compensatory education programs in Cali­ EDUCATION governments to modernize and reform them­ fornia have proved so helpful for disadvan­ (By Ruth Love Holloway) taged children that they have been used for selves; it would be difficult or impossible to Scope and method of study: The purpose of attach such reform conditions to a welf'are other children as well. t ake-over program. A study released yesterday shows that the this Study was to determine the extent to which programs and the process of compen­ Moreover, in some states revenue-sharing methods used in the programs benefit aver­ age white middle-class children as well as satory education activities were approximated permits a surer distribution to hard-pressed in non-target area schools or non-funded localities than a welfare take-over, since in children from the ghettos. Since their inception in the early 1960s, programs in selected school districts in Cali­ these states the local welf'are contribution fornia. It is not the purpose of the study to (and hence the prospect of relief from a the United States Office of Education's com­ pensatory education programs have pro­ evaluate the results o! compensatory educa­ federal take-over) is comparatively small. tion, but rather to assess its impact on educa­ Accordingly, there is a strong case for a vided for smaller classes, individual tutoring, new teaching methods and staffing patterns tion generally. welfare-revenue-sharing package, with a The type of research implemented was sur­ generous pot split in two portions of a size and special books and other learning ma­ terials for the poor. vey research. The principle instruments em­ that will provide meaningful relief under ployed for obtaining data were the question­ both programs. The programs, which have cost the fed­ naire and personal interview. The compre­ Second. From the political standpoint, if· eral government mill1ons of dollars, do help hensive questionnaire provided data in re­ the revenue-sharing purists insist on all children from deprived !am111es achieve bet­ ter in school, many studies have shown. sponse to three major questions: for revenue-sharing, and if the welfare Are the comprehensive compensatory ed­ purists insist on all !or welfare take-over, IMPACT ucation program components being replicated the end result is likely to be a political But until yesterday there were no research in non-target schools or non-funded pro­ impasse, with the states and localities con­ findings available on what impact the pro­ grams? signed to outer darkness. grams have had on the average child in a Has the process of involving parents, teach­ A !air number of leading Congressional regular school program. ers and administrators influenced methods of Democrats are digging in their heels against A year ago, Dr. Ruth Love Holloway, who project planning in regular educational pro­ revenue-sharing. is in charge of program development in the grams? Equally, the Administration is freezing State Department of Education's Campen- Has the employment of specialized person- 3388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 22 , 1971 nel, i.e., teacher aides, instructional special­ Research illustrates, however, that com­ area in which additional federal funds are ists, tutors, home-school coordinators affected pensatory education, when administered bein g used (ot her than compensatory educa­ employment practices in non-compensatory properly, holds the potential for substan­ t ion funds ) . The school program has been programs? tially improving the quality of eduootion for altered t o some extent. To determine whether or not compensatory the disadvantaged as well as influencing edu­ Type F School (Program with reduced or education had a significant effect upon regu­ cation :tor all children. eliminated resources)-It is a school in which lar school programs, the questionnaire de­ The major results of this study indica.te compensatory education funds were reduced veloped by the writer contained five topical the approximation of specific variables in or eliminated and specific aspects of the areas: compensatory education in non-funded pro­ previous project is still in operation. (1) Pre-compensatory educat ion percep­ grams and schools. Each of the four areas The types of schools showing the greatest tions of disadvantaged chlldren and general studied shows a positive impact on educa­ impact were Types A. B, and F. It is note­ educational practices. tion--change in perceptions of indi-lidual worthy that Type C schools, those most (2) Impact of compensatory education differences in children, the replications of representat ive of compensatory education components and activities. programs of reading, bllingual education , programs in California, did not reveal the (3) Instructional changes and staffing pat­ mathematics and minority history, the !n­ greatest impact on education generally. Both terns. creased emphasis on techniques of individ­ schools with saturated services by entire (4) Effects of process of involving parents, ualizing instructions, the initiation of ad­ school or grade levels illustrated significant teachers, administrators in program plan visory committees and local school planning impact. As mentioned earlier, schools in ning. teams, and the employment of aides and spe­ which funds were reduced or eliminated (5) System of dissemination of informL.­ cialists outside the target area schools. tended to assume certain pract ices and pro­ tion. In terms of program impact as observed by cedures. The personal interview was held with a types of respondents, community represent­ It should be pointed out that the school total of six administrators who are involved atives indicated the most significant effect in sample surveyed is populated by low-income, in compensatory education programs, four parent involvement in classroom as aides, underachieving children, many of whom are project directors and two superintendents. etc. and their participation on local advisory et hnic minorities. The sample respondents There were six different types of schools committees in helping to plan school pro­ did not , however, reflect a high percentage surveyed in eleven districts and one county grams. Project directors, principals and teach­ of ethnic minorities in any one of the cate­ office of education. The types of schools were: ers tended to agree that the most significant gories of respondents. Type A-Entire school totally saturated impact was in the areas of: Generally, then, the results of the study with compensatory education services. 1. Reading and language development; show a range of impact of compensatory Type B-Demonstration projects in read­ 2. Individualized instruction; education, depending upon sets of circum­ ing and mathematics in one, junior high 3. The use of teacher aides; stances. The program, while designed to im­ school grade level. 4. Local staff involvement in program prove education for poor children, has had Type C-A laboratory project within a planning; a sign ificant impact on education of non­ school providing compensatory education to 5. Staff development techniques; poor middle-class children. selected children from multiple grade levels. 6. Advisory committees; Type D-A school outside the target area 7. Use of instructional specialist; CONCLUSIONS with no federal funds. 8. Minority culture and history; and The result s of t his study suggest that com­ Type E-A school outside the target area 9. Pre-school and early childhood em­ pensatory education in California made a with limited federal funds. phasis. significant impact on regular education. Type F-A school in which compensatory It should be pointed out that the replica­ Foremost , as a result of innovative features education funds have been reduced or elimi­ tion of activities and element s beyond the of programs for the disadvantaged, educa­ nated. funded programs relates to several variables t ion of middle class children has benefited. In each type of school surveyed, a team other than priority for children. Observations The primary goal of compensatory educa­ of three individuals was asked to respond; during this st udy as well as personal inter­ t ion is to close the achievement gap between the principal, a teacher and a community views indicates that the following factors poor and non-poor children. Historically, representative (teacher aide, parent, etc.). frequently influence whether and which ac­ children from poverty families achieve at a The project director completed a question­ tivity will be maintained or introduced: rate of .7 mont hs per mon:th of instruction. naire for district point of view. (a ) The cost or resource necessary to im­ The evaluation findings in California in­ Results of data were analyzed and pre­ plement activity. dicate that on the average, participants in sented in tabular forms, first in terms of (b) The degree of community and/or staff compensatory education are making month total group respondent indices, secondly in pressure. per month gains as is the pattern in middle­ terms of impact by type of school, and thirdly (c) The ability of district to obtain addi­ class schools. Even at an equitable rate of in terms of impact reported by respondent tional funding. achievement between the two socioeconomic category. Most of the tabulations were in fre­ (d) Flexibility and willingness of district groups, lower-class children remain below quencies and percentages and a lesser num­ staff to alter practices and procedures. district norms, because they began behind ber in rank order distribution. There were six types of schools included in their counterpart s who are not poor. eleven districts and one county office. Each This fact, coupled wit h the replicat ion of SUMMARY OF RESULTS type reflected different categories of projects. compensatory education concepts and prac­ This study has been concerned with in­ The types of schools surveyed were: tices out side t he t arget schools, leads to the vestigating the impact of compensatory edu­ Type A School (Saturated School Proj­ conclusion t hat compensatory education has cation programs on education generally. Four ect) - A school located in an intensive pov­ h ad a greater impact on regular education aspects of compensatory education were stud­ erty impacted urban area which is saturated t han on the disadvant aged. Moreover, this ied: (1) perceptions about disadvantaged for total program service. Such schools in­ conclusion is furt her supported by the use of children; (2) the components and activities clude entire school populations in compensa­ regular district resources for init iation of ac­ relating to instruction, curriclum materials tory education and both regular and added tivities such as individualized instruction, and teaching strategies; (3) the process of staff are involved in the program. t eacher aides, reading specialists, advisory involving parents and personnel in planning Type B School (Single Grade Level Proj­ committees, multi-cultural instructional ma­ school programs; and (4) the employment of ect)-Demonstration projects in reading and terials, new equipment and teaching aids, specialized staff. mathematics operate in selected school dis­ and release time for inservice education. For A review of literature indicated that no tricts (14). All such programs are funded at disadvantaged children, such interventions known study existed which researched the the junior high level exclusively. It is a longi­ ar·e added with special federal or state re­ relative effects on compensatory education on tudinal program beginning with the 7th sources. regular education. Much of the literature re­ grade, with students in entire grade levels The process of involving parents, teachers lated to the need for education& reform participating in the project. and administrators in program planning es­ and interventions which may assist in bring­ T y pe C School (Laboratory Project)-The tablished a trend 1n education. This emerg­ ing about needed changes. Compensatory ed­ laboratory projects operate in schools in ing practice of localized participation by ucation had its beginning in the early 60's which multiple grade levels are served. Se­ client and practitioner has been aided by with its major peak in the mid-60's. It was lect~d children are taken from regular class­ bot h the advocates for local control as well one of vehicles envisioned to equalize educa­ rooms for short periods of time in order to as educat ors, especially teachers who want tional opportunities and break the cycle of receive special instruction in a laboratory or a voice in the decision-making. The institu­ poverty. Questions were raised about the pro­ "pull-out" situation. It is a common orga­ t ion of advisory committees and school pro­ gram's validity in the latter 60's. On the one nizational approa{!h in compensatory educa­ gram task forces outside of compensatory hand, Olark and others were concerned about tion. educat ion supports the assertion that com­ fragmentation and remediation as opposed to Type D School (Non-Federal Resources pensatory education is a leading innovation a revitalization of the total education insti­ Project)-A school located outside the desig­ in t he education arena. tution. Jensen questioned the program's re­ nated target area which has no federal funds Another area of significant impact is the liability as a mechanism for improving edu­ but has altered aspects of the school pro­ employment of a variety of specialized per­ cation for "this segment" of the school pop­ gram. sonnel in non-target area school or in other ulation due to their "inherent limitation" Type E School (Limited Federal Funds Proj­ specially-funded projects. It is coL.cluded, in intellectual capacity. ect)-A school located outside the target therefore, that a major contribution of com- February 22, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3389

pensatory educa.tion is in the fresh nexus of Using relevant instructional materials re­ conveys. And on that basis of merit "those school staff: flecting multisocial society. who know him applaud the choice of Rep. Professional Involving industry in teaching curricular Joe L. Evins for chairmanship of the House development. Subcommittee on Public Works Appropria­ Instructional specialist (reading and math­ Needs assessment. tions. ematics). Performance criteria (objectives). He long has been a member of the Appro­ Multi-media specialist. Compensatory education has forged a new, priations Committee, a key agency in the Home S'!hool coordinator. more intrinsic, definition of equality of edu­ vital business of screening governmental Par aprofessional cational opportunity. The new, albeit, defi­ expenditures; a powerful body indeed, and Teacher Aide. nition involves not only improving perform­ the subcommittee a. unit far from subordi­ Community Aide. ance of disadvantaged children but is func­ nate in the emcient handling of that re­ tionally linked to breaking the cycle of sponsibility. Counselor Aide. poverty. Representative Evins has been a hard­ Health Aide. The program initiated and established working Congressman in behalf of his Tutors. models for replication in teacher education, Fourth District constituency-and absorbed Such individuals, by a variation of titles, thereby challenging colleges and universities no less in the long-range interests o'f his have found their way into the mainstream of to re-assess their training practicism and state and nation. In party identification a American education. develop more realistic programs. It also is staunch Democrat, his concept of duty and This study suggests that compensatory credited with developing evaluation models service is not limited by any partisan education's greatest impact in the area of which transcend programs for the poor; and boundary. instruction is in the impetus given to individ­ focuses on performance accountability and He has earned the committee post as­ ualized instruction. Diagnosing and prescrib­ modification of program based upon objec­ signed-and it is a responsibility in good ing for needs and strengths was not hereto­ tive data. The patterns of utilizing teacher hands. It reflects honor on the state, and fore a systematic part of the educational aides and other para-professionals illustrated Tennessee extends congratulations. program. multiple methods of providing additional ':'he final conclusions relate to trends which services to each child. (From the Nashville Tennessean, have been established by compensatory ed­ The belief that parents generally are con­ Feb. 12, 1971] ucation endeavors. One is the emphasis on cerned about their children's education and MR. EVINS Goon MAN FOR JoB early childhood education; pre-school and have a right to be involved in decisions which primary levels. The thrust of Headstart led influence their destiny, created new and vi­ Rep. Joe L. Evins of Tennessee's Fourth to a new focus on kindergarten and the first able roles for parents of the poor. Removing District has been named chairman of the three grades, in terms of curricular, teaching stereotypes regarding the abilities of disad­ House subcommittee on public works, suc­ methodology, parent participation evalua­ vantaged children and their families has ceeding the late Rep. Mike Kirwan, D-Ohio. tion. served to change perceptions and expecta­ Mr. Evins was appointed to the chairman­ ship, at his own request, by Rep. George H. The data suggests also a recognition of the tions. Mahon, D-Texas, chairman of the full Ap­ value of children's native language. This The program, broadly defined, changed propriations Committee. Mr. Evins had been recognition and current social pressure had power relationships with the schools and a member of the subcommittee since It was generated programs of bilingual instruction community. It aided the school in more ac­ formed in 1955, and thus had seniority. But for children whose native language is one curately reflecting the society and gives rec­ ognition to the dignity and value of the con­ it appears that his keen interest in public other than English. The bilingual education works appropriations and his skill in fi­ programs are broader in scope than mere tribution of all citizens. In essence, compen­ nances played an important role in his language, but include a focus on culture and satory education pointed up the strength and selection as chairman. coupled with ethnic identity movements have weakness of the school and challenged other As a member of the subcommittee, Mr. given rise to increased appreciation for cul­ social institutions to relate to the needs of their clients. This research opinionates that Evins has been of tremendous influence In tural diversity and individual differences looking out after the interests of TVA, the The present study supports the finding of these claims which rest with an infantile program can only be interpreted as a meager AEC, the U.S. Engineers, the Appalachian impact in the area of individual difl'erences Regional Development Commission and and perceptional attitudes toward children beginning toward the immense journey of other agencies of importance to the mid­ c:assified as "different". The results support transformation and reformation of public education. South. the conclusion that this area. of personaliz­ As chairman of the committee, Mr. Evins ing education has made a. substantial im­ will be in even stronger position to see that print in the regular program of instruction. public works projects vital to the economic In recent years, a great deal of dialogue oc­ REPRESENTATIVE JOE L. EVINS TO development of this region will get equal curred about the need for a. systematic ap­ SERVE AS CHAIRMAN OF SUB­ consideration with those of other regions proach to education. Without using the term o·f the nation. for all of compensatory education, in Cali­ COMMITI'EE ON PUBLIC WORKS OF HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COM­ While it is true that a congressman, espe­ fornia a systematic plan has evolved. Re­ cially the chairman of a strong subcom­ sults of the study showed an impact on MITTEE mittee, should not adopt a provincial atti­ education in terms of planning, evaluating tude, this principle has not always been and modifying programs. The following per­ The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House the gentleman from Ten­ applied in the past when the voters of this haps best illustrates the cycling and re­ region had no strong voice in appropria­ cycling process: Program planning-Imple­ nessee

H.R. 4799. A blli for the relief of Alfio By Mr. HELSTOSKI (by request): By Mr. YOUNG of Florida (by re­ Quaceci, his wife, Antonlna, and their minor H.R. 4805. A bill for the relief of Gra.ziella. quest): chUdren; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and Libora Spinnato; to the Committee on H.R. 4808. A bill for the relief of Francesco H.R. 4800. A bill for the relief of Rita the Judiciary. Giuliani; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Swann; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WIGGINS : H.R. 4801. A bill for the relief of Andrea. H.R. 4806. A bill for the relief of Roland Vitrano; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. S. Uyboco; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 4802. A bill for the relief of Helena. Wilk; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXTI, H.R. 4808. A bill !or the relief o! Takayuki By Mr. WRIGHT: 31. The SPEAKER presented petition of Yoshida; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 4807. A bill for the relief of David J. Barbara Grafton, Windham, Ohio, et al., rela­ H.R. 4804. A bill for the relief of Joseph Powell, his wife Janet Powell, and their chil­ tive to appointments to the U.S. Supreme Zippetelli; to the Committee on the Judi­ dren Robert S. Powell and Stuart S. Powell; Court, which was referred to the Committee ciary. to the COmmittee on the Judiciary. on the Judiciary.

SENATE-Monday, February 22, 1971

(Legislative day of Wednesday, February 17, 1971) The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, is growing short. Existing legislative au­ A major element of my higher educa­ on the expiration of the recess, and was thority for the basic Federal higher edu­ tion proposal to the last Congress is the called to order by the President pro tem­ cation programs expires at the end of creation of a National Student Loan pore (Mr. ELLENDER). the current fiscal year. Association. For too long, the volume of The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward 1971 can be a year of national debate funds available to students for federally L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following on the goals and potentials of our sys­ insured loans has been arbitrarily re­ prayer: tem of higher education. It can be a time stricted by the lack of a secondary of opportunity to discover new concepts market in which lenders could sell paper We shall pray today in the words of of mission and purpose, which are re­ in order to replenish their supply of loan President George Washington's prayer sponsive to the diverse needs of the peo­ capital. for his country. ple of our country. I therefore again urge Establishment of the National Student Let us pray: the Congress to join with me in expand­ Loan Association would relieve this "Almighty God: We make our earnest ing opportunities in two major ways: squeeze on liquidity by making available prayer that Thou wilt keep the United To help equalize individual opportuni­ an additional $1 billion for student loan States in Thy holy protection; that Thou ties tor higher education, I am proposing funds. The Association would be author­ wi1 t incline the hearts of the citizens to the Higher Education Opportunity Act ized to buy student loans made by quali­ cultivate a spirit of subordination and ot 1971. fied lenders--universities as well as com­ obedience to government; and entertain To broaden opportunities through re­ mercial lending institutions. This sec­ a brotherly affection and love for one an­ newal, reform and innovation in higher ondary market would enable universities other and for their fellow citizens of the education, I am proposing a separate act and commercial lenders to make loans to United States at large. And finally that establishing the National Foundation tor students in far greater quantity than Thou wilt most graciously be pleased to Higher Education. they have in the past. dispose us all to do justice, to love mercy EQUALIZING INDIVIDUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR It is important to be clear on what and to demean ourselves with that char­ HIGHER EDUCATION this reform would mean. It would mean ity, humility, and pacific temper of mind At the present time, a young person that higher education would be open to which were the characteristics of the Di­ whose family earns more than $15,000 a all the people of this country as never vine Author of our blessed religion, and year is almost five times more likely to before. It would mean that students stili without a humble imitation of whose ex­ attend college than a young person whose in high school would know that their ample in these things we can never hope family earns less than $3,000. efforts to qualify for college need not be to be a happy nation. Grant our sup­ At the present time, Federal student compromised by doubts about whether plication, we beseech Thee, through assistance programs do not always reach they can afford college. It would mean Jesus Christ our Lord." Amen. those who need them most. that their choice of a college would be At the present time, there are just not based on their educational goals rather than upon their family's financial cir­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT enough funds to go around to all deserv­ ing students. Needy students often do cumstances. Messages in writing from the President not have access to grants. Higher-income RENEWAL, REFORM AND INNOVATION of the United States were communicated students are frequently unable to borrow If we are to make higher education to the Senate by Mr. Jones, one of his for their education, even when loans are financially accessible to all who are qual­ secretaries. guaranteed by the Federal Government. ified, then our colleges must be prepared I repeat the commitment which I made both for the diversity of their goals and in my message of last year: that no the seriousness of their intent. While HIGHER EDUCATION-MESSAGE qualified student who wants to go to colleges and universities have made ex­ FROM THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. college should be barred by lack of money. ceptional efforts to serve unprecedented NO. 50) The program which I am ags.in submit­ numbers of students over the last decade, The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid ting this year would benefit approxi­ they must find additional ways to re­ before the Senate the following message mately one million more students than spond to a new set of challenges: from the President of the United States, are currently receiving aid. It would -All too often we have fallen prey to which was referred to the Committee on assure that Federal funds go first, and the myth that there is only one way Labor and Public Welfare: in the largest amounts, to the neediest to learn-by sitting in class, reading Rtudents, in order to place them on an books, and listening to teachers. To the Congress ot the United States: equal footing with students from higher­ Those who learn best in other ways Nearly a year ago, in my first special income families. Abundant resources for are rejected by the system. message on higher edu~ation, I asked the loans would also be available to students -:-While the diversity of individuals Congress to join me in expanding higher from higher-income families. The budget seeking higher education has ex­ education opportunities across the na­ I submitted in January provides funds panded in nearly every social dimen­ tion. First, I proposed to reform and in­ for the~e reforms and stands behind the sion-age, class, ethnic back­ crease aid to students. Second, I proposed commitments of this administration. ground-higher education institu­ a National Foundation for Higher Edu­ Failure to pass this program would not tions have become increasingly uni­ cation designed to reform and strengthen only deny these benefits to many stu­ form and less diverse. post secondary education. dents, but also would limit their oppor­ - Increasingly, many colleges, and par­ Neither house of Congress acted on tunity to make major choices about their ticularly universities, have become these proposals. Now the time for action lives. large, complex institutions which