HumanNEH after fifteen years by Even at NEH, where sensitivity to the passage humanities has been equally forthright; the of time and the changes it works is one of our humanities are valuable to America; the highest responsibilities, we can well use occa­ humanities need support; the Federal Govern­ sional reminders of the value of historical ment should support the humanities. perspective. The Endowment's fifteenth an­ Both arguments, however, contained then niversary is an eminently noteworthy occasion. and contain now two fundamental limitations Let us use it as a reminder, and try to put into on Federal support for the humanities. One was historical perspective some of the basic prem­ explicit in the legislation; the other was implicit ises, seldom discussed and always important, in the nature of the humanities. which have informed the Endowment's work The Act creating the Endowment acknowl­ during those fifteen years. edged that support for the arts and the humani­ It is worth reminding ourselves at the start ties is "primarily a matter for private and local of the very different America in which the NEH initiative." The context of this statement, which was created. The thunder of a distant war was is accompanied in the Act by the assertion that still distant; the nation had embarked on the such support is nonetheless "an appropriate challenge of space and the race to the moon; our matter of concern to the Federal Government," economy was in one of its most expansive requires that it be viewed, if not as a prohibi­ periods. the Congress social concerns were tion, at least as an effective inhibition on the paramount. Legislation poured forth attacking NEH playing too active a role in determining social and economic ills: medical care for the the future cultural activity in the . aged, housing, aid to education, highway The Endowment therefore always has been re­ beautification, immigration reform, cancer re­ luctant to shoulder the burden of being the search, air and water pollution. But the National principal supporter of the humanities even in Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act dif­ those few fields where its limited budget might fered significantly from this other legislation of make that role possible. It is often overlooked the period. Many of those measures identified that even among public agencies, NEH's share distress, and prescribed and administered rem­ of the support for the humanities in America is edies for social and economic problems. This quite small, far smaller, for example, than the was not the case with the National Endow­ funding voted by State legislatures for teaching ments. The inauguration of Federal aid to the and research in the humanities at their public arts and the humanities recognized their impor­ universities and colleges. tance to the country. The prescription was not The implicit limitation on Federal support for an antidote but for a tonic. concerns basic freedom of expression. Scholar­ The 1965 creation of the Humanities En­ ship in the humanities is a form of intellectual dowment was very much a product of the 1964 expression peculiarly needful of the protection Report of the Commission on the Humanities, of the First Amendment. It would be dangerous headed by the late President of and unwise for the Federal Government to , later the first NEH Chair­ dominate the agenda which determines the man. “Upon the humanities," the Commission areas of inquiry into philosophy and politics, had declared, "depend the national ethic and into history and literature, into religion and morality or the lack of it, the national aesthetic language—not to mention ethics or the theory and beauty or lack of it, the national use of our of the arts. environment and our material accom­ Accordingly, the NEH very early on plishments. . ." The Congress concurred, and adopted a competitive system of peer review of voted that the humanities need and deserve applications for funding. The most important ef­ Federal support, as the sciences and technology fect of this system is to protect freedom of ex­ had long received, lest the nation find itself pression, to interpose a barrier between inquiry without that capacity for critical inquiry and in the vast domain of the humanities and its di­ those achievements in "the realm of ideas and rection by government. The Endowment in of spirit" which the humanities foster. these years has not sought to circumvent this The fact is that the argument for the exist­ barrier. It has written relatively few contracts to ence of the Humanities Endowment has always initiate specific projects or activities. Its only been fundamentally conservative. Put simply, it brush with a categorical support program has calls for the preservation of something of value. been in the establishment of the state Few have contested the worth of scholarly work humanities committees, whose citizen members and teaching in the humanities (though some fund and locally administer programs in the have criticized contemporary products of such states and territories—hardly the heavy hand of scholarship and instruction). government. The argument for Federal funding of the The benefits of the peer review process NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES VOLUME 1 NUMBER 6 • DECEMBER 1980 have been reinforced by the ordinary procedure domain of the sacred can be reestablished in at NEH from the start, namely, to write fairly this secular age, and, sometimes, whether any­ In this issue ... broad guidelines for programs and to invite ap­ one will stop watching television long enough plicants to propose particular projects thereun­ to listen. 1 NEH After Fifteen Years der. The peer review process—evaluation by On the other hand, there are some within by Joseph D. Duffey specialists in the field under consideration, re­ the academic community who question whether view of proposals competing for the same cate­ Turning Problems project grants are useful to academic ventures, 3 gory of funds by panelists drawn from diverse Into Opportunities: given the fundamental economic instability of An Agenda for the Eighties academic, professional, and public constituen­ their institutions and of such vital humanistic cies, the Presidentially appointed National by Lawrence W. Towner resources as research libraries and centers, Council on the Humanities' reviews of the graduate programs, and university presses. In a 5 The Quiet Disaster: Deterioration of staff's compilations of reviewer and panelist small way, the NEH Challenge Grants, offering Library and Archival Collections judgments and the Council's recommendations one Federal dollar to match three private ones, by Ann Russell to the Chairman—this entire safeguarding to encourage institutions to begin to address process is thereby fed and refined by initiatives long-term financial problems, are a response to 6 Sharing the Wealth: from outside, and not from within, govern­ these concerns. Museum Collection Sharing ment. These various criticisms are serious and in I believe this system has worked quite well. some ways correct. But the evidence of every 9 Foxfire: Folklore and Oral To be sure, it has lacked the dramatic excite­ day's mail at the Endowment convinces me that History Light Up a Curriculum! ment of bold policy pronouncements, task force they are not yet cogent enough to warrant reports, and crash programs. But the combina­ The Harvard Encyclopedia of abandoning the basic patterns of our first fifteen 11 tion of NEH's broad guidelines and its peer re­ American Ethnic Groups—Two years. Our project grants, for example, are care­ view process, while fulfilling its function of pro­ Essays fully assessed in terms of their effect in tecting free expression, has also allowed for strengthening institutions. We are not in the 12 Italians in constant evolution and change. business of adding on useless frills to univer­ Many of the recent proposals for research sities or museums which cannot carry out their 13 Deadlines for Grant Applications and fellowship support would have been intel­ primary responsibilities. Through its grants, the lectually inconceivable fifteen years ago. Scho­ NEH does try to highlight the best work of our 14 State of the States: Jurisprudence lars are asking new questions, in new ways. The constituents, advertise the significance of that pedagogical techniques of our Education Divi­ work to the national in terest, and call forth a Challenge Grants 16 sion grantees are now responsive to the vastly stronger public and private sense of how vital it 19 Dumas Malone on the Occasion of different circumstances of higher education in is for Americans to pursue such inquiries. the Endowment's Fifteenth the 1980s. The Endowment's support for in­ Nor does the mail show cultural decline. Anniversary terpretive exhibits in museums and for efforts to Any scholar of our past knows how frequently present history, philosophy, and literature the cry of doom has been raised, and any histo­ 20 Dustjackets— An NEH Booklist through television and radio have advanced the rian would tell us that it is essential to ask who state of those arts in the last decade and a half. is bemoaning our fate and why. Clearly, many 23 Recent NEH Grant Awards Though the NEH budget is substantially larger parts of the American intellectual enterprise are than it was in its first year, thoughtful and ex­ undergoing a severe crisis of morale. But there Editor's Notes 30 citing proposals continue to outpace the funds are just as many new voices, unheard in the Letters to the Edtior available. In short, taking as yardsticks the vi­ 1960s, who are speaking loudly and clearly now 32 About the Authors tality and the independence of the humanities and who resent the implication that they have In the Next Issue . . . in the United States today, the premises of fif­ arrived at an intellectual feast after the dishes teen years ago were valid. have been removed. It has been the good fortune of all that In this domain, I have been heartened to FOR INFORMATION ABOUT during those fifteen years this quiet process at see the progress of the "new social history" in SUBSCRIPTIONS SEE PAGE 31 the Endowment has had the bipartisan support uncovering the past lives of ordinary people. I of the Congress and of the various occupants of am delighted to read journals like History and the Executive Office. The record of the succes­ Theory or Critical Inquiry or Daedalus, which sive Congressional authorization and appropria­ have flourished in the past two decades, and to tion hearings, while they are filled with ques­ see the way scholars can debate the theoretical tions about particular funding decisions, are premises and social implications of their work. I Humanities notably lacking in calls for a fixed set of pro­ am delighted to read the new generation of per­ a bimonthly review published by the grammatic priorities. Congress has never in­ sonal narratives—Michael Arlen's Passage to National Endowment for the Humanities sisted, for example, that the NEH fund a revi­ Ararat, Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Chairman: Joseph D. Duffey sion of the freshman "General Education" Warrior and China Men, Maureen Howard's Director of Public Affairs: Barry D. Wanger courses at American colleges or universities, or Facts of Life. When I read a report on the way Editor: Judith Chayes Neiman favor research in the history of the United fifth-graders in Middleborough, Massachusetts, Editorial Board: States rather than of other nations and cultures, used the resources of the Plimoth Plantation Harold Cannon, Geoffrey Marshall, B.J. or that it fund media projects with a particular "living museum" in learning history, language Stiles, Armen Tashdinian, Barry D. Wanger, political slant. Neither, to my knowledge, has arts, anthropology, and even mathematics, I Judith Chayes Neiman the Executive Branch. feel more hopeful about our elementary and Editorial Assistant: Linda Blanken Nevertheless, there is today some ques­ secondary schools. Production Manager: Robert Stock tioning of NEH procedures, even in quarters America is complex. Its cultural life is not Librarian: Jeanette Coletti with a good grasp of them. For fifteen years "organized” nationally or regionally, and Designed by Maria Josephy Schoolman generalized support for the humanities has op­ should not be. Its hierarchies of wealth and erated almost entirely through specific project taste are always subject to attack by newly The opinions and conclusions expressed in Humanities grants. These procedures are now being queried emergent expressions of quality. Every current are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect from two sides. of the world's traditional wisdom, like every Endowment policy. Material appearing in Humanities may be freely reproduced although the editor would On the one hand, there are those who be­ current of the world's blood, flows through our appreciate notice and copies for the Endowment's ref­ lieve that the humanities, and American culture people. Let us beware, then, of oversimplifica­ erence. Use of funds for printing this publication has in general, are in decline, that many humanists tion and of an ahistorical sense of ourselves. been approved by the Office of Management and Budget. Send address changes and requests for sub­ are doing work of no clear purpose or value, or Nothing is so valuable an antidote to those er­ scriptions to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. work which is unheeded when it is good. This rors as witnessing the complexity and diversity Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. is the view of those who seem always to be of the cultural creativity which, originating in Subscription price, $7 per 6 issues. (USPS 521 -- 090) Other communications should be addressed to: Editor, measuring the few paces which keep us from the thousands of applications addressed to the Humanities, National Endowment for the Humanities, Apocalypse, who question whether literacy will Endowment, flows through its review proc­ Mail Stop 204, Washington, D.C. 20506. Telephone: survive, whether a consensus of values essential esses. Happily, the pages of Humanities now 202/724-1840. ISSN 0018-7526. to civilization can be reconstructed, whether a convey some sense of that creativity to others.

2 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing­ ton, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25 cents (single copy) $1.60 foreign. Subscription Price : $7.00 per year ; $8.75 for foreign mailing. Single copies vary in price Turning problems into opportunities: Agenda for the eighties

To be a pessimist about the state of the humani­ day's resources a pale shadow of that palmy ties today takes no unusual perception. Nor era. But our resources now are, in fact, enor­ does one need the mind of a Jeremiah to be pes­ mous compared to what was available in those simistic about the future of man on this planet. supposedly by halcyon days. All the signals seem to be saying thumbs down; In this country we have the largest commu­ and it appears that, if anybody inherits the nity of highly educated men and women ever earth, it will be the cockroaches, the rats, and known and a wider variety of educational and the sharks—they have been around longer than support institutions ever imagined, even by the anybody else and have shown the best capacity most thoughtful and optimistic educational to survive. leaders of the past. Despite these prognostications of gloom, it The human resources are unprecedented in appears probable that we will survive the numbers and unparalled in quality of training. eighties. And if the quality of life in our world Of the 86,000 Ph.D.'s awarded in the humani­ seems to be deteriorating, we are stuck with this ties since 1920, nearly 45 percent, or 38,420 of world, to manage with it as best we can. It is my the recipients have been out of school only ten contention that things are not as bad as they years. Nearly 72 percent, or 61,489, have been seem; the outlook for the humanities is not out only twenty years. nearly as bleak and forbidding as we may have New employment opportunities in academe imagined. are, obviously, sharply curtailed compared with We ought to approach the coming decade the 1960s. But think of the great reservoir of with the assumption that our long-cherished brain power (every year they seem to get brigh­ and abiding values still matter, that they should ter as I get dimmer) those Ph.D.'s represent. be studied, examined, called upon, exalted and, One of the greatest opportunities—and re­ if possible, embodied in our own lives and ac­ sponsibilities— of the 1980s is to keep all these tions. That, after all, is what the humanities are men and women linked to scholarship and the all about: the late Denham Sutcliffe of Kenyon humanities, if not to academe— to harness all College once asked, "What Shall We Defend?” that intellectual energy and talent. All of us who call ourselves students of the The educational establishment that we put humanities know in our bones what the answer in place in the post-Sputnik decades is also un­ to that question is. But how shall we defend the precedented. Admittedly, we tend—with a humanities in the eighties? shudder— to single out the possible demise of To survive the eighties, and beyond, we colleges in the eighties, and brace ourselves at will have to be like the sharks—aggressive, least for curtailed academic budgets and ven­ tough, and adaptable. We will have to be ready tures. But allowing for some institutional fail­ to seize those opportunities that do present ures, and even with a slow-growth or no­ themselves and use what resources are avail­ growth policy, we have in our society as the able. Both are substantial—far greater than our decade begins the largest educational estab­ pessimistic assumptions tell us. lishment and, I think, the finest, to be found The resources, if we weigh and allocate anywhere in the world. them prudently and rationally, are sufficient to Granted, the humanities disciplines will meet the challenges that constitute our agenda have to work to retain audiences and practition­ for the eighties. That agenda includes: ers in languages, history, literature and the • continued encouragement of research and classics. We will have to seek new audiences writing, among the out-of-school adult population with • continued support of publication in the greater purpose and imagination than we have humanities, in the past. But these strategies should be per­ • completion of the great historical and lit­ ceived as golden opportunities.. Without a cap­ erary editorial projects begun in the fifties, six­ tive audience, one has to become a better ties and seventies, teacher and a better scholar to attract people to • intensified training in languages and one's classroom and writing. That is not neces­ other skills that foster scholarship in the sarily a bad thing. humanities, Back in the fifties and early sixties, rela­ • improvement of teaching, tively few humanities centers existed other than • creating new audiences for the humani­ the traditional university departments. The In­ ties, stitute for Advanced Study at Princeton, the In­ • keeping underemployed scholars in­ stitute of Early American History and Culture at volved in their disciplines, Williamsburg, and the very modest programs at • collecting and preserving research mate­ the Folger, Huntington and Newberry libraries rials. were, in a sense, humanities centers. All, how­ We think of the fifties and sixties as the ever, were the preserves of a small number of golden age of academic expansion and assume scholars who conducted their work in a rarefied that today's opportunities are meager and to­ atmosphere. New research would, in theory, 3 Photograph by Morton Broffman iaos e er Lbay prmoe te custo o lnugs . te ielo o te c lar.' o sch the of lifeblood the . . . languages of acquisition the otes rom "p Library berry New hicago's C dniid hnrd uaiis etr i the in centers humanities hundred a identified ntd tts Te ot eet abtos and ambitious, recent, most The States. United the to down trickle eventually. presumed, masses the was it as much would, day, one audience mass a reach Foundation of New York. The fifteen libraries libraries fifteen The York. New of Foundation re­ under scale— lesser a on augmented—albeit money barons' robber nineteenth-century just celebrated, marks a period of unimagined unimagined of birthday, period a marks fifteenth Its celebrated, itself. just NEH counted be h ognzd o eoe h Idpnet Re­ Independent the become to organized who Mellon W. Andrew the as foundations lightened from the support under substantial of grants recipients were for Act, ineligible generally were in­ the Even Act. that for appropriations newed been two past have the during which scale vast a on resources, augmented library peerless Carolina. North Park, Re­ Triangle in search Center Humanities National the is daring The leverage NEH provides is far greater than than greater far is provides influence. NEH leverage agency's the The of scope the describe to chairman was Keeney Barnaby late the when omn fr h Hmnte ad uh en­ such and En­ Humanities the National for the dowment particularly sources— other being still recently until who are libraries, research dependent They 1966. of Educa­ Higher Act the of tion aegis the under decades nw t et w hv be srthn te re­ the stretching been I have we because best, example it an know as use I Library—which a not flowering; spring. a a but but fall, re­ blight, a a but not humanities, generation; the of see retrenchment ashould we not eighties the in that conclude only eg Gat, t a jsl cm t b consid­ private be the to stimulating in come catalyst main justly the has ered it Chal­ gifts Grants, recently, more Through lenge and, grants capabilities. matching and funding actual its begin only today. resources marshall funding can own NEH NEH NEH's of And resources disposal the with the at compare resources only puny need One the maturity. and growth ore a hn t sie hs opruiis In opportunities. these seize to hand at sources can I financial— institutional, human, disposal— 4 sector. niiul eerh as ah year, each days research individual aucit. hy rvd mr ta a million a than more provide They manuscripts. twelve million volumes and forty-five million million forty-five and volumes some million hold together twelve Association, Library search Today, the Rockefeller Foundation has has Foundation Rockefeller the Today, When I contemplate all the resources at our at resources the all contemplate I When Finally, among the premier resources must must resources premier the among Finally, Also in place, ready to be used, are our our are used, be to ready place, in Also At my own institu tion— the Newberry Newberry the tion— institu own my At braries, such as the Folger, the Huntington and and Huntington the Folger, the as such braries, cation of computer technology to historical historical to technology computer of the cation of lifeblood the are that skills other and of history studies. the Renaissance and history, cartography, community re­ and family supporting and fellowships providing by oe ital a ulc nttto ue—and used— institution public a virtually come titative analysis of historical data, and the appli­ the and data, historical of analysis titative a piae n rsre fr h fw a be­ has few the for reserved and that private institution was research scholarly a process, the geography. history, Indian of fields the in centers search also but there, being by simply not writing, and in a tkn lc a ohr needn li­ independent other at place taken has transforma­ tion same The many. the supported—by uaiis coa tdy aegah, quan­ paleography, today— scholar humanities h Aeia niura Society. Antiquarian American the wbrysporms"r pr f n non efr t cet ad trc e adecsfrte u anities.' hum the for audiences new attract and create to effort ongoing an of part "are s program berry's ew N We promote the acquisition of languages languages of acquisition the promote We At the Newberry, we encourage research research encourage we Newberry, the At e ek o mrv tahn b fostering by teaching improve to seek We ; who are em ployed outside of academ e — e academ of outside ployed em Ph.D.'s are to home a; who Library the make We . grams. in colleges and universities to upgrade the the upgrade to universities and history new the colleges of in use the encouraging by and at humanities the in teaching interdisciplinary study and teaching of local, community and and community local, of teaching and study relations, Indian-white of history the his­ holding Indian and of by tory teaching the in colleges, institutes summer midwestern twenty-five hte a atres r ai rvr—ad we and drivers— taxi or attorneys as whether pro- and materials Newberry's the to access high to taught be can it new how the shows and exemplifies history which Fair, History Metro history. state hire Ph.D.'s for every possible job, including in­ including job, possible every for Ph.D.'s hire All scholars. by disparaged much field ally re-unite a respected to its but worked once genealogy— have with we history students; school modest fellowship program and by providing providing by and program fellowship modest humanities. the for audiences new attract tttoa development. stitutional coas n oc wt shlrhp hog a through scholarship with touch in scholars to effort ongoing an of part are programs these room s, a m ulti-purpose conference room, room, conference ulti-purpose m a s, room seminar program-—classrooms, outreach our for xiiin al, n a ra rfrne n bib­ and reference great a and halls, exhibition facilities accom­ new is have will building Newberry old the the plished, of renovation the erecting are we building stack new the for lion igahcl etr ht il iet eiu read­ serious direct will that center liographical when And materials. the of use the with sistent com­ is stack the When facility. present our mil­ in $12.5 raising currently are we it, prove to et oe cnby n mn a dvs, con­ environ­ devise, best can man the and buy can have money will ment Uncom­ of Collections" Collection mon "Uncommon our pleted, ihis — the for agenda our set eighties. that seizing on opportunities concentrate the only need We available. of rest the can so it, do can we if opportunities; resources. humanities world's the to ers the humanities community. Vast resources resources Vast community. humanities the We co-sponsor and house the Chicago Chicago the house and co-sponsor We We do our best to keep underemployed underemployed keep to best our do We nsot w r ntari o h 18s and 1980s, the of afraid not are we short, In At the Newberry, we see our "problems" as as "problems" our see we Newberry, the At arne . Towner W. Lawrence are

Photograph by Morton Broffman Photographs: The Library of Congress Restoration Office Collections Archival and braries every year, as books turn to dust, far ex­ far dust, to turn books as year, every braries l, t a a og rdto. h tute f fis­ a of trustee The tradition. long a has it all, cost. in restoration and Florence, in extent of place took terms that li­ damage the America's ceeds in occurs that damage The grams. disasters other and flood Florence the Unlike eeo cnevto ad rsrain pro­ preservation we and unless re­ forever of lost conservation amount be will vast develop a material is disaster: place search of taking is kind that another destruction deteriora­ the Yet, gradual event. the headlines, make which Library of Deterioration tion of library and archival collections is a non- non- a is collections archival and library of tion THE QUIET DISASTER QUIET THE rp ws asd y utn fr igrrns Te eod htgah a tkn fe tet ent- treatm after taken photo­ was first the in photograph second iscoloration D e. The costum fingerprints. theatrical on for book rare dusting a by from page caused a of was pictures graph after and Before Neglect rarely provokes public outcry. After After outcry. public provokes rarely Neglect be withdrawn from circulation because they are are they because circulation from withdrawn be poned more easily than payroll. The trustee trustee The post­ be payroll. can than easily conservation more and poned needs, of list eod i s msie ht t em t df solu­ defy to seems it that massive so is records defensible point of view: the society has a long long a has a society has the book view: rare of a of point vetos defensible restoration who for society estimate an historical or library lean cally says, "The book has lasted this long; it will last last will it long; this longer." lasted has little a book "The says, o bite o e ade. h Nw ok Public York New The handled. should be to brittle one-third too books out million that eighteen estimates its Congress of of Library The tion.

The problem of deterioration of books and and books of deterioration of problem The

come brittle and yellow as the paper becomes becomes paper the as yellow and brittle come some require will an its collections not of archival and probably half brary is It than more unusable. now that are books ates estim Library aual dtroae, h pgs f bo be­ book a of pages the deteriorates, naturally end the past survive century. to this of treatment li­ all of conservation percent 80 that assert to overstatement Paperbacks printed on wood pulp paper ten ten edges. paper the around pulp yellow well. wood turning on are ago remarkably Books years printed endured . have Paperbacks any-fold paper m rag has ity, rocess p air, the this to­ of onward, pollution quality accelerated century increased paper with in gether mid-nineteenth decline the The from time. over acidic brary of Congress restoration office estimates estimates office restoration Congress of con­ a be brary will today libraries by acquired being rne i te itet cnuy n od qual­ good on century sixteenth the in printed quantify the nation's conservation needs would would needs conservation nation's the quantify and collections, book be rare will its work of repair to person-years required 11,500 least at Li­ that The generation. books a of within headache billions servation the etrically: geom growing h cuty ad f hs ol a adu spe­ mate­ handful archival a and only library rials. of these treatment of in cialize and country, the to Council the Advisory by contemplated Conservation being now National study A tion. having decided this, are willing to turn over over turn to willing are this, most decided Possibly having value. historical of material for in conservators paper are certified there fifty But than results. fewer staggering produce surely collec­ the of fraction small relatively a are these their valuable materials to a suitable repository? suitable a to materials valuable their should not. But how many institutions, once once institutions, many how But not. should ht s rsnl aqiig ae aeil o ma­ or material, rare acquiring of presently is conserving that and repairing Labor cleaning, operate. for control and install costs Climate to costly that is sub­ expenses. entail equipment foreseen would maintenance have materials stantial not these of could ago possession years tions the materials are no longer trivial. Any library library Any trivial. longer no are materials the Because paper is an organic substance that that substance organic an is paper Because The scope of the brittle book problem is is problem book brittle the of scope The Not every library needs to be a repository repository a be to needs library every Not ntttos ht mse vlal collec­ valuable amassed that Institutions 5 Photograph: New England Document Conservation Center nuua Address A Inaugural possessions. A m icrospatula is used to detach a holograph leaf of Abraham Lincoln's Lincoln's Abraham of leaf holograph a detach to used is icrospatula m A 6 eirtn. hs nsrp i oe f h Lbay f ogess s treasured ost m Congress's of Library the of one is anuscript m This teriorating. n. oe ntttos nit ht o eey dol­ every for that insist institutions Some ing. income additional for planning without building ugt o cnevto. o te lbay ht I that library other No conservation. for budget as i i lbr nesv. lre nonprofit large, A intensive. labor is it cause plan­ Similar fund. endowment the be for also must dollar raised a construction, for raised lar build­ that of costs maintenance the new support a to build would institution rare, responsible Today considered no care. future be its for provision someday make should may that terial u cuty ant os a lmt cnrl sys­ control its climate a boast in cannot libraries conserving country prestigious our to most the or of Some financial commitment books. Newberry's professional operating approaches its of of know percent 10 about allocating e, ree arcniinn n h stacks. the in conditioning air even or tem, been has field, the in leader the Chicago, years of many Library for Newberry The adequately? collections. of acquisition for needed is ning vr lgt al a te w nln Dou ent ocum D England ew N the enter. C at table Conservation light a over trortng dou ns r crf l xmined exam lly carefu are ents ocum d g ratin eterio D ult cnevto i vr epnie be­ expensive very is conservation Quality collection a preserve to cost it does What rm is l monig a aii mt or ta i nw de­ now is that board mat acidic an ounting, m old its from

eipsil omk hawy I teps, the past, the In headway. make to impossible be conservation profession has, for the most part, part, most the for has, profession conservation oue bt il o srnte a ok ht is that book per a $20 brittle. strengthen $10— already not cost will may but materials. volume, valuable or deacidification rare for Spray only suitable is expense the at only cut be can corners however, a maintaining of by and time numbers same the large at England items like treating by New efficiency the achieve like center, conservation eadd as osrain ih suspicion, with conservation mass regarded will it cost- found, are more methods Unless conservation effective developed. been not simply every page, mending and rebinding can cost cost can rebinding and mending page, every objects. the of strength and permanence the of point, a Beyond atmosphere. work disciplined can (NEDCC), Center Conservation Document several hundred dollars or more. This treatment treatment This more. of or dollars hundred several deacidification and washing disassembly, "Full treatment" of a book at NEDCC, including including NEDCC, at book a of treatment" "Full vprpae rcs i big eeoe fr as ecdfcto o bos Eprmet a te irr of Library the at ents Experim books. of deacidification mass for developed being is process vapor-phase A oges rsrain eerh n Tsig aoaoy hw h ue f ity zn i ti poes Tech­ handy. process. this extinguisher in fire a zinc keep and diethyl gear of use the protective show other and Laboratory masks Testing face and ear w must Research nicians Preservation Congress Technology for treating mass materials has has materials mass treating for Technology Second

irr o Cnrs etmae ta oetid f t bos r to rtl t be to brittle The too are attacks. acid books its future of prevent one-third will that which ates estim salt Congress alkaline of an Library introduce to and handled. tymansu abnt i buhd vr hs oi t nurlz is acidity its neutralize to folio this over brushed is carbonate agnesium ethylm M librarian is in the position of having to choose choose to having of The position book. the every in save is to librarian possible be not will it ia polm ta ag cletos pose. collections large logis­ that and problems philosophical tical ethical, the concerning eln ta i ipis mcaia apoc to approach mechanical a implies it that feeling what to preserve and, even more difficult, what what difficult, more even and, preserve to what discussion as well as of needed is conservation materials in mass research More by addressed conservators. fully repeti­ been not simple, has perform procedures tive to trained be might paraprofession- als how of question The treatment. iin f bo ad h aon o money of amount the and book a can of How dition microfilm? as such format, in another preserved be must materials Which value? ramn lentvs e ace wt te con­ the in with matched be preserved alternatives be treatment can which and original, the permanent by mean we and do what and value nent philosophical the with deal to equipped not to preserve. The average librarian is not not is librarian average The preserve. to not ehia ise. hc mtras ae perma­ have materials Which issues. technical With our present conservation techniques, techniques, conservation present our With

available for conservation? How can groups of libraries coordinate their conservation efforts to Sharing avoid duplication? The NEDCC, committed to preserving li­ brary and archival collections, believes that public awareness programs are an important the first step in finding solutions. If no one realizes there is a serious problem, nothing is going to happen. It is especially critical to educate ad­ ministrators and trustees who control an institu­ wealth tion's purse strings. A major aspect of NEDCC's work is pro­ viding consultation to librarians and archivists to help them make informed choices about what to preserve. A repository's long-range conserva­ tion program should include preventive main­ tenance as well as restorative treatment. Based on a systematic evaluation of the collection, NEDCC provides recommendations for im­ proved environmental conditions, for proper storage and handling, and for priorities for pro­ fessional conservation treatment. An NEH grant will enable NEDCC to increase its consulting ac­ tivities over the next three years, adding to its staff a full-time field services director. Future solutions to the problem of library and archival conservation must include these Next fall, the Historical Society in Port­ elements among others: land will unveil an exhibit dramatically showing • training more conservators; how the arrival of white traders from Europe • continuing education about conservation and America transformed the native North for librarians and administrators; American cultures they found along the Pacific • including courses on preservation in the Northwest Coast. Ivory carvings, basketry, fab­ regular curriculum of library schools; rics, furs, robes, wooden armor and copper • strengthening cooperative conservation pieces—some of them nearly two hundred centers and developing new ones in regions years old—will be shown and interpreted. where they do not exist; The exhibit—"Penetrating Exploration of • developing a "phase approach" to con­ the Pacific Rim: Triumphs and Tragedies of servation; Trade"—at first may seem an attractive, well- • researching treatment of mass materials; conceived and thoughtful presentation, striking • convincing publishers to use acid-free perhaps in its regional focus, but not radically paper for new books that enter libraries. different from the kind of imaginative display Unlike museums, most libraries and re­ scores of local museums across the country are search institutions do not view themselves as mounting nowadays in response to an appar­ treasure houses, except, perhaps, in rare book ently insatiable public appetite for rediscovering departments or special collections. Unlike and understanding the past. museums no accrediting body pressures librar­ The two hundred objects to be seen in ies or archival institutions to make a commit­ Portland, however, represent something special ment to conservation. in the museum world: they are coming home to But concern about conservation among li­ the Northwest for the first time since their re­ brarians and archivists has grown markedly in moval eastward by the traders who first ac­ the last few years. A conservation tour spon­ quired them. They are returning from the Pea­ sored by the Society of American Archivists at body Museum at Harvard—the oldest (founded its annual meeting in Chicago had many more in 1866) archaeological and ethnological subscribers than could be accommodated. museum in the Western hemisphere—as part of NEDCC had to order extra buses for a tour for an unprecedented NEH-supported experiment participants in the Association of College Re­ in collection sharing which includes the Pea­ search Libraries Rare Book and Manuscripts body and nine other historical, science, art and Conference in Boston. Library school courses general museums from Boston to Baltimore to and institutes on conservation administration Fort Worth. have been well attended, as have workshops As the costs of all cultural enterprises soar, and conferences sponsored by NEDCC and hard-pressed cultural institutions have no other institutions throughout the country. choice but to pinch pennies and cut back on From one point of view, one of the more re­ their services to the public. Sharing scarce re­ markable events of the last year was the investi­ sources is one way to stretch the dollars re­ gation by Congress of preservation efforts at the ceived from the Federal treasury or private con­ National Archives, following jack Anderson's tributors. Thus opera companies borrow and attack on the deplorable condition of the rec­ exchange sets; students and teachers have long ords. For once, the quiet disaster became news. relied on inter-library loans for research mate­ If all librarians and archivists were subject to rials; and art museums have for decades dis­ public scrutiny for care of their collections, who patched traveling exhibits of their treasures for would be invulnerable? But at that point, we wider public viewing. might begin to see the rapid percolation of But museums, which until recently took a solutions. —Ann Russell fierce proprietary attitude toward the objects in their collections, have traditionally been reluc­ tant to allow their prized possessions outside their walls except on an ad hoc basis and under Ed. note: In Fiscal 1981 the Endowment, for the first Stele from excavations at the ancient Mayan city at the most stringent control. The fact that an au­ time, is initiating a program to support planning and Copan, Honduras, which is part of the Peabody gust research institution like the Peabody is not training efforts in the conservation area. Museum's vast collection of artifacts. only willing but eager to loan its vast collection 7 to smaller, regional museums for a two- or West will document the changing attitudes and three-year period, is a sign that collection shar­ impressions of white artists and explorers. ing is an idea whose time has come. The Science Museum of Minnesota in St. The resources in the Peabody are stagger­ Paul will mount an exhibit depicting Indian life ing: the museum owns more than two million in the Valley a millennium ago. artifacts documenting vanished civilizations. "There's a stereotype of Indians as horsemen," Many of the objects are irreplaceable, hence says Curator Orrin Shane, "but many of the In­ priceless. Even if smaller museums had the dians were farmers. Our exhibit will show how money to amass their own collections (and they they lived, how they organized their com­ don't), many of these art objects cannot be ob­ munities, how they made their livings." tained today in the field, at any price. "Art ma­ The Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore is terials are limited resources—rarer than fresh scheduling exhibits and interpretive programs air," says the Peabody's director, C.C. Lam- that feature 200 objects of sub-Saharan African berg-Karlovsky. art from the Peabody's collection. One thing the Peabody does not have—a Collection sharing may be the wave of the large and diverse public audience. It is primarily future, but what is plausible and enticing in a research-oriented institution, says Fran Sil­ theory— the idea of recycling art objects—is not verman, director of the museum's collection- so simple in practice. sharing program, and "has maintained only The artifacts culled from the Peabody's modest exhibition facilities and public education storerooms needed extensive preparation, and programs which do not permit the use of as last summer the Peabody installed a conserva­ much of our material as we wish." tion lab to work on the hundreds of pieces cho­ The majority of the artifacts in the Peabody sen by the other participating museums. At languish in storage, and many are deteriorating, least half the objects are covered with grime and while the public has little chance to see them. require painstaking restoration—an incredibly The collection-sharing program will, through a labor-intensive (i.e., expensive) job. The logis­ kind of cultural partnership with a cross section tics of collection sharing also involve complex of the American museum community, open up arrangements for security and climate control; the Peabody's enormous wealth to a wider au­ the artifacts must be cataloged and photo­ dience. Nine exhibits are planned over the next graphed, their movements plotted and traced, three years. and shipping and unpacking are major enter­ At Boston's Museum of Science nearly three prises. Collection sharing is costly. hundred artifacts excavated at the ancient No one doubts that the money spent on Mayan city of Copan, including some of the collection sharing is well invested. The Peabody finest pre-Columbian objects in existence, will itself is a prime beneficiary, since prized objects be the centerpiece of an interpretive display of in its collection will be cleaned, restored and Mayan culture. The Peabody has already deliv­ conserved. Museums across the country will be ered a gigantic cast of a stele to its neighbor able to present to their audiences rare and im­ across the Charles River. Made in 1880, the cast portant artifacts of peerless quality in quantities is now in better condition than the original they could never dream of purchasing. The goal stone (dated at A.D. 731), which is still at the of stretching the Federal dollar as far as it can go archaeological site in Honduras. means that everyone wins—particularly the Boston's Children's Museum will exhibit public. — Barbara Delman Wolfson Peabody artifacts and photographs illustrating Ms. Wolfson is a Washington editor and historian. American Indian culture of the Northeast. At the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, "Recycling Scholarly Collections . . . Through Collection the Peabody's famed Bushnell collection of wa- Sharing"IC.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky/Harvard U. Peabody tercolors and drawings by nineteenth- and early Museum, Cambridge, MAI$150,00011980 -81IMuseums twentieth-century explorers of the American and Historical Organizations Program.

The Peabody, America's oldest archaeological museum, will share its collections with nine other museums across the country. Pictured here are (from top to bottom) a woman's hat from the Nootka Sound Indians; an engraved stone disc found near Moundville, Carthage, Alabama; and a maize god from Copan, Honduras. Collection sharing will mean a large and diverse public audience for these This water color of Indian hunters by Peter Rindisbacher is part of an interpretive exhibit of watercolors treasures. and drawings by nineteenth- and early twentieth-century explorers in the American West, to be shown in Phoenix and Rochester, New York, as well as Fort Worth's Amon Carter Museum. 8 If you want to know how to make a cornshuck hat, a flintlock rifle, a fiddle or a friendship quilt, you can turn to the typewritten pages of a little magazine produced entirely by high school students in Rabun Gap, Georgia. You won't be alone. Over 5,000 subscribers from all fifty states read the accurate, step-by-step, illus­ trated instructions to these and other Appala­ chian mountain crafts in the fourteen-year-old and now famous Foxfire. Ten times that number read the carefully collected information re­ printed in the Foxfire books. The commercial success of Foxfire has been equaled by its success in the classroom. For in Rabun Gap and in several hundred other com­ munities in the United States, Foxfire and proj­ ects like it are teaching students essential skills of communication, while satisfying the yearning folklore and oral history for meaning and independence that young cri­ LIGHT UP A CURRICULUM tics of the classroom have found missing from FOXFIRE their high school careers. Like many successes, Foxfire was born of failure. Eliot Wigginton, the creator of the proj­ ect and still its prime mover, calls it the failure of public education “to wake kids up and get them to work.'' Equipped with a B.A. in English and an M.A. in education from Cornell University, Wigginton returned to the Georgia highlands, where he was raised, to teach English and geog­ raphy to the ninth- and tenth-graders at the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School. "For my Ap­ palachian students,” Wigginton wrote in the in­ troduction to The Foxfire Book, "English was a subject as remote, meaningless and useless as a course in the decoration of subway platforms." Foxfire began as his attempt to show his students that their work in school could affect their lives and their communities. From the first issue, which appeared in March, 1967, financed by $400 that the students raised from parents and local businesses, the process of collecting information from the el­ derly residents of their mountain community and the product in which it is presented have just because you're old. Feller's got t'have by regular classroom fare, Beun's group tailored changed little. The students still go to the somethin' t'do. Well, this is one of th'things the project for students "who are not being homes of the people in the community, some­ I do, and I'm proud I can. Let'em laugh. I'll adequately served by public education." He times into the majesty of the mountain coun­ be eatin' good this winter and laughin' cites successes with learning disabled, emotion­ tryside to isolated cabins where they ask their back. ally disturbed, disadvantaged, and predelin­ "contacts” questions about their lives and Two small grants from NEH in 1970 and quent students as evidence that a Foxfire-like homes and ways. With tape recorders and 1971 allowed the students to expand their project can work where others have failed. cameras, they preserve the methodology and coverage with updated equipment. With new "If you measure grades, attendance, and philosophy of a remote, self-sufficient Ap­ battery-powered tape recorders, they could leadership in other areas of student life, our palachia, of which, before the project began, the interview people who lived in homes without project has definitely improved students' per­ students were as aware as of the Georgia electricity. Battery-powered videotape equip­ formance," said Lonna Schafer, who sponsors cicadas, whose constant, pervasive drone they ment allowed them to preserve on film scenes Tsa'Aszi', a magazine produced by students at notice, not so much while it sounds, but after, such as Bill Lamb making shingles with a mallet the Pine Hill School of the Ramah Navajo Tribe when the season has chilled it to silence. and froe, Jake Waldroop using the small bone of in Ramah, New Mexico. The students receive an To the recipes and advice that fill the pages a turkey's wing as a turkey call, and Hillard elective credit in English for their work in pro­ of Foxfire, the students add poetry, student- Green telling tales of life in the mountains. ducing a quarterly journal of Navajo culture, art written or selected by them from the poems that The funding also enabled Wigginton to hire and poetry. In addition to basic writing skills come in from all over the country, and another full-time adviser so that the Foxfire staff and the methods of magazine production, pho­ photographs—of the steps in some process, of could help other projects get started. And Fox­ tography and business operations, the students the mountains around them, of the weathered fire spread, slowly at first, to neighboring com­ at Pine Hill learn the skill of translating. All of faces of the men and women they interview. munities, then picking up speed and the the interviews are conducted in Navajo, but There is also something that the students strength of more successes, to other com­ most of the magazine is printed in English. call "a personality piece." In these oral history munities, far away and different from Rabun There are now several hundred cultural interviews transcribed almost verbatim from the Gap. journalism programs operating independently students' tapes, Foxfire readers are introduced To Brian Beun, president of Ideas, Inc., a from Hawaii to Alaska to Maine. The myriad to the mountain folk. nonprofit, public service organization that aided projects—all student-produced, all painstaking "People'll look at those pictures," laughs the spread of Foxfire by sponsoring staff ex­ studies of their communities, some boasting eighty-year-old Hillard Green from the pages of changes and commissioning guides to the proj­ paperback compendiums similar to the Foxfire The Foxfire Book, "an say, 'What is that crazy old ect, the best thing about Foxfire is its adaptabil­ books—share news and ideas through a na­ man a'doin?'" Hillard gives the kids an answer: ity. "We think of 'Foxfire' now as a generic term tional newsletter (Foxfire-initiated) and were You tell'em I'm puttin' up 'maters for for community-based, experiential learning christened a "movement" in newspaper reports th'winter, that's what. People might laugh programs." Beun was one of the first to sense of their first national convention held at Wash­ at such stuff as this, but I'll tell y', I'm not Foxfire's ability to procreate. ington University, St. Louis, last summer. about t'let'em rot. And when you've got Because it had been so successful in What is the recipe that Wigginton and "his old, you're not a'goin't'lay down and die motivating students who had been uninspired kids" have handed on to several hundred other 9 groups? "There are two essential ingredients," Wig­ ginton said. One he feels is a school administra­ tion that will allow the project to become an in­ tegrated part of the curriculum. Students should be given class time to work on the mag­ azine and should be given academic credit for the work. "It isn't fair to expect kids to work only after school," Wigginton feels. The second ingredient: /YThey need a teacher who's willing to run interference for the kids and who's willing to become intimate with the community." Since 1976, Wigginton has been balancing intimacy and interference. Especially in the early years, a project that engages students so totally that they work in the darkroom through English class, or, staying too long with an interview, they come late to study hall, is bound to draw criticism. Wiggin­ ton wrote in his introduction to Foxfire 2, . . There is so little joy in the world of most kids. The recognition of worth and accom­ plishment is so strained and so stingily parceled and our condemnation so freely given that it completely overwhelms the elation of any posi­ tive, shared experiences. I find it no mystery at Students learn photog­ all that kids tune us out. raphy along with oral history and magazine And if you think I'm exaggerating, you're production techniques probably part of the problem." in projects like Foxfire. Richard Jones, a tenth-grader who is inter­ These photographs, shot viewing his grandmother, Nora Jones, for a per­ and developed by stu­ sonality piece in this winter's Foxfire, described dents, were printed in Foxfire 6. the relationship that students have with Wig­ ginton. "Other teachers—you don't know em, Another experiential in a way. But Wig . . . he's real nice and he's learning project, Legado, easy to talk to. You can ask him anything and is produced by students not be afraid. And . . . he's real smart." from the Miami Coral Park High School in Wigginton still supervises the students' Florida. The students work on the magazine and the resulting books. explore Miami's differ­ Now one of a staff of nine, he is still president ent cultures in articles of The Foxfire Fund, a nonprofit organization printed in parallel Eng­ that solicits donations and grant support for the lish and Spanish texts. An article about the de­ expanding projects under its auspices. The sign and manufacture of projects include Foxfire Video, Foxfire Records, a Latin shirt, the The Foxfire Press, Foxfire Furniture, Environ­ guayatiera, (right) ap­ mental Studies, Elementary School Projects, peared in Legado, the and Photography and Bookkeeping. Each de­ Spanish word for "le g a c y ." partment offers elective courses in some area of the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee curriculum. And still there are plans for more ways to challenge students, new ways to help the Rabun Gap community. The Foxfire Fund, Inc. re­ ceived last year a $300,000 NEH Challenge Grant to bolster the existing endowment fund, established with book royalties, so that the fund's income will be able to sustain the project if the books stop selling. Part of the $900,000 that the Federal money will generate (a Chal­ lenge Grant is made with the requirement that the recipient find three times the amount of the grant from private sources) will build and equip a television studio, printing operation, and sales building. Eliot Wigginton's students named their magazine "Foxfire" after a native lichen that glows in the dark. They may have sensed that the printed Foxfire would also glow and reawa­ ken in them, as well as in thousands of other high school students, the natural desire to learn. — Linda Blanken Ms. Blanken is editorial assistant for Humanities.

" The FOXFIRE Folklife Training and Research Program"IB. Eliot Wigginton/The Southern Highlands Literary Fund, Inc., Rabun Gap, GAI$10,00011970-711 $9,401ll971-72IElementary and Secondary Education Program/The Foxfire Fund, Inc.l$300,000 offerll980-82l Challenge Grants Program 10 America's Minority Reports The It is not the kind of thing we Americans talk about much, but one of our oldest traditions is Harvard to fear tolerance. The habit goes back at least to the Pilgrims, who first headed for these shores not to shake off persecution, as we like to think, Encyclopedia but to get as far as possible from tolerant people. of What we conveniently tend to forget in the Pilgrim saga is that those determined dissenters made their getaway from England to Holland, American where they ran into unaccustomed acceptance. There was the rub: many of their children, who Ethnic found Dutch society attractive and open, were tempted to join it. The Pilgrims were threatened by assimilation. Groups As William Bradford recorded in Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647, "of all sorrows most heavy to be borne, was that many of their children, by these occasions and the great licen­ tiousness of youth in that country, and the manifold temptations of the place, were drawn away by evil example into extravagant and dangerous courses, getting the reins off their neck and departing from their parents.” Enough of that tolerant society stuff. Off to the New World, where the Pilgrims could pro­ tect their religion, culture and kids, where they and many others would inflict tolerance— and much worse— on the peoples already there and yet to come, where group after group has simi­ larly feared that more acceptance and success in the general society would doom its own special ways. This persistent tension between assimila­ tion and pluralism is at the heart of the Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, a re­ markable collection of 106 ethnic group histories sentimentality, and they generally succeed. Nor As we continue on our way as a nation (with 87 maps), plus 29 essays on often con­ is the book designed to assist the politically ac­ forever in search of itself, few things about the troversial subjects which continue to vex our tive crowd that periodically pronounces the American ethnic future can be said with confi­ days at home and abroad. "melting pot" dead. Indeed, it includes early on dence. One is that we do not face some stark The folks from Harvard have not given us a a reminder that perhaps a majority of Ameri­ and simplistic choice between the "melting pot" flawless work; the book misstates twice, for cans, and certainly a large minority of many and "cultural pluralism," as so many have be­ example, that the Supreme Court has required millions, no longer identifies with any ethnic lieved. We have long had, and will long con­ schools to provide bilingual education to chil­ group. They are just the "plain Americans." tinue to have, differing degrees of both integra­ dren with other languages who have little com­ Moreover, as one of the thematic essays tion and separation, with each remaining a mand of English. The court has done no such notes, religious and racial intermarriage has powerful force. As another essay aptly con­ thing. But such errors of fact, which presumably been rising significantly in recent years. One cludes, "The variety of styles in pluralism and will be fixed in future editions to satisfy those of might take this as a sign of reduced prejudice, assimilation suggests that ethnicity is as com­ us in the Nitpicker-Americans group, pale be­ as has customarily been the case, but it is plex as life itself." Try stuffing that into a catch side the immense value of this sweeping vol­ another kind of tolerance that many of those phrase. — Noel Epstein ume, six years in the making and the first to at­ pluralists devoted to preserving the ethnic Reprinted from Book World, The Washington tempt to capture the entire mosaic of the Ameri­ group understandably would like to do without. Post, where Mr. Epstein is assistant editor of the can ethnic experience. People with dual or multiple ancestries tend to Outlook section. There's plenty here for those simply in­ swell the ranks of the "plain Americans," that terested in their own groups' pieces of the largest of groups which, ironically, we don't mosaic, from 22 pages on Afro-Americans to 64 know all that much about. American Self-Portrait pages for the 173 American Indian nations to Another entry does take on the seemingly "You cannot change your g'randparents. But slightly more than a page for the little-known never-ending job of trying to define just what you can forget them, and many Americans Zoroastrians. Southerners and Appalachians an "American identity" is supposed to be. Al­ have," declares the introduction to the Harvard may be particularly pleased to learn that they though not entirely satisfying, it provides some Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. are treated as ethnic groups, joining such other provocative food for thought. Few realize, for But in the last decade, ethnicity has been homegrown varieties as the Mormons. one example, that the "cultural pluralism" ar­ celebrated in politics, urban life and neighbor­ There are also reams on the next guy's ex­ gument from its start in 1915 has contained hood communities, and is now recognized as a periences, including intriguing material on ad­ what is politely termed a "racialist" element, at­ growing field of academic study. More and ditional little-known groups. Try, for example, tributing "the distinctive characteristics of more Americans are trying to remember their the Wends (centered in Texas, originally from a peoples to inborn racial qualities," as the book grandparents, uncover their roots, and reclaim land tucked in what is now East Germany), the puts it. the ethnic identity that their own parents — Tri-Racial IsolateS’-(more than 200 small groups There is also much to chew on in other es­ often second-generation Americans—struggled of mixed ancestry, like the Brass Ankles and the says about controversial issues—divided na­ to submerge in the mainstream of American life. Bushwhackers, many clustered in eastern tional loyalties, prejudice and discrimination, Who are we? Where did we come from? swamps and mountain valleys), or the Kalmyks policies and prospects for languages other than What impelled us here? What were we like in (our only Mongolian Buddhists, about 900 English, immigration and naturalization ques­ language, family structure, religious belief? strong and living mainly in New Jersey and tions, to name some—that remain unsettled. How did we raise our children? What happened Pennsylvania). One of the most provocative aspects of the to us in America? How did we get along with Thankfully, though, the 120 contributors— or thematic essays is the mischief that results each other and with other groups? To what de­ at least the editors— strive to avoid the these- when ideologically opposed authors are writing gree did we hold fast to our ethnic identity and are-a-terrific-and-proud-people type of ethnic on related issues. traditions; how soon did we renounce or re- 11 shape them? the ethnic groups themselves. Many are histo­ gional origins, all specially commissioned for These questions cluster around one of the rians with an extensive knowledge of group ori­ the Encyclopedia, constitute a virtual historical central themes in American history: the inter­ gins, but they also include anthropologists, atlas on their own. play between assimilation and pluralism, a political scientists, economists and geographers. The annotated bibliographies for each entry theme that is still unresolved. Ethnicity, the En­ For example, two well-known but very different are designed to be useful and accessible. The cyclopedia's editors remind us, remains very figures, journalist/commentator Michael Novak checklist sent to all the contributors requested a much an open question in American society and and historian/political theorist Michael Walzer maximum of ten important works "available to policy, with "complex value issues at stake in wrote back-to-back essays on "Pluralism," each the encyclopedia reader in paperback or in a this emotionally and politically charged area." from his own perspective. For "Yankees," moderate-sized public or college library," and To put together the encyclopedia required, Oscar Handlin wrote a valedictory essay on a asked them not to list "highly special­ first of all, an understanding of what an ethnic once powerful group whose identity has now ized. . . technical, or difficult to obtain works." group is. The editorial definition was "flexible vanished— "blended into the general image of The two appendices also reflect the pragmatic and pragmatic" and, finally, all-embracing. In the WASP." Cultural critic Werner Sollors goal of the Encyclopedia, not merely to present addition to obvious characteristics of common wrote the essay on "Literature and Ethnicity," facts, but to help readers interpret data on their geographic origin, language, religion, literature, which ranges from Cotton Mather and Haw­ own. Appendix I, an essay by Australian de­ folklore and music, groups that perceived them­ thorne to Jean Toomer and Israel Zangwill, mographer Charles A. Price on different and selves as distinctive, or were perceived by whose 1908 novel The Melting Pot became a controversial methods of estimating the size of others as distinctive, were deemed eligible as catchphrase for America. ethnic groups, explains why estimates vary so "ethnic." All of us then are (or were) ethnic The contributors' names are a roll call of greatly according to the sources used. The ap­ Americans. ethnic diversity: Alisaukas, Bjornson, Cortes, pendix is a lucid guide for the reader trying to The contributors— 120 American and Euro­ Fitzpatrick, Ishaya, Jones, Juravich, Kim, make sense out of wildly conflicting statistical pean scholars and specialists— are as diverse as Luebke, etc. Eighty-seven maps showing re­ evidence. Appendix II includes much of the data itself: facsimiles of statistical tabulations and such hard-to-obtain material as the first survey of foreign born conducted in the United States—the Seventh Census of 1850. The Encyclopedia bears witness to the amazing diversity of the American people and, its editors emphasize the fact that "new ele­ ments of diversity are still being added." After decades of restrictive immigration, the United States is once more an immigrant-receiving so­ ciety. Since the 1950s some eleven million im­ migrants have entered the country legally—four million of them during the 1970s alone. While the story of America's newest immigrants is yet to be told, the Encyclopedia is a resource for studying the ingredients that have thus far given the American ethnic mix its unique flavor. — Barbara Delman Wolfson

Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups Oscar HandlinlHarvard U., Cambridge, MAI$489,658I 1976-81/Research Tools Program

"The Italians in Chicago" is the culmination Candeloro. Over two hundred people donated Italians in Chicago of an intensive two-years of planning, research items— holy cards, banners from mutual benefit On the feast day of Our Lady of Lauretana, the and collection conducted by the University of societies, wine presses, victrolas, barbers' tools, people in the community wake early for the Illinois-Chicago Circle in cooperation with the photographs, letters—for deposit in a perma­ festa. The beautiful painting of the Madonna is American Italian Historical Association (AIHA). nent archive. placed in a small, ornate temple. Some of the Project Director Dominic Candeloro calls it "a The people of Chicago donated their men carry the temple to a raised platform while rare opportunity for members of an immigrant memories as generously as they gave their the congregation follows, walking to the solemn culture to tell their own story and to document souvenirs. Nearly one hundred Chicagoans rhythm of hymns to the Virgin. A line forms at their own history, at the same time permitting talked to interviewers over the two years, shar­ the dais, and one by one the faithful ascend the social historians to learn from direct contact and ing stories of finding jobs in America, of stairs to kiss the holy image, to make their do­ dialogue with the people." swinging sledge hammers and lifting ties and nations, to pray for special intentions. A committee of community leaders from rails for the American railroad, of feste (celebra­ The ceremony takes place every year—not major Italian groups across the country and of tions of the feast days of saints and Madonnas), in the balmy Sicilian village of Alta Villa Milicia, scholars representing Chicago's cultural institu­ and of "how it used to be in the old neighbor­ where it has its origins, but in the parking lot of tions examined the adjustment of Italian immi­ hood." a shopping center in suburban Chicago. It is an grant families to conditions in urban America, Writer Jerre Mangione, who participated in example of the cultural retention and—in its through a coordinated series of symposia, ar­ the project symposium on "Growing Up juxtaposition of Old World tradition and mod­ chival searches, newspaper research and oral Italian-American," describes in his book An ern suburban location—of the interaction be­ history tapings. Ethnic at Large the "pain of confused identity" tween heritage and environment that have Eighteen symposia and workshops were felt by children who lived in homes of Old marked the Italian-American experience in conducted throughout Chicago, including five World tradition encircled by a city of new ways. Chicago. special symposiums for senior citizens. These Projects like "The Italians in Chicago" remove The story of that experience will be told events brought together humanities scholars, some of the confusion and may make today's through an exhibit scheduled to open at the specialists in Italian-American history and local children more comfortable in what Mangione Chicago Public Library Cultural Center next community residents to discuss family life, food calls the "cultural gymnastic stance. . . with March. "The Italians in Chicago" will display customs, neighborhood, Italians in the profes­ one foot in my Sicilian heritage, the other in the photographs, documents, and memorabilia sions, "growing up Italian-American," and American mainstream." — Linda Blanken showing what neighborhood, churches, lan­ other issues central to the Italian-American ex­ guage, schools, the workplace, and the labor perience in Chicago. union meant in the lives of families who, since The symposia also served as resources for '‘Documenting and Sharing the Italian-American Experi­ the turn of the century, were gradually trans­ the collection and identification of historical ma­ ence in Chicago"/Dominic Candeloro/University of Il­ formed from Italian immigrants to ethnic terial. Almost all of the artifacts in the exhibi­ linois, Chicago/$298,874 OR; $15,000 G&M. 1979-81/ Americans. tion "came from attics and scrapbooks," said Special Projects-Program Development. 12 Deadline in For projects Please note: Area code for all telephone numbers is 202. boldface beginning after

DIVISION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS— Geoffrey Marshall, Director 724-0351 Elementary and Secondary Education— Francis Roberts 724-0373 April 1, 1981 October 1981 Higher Education/Individual Institutions Consultant— lanice Litwin 724-1978 March 1, 1981 )une 1981 Pilot— lames /ones 724-0393 April 1, 1981 October 1981 Implementation— Lyn Maxwell White 724-0393 June 1, 1981 January 1982 Higher Education/Regional-National— Blanche Premo 724-0311 January 2, 1981 July 1981

DIVISION OF PUBLIC PROGRAMS— Martin Sullivan, Director 724-0231 Humanities projects in: Libraries— Thomas Phelps 724-0760 January 15, 1981 July 1, 1981 Media— Stephen Rabin 724-0318 January 8, 1981 July 1, 1981 Museums and Historical Organizations— Cheryl M cClenney 724-0327 January 15, 1981 July 1, 1981

DIVISION OF STATE PROGRAMS— B J. Stiles, Director 724-0286 Each state group establishes its own grant guidelines and application deadlines; therefore, interested applicants should contact the office in their state. A list of those state programs may be obtained from the Division of State Programs.

DIVISION OF FELLOWSHIPS AND SEMINARS— lames Blessing, Director 724-0238 FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS— Maben Herring, 724-0333 Fellowships for Independent Study and Research— David Coder 724-0333 June 1, 1981 January 1, 1982 Fellowships for College Teachers— Karen Fuglie 724-0333 June 1, 1981 January 1, 1982 Summer Stipends for 1982— Mollie Davis 724-0333 October 13, 1981 Summer 1982 SEMINAR PROGRAMS Summer Seminars for College Teachers— Dorothy Wartenberg 724-0376 Participants April 1, 1981 Summer 1981 Directors July 1, 1981 Summer 1982 Residential Fellowships for College Teachers— Morton Sosna 724-0376 November 9, 1981 Fall 1982 Fellowships for the Professions— lulian F. M acDonald 724-0376 Fellowships for Journalists March 2, 1981 Fall 1981 Seminars for the Professions April 13, 1981 Summer 1981 Seminars for Law and Medical Teachers March 2, 1981 Summer 1981 Centers for Advanced Study— Morton Sosna 724-0376 February 1, 1981 Fall 1982

DIVISION OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS— Harold Cannon, Director 724-0226 General Research Program— lohn Williams 724-0276 Basic Research April 1, 1981 December 1, 1981 State, Local, and Regional Studies March 1, 1981 September 1, 1981 Archaeological Projects— Katherine Abramovitz 724-0276 October 15, 1981 April 1, 1982 Research Conferences— David Wise 724-0276 February 15, 1981 June 1, 1981 Research Materials Programs— George Farr 724-1672 Editions October 1, 1981 June 1, 1982 Research Tools and Reference Works October 1, 1981 June 1, 1982 Publications— Richard Koffler 724-1672 May 15, 1981 September 1, 1981 Translations— Susan Mango 724-1672 July 1, 1981 March 1, 1982 Research Resources— Margaret C h ild 724-0341 June 1, 1981 March 1, 1982

DIVISION OF SPECIAL PROGRAMS— Carole Huxley, Director 724-0261 Challenge Grants— Steve C o o d ell 724-0267 Applicant's Notice of Intent March 15, 1981 Formal Application May 1, 1981 Fall 1981 Program Development/Special Projects— Lynn Smith 724-0398 January 15, 1981 June 1981 Youth Programs— Marion C. Blakey 724-0396 Youthgrants Applicant's Preliminary Narrative October 15, 1981 May 1, 1982 Formal Application November 15, 1981 May 1, 1982 NEH Youth Projects Major Project Grants—Applicant's Preliminary Proposal Deadlines being determined Formal Application Deadlines being determined Planning and Pilot Grants April 15, 1981 O ctober 1, 1981

OFFICE OF PLANNING AND POLICY ASSESSMENT— Armen Tashdinian, Director 724-0344 Evaluation and Assessment Studies— Stanley Turesky 724-0369 February 1, 1981 August 1, 1981

13 STATE OF THE STATES: Jurisprudence

"Good laws lead to the making of better will, I think, be part and parcel of legal educa­ amendment rights of extremist groups; jour­ ones; bad ones bring about worse. As soon as tion. Now those techniques are the stuff of nalists' rights to keep their sources secret; and any man says of the affairs of the state, 'What jurisprudence courses around the country." affirmative action in hiring and education. does it matter to me?' the State may be given up As the content of legal education is evolv­ for lost."—Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social ing, public understanding of the law is being Rights of Minorities Contract. broadened, through examinations of the perva­ The rights of special segments of the popu­ "Where laws end, tyranny begins."—Wil­ sive role of the law throughout history and the lation have been the subject of much recent liam Pitt, Earl of Chatham, Case of Wilkes. philosophical and ethical dimensions of legal legislation and attention by the society, presen­ "The first thing we do, let's kill all the institutions and practices. ting difficult questions about the balancing of lawyers."—William Shakespeare, King Henry Basic civil rights and civil liberties under the those rights against the cost to society of pro­ VI, Part II. United States Constitution have been the focus viding them. Those issues were examined in a The law, legal institutions, and persons as­ of many programs funded by the state conference on "A New Challenge to the Educa­ sociated with those institutions have long in­ humanities councils, citizens' groups supported tional Dream—the Handicapped," funded by spired both awe and anger. Today, complaints by NEH in all fifty states, Puerto Rico and the the California Council and sponsored by the So­ about the legal system are rampant. Newspaper District of Columbia. ciety for the Advancement of American Philos­ columnists and politicians proclaim that laws ophy. Philosophers and officials in education and regulations are strangling American free­ Civil Liberties and government considered the dilemmas dom and enterprise. The legal system is choked "Liberty in the Balance: Constitutional Is­ posed by Public Law 94-142, which required with backlogs and disappointments. sues in a Complex Society," was supported by public education for all disabled individuals, but The sometimes mysterious workings of the the Maine Council for the Humanities and Pub­ provides no funding for implementation. law and its role in American culture have been lic Policy, and sponsored by the Maine Civil The problem of determining legal compe­ the subject of much-needed scrutiny in public Liberties Union, the Portland Chapter of the tency in the elderly was the topic of a project programs by state humanities councils, bringing NAACP, and Faiths in Action Together. Ramsey funded by the Humanities Council, together scholars, professionals from the legal Clark, former U.S. Attorney General, spoke on sponsored by the Danbury Hospital, which community, and diverse members of the public. "The Bill of Rights in Perspective: An Over­ brought health care professionals together with Congress included "jurisprudence" in the view." Capital punishment was discussed in a scholars in philosophy and jurisprudence. Proj­ definition of the "humanities," suggesting that public forum with several lawyers and college ect director Ian R. Lawson, a medical doctor and the Endowment address such things as "com­ faculty members, as was "Discrimination in Re­ Vice President for Medical Affairs at Danbury parative law, Roman law, legal history, and verse? Affirmative Action in Employment." To Hospital, noted that the scholars "discussed legal philosophy." Professional training in the consider "Miranda, the Courts, the Cop on the John Stuart Mill's concept of personal au­ practice of law is not funded by the Endowment Beat, Suspects' Rights," the film The Wrong Man tonomy, the philosophical and legal dimensions or state humanities councils; grants are made was shown in which Henry Fonda plays a of personal freedom, legal as well as for the study of American law, in many ways character falsely accused of robbery, and a pub­ philosophical problems of failing mentation, inseparable from historical and philosophical lic forum was led by a law professor, the Port­ and the problems of entering into the personal studies because of the common law's use of pre­ land chief of police, and a local attorney. experiences of illness and disability from the cedents evolved throughout history and the Civil liberties were also the focus of a radio professional standpoint of good health and analytic reasoning of generations of judges. series on KPFA-Pacifica Radio, funded by the youth." Richard Parker, a law professor at Rutgers California Council for the Humanities. Scholars University in Newark, observes that legal edu­ in history, philosophy, English literature, juris­ Criminal Justice cation has been dominated by the explanations prudence, and other fields discussed with prac­ The criminal justice system is one of the of sociology and psychology, but is now in­ ticing lawyers, community activists, lobbyists, most pervasive and controversial dimensions of creasingly influenced by philosophy and ethics. and physicians such topics as conservatorship the legal system. A statewide series of commu­ "The jurisprudence of one generation of laws, deprogramming and religious freedom; nity discussions on "Crime and Justice in Our lawyers is often the accepted practice of the next political reform legislation and the initiative Society" has been funded by the Vermont generation," he notes. "In twenty years, the process; the legal status of mental patients and Council on the Humanities and Public Issues. techniques of ethical criticism of legal decisions their right to informed consent; the first Criminal justice personnel have joined with pro­ 14 fessors in jurisprudence, philosophy, political same for young females as it is for young males. Law School has spoken on "The Farmer in the philosophy, history, and literature to discuss A thorough understanding of the position of Middle," raising the constitutional issue of the theory and philosophy of public policies re­ young women in the justice system must rest on taking of private property in violation of due garding offenders and victims, and other ques­ an understanding of the legal, social, historical, process guarantees when Vermont restricts the tions facing Vermont as it enters an era of and economic status of all women in society, conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses. "community-based corrections." because the unequal treatment of girls is not Old legal issues receiving fresh attention The Association of the Bar of the City of unique to the justice system." include the constitutions of the Indian reserva­ New York and the City University of New York tions adopted in the late 1930s following the In­ held a conference on "The Summer of 1977: So­ Ethical Issues dian Reorganization Act, the subject of a con­ cial Disorder and the Law," funded by the New Some of the most difficult legal questions ference funded by the Montana Committee for York Council on the Humanities, to discuss today for all citizens involve ancient and basic the Humanities. Project director Richard Mon- events surrounding the 1977 black-out in New ethical questions. The legal definition of death teau, from the Northern Cheyenne Research York City. Philosopher Marshall Cohen led a is being challenged as science advances life- Project, explained that "The key issues of the discussion of the breakdown, restoration, and sustaining technologies, but the issue cannot be conference related to the meaning of authentic maintenance of social order, and the costs and resolved without addressing the age-old con­ Indian self-government: How useful today are implications of disorder from historical, troversy over the concept of a "person." The traditional Indian forms of governance? Is the philosophical, and other perspectives. difficult question of abortion also rests ulti­ concept of tribal self-government in direct con­ The role of the police in the criminal justice mately on the philosophical issue of when a flict with democratic representation of all in­ system has also been the subject of several proj­ "person" comes into existence. The claims of volved interests? What federal and staie policies ects. The Maine Council supported two films on persons to euthanasia and dignified death raise affect natural resource development on or adja­ "Police and the Public." "Sgt. Tom Keller" por­ questions of the right of a person to make deci­ cent to reservations? Who has the right to par­ trays the working day of a young police officer sions about continued existence. ticipate in decisions affecting tribal resources? in Portland and presents his views of the public These issues have been considered in many Tribal constitutions are at the very heart of he serves. "Proper Authorities" documents the projects, such as "Health Care and Human Val­ these issues and their resolution." The Commit­ public's view of police as authorities, symbols, ues," funded by the California Council and tee also funded the publication of the confer­ and human beings. The films, shown over sponsored by the departments of Philosophy ence proceedings, including the constitutions of commercial television in Maine, were developed and of Nursing at California State University at seven Montana Indian reservations. in conversation with professors in jurispru­ Chico. Doctors, health care personnel, elected Age-old questions of law and ethics, in­ dence, history, philosophy, and literature. officials, philosophers, and scholars in juris­ stitutions and individuals, have provided rich A historical look at the first sheriff in Clay prudence discussed such life-and-death issues, territory for public programs by the state County, Moorhead, North Dakota, "Jim Blan­ then before by the California legislature. humanities councils. Jeffrie Guy Murphy, a chard, Pioneer Lawman," was funded by the Newer ethical questions about environmen­ philosopher of law at the University of Arizona North Dakota Committee for the Humanities tal regulation and the rights of citizens to a safe and frequent participant in programs funded by and Public Issues. A college professor, Doug and healthy environment, balanced against the the Arizona Humanities Council, insists that Hamilton, traveled to a campsite of over one economic costs of both environmental regula­ . . . the humanist scholar at least sometimes hundred Fort Seward Trail riders to enact his­ tion and pollution, have recently arisen. can bring to bear a valuable perspective on toric episodes from the life of the early sheriff. In a project conducted by the Vermont Law public policy issues like crime control and Hamilton says the program provided the audience School, "Does Vermont Have a Constitutional environmental protection. Ignorance and with "some feeling about the justice of their Right to a Decent Environment," law students arrogance are two qualities frequently and forefathers and the justice we apply today." and legal philosophers conducted a mock trial obnoxiously conjoined in people who have to ask whether there is such a thing as a right to great political power over our lives. If, in a public setting, we can use our skills to ex­ Prison Reform a decent environment and whether there are pose this, then perhaps we will make our The latest reforms of the criminal system natural environmental rights. The mock trial, audience more thoughtful, more sensitive have also been considered. A conference on "The Case of the Mangled Mountain," was vid­ to the complexity of social issues, more able "The Prison/Industry Relationship" in Califor­ eotaped, also with the help of a grant from the to apply skills of critical thinking and to nia brought together lawyers, former prisoners, Vermont Council. In other projects on environ­ draw relevant distinctions, and thus less in­ prison officials, representatives of the State De­ mental issues, Peter Teachout, from the Ver­ clined to jump thoughtlessly on the band­ partment of Corrections, philosophers, histo­ mont Law School, has been featured in the wagon of the first plausible demogogue rians, and industry officials to explore Speakers Bureau of the Vermont Council, talk­ who comes along with some easy answers. industry-prison partnerships, in which prison­ ing about "Trees and the Law." Richard Brooks —Julie Van Camp ers work in the private sector while incarcer­ from the Environmental Law Center at Vermont Ms. Van Camp is an Endowment staff member. ated. In an unusual program last year in Los Angeles, 150 new grand jurors spent several days together in a seminar before beginning their one-year service as grand jurors. Joining with elected officials, lawyers, law professors, political theorists, and historians, the group ad­ dressed the historical, ethical, and procedural workings of the grand jury system and its im­ pact on society. The grand jurors, ranging in age from nineteen to eighty-three, came from diverse ethnic and occupational backgrounds. One participant, a former grand jury foreman, said, "I came away with a fuller appreciation of the whole Grand Jury concept, with a sense of satisfaction for what our Grand Jury may have achieved, and with a sense of humility as I realized how much more we might have achieved had we all had the benefit of such a conference." "Teenage Women in the Juvenile Justice System: Changing Values" was the topic of a conference in Arizona, supported by a grant from the Arizona Humanities Council, focusing on the broad questions of the historical treat­ ment of women in society and in the justice sys­ tem. As noted by project co-director Ruth Crow, "'Equal justice under the law' is not the Suffolk County Courthouse (work in progress 1889) Pemberton Square, Boston, Massachussetts. 15 Challenge Grant

Insuring a sound financial base for humanities institutions in this country is as important as building a solid foundation for a valuable home. Over the past four years the NEH has been providing the mortar to help repair, restore, and construct a more stable financial foundation for 457 organizations with programs in the humani­ ties. But it is not the role of the Endowment to be the principal source of aid, and so it has challenged the private sector and state and local agencies to lend a hand—three hands to be more exact. In 1976 the NEH Challenge Grant Program was created to help stimulate new or increased donations of non-Federal dollars for humanities institutions. Under the Program grantees have received some $80.5 million from the Endow­ ment to be matched with over $240 million from outside sources to support their humanities op­ erations. Specifically, Challenge Grants help non­ profit organizations with programs in the humanities (1) create or add to endowments; (2) strengthen fund-raising activities; (3) meet in­ creasing operating costs; (4) undertake capital improvements as well as conservation and pres­ ervation efforts; (5) purchase equipment and materials; and (6) support professional staff. In short Challenge Grants foster a public-private partnership that encourages humanities institu­ tions to develop long-term financial plans, strengthen their fund-raising capacities, and more efficiently conduct their programs and Matching gifts by category of services in the humanities. The idea of providing grants for institu­ donor, FY 1977, 1978, 1979 tional operating expenses on a challenge basis combined. Total: $192,118,138 actually predates the Challenge Grant Program. Beginning in 1972, the New York Public Library received a series of NEH grants (with a two-to- one matching requirement) for generating funds to help cover the Library's operating budget. Since then, in the four years of the official Challenge Grant Program, NEH grantees have included colleges and universities; research and public libraries; centers for advanced study; university presses; museums and historical or­ ganizations; media broadcast production centers and stations; research institutes; "living his­ tory" villages; and local and national cultural organizations in forty-eight states and the Dis­ trict of Columbia. The Society for Values in Higher Education in New Haven is a typical Challenge Grants re­ cipient. Dating back to 1923, the Society is a network of some twenty-one hundred college faculty, administrators, graduate students, lawyers, physicians, journalists, and other pro­ fessionals supporting programs that clarify and strengthen ethical values in professional life and higher education. Around 1971 the continued existence of this

Illustration; Rebecca Kingery 16 A Public-Private Partnership

unique society was endangered by the termina­ The roof has been repaired, work is continuing Even more significantly, the Challenge tion of annual subventions for operating ex­ on the skylights, and the new security and fire Grant program has secured increasing corporate penses from two private foundations and the detection system is virtually complete. giving over the three years—$2.9 million in reluctance of other foundations to make grants Like the Morgan Library and the Society for 1977, $7.2 million in 1978, and $8.5 million in for basic operating costs. The Society im­ Values in Higher Education, nearly all 457 1979. Proportionate increases have occurred in mediately initiated annual dues, but this could grantees have indicated that Challenge Grants are individual and foundation support and in mem­ not begin to meet the cost of its programs. helping them to maintain or achieve stability—fi­ berships. The program has also stimulated over In 1977, the Society applied to NEH for a nancial, administrative, and physical— that de­ $7.8 million in specially appropriated new funds Challenge Grant of $200,000 to be matched with clining incomes, devalued endowments, and ris­ or increases for the humanities from city, $600,000 from other sources. It planned to use ing costs would have seriously eroded. county, and state governments. the NEH portion to cover operating deficits for In addition to financial benefits, Challenge Consider the example of Colgate University the three-year grant period and to invest the Grants have less tangible results. The final which applied for a Challenge Grant in 1978 at a matching funds to provide an annual income for grant report to the NEH from Trinity College in time when it was projecting large operating operating expenses in subsequent years. Washington, D.C., states, "We believe that the budget deficits for the next five years. In Oc­ The Society was awarded the Challenge whole life of the college has been affected by the tober of that year, Colgate was awarded Grant and through a variety of fund-raising ac­ confidence and enthusiasm which the Chal­ $700,000 (conditional upon a $2.1 million match) tivities has raised nearly $500,000 in matching lenge Grant engendered ..." to endow four existing humanities chairs, one gifts from individuals, foundations, and corpo­ Also important to many grantees is the new chair, and seven humanities departments rations and is confident of meeting or exceeding latitude which the Challenge Grant program and to renovate the library. the $600,000 necessary to receive its full NEH provides. This was pointed out by the project As of October, 1980, nine months before the award by the end of the grant period. director for the Hastings Center, Hastings-on- end of the grant period, Colgate had raised over Another exemplary Challenge Grant recip­ Hudson, New York: $2.2 million in matching funds, more than qual­ ient is the Pierpont Morgan Library in New One of the key necessities in our work is ifying for the full NEH award. By June, 1981, York. Just one year younger than the Society for the generation of general funds with which the figure is expected to be much higher. Values in Higher Education, the Library holds we can explore new territory in bioethics; it In the first year of the grant alone, Colgate invaluable resources for the study of American, is this critical exploration that is often so saw new and increased gifts totalling close to European, and Near Eastern civilizations. difficult to fund, simply because it is "new " $800,000 in direct response to the Challenge The Library also came to the Endowment in with still vague meaning and relevance for Grant. During that year, average alumni gifts 1977 for a Challenge Grant but with problems a potential funders. The Challenge Grant has increased from $88.96 to $107.28 and parent bit more concrete than those of the Society. In greatly assisted our ability to remain at the gifts from $70.88 to $108.06 over the previous forefront of researching ethical issues . . . 1975 a heavy summer rain made it alarmingly year. More than half of the individual donors to apparent that the roof and skylights of the Indications are clear that humanities institu­ the University responded to the challenge by original Morgan Library building of 1906 were tions are benefitting from the Challenge Grant making a new or increased gift. in urgent need of major renovation. The roof program. Equally important to note is that The experience at Colgate indicates the val­ covered two rooms containing some of the most Challenge Grants have successfully encouraged uable fund-raising stimulus that Challenge precious manuscripts and books in the Library's non-Federal donations for the humanities at a Grants provide. Some further examples of collection. The building itself, one of the first in time when such funds are becoming scarce. Challenge Grant recipients will help illustrate New York to be designated a national landmark, For the 1977, 1978, and 1979 fiscal years the range of institutions and efforts which are was also threatened. (figures for 1980 are not in yet) the aggregate currently benefitting from that stimulus: The grant proposal outlined additional ratio of NEH funds to matching funds has ac­ priorities for use of the Challenge Grant and tually exceeded the required three-to-one match. matching funds, including a modern electronic On the average, each Federal dollar has been security and fire detection system to protect the matched by $3.57. Furthermore, the instances in Library's holdings. It has been estimated that which institutions have fallen short of raising the content of the original building, per square three times the Challenge Grant offer have been foot, is probably the most valuable in America. few (less than 2 percent) and the shortfall small. (A scene in the popular novel , in which the interior of the Library is hung with dyna­ mite, only reinforced concern over security.) The Library's grant period ended June 30, 1980, at which time it reported new and in­ creased gifts totalling $700,582—$5,000 more than was needed to match the NEH challenge.

RESPONSE TO THE FEDERAL CHALLENGE

BY INSTITUTIONAL CATEGORY-

FISCAL YEARS 1977, 1978, & 1979 COM BINED

( 7980 figures are not yet com plete.)

17 The American Judicature Society in Chicago vide additional support for construction of an an operating deficit generated by humanities will receive $150,000 from NEH if it raises annex. In the first year of a three-year grant, the programs, partial salaries and an endowment $450,000 from other sources. Founded in 1913, Library raised $315,000 from a capital campaign for humanities faculty positions, library acquisi­ the Society promotes programs to increase citi­ and new contributions from community mem­ tions in the humanities, and salaries for de­ zen awareness of and participation in the ad­ bers, exceeding the amount required for full velopment office staff. The College has raised ministration of justice. The Challenge Grant will NEH funding. some $740,000 with eight months remaining to help the Society develop its fund-raising capac­ The Center for the Humanities at Cornell qualify for NEH funds. ity and expand its non-lawyer membership for University, Ithaca, New York, was offered up to The Oregon Historical Society in Portland activities relating the humanities, particularly $252,000 to sustain administration of the Center was offered $500,000 which has generated con­ ethics, to the legal system. With two years re­ and reorient its programs and procedures. Each tributions of over $800,000 during the first year maining in the grant period, the Society has year the Center supports fellowships, research and a half of the grant period. The funds will be raised close to $400,000. projects, seminars, lectures and colloquia as­ used to establish an endowment for continuing The University of North Carolina Press in sessing the role of the humanities in national operations at current levels, while meeting in­ Chapel Hill, the oldest university press in the cultural and academic curricula and their re­ creased service demands resulting from a newly South, was offered $100,000 for a $300,000 lationship to other disciplines and current social expanded facility. Founded in 1873,, the Society match. The Press will use the funds to establish issues. In the first two years of the grant, the functions as library, archives, historical society, a restricted endowment for the publications of Center has raised over $325,000. and sponsor of exhibits, public education pro­ books in the humanities, including subject areas WHYY, Inc., a public television station grams and publications. that might otherwise be underrepresented. reaching an audience of nearly eleven million in All these institutions, along with hundreds Some $120,000 has been raised so far from and in Wilmington, Delaware, will of others throughout the country, are meeting non-Federal sources. be awarded up to $165,000 to enhance and ex­ the challenge and improving their economic The Albany County Public Library in Lara­ pand production of programs using area well-being. mie, Wyoming, was also offered up to $100,000. humanities resources and to stimulate coordi­ While the Endowment cannot be the sole or The Library, with two-thirds of its collection in nated efforts with other local humanities or­ even primary source of support for the humani­ the humanities, is heavily used by the county's ganizations. So far, over $42,000 has been do­ ties, through programs such as Challenge 28,000 residents and 8,000 university students nated by non-Federal sources. Grants, it can play an important role in assuring and has strong community support, as evi­ Tougaloo College in Mississippi, a pre­ that our cultural heritage does not fall victim to denced by passage of a $1,025 million bond dominantly black four-year liberal arts institu­ financial neglect. —John Lippincott issue for construction of a new building. The tion, was offered up to $300,000. The NEH grant Challenge Grant and matching funds will pro­ and matching funds are supporting reduction of Mr. Lippincott is an Endowment staff member.

A sturdy, spring-driven Victrola from Union Mills Homestead. Countee Cullen, right, American poet and novelist, played a prominent part in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. His papers are among the treasures of the Amistad Research Center in .

MEETING THE CHALLENGE Photograph: Amistad Research Center

Ed. Note: Many well-known cultural institutions They were inveterate collectors. As one de­ obscure—slaves and early freedmen, minutes of have received NEH Challenge Grants. Many, how­ scendant of the family put it, "No one seems church meetings recording heated discussions ever, are smaller institutions, like Union Mills ever to have thrown anything away." They of abolition, diaries of teachers and pastors. Foundation and Amistad Research Center, whose ef­ were also careful record keepers. When the The core collection at Amistad is the ar­ forts to serve and reach out to their own communities house became a museum in 1964, not only its chives of the American Missionary Association, are described below. contents—clothing, musical instruments, toys, an evangelical missionary society which, prior kitchen utensils—but also diaries, journals, to the Civil War, established antislavery In early 1797 two brothers, Andrew and David memorandum books, ledgers, and newspaper churches in the North, West and border states Shriver, built a small double house on the banks clippings told visitors of life at Union Mills from and, during and after the Civil War, pursued of Pipe Creek along what was then the western its beginning until World War II. educational work among the freedmen. As frontier of Maryland. They also built a brick James Shriver, seven generations down Johnson describes it, its teachers literally "fol­ grist mill and saw and, in time, a tannery. The from Andrew and David and the current direc­ lowed on the heels of the Union Army into the settlement, named Union Mills in honor of the tor of the Union Mills Foundation, has never South," establishing schools, among them united effort of the two brothers, grew and met Clinton Johnson but chances are he would Hampton Institute, Berea College, Dillard, Tal­ prospered into the late nineteenth century. understand Johnson's problems. ladega, and Tougaloo. Six generations of Shrivers lived at Union Johnson is director of the Amistad Research Clinton Johnson at Amistad was concerned Mills, a rambling twenty-three-room structure. Center in New Orleans, the caretaker of over about preserving his portion of the past, eight They hosted Washington Irving and James Au­ eight million documents, some dating from the million documents, some rotting from exposure dubon, and fed the Confederate troops on their early nineteenth century, dealing with the his­ to moisture, some inaccessible in shipping way to Gettysburg. The house served as post of­ tory of America's ethnic minorities, race rela­ crates because of inadequate shelving space, fice, wayside inn, schoolhouse, drygoods store, tions and civil rights. Included in the collection some eaten away by the ink used to write on and political headquarters at various times, re­ are the writings of the famous—Frederick them. James Shriver at Union Mills was worried sponding to the surrounding community's Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, A. Philip Randolph, about his ancestors' house and its contents, needs. Ralph Bunche, Whitney Young—and of the peeling paint and cracking plaster, fading fabric 18 rectors of the American Missionary Association, enough to meet the matching requirement. The ON THE OCCASION OF AMA must contribute to the support of six col­ leges as well as to the Amistad Center, and THE ENDOWMENT'S Johnson says it was crucial to be able to say to FIFTEENTH ANNIVERSARY them, "The National Endowment has confi­ dence in our creation and has invested in this." I assume that the honor of representing the The Amistad money was originally targeted humanities on this occasion has been granted for the establishment of a conservation labora­ me on grounds of seniority. If I am not the tory, but in between the writing of the proposal oldest beneficiary of the National Endow­ and the awarding of the grant, Amistad was of­ ment for the Humanities, I am certainly one fered new quarters in the old U.S. Mint in New of the oldest. Orleans. Johnson petitioned NEH to use the . . . Some years ago a distinguished his­ funds to facilitate the move. torian (Carl Becker) predicted that if anyone Amistad is now housed in its new quarters should be so foolhardy as to attempt a com­ where there is good temperature and humidity prehensive biography of Thomas Jefferson, control. A halogen gas system has been in­ he would enter the labyrinth and never stalled; in case of fire, the system removes the emerge. 1 was in the middle of that labyrinth oxygen from the air and extinguishes the fire when I approached the Endowment, and without subjecting Amistad's documents to with their help I have been slowly making my devastating water damage. way through it ever since. I am not out yet, Just as important, there is adequate shelv­ but, God willing, shall be soon. ing, ten times that in the Old Center, and space I have often wondered why the Endow­ for a staff of twelve and eighteen visiting re­ ment has put up with me so long. The best searchers (three were too many in the old Cen­ explanation that I can think of is that Mr. Jef­ ter). ferson is an all-but-perfect symbol of what For both Amistad and Union Mills, the the National Endowment for the Humanities Famous signatures from the Amistad collection: benefits of the grant have outstripped the dollar is all about. If not the complete humanist, he William Lloyd Garrison, abolitionist leader; James A. Garfield, President of the United States; Freder­ value of the funds taken in. Clinton Johnson is was very nearly that. This was not merely be­ ick Douglass and Henry Highland Garnet, fugitive convinced that the move to the new quarters cause he read Greek and Latin until the end slaves who became abolitionist leaders; Lewis Tap- will improve fund-raising capabilities for Amis­ of his life and found architectural models and pan, philanthropist and abolitionist, who founded tad. During a two-day open house prior to the inspiration in classical antiquity. It was be­ Oberlin College. recent move, almost thirteen thousand people cause he applied to all institutions and ac­ and crumbling brick. toured the site. And the Friends of Amistad, a tivities the test of human value. Man was not Both turned to the National Endowment for New York-based support group for the Center, made for government, but government for the Humanities and were offered funds under doubled its membership during the grant man. So was business and everything else. the Challenge Grant Program with the stipula­ period. All public institutions are expected to serve tion that the recipients raise three private dol­ Union Mills has, both in its own eyes and in people in some way, but it would be hard to lars for one Federal dollar they receive. the eyes of its community, turned the corner find any other which is as concerned with the Union Mills was offered $18,000 from NEH from struggling to flourishing. Attendance is problem of human values as is the National in April, 1977. At the end of the grant period in up, programs are being expanded, and this year Endowment for the Humanities. June 1979, the Foundation reported a total of the Plant Sale, Corn Roast and Green Sale will Jefferson applied the test of human value $54,133 raised to meet the matching require­ be joined by an Easter Lily Sale. to learning, or as he was more likely to say, ment. Union Mills had begun its fund-raising On a glorious October Sunday, Union Mills knowledge. He spoke again and again of effort by mailing solicitations of help to ap­ hosted a wine-tasting sponsored by a useful knowledge. This lover of gadgets and proximately two thousand friends. In addition, neighboring vineyard—Shriver recalls that inventor in his own right was eager to im­ local businesses were approached as well as the "Cousin Bessie used to make her own wine at prove mechanical processes and mundane Carroll County government, a partner with the Union Mills." But Shriver emphasized that the operations. But he did not equate human and Foundation in maintaining the site. Additional event was not a fund raiser so much as "an op­ monetary values. They overlap but are by no income was raised from annual events such as a portunity to get together on the weekend and means identical. To his mind anything was Plant and Flower Sale in May, a Corn Roast have a good time," a strong tradition at Union useful and valuable that enlarges and en­ held in conjunction with the local Lions Club in Mills and one as important to preserve as the riches experience, that broadens horizons, August, and a Green Sale at Christmas time. bricks in her grist mill and paint on her walls. that increases well-being in any way. Once, Some of the benefits of the matching grant — Louisa Hart when dismayed by the reluctance of the money are unseen by the public. Two Ms. Hart is a Washington writer. legislators of Virginia to provide for the Uni­ mortgages were liquidated, freeing up over versity he was trying to establish, he told his $4,000 annually for purposes other than pay­ sympathetic friend, George Ticknor, that ment of back debt. A furnace that, according to they did not recognize the importance of Shriver, "wasn't any good at all and was cost­ knowledge. "Knowledge is power, knowl­ ing us two arms and two legs for fuel," was re­ edge is security, knowledge is happiness," he placed. A consultant has been hired to super­ said. He believed that the world would be vise over-all climate control to reduce deteriora­ saved by knowledge. tion of the contents of the home. It has not been saved as yet and some­ But there are other, more visible changes at thing else is obviously needed— good will, Union Mills. The old brick grist mill has been for instance. But the world will certainly not restored, although the bricks near the mill door be saved by ignorance, prejudice, and super­ still bear a bullet scar where a soldier was shot a stition. Knowledge must be incessantly pur­ few days after the Battle of Gettysburg. The sued and promoted. Unfortunately it can be dining room has been repainted to its original used for sinister purposes; therefore, it must colors, on the advice of conservation teams, and be humanized. the front parlor will receive the same treatment Knowledge must be pursued, promoted, this spring. and humanized. How is that for a description The Amistad Research Center was offered of the functions of the National Endowment $80,000. They first sought help from people for the Humanities? —Dumas Malone familiar with the center, graduate students, pro­ Mr. Malone is the Pulitzer Prize-winning biog­ fessors who had come to New Orleans to use its rapher of Thomas Jefferson. These remarks were facilities. A second mailing went to people who made during the Endowment's fifteenth- had not directly used the center but knew of its A sailor and clowns from a Humpty-Dumpty circus, anniversary celebration at the White House. work. A large grant came from the Board of Di­ dating before 1900, are shown at Union Mills. 19 Lovett, Clara Maria. Giuseppe Ferrari and the NATIONAL BOOK Italian Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. AWARD DUSTJACKETS Seltzer, Robert M. Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Experience in History. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980. 1979 (History) Sherwin, Byron L. and Ament, Susan G., Davis, Richard Beale. Intellectual Life in NEH BOOK LIST eds. Encountering the Holocaust: An Interdis­ the Colonial South, 1586-1763. 3 vols. ciplinary Survey. Chicato: Impact Press, Knoxville: University of Tennessee "I cannot live without books," wrote Thomas Jefferson. Neither can scholarship. If 1979. Press, 1978. we had published a list of the hundreds of books resulting from NEH support to Taylor, William B. Drinking, Homicide and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages. Stan­ scholars over the last fifteen years there would have been room for nothing else in 1976 (Arts and Letters) ford: Stanford University Press, 1979. Fussell, Paul. The Great War and Mod­ this issue of Humanities. What follows, then, is a list of books published in 1979 Tomasson, Richard F-. Iceland: The First New ern Memory. New York: Oxford Univer­ and 1980, the fruits of many years of research. Heading the list are the five Pulitzer Society. Minneapolis: University of Min­ sity Press, 1975. Prize winners and two National Book Award winners whose work has appeared over nesota Press, 1980. Trachtenberg, Marc. Reparation in World time. Politics: France and European Economic Diplo­ macy, 1916-1923. New York: Columbia Uni­ versity Press, 1980. Meikle, Jeffrey L. Twentieth Century Lim­ Webb, Stephen. The Governors-General: The ited: Industrial Design in America, 1925-1939. English Army and the Definition of the Empire, American Civilization Series. Philadelphia: 1569-1681. Chapel Hill: University of North Temple University Press, 1979. Carolina Press, 1979. 1979 (History) Neuman, Daniel M. The Life of Music in Williams, John H. The Rise and Fall of the Fehrenbacher, Don Edward. The Dred North India: The Organization of an Artistic Paraguayan Republic, 1800-1870. Austin: In­ Scott Case: Its Significance in American Tradition. Detroit: Wayne State University stitute of Latin American Studies, Univer­ Law and Politics. New York: Oxford Press, 1980. sity of Texas, 1979. University Press, 1978. Quimby, Ian M. G. and Swank, Scott T., eds. Perspectives on American Folk Art. New 1976 (Biography) York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1980. Lewis, R. W. B. Edith Wharton: A Biog­ Sherman, Jane. The Drama of Denishawn raphy. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. Dance. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan Uni­ versity Press, 1979. 1975 (History) Temperley, Nicholas. The Music of the Eng­ Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and His lish Parish Church. 2 vols. London: Cam­ Tim es, vols. 1-5. Vol. 5: Jefferson the bridge University Press, 1979. President: Second Term, 1805-1809. Bos­ Weitzmann, Kurt, ed. Age of Spirituality: ton: Little, Brown & Co., 1974. Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century. Princeton: Princeton Uni­ 1974 (Biography) versity Press, 1979. Sheaffer, Louis. O'Neill, Son and Playwright. Boston: Little, Brown & C o., 1968. 1973 (History) Kammen, Michael. People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972. Blecher, Marc J. and White, Gordon. Mi­ cropolitics in Contemporary China: A Technical Unit During and After the Cultural Revolution. White Plains: M. E. Sharpe, 1979. Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe From the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: Univer­ Adicks, Richard and Neely, Donna M. sity of Chicago Press, 1980. Oviedo: Biography of a Town. Orland: Execu­ Chang, Kwang-Chih. Shang Civilization. tive Press, 1979. New Haven: Press, 1980. Baird, Nancy D. Luke Pryor Blackburn, Crahan, Margaret E. and Knight, Franklin Physician, Governor, Reformer. K entucky W. Africa and the Caribbean: The Legacies of a Bicentennial Bookshelf. Lexington: Univer­ Link. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University sity Press of Kentucky, 1979. Press, 1979. Berkin, Carol R. and Lovett, Clara M., eds. Daws, Gavan. A Dream of Islands. New Women, War, and Revolution. New York: York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1980. Holmes & Meier Pubs, 1980. Destler, I.M. The Textile Wrangle: Conflict in Blassingame, John W. and Henderson, Mae Japanese-American Relations, 1969-1971. G ., eds. Antislavery Newspapers and Periodi­ Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979. cals. vol. 2: Annotated Index of Letters in the Dower, John W. Empire and Aftermath: “Liberator," 1846-65. Boston: G. K. Hall, Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, Alpers, Paul. The Singer of the Eclogues: A 1980. 1878-1954. Cambridge: Study of Virgilian Pastoral. Berkeley: Univer­ Chafe, William H. Civilities and Civil Rights: Press, 1979. sity of California Press, 1979. Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Elphick, Richard and Giliomee, Hermann. Dinsmoor, William B. Jr. The Propylaia to Struggle for Freedom. New York: Oxford The Shaping of South African Society, 1652- the Athenian Akropolis. vol. 1: The Predeces­ University Press, 1980. 1820. Cape Town: Longman Penguin sors. Princeton: American School of Classi­ Committee for a New England Bibliog­ ARTS—HISTORY Southern Africa, 1979. cal Studies at Athens, 1980. raphy. New Hampshire: A Bibliography of Its Evenson, Norma. Paris: A Century of Jashemski, Wilhelmina. The Gardens of History. Edited by John D. Haskell, Jr. and & CRITICISM Change, 1878-1978. New Haven: Yale Uni­ Pompeii: Herculaneum and the Villas Destroyed T.D. Seymour Bassett. Bibliographies of versity Press, 1979. by Vesuvius. New Rochelle: Caratzas Bros., New England History, vol. 3. Boston: G.K. Fetter, Frank W. The Economist in Parlia­ Asher, Frederick M. The Art of Eastern 1979. Hall, 1979. ment: 1780-1868. Durham: Duke University Crowe-Carraco, Carol. The Big Sandy. K en­ India, 300-800. Minneapolis: University of Physiologus. Physiologus. Translated by Press, 1980. tucky Bicentennial Bookshelf. Lexington: Minnesota Press, 1980. Michael J. Curley. Austin: University of Findley, Carter V. Bureaucratic Reform in the University Press of Kentucky, 1979. Avery, Samuel Putnam. The Diaries, 1871- Texas Press, 1979. Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789- Cushing, Frank H. Zuni: Selected Writings 1882, of Samuel P. Avery, Art Dealer. Edited Putnam, Michael C. Virgil's Poem of the 1922. Princeton: Princeton Studies in the of Frank Hamilton Cushing. Edited by Jesse by Madeleine Fidell Beaufort, Herbert L. Earth: Studies in the Georgies. Princeton: Near East. Princeton University Press, 1980. Green. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, Kleinfield and Jeanne K. Welcher. New Princeton University Press, 1979. Frost, Frank J. Plutarch's Themistocles: A 1979. York: Arno Press, 1979. Historical Commentary. Princeton: Princeton Dallek, Robert. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Baker, Paul R. Richard Morris Hunt. Cam­ University Press, 1980. American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945. New bridge: M.I.T. Press, 1980. Gerhard, Peter. The Southeast Frontier in York: Oxford University Press, 1979. Black, Adrienne F. and Neuls-Bates, Carol, New Spain. Princeton: Princeton University Daniels, Bruce C. The Connecticut Town: eds. Women in American Music: A Biography Press, 1979. Groivth and Development, 1635 — 1790. of Music and Literature. Westport, Conn.: Keohane, Nannerl O. Philosophy and the Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Greenwood Press, 1979. State in France: The Renaissance to the En­ Press, 1979. Cable, Mary. Lost New Orleans. Boston: lightenment. Princeton: Princeton University Daniels, Douglas Henry. Pioneer Urbanites: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1980. Press, 1980. A Social and Cultural History of Black San Johannesen, Eric. Cleveland Architecture, Lang, James. Portuguese Brazil: The King's Francisco. Philadelphia: Temple University 1876-1976. Cleveland: Western Reserve His­ Plantation. Studies in Social Discontinuity. Press, 1980. torical Society, 1979. New York: Academic Press, 1979. Degler, Carl N. At Odds: Women and the Kuspit, Donald B. Clement Greenberg, Art Laqueur, Walter Ze'ev. A Continent Astray: Family in America, From the Revolution to the Critic. Madison: University of Wisconsin Europe, 1970-1978. New York: Oxford Uni­ P resen t. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. versity Press, 1979. Press, 1980. 20 Douglass, Frederick. The Frederick Doug­ Sutton, Joseph A. Magic Carpet: Aleppo- Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales: A lass Papers. Series One: Speeches, Debates, in-Flatbush, The Story of a Unique Ethnic Facsimile and Transcription of the Hengwrt and Interviews. Edited by John W. Blas- Jewish Community. New York: Thayer- Manuscript, with Variants From the Ellesmere singame. vol. 1: 1 8 4 1 -4 6 . New Haven: Jacoby, 1979. Manuscript. Edited by Paul G. Ruggiers. Yale University Press, 1979. Swan, Marshall W.S. Town on Sandy Bay: Norman: University of Oklahama Press, Dublin, Thomas.. Women at Work: The A History of Rockport, Massachusetts. Can- 1979. Transformation of Work and Community in nan, N.H.: Phoenix Pubs, 1980. Clemens, Samuel. The Works of Mark Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826-1860. New Tabrah, Ruth M. Hawaii: Bicentennial His­ Twain, vol. 6: The Prince and the Pauper, York: Columbia University Press. tory. States and the Nation Series. New edited by Victor Fischer and Lin Salamo Epstein, Helen. A Study in American York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1980. with the assistance of Mary Jane Jones, Pluralism Through Oral Histories of Holocaust Urlsperger, Samuel, com p. Detailed Re­ vol. 9: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Survivors. New York: William E. Weiner ports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled Court, edited by Bernard L. Stein with in­ Oral History Library of the American in America, 1738. vol. 5. Wormsloe founda­ troduction by Henry Nash Smith, vol. 15: Jewish Committee, 1979. tions Publications, no. 14. Athens: Univer­ Early Tales and Sketches, edited by Edgar M. Garrison, William L. Letters of William sity of Georgia, 1980. Branch and Robert H. Hirst, vol. 1. Center Lloyd Garrison. Edited by Walter M. Mer­ Washington, Booker T. The Booker T. for the Editions of American Authors. rill. vol. 5: Let the Oppressed Go Free, 1861- Washington Papers. Edited by Louis R. Devkota, Laxmi Prasad. Nepali Visions, -1867. Cambridge: Harvard University Harlan, vol. 8: 1 9 0 4 -6 . vol. 9: 1 9 0 6 -8 . Nepali Dreams: The Poetry of Laxiprasad Dev­ Press, Belknap Press, 1979. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979. kota. Translated by David Rubin. Modern Gwaltney, John Langston. Drylongso: A Washington, George. The Diaries of George Asian Literature Series. New York: Co­ Self Portrait of Black America. New York: Washington. Edited by Donald Jackson and lumbia University Press, 1980. Random House, 1980. Dorothy Twohig. vol. 5: July 1786-December Ellis, John. Heinrich von Kleist: Studies in Hamilton, Alexander. The Papers of Alex­ 1789. vol. 6: January 1790-1799. C h a r­ the Character and Meaning of His Writings. ander Hamilton. Edited by Harold C. Syrett. lottesville: University of Virginia Press, Studies in the Germanic Languages and vol. 26: May 1, 1802-0ctober 23, 1804. New 1979. Literature, no. 94. Chapel Hill: University York: Columbia University Press, 1979. Watman, W.S. A Guide to the Language of of North Carolina Press, 1979. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Neighborhoods. Washington, D.C.: National LANGUAGE Feder, Lillian. Madness in Literature. G roups. Edited by Stephan Thernstrom. Center for Urban Ethnic Affairs, 1980. & LINGUISTICS Princeton: Princeton University Press, Cambridge: Belknap Press, Harvard Uni­ Webb, Ross A. Kentucky in the Reconstruc­ 1980. versity Press, 1980. tion Era. Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Co-rrespondence of Henry, Joseph. The Papers of Joseph Henry. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, F. Scott Fitzgerald. Edited by Matthew J. vol. 3: January 1836-December 1837: The 1979. Guterbock, Hans G. and Hoffner, Harry Bruccoli and Margaret M. Duggan. New Princeton Years. Washington, D.C.: Smith­ A ., eds. The Hittite Dictionary of the Orien­ York: Random House, 1980. sonian Institution Press, 1979. tal Institute of the University of Chicago, vol. Gies, David T. Nicolas Fernandez. Twayne Higham, John and Conkin, Paul, eds. New 3, fasc. 1. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the World Authors Series, no. 558: Spain. Bos­ Directions in American Intellectual History. University of Chicago, 1980. ton: Twayne Pubs., 1979. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Leslau, Wolf. Etymological Dictionary o; Graff, Gerald. Literature Against Itself: Lit­ Press, 1979. Gurage: Ethiopic. Wiesbaden: Otto Harras- erary Ideas in Modern Society. Chicago: Uni­ Irvin, Helen D. Women in Kentucky. K en­ sowitz, 1979. versity of Chicago Press, 1979. tucky Bicentennial Bookshelf. Lexington: McDavid, Raven I. Jr. and O'Cain, Grimm, Reinhold. Brecht und Nietzsche University Press of Kentucky, 1979. Raymond K. Linguistic Atlas of the Middle oder Gestandnisse eines Dichters. Frankfurt Jones, Alice H. Wealth of a Nation to Be: The and South Atlantic States. Chicago: Univer­ am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1979. American Colonies on the Eve of the Revolu­ sity of Chicago Press, 1980. Grudin, Robert. Mighty Opposites: Shakes­ tion . New York: Columbia University Schmalstieg, William R. Indo-European peare and Renaissance Contrariety. Berkeley: Press, 1980. Linguistics: A New Synthesis. University University of California Press, 1979. Kammen, Michael. The Past Before Us: Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, Hayden, John O. Polestar of the Ancients: Contemporary Historical Writing in the U.S. 1980. The Aristotelian Tradition in Classical and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980. Shevelov, George Y. A Historical Phonology English Literary Criticism. Newark: Univer­ Kleppner, Paul. The Third Electoral System, of the Ukranian Language. Historical sity of Delaware Press, 1979. 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Phonology of the Slavic Languages; no. 4. Howells, William Dean. Selected Letters. Cultures. Chapel Hill: University of North Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1979. Edited by George Arms and Christoph K. Carolina Press, 1979. Threatte, Leslie. The Grammar of Attic In­ Lohmann. Boston: Twayne Pubs., 1979. Libbey, James K. Dear Alben: Mr. Barkley of scriptions. vol. 1: Phonology. Berlin: Walter ____The Quality of Mercy. Introduction K en tucky. Kentucky Bicentennial Book­ de Gruyter, 1980. and notes to the text by James P. Elliott shelf. Lexington: University Press of Ken­ with the assistance of David J. Nordloh. tucky, 1979. His A Selected Edition of W.D. Howells, Matthews, Jean V. Rufus Choate: The Law vol. 18. Bloomington: Indiana University and Civic Virtue. Philadelphia: Temple Uni­ JURISPRUDENCE Press, 1979. versity Press, 1980. Kimball, Anne S. Lettres de Max Jacob a Meier, August and Rudwick, Elliott. Black Marcel Jouhandeau. Geneva: Droz, 1979. Detroit and the Rise of the UAW. New York: Kurrick, Maire J. Literature and Negation. Oxford University Press, 1979. Houlgate, Laurence D. The Child and the New York: Columbia University Press. Namorato, Michael V., ed. Have We Over­ State: A Normative Theory of Juvenile Rights. 1979. com e?: Race Relations Since Brown. Jackson: Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University La Comedia Llamada Serafina: An Anon­ University of Mississippi Press, 1979. Press, 1979. ymous Humanistic Comedy of 1621. Norton, Mary Beth. Liberty's Daughters: Houseman, Gerald L. The Right of Mobil­ Edited by Glen F. Dille. Carbondale: The Revolutionary Experience of American ity. New York: National University Pubns., Southern Illinois University Press, 1979. Women, 1750-1800. Boston: Little, Brown & Kennikat Press, 1979. Levin, Richard. New Readings vs. Old Plays: C o., 1980. Recent Trends in the Reinterpretation of Eng­ Notable American Women: The Modern lish Renaissance Drama. Chicago: University Period. Edited by Barbara Sicherman and of Chicago Press, 1979. Carol Hurd Green. Cambridge: Belknap A Manual of the Writings of Middle Eng­ Press, Harvard University Press, 1980. lish. 1050-1500. Edited by Albert E. Har- Olson, Sherry H. Baltimore: The Building of tung. vol. 6. By members of the Middle an American City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins English Division, Modern Language As­ University Press, 1980. sociation. New Haven: Connecticut Acad­ Paterson, Thomas G. On Every Front: The emy of Arts and Sciences, 1980. Making of the Cold War. New York: W. W. Marti, Jose. Thoughts on Liberty, Govern­ Norton & C o., 1979. ment, Art, and Morality: A Bilingual Anthol­ Peach, Bernard, ed. Richard Price and the ogy. Edited by Carlos Ripoll. New York: Ethical Foundations of the American Revolu­ Eliseo Torres & Sons— Las Americas Pub­ tion . Durham: Duke University Press, lishing Co., 1980. 1979. Meyer, Doris. Victoria Ocampo: Against the Riggs, Robert E. and Mykletun, I. Jostein. Wind and the Tide. New York: George Beyond Functionalism: Attitudes Toward In­ Braziller, 1979. ternational Organization in Norway and the Bahr, Ehrhard. Nelly Sachs. A u to re n - Morales, Jorge Luis, Alfonso Reyes y la Lit- United States." Minneapolis: University of bucher, no. 16. Munich: Verlage C.H. eratura Espanola. Coleccion Mente y Minnesota Press, 1979. Beck, 1980. Palabra. Spain: Editorial Universitaria, Schneider, Jerrold E. Ideological Conditions Baker, Houston A. Jr. No M atter Where You 1980. in Congress. Contributions in Political Sci­ Travel, You Still Be Black. Detroit: Lotus Oehlschlaeger, Fritz and Hendrick, ence, no. 16. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. G e o r g e , e d s . Toward the Making of Press, 1979. Berger, Thomas L. Blurt, Master Constable, Thoreau’s Modern Reputation: Selected Corre­ Sheehan, Bernard W? Savagism and Civility: 1602. Austria: Salzburg University, 1979. spondence of S .A Jones, A.W. Hosmer, H.S. Indians and Englishmen in Colonial Virginia. KNOWLEDGE Brown, Frederick. Theater and Revolution: Salt, G.O. Blake and D. Ricketson. Chicago: New York: Cambridge University Press, The Culture of the French Stage. New York: University of Illinois Press, 1979. 1980. & LEARNING Viking Press, 1980. Parry, Milman, co m p . Serbo-Croatian Skates, John R. Mississippi: A Bicentennial Browning's Trumpeter: The Correspond­ Heroic Songs, vol. 14: Bihacka Krajina; Epics H istory. States and the Nation Series. New ence of Robert Browning and Frederick J. From Bihac, Cazin, and Kulen Valkuf. Cam ­ York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1979. Darkey, William A., ed. Three Dialogues on Furnivall. Edited by William S. Peterson. bridge: Harvard University Press, 1979. Spero, Joan E. The Failure of the Franklin Liberal Education. Annapolis: St. Johns Washington, D.C.: Decatur House Press, Pfaff, Ricahrd W. Montague Rhodes James. National Bank: Challenge to the International College Press, 1979. 1979. London: Scolar Press, 1980. Banking System. New York: Columbia Uni­ Oleson, Alexandra C. and Voss, John, Byron, George Gordon. Byron's Letters and Rosenthal, Bernard. City of Nature: Jour­ versity Press, 1980. eds. The Organization of Knowledge in Mod­ Journals, vol. 10: 1822-1823: A Heart for neys to Nature in the Age of American ern America, 1860-1920. Baltimore: Johns Every Fate. Edited by Leslie Alexis Mar- Romanticism. Newark: University of Dela­ Hopkins University Press, 1979. chand. London: John Murray, 1980. ware Press, 1980. 21 Rowe, George E. Thomas Middleton and the Blouin, Francis X. and Warner, Robert M., Leone, Mark P. Roots of Modern Mor- New Comedy Tradition. Lincoln: University eds. Sources for the Study of Migration and m onism. Cambridge: Harvard University of Nebraska Press, 1979. Ethnicity: A Guide to Manuscripts in Finland, Press, 1979. Sikelianos, Angelos. Selected Poems. A Ireland, Poland, The Netherlands, and the More, Sir Thomas. The Complete Works of Lockert Library of Poetry in Translation. States of Michigan. Ann Arbor: Bentley His­ Saint Thomas More. Edited by J.B. Trapp, Translated by Edmund Keeley and Philip torical Library, 1979. vol. 9: The Apology. New Haven: Yale Uni­ Sherrard. Princeton: Princeton University Cabeen, David C. ed. A Critical Bibliog­ versity Press, 1979. Press, 1979. raphy of French Literature, vol. 6: The Twen­ More, Sir Thomas. The Tower Works: Devo­ Stephan, Alexander. Die Deutsche Exil- tieth Century. Edited by D.W. Alden and tional Writings. The Yale Edition of the literature, 1933-1945: Eine Einfuhrung. R.A. Brooks. Syracuse: Syracuse Univer­ Works of St. Thomas More: Selected Munich: C.H. Beck, 1979. sity Press, 1980. Works. Edited by Garry E. Haupt. New Stonum, Gary L. Faulkner's Career: An Davis, Richard C. and Miller, Linda A., Haven: Yale University Press, 1980. Internal Literary History. Ithaca: Cornell eds. Guide to the Cataloged Collections: The Murakami, Shigeyoshi. Japanese Religion in University Press, 1979. Manuscript Department of the William R. Per­ the Modern CentWry. Translated by Studies in the Age of Chaucer, vol. 1. kins Library, Duke University. Santa Bar­ H. Byron Earhart. Japan: University of Edited by Roy J. Pearcy. Norman: New bara: ABC-Clio, 1980. Tokyo Press, 1980. Chaucer Society, University of Oklahoma, European Americana: A Chronological Speidel, Michael P. Mithras-Orion: Greek 1979. Guide to Writings on the Americas Pub­ Hero and Roman God. Leiden, Netherlands: Tayler, Edward W. Milton's Poetry: Its De­ lished in Europe, 1493-1776. vol. 1: John E.J. Brill, 1980. velopment in Time. : Duquesne Alden. John Carter Brown Library. New Twersky, Isadore, ed. Introduction to the University Press, 1979. York: Readex Books, 1980. Code of Maimonides (Mishneh Torah). Yale Thoreau, Henry David. A Week on the Con­ Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Judaica Series no. 22. New Haven: Yale cord and Merrimack Rivers. The Writings of Gallery. Guide to American Historical Manu­ University Press, 1980. Henry D. Thoreau. Edited by Carl F. scripts in the Huntington Library. S a n Hovde. Princeton: Princeton University Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library Pubns, Press, 1980. 1979. Warrick, Patricia S. The Cybernetic Imagi­ PUBLISHING & PRINTING ___ Guide to Literary Manuscripts in the nation in Science Fiction. Cambridge: M.I.T. Huntington Library. San Marino, Calif.: Press, 1980. Huntington Library Pubns, 1979. Wittreich, Joseph A. Jr. Visionary Poetics: Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Catalogus Transla- Milton and His Legacy. San Marino, Calif.: trionum et Commentariorum. Edited by Huntington Library Pubns., 1979. Comparato, Frank E. Chronicles of Genius F. Edward Cranz. Washington, D.C.: and Folly. Culver City, Calif.: Labrinthos, Catholic University of America Press, 1979. 1980. Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press Roeming, Robert F., ed. Catalog of Little as an Agent of Change: Communications and Magazines: A Collection in the Rare Book Cultural Transformations in Early-Modern Room, Memorial Library, University of Europe. 2 vols. New York: Cambridge Uni­ Wisconsin-Madison. Madison: University of versity Press, 1979. Wisconsin Press, 1979. Machiup, Fritz and Leeson, Kenneth. In­ Rowson, Everett K. and Bonebakker, formation Through the Printed Word: the Dis­ Seeger A. A Computerized Listing of Bio­ semination of Scholarly, Scientific, and Intel­ graphical Data From the Yatmat Al-Dahr by lectual Knowledge, vol. 4: Books, Journals, Al-Tha'Alibi. Onomasticon Arabicum Serie and Bibliographic Services. New York: Listing, no. 3. Los Angeles: University of Praeger, 1980. California Press, 1980. Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. Task Force on Alternatives in Print, American Library Association. Alternatives in Print: An International Catalog of Books, Pamphlets, Periodicals and Audiovisual Mate­ rials. 6th ed. New York: Neil-Schuman Pubs, 1980. Tyson, Gerald P. Joseph Johnson: A Liberal Barbour, Ian G. Technology, Environment Publisher. Iowa City: University of Iowa and Human Values. New York: Praeger Press, 1979. Pubs, 1980. Billington, David P. Robert M aillart’s Bridges: The Art of Engineering. Princeton: PHILOSOPHY Princeton University Press, 1979. Brown, D. Clayton. Electricity for Rural America: The Fight for REA. Contributions in Economics and Economic History, no. 29. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, Cain, Seymour. Gabriel Marcel. S o u th 1979. Bend: Regnery, Gateway, 1979. Durbin, Paul T., ed. A Guide to the Culture De George, Richard T. The Philosopher's of Science, Technology, and Medicine. New Guide to Sources, Research Tools, Professional York: Free Press, 1980. Life, and Related Fields. Lawrence: Regents Albert Einstein, the Human Side: New Press of Kansas, 1980. Glimpses from His Archives. Selected and Gadamer, Hans-George. Dialogue and Edited by Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoff­ Dialectic: Eight Hermeneutical Studies on man. Princeton: Princeton University Plato. Translated by P. Christopher Smith. RELIGION Press, 1979. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980. Engelhardt, H. Tristram Jr. and Callahan, James, William. The Works of William D an iel, ed s. Knowing and Valuing: The Jam es. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt, Search for Common Roots. Foundations of Fredson Bowers, and Ignas K. Skrupskelis. Backus, Isaac. The Diary of Isaac Backus. Ethics and Its Relationship to Science, vol. Some Problems of Philosophy. The Will to Be­ 4. Hudson-on-Hastings: Hastings Center, lie v e. Cambridge: Harvard University Edited by William G. McLoughlin. 3 vols. Providence: Brown University Press, 1979. Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Press. 1979. Sciences, 1980. Levi, Isaac. The Enterprise of Knowledge: An Bartholomeaus, Anglicus. On the Prop­ erties of Soul and Body. Edited by James Medicine and Religion: Strategies of Essay on Knowledge, Credal Probability, and C are. Contemporary Community Health Chance. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1980. Long. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1979. Series. Report— Institute on Human Val­ Plato. The Laws of Plato. Translated by ues in Medicine, no. 13. Edited by Donald Thomas L. Pangle. New York: Basic Books, Bergendoff, Conrad. The Augustana REFERENCE Ministerium: A Study of the Careers of the W. Shriver, Jr. Pittsburgh: University of 1980. Pittsburgh Press, 1980. Rorty, Richard. Philosophy and the Mirror of 2,504 Pastors of the Augustana Evangelical Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: A N ature. Princeton: Princeton University Lutheran SynodlChurch, 1850-1962. Rock Island, 111.: Augustana Historical Society, Feminist Reappraisal of the Scientific Revolu­ Press, 1979. tion. New York: Harper & Row, 1980. Understanding Human Emotions. Bowling L'Annee Philologique, Bibliographie 1980. Rogers, William R. and Barnard, David, Green Studies in Applied Philosophy, vol. Critique and Analytique de 1 'Antiquite Besserman, Lawrence L. The Legend of Job Greco-Latine. Collection de Bibliographie in the M iddle Ages. Cambridge: Harvard eds. Nourishing the Humanistic in Medicine: 1. Edited by Fred D. Miller, Jr. and Interactions with the Social Sciences. Thomas W. Attig. Ohio: Applied Philos­ Classique, vol. 48. Paris: Societe d' Edi­ University Press, 1979. tion, Les Belle Lettres, 1979. Brostrom, Kenneth N. Archpriest Avvakum: Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Press, 1979. ophy Programs, Bowling Green State Uni­ Van Tassel, David D., ed. Aging, Death versity, 1979. L'Annee Philologique: Bibliographie The Life Written by Himself. Ann Arbor: Critique et Analytique de l'Antiquite University of Michigan, 1979. and the Completion of Being. Philadelphia: Greco-Latine. Collection de Bibliographie Debevec, Anton, com p . United States University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979. Vogel, Morris J. and Rosenberg, Charles Classique, vol. 49. Edited by Juliette Documents in the Propaganda Fide Archives: Ernst, Viktor Poeschl and William C. West. A Calendar, vol. 8. Edited by Mathias C. E ., eds. The Therapeutic Revolution: Essays Paris: Societe d'Edition, Les Belles Lettres, Kiemen and Alexander Wyse. Washington, in the Social History of American Medicine. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania 1980. D.C.: Academy of American Franciscan Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles. Edited History, 1980. Press, 1979. by Lewis Hanke. Los Virreyes Espanoles Jacoway, Elizabeth. Yankee Missionaries in en America Durante El Gobierno de la the South: The Penn School Experiment. Casa de Austria: Peru 4, 5, 6 and 7. Ma­ Baton Rouge: Louisana State University drid: Atlas, 1980. Press, 1980. 22 RECENT NEH GRANT AWARDS

exhibit "The Enjarradora (Spanish women support a post-doctoral fellowship pro­ who work with adobe), A Woman's Role in gram. FC Archaeology & Traditional New Mexican Architec­ School District of the City of Berkley, MI; ture." PM M. Jane Makulski: $2,500. To teach Berkley Anthropology Heart of the Earth Survival School, M in­ six- through eighth-graders about the neapolis, MN; Bette Skenandore: $5,000. To dynamics of human cultures through par­ .American Museum of Natural History, involve youth in workshops and field trips ticipation in archaeological research and a NYC: Nina J. Root: $61,950. To inventory centering on cultural artifacts of Native simulated dig. AZ and catalog the Anthropology Photographic Americans in Minnesota. AZ U. of Kansas, Lawrence; Alfred E. Johnson: Archive of the Museum. RC Highgate Road Social Science Research $34,100. To plan an intercultural exhibit SOCIAL SCIENCE American U., Washington, DC; Charles W. S tatio n , Berkeley, CA; Ethel D. Dunn: using the permanent collections of the McNett, Jr.: $76,995. To enable archae­ $40,000. To research for a book and an ar­ Museum of Anthropology at the University, ologists, anthropologists, educators, and a chive, the history and ethnography of the including 100,000 archaeological specimens representative of the National Congress of Molokans in the Russian Empire, their mi­ and approximately 10,000 ethnographic Adam, Herbert and Giliomee, Hermann. American Indians to prepare and field test a gration to and life in the U.S., and their at­ items from Native American groups, Africa, Ethnic Power Mobilized: Can South Africa teacher's resource guide and classroom tempts at setting up new communities in Australia, and New Guinea. PM C h an g e? New Haven: Yale University modules on American Indian prehistory Australia and South America. RS U. of Kentucky Research Foundation, Press, 1979. and history for grades 5-8. ES High School of Jewish Studies, Seattle, Lexington; Richard K. Holloway: $2,500. To Deibel, Terry L. Commitment in American Archaeology Society of Staten Island, NY: WA; Lenore M. Ziontz: $2,500. To enable enable anthropologists, museum personnel, Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Examination for Leif C. Landberg: $5,000. To teach Staten Seattle teenagers to select and research the Post-Vietnam Era. National Security Af­ educators, and students to plan programs Island youth about archaeological excava­ Jewish artifacts, prepare an exhibit and to help Central Kentucky youth, 11-14, un­ fairs Monograph Series, no. 804. Wash­ tion and about prehistoric Indian artifacts catalog of those artifacts, and act as tour ington, D.C.: National Defense University derstand the relationship between an­ through constructing a small scale Indian guides to the exhibit which will be shown in Research Directorate, 1980. thropological and archaeological theory and village, digging a simulated site, and visit­ several locations. AZ Strong, Ann L. Land Banking: European Re­ their own concepts of culture. AZ ing on-going professional excavations. AZ Illinois State Museum, Springfield; Judith ality, American Prospect. John Hopkins U. of Maryland, College Park; Gladys M. Arizona State Museum, Tucson; Ernest E. A. Franke: $14,372. To develop an inte­ Fry: $15,000. To research and write a book Studies in Urban Affairs. Baltimore: Johns Leavitt: $20,000. To present an exhibit of grated interpretive program for Dickson Hopkins University Press, 1979. on folk legends of Maryland's Eastern Mexican Indian costumes and dance masks, Mounds State Museum, an important Na­ Stultz, Newell M. Transhei's Half Loaf: Race Shore, the District of Columbia, and rural displayed and interpreted as expressions of tive American archaeological and an­ Separatism in South Africa. New Haven: Virginia and the role they play in the lives cultural values and beliefs. PM thropological site which has survived al­ Yale University Press, 1979. of blacks there. RS Bethlehem Center, Charlotte, NC; Bertrand most entirely intact over 1000 years. PM Vogelsang, Sandy. American Dream, Global U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Carole L. S. Graham: $5,000. To teach Charlotte John Baptist Center, New Orleans, LA; Nightmare: Human Rights Policy. New York: Crumley: $33,823. To support research by youth, predominantly black and low- John H. Fulwiler: $5,000. To enable New W.W. Norton & Co, 1980. an interdisciplinary group, predominantly income, about life in the early 1900s for Orleans black ghetto youth, 14-19, to re­ anthropologists, on a spatial-temporal defi­ low-income black families through small search and produce a photographic essay, a nition of region in relation to a geographic group meetings with the elderly. The youth slide/tape presentation and a brochure for area in southern Burgundy, France, concen­ will compile a booklet and present a pro­ wide distribution on New Orleans history trating on the factors which have affected gram of cultural recollections. AZ and culture, especially its black urban herit­ boundary maintenance and dissolution Bolivar-Zoar Youth Center, Inc., OH; John age. AZ throughout its history. RO R. Skelly-Watts: $2,500. To teach youth, Knickerbocker Historical Society, U. of Oregon for the Museum of Natural 12-18, from Ohio's rural Tuscarawas Valley Schaghticoke, NY; David J. Zdunczyk: History, Eugene; Alice Carnes: $6,810. To School District proper methods of excavat­ $2,500. To hold seminars, workshops, field plan four traveling exhibits on traditional ing and cataloging findings at an ar­ trips, and discussion groups contrasting and contemporary Native American cul­ chaeological site. AZ urban and rural lifestyles in 19th-century tures of Oregon, including "Harvesters of Brown U ., Providence, RI; Robert R. Hol­ America for 12- to 18-year-olds. AZ Land and Sea;" "The Valley People;" "The loway: $9,503. To support a conference on Leelanau Indians, Inc., Suttons Bay, MI; Salmon Fishers;" and "People of the West­ the archaeology of early Italy to be attended Lucille M. Bennett: $2,500. To plan a project ern Plateau." PM by European and American archaeologists involving rural and urban Native American Otoe-Missouria Tribe, Red Rock, OK; and historians in the presence of a public youth in the activities, traditions, and his­ Wallace E. Coffey: $25,000. To record in interested, in part through ethnic heritage, tory of the annual Leelanau Indian Pow­ book form oral history materials collected in the topic. RD wow. AZ over several years from Indian elders on the Brown U., Haffenreffer Museum of An­ Michigan State U., East Lansing; Charles K. experiences and philosophies of the Otoe- thropology, Providence, RI; Jane P. Dwyer: Dewhurst: $1,500. To support oral history Missouria Tribe. RS $44,504. To conserve, catalog and make ac­ research on the traditions of waterfowl U. of Texas Press, Austin; John H. Kyle: cessible to scholars and the public a collec­ hunting in the Pointe Mouillee area south of $6,000. To publish The Ancient Future of the tion of some 20,000 images of the archaeol­ Detroit, with emphasis on artifacts, tech­ Itza: The Book of Chilam Balam to Tizimin, a ogy and anthropology of America. RC niques, and lore associated with wa- bilingual edition of one of the prophetic Bucks County Community College, New­ terfowling. RS Books of the Jaguar Priests of the Yucatecan ton, PA; Lyle L. Rosenberger: $2,500. To Michigan State U., East Lansing; J. W. Maya. RP teach youth, 12-21, techniques and objec­ Myers: $39,102 OR; $8,100 G&M. To de­ West Chester State College, PA; Marshall J. tives of archaeology through the excavation velop an atlas of Minoan Classical sites on Becker: $31,131. To research known mate­ of a pottery kiln foundation which dates to Crete, the first volume of a planned series rials and search for new documents for a 1825 and about the social and economic fac­ on archaeological sites arranged by culture manuscript on the ethnohistory of the tors which made Quakertown a major pot­ and region. RT Lenape Indian bands of southeastern tery center. AZ Princeton U. Press, NJ; Sanford G. Pennsylvania. RS Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, Tahlequah; Thatcher: $4,300. To publish Civic Ritual in Ron Pitman: $10,000. To explore ways to in­ Renaissance Venice, which uses structural an­ troduce Cherokee Indian culture to elemen­ thropology to demonstrate that ritualization Arts—History & tary school children in the Tahlequah of society and politics was an important area. ES reason for Venice's stability. RP Criticism Cobb Marietta Girls Club, GA; Janet M. Riverside County Parks Department, Millard: $5,000. To enable young women, Rubidoux, CA; Stephen A. Becker: $5,000. American Harp Society, Los Angeles, CA; 6-18, to develop a display, a festival, and a To involve California fifth- and sixth-grade Lucile H. Jennings: $22,636. To form a spe­ pamphlet comparing present day life in students in an after-school archaeology cial collection for repository in the Library Cobb County with lifestyles of the last 150 project at the Trujillo Adobe, once part of of Congress of harp-related musical scores, years, focusing on the contribution of an early Hispanic community to produce an documents and manuscripts of historical women. AZ exhibit and public programs for a larger significance. RC Columbia U. Press, NYC; John D. Moore: youth audience. AZ American Musicological Society, U. of $5,000. To publish Generosity and Jealousy: Rutgers U. Press, New Brunswick, NJ; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Barry S. Brook: Social and Emotional Structures of the Swat Marlie Wasserman: $6,000. To publish The $50,000 OR; $29,124 G&M. To process and Pakhtun, a study of the values and psychol­ Cosmic Zygote: A South American Lowland publish the large volume of response to a ogy of the Pakhtuns, a semi-nomadic Mus­ Cosmological Model, which examines through missing item request as part of the regular lim people living on the borderlands of Af­ ethnology and archaeology 384 representa­ subscription series of RILM (Repertoire in- ghanistan and Pakistan and utterly opposed tive myths from 69 Amazonian Indian ternationale de litterature musicale). RC to foreign domination. RP groups, contributing significantly to the Assoc, for Recorded Sound Collection, El Centro Cultural y Museo del Barrio, theory of myth. RP Manassas, VA; David Hall: $825,812 G&M. Taos, NM; Juan R. Navarrete: $17,387. To School of American Research, Santa Fe, To survey 600,000 pre-LP-era recordings plan interpretive programs for the traveling NM; Douglas W. Schwartz: $68,500. To through label filming and high resolution 23 microfilming of recording surfaces, and to to 48 19th-century American art jour­ Bund Archives, NYC; Benjamin Nadel: $5,000. To help youth plan creative ap­ index by author, composer, title, perform­ nals. RT $3,385. To develop appropriate finding proaches to learning about Afro-American ers, label name, issue number, etc., the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY; aids covering European manuscript mate­ oral traditions, including workshops, items surveyed, now on repository at five Pat A. Molholt: $17,500. To plan develop­ rials at the Archives of the Jewish labor museum internships, and audio taping or public sound archives. RC ment of a standard thesaurus to classify all movement. RC oral histories. AZ Austin Community College, TX; Luis G. resource materials in the history and criti­ Chinese Culture Foundation, San F ran ­ Bilingual Broadcasting Foundation, Inc., Guerra: $36,692. To develop commercial art cism of visual arts. RC cisco, CA; Sue Yung Li: $75,000 G&M. To Santa Rosa, CA; Francisco J. Hernandez: studio courses, a "History of Commercial Historical Society, Provi­ complete and release the two remaining $2,500. To support planning by scholars, Art" course, and a slide library on history dence; Laura B. Roberts: $5,000. To teach films in the series, "Cities in China." EH media professionals, and Sonoma County of visual communications that will incorpo­ Providence area youth, 13-15, to identify Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Marysa youth, 15-18, for a series of ten 30-minute rate the humanities in the entire cur­ architectural styles and their sources; to Navarro: $42,398. To offer new courses in radio programs on Chicano history. AZ riculum. EP explore issues of architectural preservation; the history and theory of feminism; wom­ Boys Club of Queens, Long Is. City, NY; Boys Harbor, Inc., NYC; Ramon Rodriquez: to research and produce a slide show on the en's work and culture in industrializing Kenneth J. Doka: $5,000. To teach mem­ $29,784. To enable youth to produce and topic; and to disseminate their work to societies; and women, culture and society bers of the Boys Club oral history tech­ distribute a quarterly magazine as a forum youth groups in other communities. AZ in cross-cultural perspectives. EP niques to trace the historical development for discussion and analysis of Hispanic cul­ Southern Illinois U., Carbondale; Charles Johns Hopkins U. Press, Baltimore, MD; of the Astoria community and the ethnic ture through the exploration of Hispanic H. Harpole: $19,995 G&M. To support an Henry Y. K. Tom: $3,817. To publish Mer­ groups within that community, with the ethnic music. AZ invitational workshop/conference for cin­ chants, Landlords, Magistrates: The Depont assistance of elderly residents. AZ Brooklyn Museum, NY; Kathryne An­ ema historians to discuss matters of his­ Family in Eighteenth-Century France, a Buffalo N. American Indian Culture Ctr., drews: $79,740. To allow young people to toriography and to plan a ten-volume In­ three-generation narrative history of the In c., NY; Cheryl A. Ray: $2,500. To plan a work with Brooklyn Museum staff to inter­ ternational History of Cinema. RD family dealing with the problems of social project in which Native American youth pret the cultural and humanistic contexts of John T. Spike, NYC: $7,000. To compile an mobility, family organizaton, land tenure, will produce a traveling educational the Museum's collections through a film annotated, illustrated revision of Vol. XIX and political power. RP exhibit on Iroquois history and culture. AZ and a guidebook to be disseminated to of Adam von Bartsch's Le Peintre Graveur Johns Hopkins U. Press, Baltimore, MD; California State College, Bakersfield; Jack thousands of local youths. AZ (1803-21, 21 volumes), the standard refer­ Henry Y.K.Tom: $3,847. To publish The Goldsmith: $300,000. To support oral his­ Center for Adv. Stud, of PR & the Carib­ ence work for the engravings, etchings and English Bill of Rights, 1689: Epitome of the tory interviews and transcription, scho­ b e a n , San Juan, PR; Ricardo Alegria: woodcuts of Italian, German and Nether­ Glorious Revolution, which identifies the larly research, and a series of public pro­ $30,000. To edit and complete four films landish Old Masters. RT origins of the ideas in the Bill and reveals grams and media presentations on the begun under an earlier grant, "The Artisans U. of Illinois, Urbana; Herbert Kellman: the strategies of the men who engineered "Dust Bowl" migration of the 1930s and its of Puerto Rico." EH $100,512. To prepare a census-catalog of its acceptance. RP impact on the cities, towns, and rural Centro de Artistas Chicanos, Sacramento, manuscript soruces of polyphonic music, Newberry Library, Chicago, IL; Paul H. communities of the southern San Joaquin CA; Oralia T. Flores: $5,000. To enable 1400-1500, to provide greater access tools Saenger: $35,985. To catalog the pre-1500 Valley. AD youth, 12-20, from Sacramento's Alkali to Renaissance music scholars. RT North American manuscript collection to Charlotte V. Brown, Raleigh, NC; $89,962. Flats, a predominantly low-income, His­ U. of Kentucky Research Foundation, complement the teaching program of the To research the contributions, practices, panic district, to plan, produce, and dis­ Lexington; Gerald J. Munoff: $6,080. To Newberry Renaissance Center. RC and social identities of architects and seminate a magazine on the history and in­ supplement a grant to organize photo­ Rutgers U., New Brunswick, NJ; Nan J. builders who worked in North Carolina, terpretation of murals from the area. AZ graphic archives of the University's collec­ Hahn: $20,045 G&M. To create a data bank 1650 to the present, focusing on the proc­ Hoyt Library, Kingston, PA; Marybeth tions of glass-plate and other antique proc­ and information retrieval system on the ess of building in its social setting. RS Evans: $2,500. To enable youth, 15-21, ess photographs, made available to re­ contents of scientific manuscripts, A.D. Cherokee National Historical Society, from the Wyoming Valley region to partici­ searchers under the original grant. RC 500-1600. RT Tahlequah, OK; Martin A. Hagerstrand: pate in a survey of historically and architec­ U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Daniel Siena Heights College, Adrian, MI; $11,543. To plan for development of an turally significant buildings in the area. AZ W. Patterson: $19,398. To create a com­ Spencer C. Bennett: $45,835. To train a exhibit on 400 years of Cherokee Indian Greater Washington Educational Telecom., prehensive edition of American 19th- 12-person humanities faculty in skills history. PM Washington, DC; Toby H. Levine: $200,000. century tunebook spirituals from songbook needed to design and teach an interdisci­ Chicago Metro History Fair, Inc., IL; To develop learning packages and a teacher records of America's first folk singing. RE plinary basic course on Western civiliza­ Gerald A. Danzer: $128,977. To design, training model to enhance multicultural U. of Washington, Seattle; Naomi B. Pascal: tion. EP implement, and disseminate a comprehen­ education in secondary schools on the his­ $3,700. To publish A Chinese Zither Tutor: U. of , Columbia; Robert E. sive, interdisciplinary unit introducing tory of black American music culture. ES The Nei'an Ch'in P’u, a complete translation Ruigh: $75,000. To research, edit and pub­ secondary students in Chicago public International Museum of Photography, of a handbook to the instrument, including lish the British House of Commons debates schools to the study of neighborhood his­ Rochester, NY; Susan D. Peters: $5,000. To music, annotations, and background mate­ of 1624. RE tory. ES plan a committee to help direct develop­ rials of value to Chinese scholars and U. of the Sacred Heart, Santurce, PR; Bos­ City of East Chicago, IN; Vytenis B. ment of a bibliographical dictionary of pho­ ethnomusicologists. RP que H. Gonzalez: $43,257. To develop a Damusis: $5,000. To enable youth, many of tographers active in North America from Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; Lawrence J. variant of an existing course in Western them black or Hispanic, to learn tech­ the beginning of this art form to the pres­ Link: $4,881. To support a two-day confer­ civilization by implementing a student- niques for gathering oral history data in ent. RT ence on the moral implications of contem­ centered approach to teaching it. EP order to conduct interviews with the el­ Learning Through an Expanded Arts Pro­ porary art, drawing on experts in religion, Villanova U., PA; Justin J. Green: $4,500. derly on the history of the major ethnic gram, NYC; Ila L. Gross: $33,067. To enable philosophy, and art criticism and serving a To enable selected scholars to attend the communities in the city. AP universities, public schools, the Metropoli­ general audience from the Appalachian re­ three-day International Conference on Clermont County Youth Services, Batavia, tan Museum of Art, and the Program to gion. RD Philippine Studies at Western Michigan OH; Tom S. Long: $5,000. To help young train teachers and develop curriculum ma­ Wayne State U., Detroit, MI; Paul Sporn: University. RD people, 12-18, research, prepare, and par­ terials using art history to enhance the $45,000. To research for a book on Federal ticipate in public programs, videotapes, sixth- and ninth-grade history curricula in support for the arts in Michigan in the and brochures for younger children and NYC public schools. ES 1930s, concentrating on the Federal Theater History—U.S. adults on the cultural and historical back­ Learning to Read Through the Arts, NYC; Project and the Federal Writers' Project. RS ground of the Appalachian region in Cler­ Renata Karlin: $23,447. To help New York Women Artists, Westport, CT; Suzanne mont County. AZ and New Jersey public school teachers de­ Bauman: $45,000. To complete production American Association for State & Local Cleveland Public Library, OH; Thomas F. velop models for integrating museum ex­ for a one-hour documentary film on the H ist., Nashville TN; George R. Adams: Campbell: $15,000. To plan for an in-depth hibits into their humanities curriculum. ES lives and works of women painters entitled $168,749. To implement and develop community study, including lectures, dis­ Maymont Foundation, Richmond, VA; "A Social History of Women Artists." PN courses for museum and historical agency cussions, displays, and multimedia pre­ Tracy D. Clough: $2,500. To enable young Wyoming Girl Scout Council, Casper; Jane professionals and volunteers on inter­ sentations, of the historical causes of interns, 18-20, to develop museum educa­ L. Caller: $2,500. To plan a project to in­ preting historic sites and materials im­ Cleveland's decline despite its wealth of tion programs in preparation for field trips struct members of the Council, 6-17, in the proving exhibits and publications, and cultural assets. PL to the Dooley Mansion by first- to ninth- study of historic sites. AZ using collections in school and public his­ Columbia U., NYC; Elliott D. Sclar: graders. AZ tory programs. AP $38,900. To initiate, evaluate and if suc­ Midwest Museum of American Art, Elk­ American Council on Education, W ashing­ cessful, incorporate into an urban plan­ hart, IN; Mark J. Meister: $2,500. To involve Classics ton, DC; Judith P. deSerio: $34,517. To ning program a "New York Neighborhood Elkhart high school students in educational preserve, arrange and describe the Coun­ History Seminar'' to strengthen the experiences and museum activities relating cil's archives, which date from 1918. RC humanities content of the curriculum. EP art history to American history and cul­ American Jewish Congress, G e n e r a l Committee for a New England Bibliog­ ture. AZ Catholic U. of America, Washington, DC; Council, NYC; Will Maslow: $1,000. To raphy, Inc., Boston, MA; Thomas D. Bas­ Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA; Cynthia Thomas P. Halton: $1,500. To produce a support a consultancy to analyze and ap­ sett: $35,800 OR; $19,500 G&M. To con­ S. Stone: $30,432. To train young people as revised, updated and newly structured praise archival collections of the Congress' tinue editorial work on the multi-volume junior curators to plan and implement a edition of Martin R. P. McGuire's Intro­ Commission on Law and Social Action. RC bibliographies of New England history. RC mini-exhibition at local community sites duction to Classical Scholarship: A Syllabus Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson; Comm, for Historic and Architectural Pre- and to introduce them to art history, art and Bibliographical Guide. RT Maurice Wohlgelernter: $5,000. To review, serv., Baltimore, MD; Kathleen L. Gilbert: criticism, archaeology, and history. AZ Princeton U., NJ; Sanford G. Thatcher: organize and assess the papers of the $18,827. To teach gifted fifth- and sixth- New England Council of Latin Amer. $2,500. To publish The Structure of 20th-century American author and critic graders in 20 Baltimore neighborhoods S tu d ie s, Storrs, CT; Joyce W. Bailey: Thucydides' History, the first history of the Joseph Wood Krutch, housed in the Li­ methods of learning local history and $69,518 OR; $14,000 G&M. To prepare for Peloponnesian War. RP brary of Congress, in preparation for a studying the past, with emphasis on his­ publication a Handbook of Latin American Art U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; William critical biography. PM toric preservation, and to hold workshops (10 volumes), a basic research tool in Latin C. West, III: $69,632. To continue the Aspira of New York, Inc., NYC; William for teachers. ES American art history. RT long-standing project of bibliographical Nieves: $2,500. To plan a project in which COMP AS, St. Paul, MN; Lynnell M. Lohr: Northampton County Community Schools, research in classical studies at the L'Annee Puerto Rican high school youth from the $32,000 G&M. To continue the St. Paul, Jackson, NC; John W. Quinley: $5,000. To Philologique in Paris. RC Bronx, Brooklyn, and Manhattan will MN History Theater project by developing involve youth in Northampton County in examine the development of Puerto Rican new scripts for theatrical productions on collecting, interpreting, and performing history and culture. AZ regional history as well as disseminating traditional black religious folksongs. AZ History Assoc, for the Preservation of VA An­ materials to help other communities de­ Old Salem, Inc., Winston-Salem, NC; tiquities, Richmond; Ransom B. True: velop similar programs. AP Frank L. Horton: $38,873. To review news­ Non-U.S. $21,877. To increase the Association's Bio­ Dakota County Museum, S. St. Paul, MN; papers, court records, and city directories graphical Dictionary of Early Virginia, 1607- Frances L. Miller: $2,500. To guide high in eight southern states for references to Brown U ., Providence, RI; Michael Y.M. 1660 and Subject and Source Guide to Early school students in researching the people over 100 early trades and hundreds of art­ Kau: $62,000. To prepare for publication 16 Virginia, 1607-1660 from 100,000 to 200,000 responsible for constructing 70 historic ists and artisans working before 1821. RT annotated volumes of the post-1949 writ­ entries. RT sites in the County. AZ Princeton U., NJ; Mary M. Schmidt: ings (in translation) of Chinese leader Mao Big Brothers of the National Capital Area, DeCordova Museum, Lincoln, MA; Lana $12,000. To develop a computerized index Tse-tung. RE Washington, DC; Manson Brown, Jr.: L. Branton: $2,500. To help Boston-area 24 teenage Scouts and 4~H Club members to community presenting the community as of the Museum. RC Old Dartmouth Historical Society, New prepare a youth-oriented catalog and to an expression of the coal mining process, Memphis Public Library, TN; Diane Cofer: Bedford, MA; John R. Bockstoce: $34,845. give youth tours of the upcoming Museum the coal operator's world view, and the $2,500. To support a pilot project in which To research and write a comprehensive exhibit, "350 Years of New England mining family's standards and goals. PM Shelby County youth, 13-18, will inter­ history of the whaling industry in Alaska Crafts." AZ Indiana U., Bloomington; Ellen Dwyer: view and tape record the memoirs of el­ and adjacent waters and its influence on Dorchester County Assn. for Retarded $40,000. To research for a manuscript the derly residents, focusing on traditional the lands and peoples of the region, with C itizen s, Summerville, SC; Linda H.A. social and intellectual history of the customs, tales, and sayings and produce a attention to the larger ecological, eco­ Karges: $2,500. To teach special education categorization and treatment of the insane folklore pamphlet. AZ nomic, and social/historical issues in­ students, 11-17, about the historical back­ in New York State, 1843-1890, focusing on Montgomery Neighborhood Center, volved. RS ground of Charleston, black history, and the definitions of insanity revealed in Rochester, NY; Charles M. Moore: $2,500. Ontario County Historical Society, Can- local folklore for presentations to the asylum records, psychiatric publications, To enable black and Hispanic youth, nadaigua, NY; Donald Muller: $5,000. To community. AZ and patients' writings. RS 16-21, to research, conduct oral history in­ develop after-school and weekend local East Arkansas Regional Mental Health Indian Youth of America, Sioux City, IA; terviews, and prepare films and tapes on history programs at the Children's Mu­ Center, Helena; Walter A. Darnell: $5,000. Patricia T. Gordon: $5,000. To enable Na­ prominent black citizens and organizations seum for youth, 5-15, and family groups To support youth in researching the con­ tive American youth, 10-15, from numer­ in the city. AZ primarily from Ontario County. AZ tributions of blacks in Phillips County and ous states and tribes to record oral his­ Museum of History & Industry, Historical Ontario-Montclair School District, CA; in writing, producing, performing, and tories from their tribal elders or research a Society of Seattle & King Co., WA; Jam es Michael B. Dixon: $2,500. To plan centen­ videotaping, a skit based on their findings. specific aspect of their tribe's culture and R. Warren: $2,500. To plan a project in­ nial humanities programs related to the AZ assist in developing a cultural enrichment volving Seattle youth, 10-14, in research hundred-year history of the cities of On­ Florida State U., Tallahassee; George E. handbook. AZ on neighborhood history and planning. AZ tario and Montclair for youth and the gen­ Carter: $80,000 OR; $140,000 G&M. To Islamic Community Center of Columbia, Museum of Transportation, Boston, MA; eral public in the area. AZ collect and edit the papers of black aboli­ MD; Akil K. Rahim: $2,500. To plan to in­ Donald B. Gratz: $46,074. To involve teen­ Pacific St. Film Projects, Inc., Brooklyn, tionists and to publish all the collected volve Arab, Balalian, and Asian Muslim agers who have learned oral history and NY; Steven A. Fischler: $15,090. To pub­ documents in microfilm and a selected youth, 9-19, in a multimedia project on research techniques in instructing younger licize a 90-minute documentary film which group of papers in a letterpress edition. RE the various ethnic traditions in the met­ people in after-school learning activities explores the history and philosophy of R ic h a r d M . F r e e la n d , Boston, MA: ropolitan communities of the Baltimore/ on the history of Boston, its neighbor­ anarchism in the United States. PN $19,874. To research the development of Washington, D.C. area. AZ hoods, and the roles of transportation and Peale Museum, Baltimore, MD; Dennis K. eight universities in the Boston area, 1935- Jackson County Historical Society, Inde­ communication. AZ McDaniel: $2,500. To plan workshops and 1975, analyzing their evolving relation­ pendence, MO; Mary Childers: $2,500. To N.A.A.C.P., Belton, TX; Joseph E. Bous- internships for young people at the Mu­ ship with the community and their signifi­ help youth recruited by the Mid-Continent quet: $2,500. To enable black youth, ages seum on the history and the life of the city. cance in the general pattern of change Council of Girl Scouts develop skills in re­ 12-21, to research and produce an exhibit AZ among American universities. RS search and historical scholarship by com­ on Bell County black history to be dis­ Pitt County Community Schools, G reen­ Friends of the Handley Library, W inches­ paring mid-continent family life of the played in the Belton City Library. AZ ville, NC; Joe R. Stines: $2,500. To enable ter, VA; Melvin R. Rhodes: $2,500. To plan mid-19th century with that of the present New Hanover County Museum, W il­ Pitt County youth to gather, organize, and a project in which local youth will conduct day. AZ mington, NC; Janet K. Seapker: $22,430. make accessible a beginning oral history of oral history and archival research on the Johns Hopkins U., Baltimore, MD; Jack P. To develop an interpretive philosophy for the county. AZ personal accomplishments and cultural Greene: $10,000. To support a conference the Museum, identifying historic high- Portsmouth Public Library, VA; Rene L. contributions of the black community in in Oxford, England, at which British, points, developing themes on Cape Fear Brown: $160,000. To produce audiovisual Winchester. Findings will be disseminated American, and European scholars will re­ regional history, identifying special audi­ and other materials presenting the social through exhibits, workshops, plays and view recent developments and research ences, and suggesting ways to use mu­ history of black and white relationships multimedia presentations. AZ prospects in Anglo-American colonial his­ seum collections. PM during the last 200 years in lower Tidewa­ Girls Club of Omaha, NE; Mary M. Heng: tory. RD New Jersey Historical Commission, Tren­ ter. PL $2,500. To help minority low-income girls, Kelly Institute for Local Historical ton; Ronald J. Grele: $115,848. To prepare Princeton U. Press, NJ; Sanford G. 12--14, research the history of blacks Studies, Brooklyn, NY; Arthur J. Konop: booklets, teachers' guides, and learning Thatcher: $7,500 G&M. To publish Prince- buried in Omaha's Prospect Hill Cemetery. $5,000. To help Brooklyn youth develop aids for high school curricula in ethnic tonians, 1776-1783: A Biographical Diction­ AZ and present at various locations through­ studies using the Commission's collection ary, the third volume in a series covering Great Basin Studies Center, Reno, NV; out the borough a series of youth pro­ of multi-ethnic oral life histories. ES the American revolutionary period and John M. Townley: $2,500. To plan state grams on Brooklyn's history. AZ Newton North High School, Newtonville, recording the contribution of Princeton and local history programs for adult and Lehigh County Historical Society, A llen­ MA; Henry H. Bolter: $27,654. To utilize students and the college to the formation youth organizations. AZ town, PA; Karyl L. Hall: $50,202. To sup­ the archives and collection of the Allen of the Republic. RP Greater Milwaukee Cnl. of Arts for Chil­ port an interpretive exhibit to examine the House in West Newton for elementary and Regional Conference of Historical Agen­ dren, WI; Barbara R. Tilney: $5,000. To en­ process by which Allentown's 19th-cen­ secondary local history study. ES cies, Manlius, NY; Finke Hans-Joachim: able junior and senior high school students tury carpenters combined national, cos­ Next Door Foundation, Inc., Milwaukee, $66,432. To administer 38 social history to produce videotapes on growing up in mopolitan influences with their strong re­ WI; John M. Hohl: $2,500. To plan a proj­ humanities programs for the adult public Milwaukee for competition, with winners gional culture to produce unique architec­ ect in which youth will investigate the in central and upstate New York. PM broadcast on public television and made tural ornament in wood. PM available resources on the cultural, institu­ Research Foundation of CUNY; E. Jam es available to area schools. AZ Lenawee County Historical Society, Ad­ tional, and economic histories of Mil­ Ferguson: $76,000. To prepare and publish Hanford Mills Museum, East Meredith, rian, MI; Marcia B. Wolter: $22,775. To waukee neighborhoods, study their own a definitive edition of the papers of Robert NY; Beth M. Parkhurst: $5,000. To enable support a cooperative program between neighborhoods, and train other youth in Morris, Superintendent of Finance, 1781- youth, 12-20, from Delaware and Otsego County elementary schools and the Michi­ neighborhood investigation. AZ 1784. RE Counties to investigate and interpret the gan Historical Museum to introduce local North Carolina Dept, of Cultural Re­ River Falls Area Schools, WI; Carol L. social and economic history of their com­ history and folklore into the school cur­ sources, Raleigh; Larry G. Misenheimer: LeBreck: $5,000. To involve high school munities at workshops and group meet­ riculum. ES $102,054. To support final editing, layout, students in field study, archival research, ings, to prepare articles and presentations, Lithuanian Institute of Education, C h i­ and printing of 5,000 "Sourcebooks of His­ oral history interviews, and seminars on and to create a youth resource center. AZ cago, IL; Saulius A. Girnius: $5,000. To toric Places in North Carolina," covering local and regional historical events and Harvard U. Press, Cambridge, MA; Maud train high school students in field research five periods of social and cultural history. sites in the St. Paul/Minneapolis area. AZ E. Wilcox: $22,500. To publish The Letters and oral history techniques to trace accul­ PM Rockford Park District, IL; William J. of Henry Adams, Vols. 1-3, part of a six- turation patterns in representative Chi- North Carolina Museum of Life and Sci­ Graham: $2,500. To enable Rockford volume annotated edition of the letters of cago-area Lithuanian immigrant families. e n ce , Durham; William M. Sudduth: middle-school youth to assist in the pro­ the discerning observer of 60 years of AZ $5,000. To enable high school students to duction of a booklet on the history of the American political, social, and intellectual Louisiana State U. Press, Baton Rouge; visit area museums and libraries, learn area as seen from the Rock River to be life. RP Beverly J. Jarrett: $3,581. To publish The about historical research and exhibit in­ used as part of a regular boat tour and in Hawaiian Historical Society, H onolulu; Afro-American Periodical Press, 1838-1909, a terpretation, and then research and pre­ classrooms. AZ Rhoda E. Hackler: $3,750. To formulate a finding aid needed by American historians pare an exhibit, bibliography, and study Rocky Mount Historical Association, system to preserve and make accessible working with Afro-American materials. RP guide on black scientists, engineers, and Piney Flats, TN; Liz M. Johnson: $2,500. records of the Hawaiian sugar industry, Louisiana State U. Press, Baton Rouge; inventors. AZ To enable high school youth from the Ap­ inventoried under an earlier NEH grant. Beverly J. Jarrett: $3,732. To publish The North Shore Jewish Historical Society, palachian Overmountain area of Tennes­ RC Radical Persuasion, 1890-1917, an intellec­ Marblehead, MA; Stephen G. Mostov: see to research and produce a 15-minute Heartland Productions, Dayton, OH; Julia tual history on the perception by radicals $41,100. To research for a book, an exhibit, film on the history of the area, with Rocky Reichert: $50,543. To complete a produc­ of the worker in this country and the and an audio-visual program the Russian Mount as the focal point. AZ tion of a 90-minute documentary film rhetoric of turn-of-the-century radicalism. Jewish immigrants in Lynn, MA, and their Salem Youth Commission, MA; Susan E. about the generation of men and women in RP involvement in the shoe industry since Taber: $5,000. To enable Salem area youth, the 1930s who devoted their lives to radi­ Madison YWCA, WI; Nancy S. McLaugh­ 1900. RS 14-18, to conduct oral history interviews cally changing society. PN lin: $2,500. To help Madison youth, 12-19, Ocumlgee Regional Library, E astm an , with local senior citizens for an exhibit and Historic Cherry Hill, Albany, NY; Cor­ research black female history and write GA; Guy D. Chappell, II: $5,000. To enable a radio series for a larger youth audience. nelia H. Frisbee: $24,255. To plan an one-act plays and vignettes depicting Eastman youth, 14-17, to conduct field re­ AZ exhibit, catalog, and seminar emphasizing women in black history. AZ search and interviews to discover and San Antonio Area Council of Girl Scouts, the social, historical and cultural signifi­ Lola T. Martin Scholarship Fund, H em p­ document sites of historical importance in TN; Nancy A. Berg: $5,000. To enable cance of dress and household fabrics of the stead, NY; Lola T. Martin: $5,000. To teach five counties and present their findings to members of the Council to research and Rensselaer-Rankin family in Albany. PM Hempstead youth, 11-21, research and a larger youth audience and senior citizens produce cassette tapes on historical, cul­ Hopi Organization for Progress, Inc., oral history techniques in order to conduct through exhibits and workshops. AZ tural and unique sites in the area for audi­ Oraibi, AZ; Eugene Sekaquaptewa: interviews with black, Indian, and other Office of the Secretary of State, Division ences including many Hispanic and handi­ $100,000. To support oral history research minority residents, many of them elderly, of Archives & Records, Springfield, IL; capped Americans. AZ for a bilingual book on the Hopi Indian for a portable exhibit and a magazine. AZ John E. Daly: $22,385. To review and edit Sangamon State U., Clayville Rural Life pueblo village of Old Oraibi, the oldest Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, 720,000 land sales records to complete the Center & Museum, Springfield, IL; Ed­ continually inhabited settlement in the MA; John D. Cushing: $71,684. To select, Illinois Land Records Computer Conver­ ward L. Hawes: $26,444. To plan an out­ U .S. RS organize and catalog 18 to 20 important sion Project to identify purchases of public door museum to interpret traditional cul­ Howard U., Washington, DC; Thomas C. manuscripts most of which have been on domain lands by women in their own tures and change in Illinois, 1800-2000. Battle: $28,904. To plan a major museum loan to the Society's collection and have right. RT PM exhibit on racial stereotypes applied to recently become the property of the in­ Oklahoma State U., Stillwater; H. F. Don­ Santa Lucia Council of Camp Fire, Sali­ blacks in America and abroad. PM stitution. RC nelley: $5,000. To enable ninth-grade nas, CA; Kjysten W. Drew: $5,000. To de­ Huntington Galleries, WV; Randall C. Meadow Farm Museum, Richmond, VA; Oklahoma history students to explore velop a living history and cultural center at Lawrence: $120,000 OR; $160,000 G&M. To Stuart Hallman: $1,000. To support a con­ local, multicultural history by researching Camp Chaneya in Monterey County to re­ support a social history exhibit on the re­ sultancy to advise on a project to organize, information about little-known events, search the cultural and 'ethnic background lationship between the coal mine and the conserve and preserve archival materials people, and places. AZ of the County and to produce an oral his­ 25 tory journal of the area. AZ PL facilities of Wheaton Village as an interpre­ the family unit. AZ Seneca Falls Historical Society, NY; Ann U. of Florida, Gainesville; Betty A.Camp: tive living-history and museum facility. Boricua College, NYC; Jack Agueros: M. Hermann: $3,103. To continue to re­ $2,500. To develop a 30-minute pilot au­ PM $202,416. To document the Puerto Rican evaluate the Society's purpose and goals, diotape on children's folklore. Senior Girl David E. Whisnant, Baltimore, MD: migration to the United States since 1901 and to develop a comprehensive plan for Scouts from Alachua County, FL, will col­ $42,036. To prepare research material on and the present condition of the Puerto interpretation of the museum's collections, lect the folklore from field interviews with the effects of federal and state policies on Rican community through photo essays, including the correspondence of Elizabeth children. AZ the traditions and culture of the Appala­ interviews, a collection of documents and Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. PM U. of Illinois, Chicago; Dominic Candel­ chian region. RS memorabilia, and a major, traveling Sheridan County Fulmer Public Library, oro: $25,000 OR; $15,000 G&M. To sup­ Wildcliff Museum, New Rochelle, NY; exhibit. AP WY; Nola F. Lutz: $5,000. To involve high plement a project documenting Italian- Marc Tull: $5,000. To enable young people Capital Children's Museum, Washington, school youth in teaching children in spe­ American communities in Chicago. AP to develop and test a traveling model of a DC; Ann W. Lewin: $40,000. To design, cial education classes the rudiments of U. of Lowell, MA; Mary H. Blewett: permanent exhibit relating to the history implement, and evaluate an elementary photography, oral history, and writing for $46,000. To research for a manuscript the and development of the Long Island school curriculum and guides for the study the preparation of a manuscript to be enti­ differing experiences of men and women Sound region. AZ of other cultures using museum resources. tled "A Pictorial History of Sheridan, working in the New England shoe indus­ Worcester Historical Museum, MA; W il­ ES Wyoming, 1980." AZ try, 1820-1920, from the perspectives of liam D. Wallace: $32,837. To support a College of the Virgin Islands, St. Croix; Sleepy Hollow Restorations, Inc., Tar- family history, labor history, and women's study to develop a social history interpre­ Alan S. Oliver: $2,500. To plan 4-H youth rytown, NY; Saverio Procario: $2,000. To history. RS tation of the Salisbury Mansion (1772), the programs that reflect a West Indian publish The Van Cortlandt Family Papers, U. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln; Stephen F. Georgian-style home of one of Worcester's philosophical base. AZ Volume IV: Correspondence of the Van Cort­ Cox: $3,529. To publish English America prominent cultural, civic and business Conference on Latin American History, landt Family of Cortlandt Manor, 1814-1848, and the Restoration Monarchy of Charles II: leaders. PM San Diego State U., CA; Thomas Davies: part of a series of family correspondence Transatlantic Politics, Commerce, and Kin­ Y ale U ., New Haven, CT; Nancy Cott; $10,000. To support a conference at the Li­ and business papers of particular interest sh ip , a reinterpretation, from primary $42,331. To establish four new advanced brary of Congress on Hispanic manuscript to New York State historians. RP documents, of the history of early Amer­ courses in women's studies including a material in the United States, its nature Snug Harbor Cultural Center, Staten Is­ ica, 1660-1685, and its business, family, development seminar, fostering common and accessibility. RC land, NY; Grace Lamb: $70,215. To sup­ political, and religious ties with England. inquiry about women's studies. EP Cornell U., Ithaca, NY; Michelle A. port a course of study for fourth-grade RP Ypsilanti Public Schools, MI; Judith G. Whitham: $2,500. To enable Ithaca youth, students on the history of the Port of New U. of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Manuel White: $89,000. To train students and 13-21, to examine the history and contri­ York, including on-site instruction at the J. Justiz: $70,854. To support an institute teachers in Ypsilanti public schools in butions of blacks, Italians, and Greeks in Center and at the port facilities. Teachers for graduate course work in Hispanic colo­ community-centered study of history. ES that city through collection of data and the in the program will be given a graduate nial civilization, especially for the south­ YWCA of Easton, PA; Jane M. Newburgh: production of a film. AZ course on the maritime history of the har­ western U.S., to strengthen elementary $2,500. To enable Easton youth, 15-21, Council on Foreign Relations, NYC; Alton bor. ES and secondary study of Hispanic civiliza­ working with professionals and the el­ Frye: $200,000 G&M. To support a post­ State Historical Society of North Dakota, tion. ES derly, to research and produce a local oral doctoral fellowship program. FC Bismarck; James E. Sperry: $136,000. To U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Charles history media presentation. AZ Georgetown U., Washington, DC; Robert exhibit the regional history of the entire G. Zug III: $37,500. To research for a book YMCA of Sumter County, SC; Sharon E. M. Veatch: $40,985. To support a seminar human occupation of North Dakota against historic cemeteries and gravestones in four MacMillan: $5,000. To enable Sumter for medical and health-care teachers, the background of the natural environ­ counties, examining their aesthetic charac­ youth, 13-18, to research and write a "Theories of Medical Ethics: Comparative ment, 1730-1879. PM teristics, iconographical content, and cul­ booklet on the contributions of women and Perspectives." FP Staten Island Children's Museum, NY; Jo tural significance for the ethnic groups minorities in South Carolina. AZ Indiana U., Bloomington; Stephen A. Hal- Ann Secor: $5,400. To plan an exhibit on who lived in the area from the late 17th to kovic, Jr.: $97,272. To catalog the Tibetan the ethnic and cultural history of Staten the early 19th century. RS texts of the Field Museum of Natural His­ Island, 1400 to the present, which will in­ U. Press of New England, Hanover, NH; Intercultural tory, Chicago, to make the original texts clude the Leni-Lenape Indians, Dutch, Thomas L. McFarland: $4,000. To publish available to scholars. RC black Americans, and Italian-Americans. The Original Vermonters: An Account of Ver­ Studies Lander College, Greenwood, SC; Marvin PM mont Indians, Past and Present, an a n ­ Cann: $2,500. To plan a program to de­ Stratford Community Services, CT; P at­ thropological and historical account of American Academy in Rome, NYC; Sophie velop in South Carolina youth, 14-20, an ricia A. Naylor: $2,500. To enable 9th- to how people lived in Vermont since before C. Consagra: $60,000. To support a post­ appreciation of the historic and continuing llth-grade history and English students the arrival of Europeans to the present. RP doctoral fellowship program. FC relationship between their state and to plan, research, and produce a slide pre­ U. of Wisconsin, Madison; Stanley I. Kut- Amer. Assoc, for the Adv. of Slavic France. AZ sentation and a complementary walking ler: $90,000 OR: $176,518 G&M. To sup­ Studies, Chicago, IL; Edward C. Thaden: Nassau Library System, Uniondale, NY; tour on Stratford's history for larger youth port three summer workshops involving $61,997. To compile and publish the Barbara A. Porte: $5,000. To enable chil­ audiences. AZ interdisciplinary research for working pa­ American Bibliography of Slavic and East dren, grades 3-6, to explore oral tradition Suffolk County Council, Boy Scouts of pers, monographs and articles on Ameri­ European Studies (two volumes). RC by examining and comparing storytelling A m erica, Medford, NY; Albert L. Smith: can legal history, 1870-1970. RO American Council of Learned Societies, in their families and in a variety of cul­ $5,000. To enable the Nassau and Suffolk U. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; John Lloyd NYC; John K. Fairbank: $42,657. To con­ tures. AZ County Boy and Girl Scouts to develop Taylor: $83,413. To examine American so­ tinue preparing for publication volumes National Council of La Raza, Washington, historic trails on Long Island and slide/ cial history, particularly the movement 13, 14, and 15 of the "Cambridge History DC; Antoinette Breiter: $47,165. To con­ tape presentations for each trail to be used West, in the 19th century through the of China," 1928-1976, including the tinue a series of public programs and arti­ by area youth groups and school field medium of Western landscape photo­ People's Republic of China up to the death cles on Hispanic issues. AP trips. AZ graphs. PM of Mao Tse-tung. RO Newark Museum Association, NJ; Barbara Sun Prairie Historical Library and Mu­ Urban Services Branch YMCA, K ansas American Council of Learned Societies, B. Lipton: $78,500. To complete a one-hour seum , WI; Peter Klein: $5,000. To teach City, MO; Barbara A. Blake: $5,000. To NYC; Jason H. Parker: $50,000 OR; documentary film for television and educa­ Sun Prairie youth, 8-13, historical re­ support a pilot project in which Kansas $300,000 G&M. To support activities tional distribution describing historic and search techniques in order to produce City high school students, predominantly through 1984 of the Committee on Studies contemporary culture of Yuit Eskimos maps, illustrative materials, vignettes, and black, will develop a slide-tape presenta­ of Chinese Civilization, which provides within the context of modern American so­ a videotape on the history of their com­ tion on the history of Kansas City for post doctoral research grants and supports ciety. PN munity for a larger youth audience. AZ a larger youth audience. AZ research planning and development neces­ Mississippi State U., M iss. State; Jam es R. Syracuse U., NY; James M. Powell: Village of Rockville Center, Department sary to the study of traditional Chinese so­ Chatham: $82,620. To compile, index and $185,810 G&M. To complete cataloging of of Recreation, NY; Mary J. Hailey: $2,500. ciety and culture. RO verify a world list of dissertations in His­ the Ranke Library and the Novotny Collec­ To teach youth research techniques in American Research Center in Egypt, Inc., panic languages and literatures to com­ tion. RC order to review photographic archives and Columbia University, NYC; Paul E. plete the two volumes already produced Temple U. Press, Philadelphia, PA; Ken­ record oral histories of elderly residents Walker: $66,000. To support a post­ for the U.S. and Canada. RC neth L. Arnold: $5,000. To publish The for a slide/tape presentation on the de­ doctoral fellowship program. FC Pearl School, Houston, TX; Diana Dillon: Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the Afri­ velopment of family life in a suburban American Schools of Oriental Research, $2,500. To plan a summer project in which can Slave Trade, 1700-1807, the first study community. AZ Albright Institute of Archaeological Re­ black, Mexican American and Caucasian of its kind in this area of black, American, Washington County Public Library, Mari­ search, Cambridge, MA; Seymour Gitin: youth, 5-13, will research, develop, and and economic history. RP etta, OH; Phyllis C. Baker: $1,000. To sup­ $40,000. To support a post doctoral fellow­ plan a pamphlet documenting how ethnic Tri-County Community Action Agency, port a consultancy to develop biblio­ ship program. FC cultures have blended together in the Athens, OH; Richard E. Stevens: $5,000. graphic controls in connection with a Li­ American Schools of Oriental Research, Houston Metropolitan area. AZ To teach low-income, rural youth, 12-18, brary project to restore and preserve its American Ctr. of Oriental Res., C am ­ Princeton U., NJ; Sanford G. Thatcher: historical research techniques in order to history collection. RC bridge, MA; James A. Sauer: $40,000. To $3,500. To publish Moscow Workers and the produce publications on the culture and Washington Neighborhood Center, Inc., support a post doctoral fellowship pro­ 1917 Revolution, which provides new in­ history of Appalachian Ohio. AZ Sacramento, CA; Rose M. Leal: $5,000. To gram. FC sights into the diversity, complexity, and Union League Boys Club Foundation, teach Sacramento Chicano youth to con­ Asian American Research Institute, rationality of the revolution from the Chicago, IL; Francisco DuPrey: $2,500. To duct interviews with older generations in Brooklyn, NY; John K. Tchen: $64,890. To perspective of the working class in Mos­ plan a project on the minority cultural ex­ order to develop slides, films, and work­ plan for public programming and a perma­ cow. RP perience involving Hispanic youth 12-15, shops on their Spanish cultural heritage. nent community historical agency to help Rutgers U. Press, New Brunswick, NJ; from the Humboldt Park area. AZ AZ Chinese and non-Chinese Americans learn Herbert F. Mann: $5,000. To publish Au­ Universal Jazz Preservation Society, Al- Wayne State U., Detroit, MI; Charles K. about New York's Chinatown. AP tocracy and Aristocracy: The Russian Elite, tadena, CA; Bill De Laney: $2,500. To plan Hyde: $25,000. To research the interplay Asian Americans for Community In­ 1689-1761. RP a jazz history education program involving between technology, the labor force, im­ volvement, Palo Alto, CA; Michael M. Southern Methodist U., Dallas, TX; youth, 14-18, from the Altadena/Pasadena migrants, and the community in the Kaku: $5,000. To teach Santa Clara County Annemarie W. Carr: $34,435. To support a area. AZ Michigan copper mining district, 1850- youth, 11-18, about the history of Asians microfiche edition of a book on the 90- U. of Alabama, University; Malcolm M. 1920. RS in America through active participation in member decorative style group of Byzan­ MacDonald: $1,752. To publish "D'lber- Western Heritage Center, Billings, MT; the writing and production of video tapes tine illuminated manuscripts, the largest ville's Gulf Journals," containing the Lynda Moss: $2,500. To introduce youth, on significant events and issues, including to have survived from Byzantium. RT French colonizer's descriptions of the Gulf 7-18, through workshops and a workbook Asian American elderly. AZ Stanford U. Press, CA; Leon E. Seltzer: Coast and lower Mississippi River region to the heritage of local architecture, fur­ Asian American Drug Abuse Program, $4,315. To publish Early Ming China: A and its aboriginal population. RP thering their understanding of history and In c., Los Angeles, CA; Patrick L. Ogawa: Political History, 1355-1435. RP U. of Connecticut, Storrs; Sondra A. the significance of historic preservation. $2,500. To support a pilot youth project on U. of California, Davis; K. C. Liu: $10,000. Stave: $17,500. To plan for consolidation, AZ the history of the Japanese family in Japan To support a conference on orthodoxy and development and dissemination of social Wheaton Historical Association, Millville, and in the U.S., the present structure of heterodoxy in late imperial China, at and ethnic history materials through NJ; Donald C. Pettifer: $10,500. To ap­ the Japanese American family, and the which a large, interdisciplinary group of community libraries in rural Connecticut. praise the present activities, programs and most common stress situations disrupting scholars will examine cultural beliefs, so­ 26 cial divisions, and the ethical basis of dis­ Grants-in-Aid. FF courses, "Critical Thought Skills." EP from all departments as discussion instruc­ sent in the community. RP Association for American Achievements, Foreign Policy Association, NYC; Carter tors for a required senior symposium. EP U. of California, Los Angeles; Barbara G. Inc., NYC; Harold E. Emerson: $15,000. To L. Burgess: $300,000 OR; $100,000 G&M. Lynn Economic Opportunity, Inc., MA; Cox: $100,000 OR: $100,625 G&M. To plan a series of town hall forums in major To support publications and community- Michael Bedford: $2,500. To plan a project index, prepare, and computerize informa­ U.S. cities where scholars and public offi­ level discussion programs that examine in­ involving youth in the development of a tion during the final editorial stages of cials will analyze the major trends in the ternational policy issues from a humanistic guidebook on the Lynn Woods, an urban production of the Hispanic American development of American society and the perspective for the public; from high park important in the history of the city, its Periodicals Index, 1970-74. RC cultural and philosophical issues con­ school students to senior citizens. AP growth, immigrants, and Native Ameri­ U. of Illinois Press, Champaign; Ann L. fronting the U.S. in the next century. AP Fort Berthold Community College, New cans. AZ Weir: $4,500. To publish The Urge to Auburn, U., AL; W. David Lewis: $20,000. Town, ND; Donald Z. Rush: $5,000. To en­ Macalester College, St. Paul, MN; Jeremiah Mobilize: Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1861- To develop a sequence of interdisciplinary able youth from the Fort Berthold Indian Reedy: $139,458. To establish a Center for 1930, important to scholars of late Imperial courses in the history of science, technol­ Reservation to conduct oral history inter­ the Teaching of Humanities serving sec­ Russia and of the relations of city and ogy, and human culture. EH views with tribal elders and prepare an ondary school teachers through summer in­ country in underdeveloped nations. RP Augustana College, Rock Island, IL; exhibit and workshop on the environmen­ stitutes, mini-workshops, regular programs U. of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Donald J. Daniel E. Lee: $20,000. To develop three tal, cultural, and social impacts of the and publications. ES Munro: $10,000. To support an interdisci­ new courses and an interdisciplinary pro­ flooding of the reservation's most fertile Marie Brooks Children's Dance Res. plinary conference of Western philoso­ gram in science and technology designed land. AZ Theatre, NYC; Marie Brooks: $5,000. To phers and sinologists examining Chinese to appeal to students in areas such as Fort Bidwell Indian Tribal Council, CA; hold five cross-cultural workshops for traditions and writings on the concept of business and health care. EH Patricia A. Barry: $2,500. To plan a project youth on the history, philosophies, life­ the individual. RD Berkeley Community YWCA, CA; Toni in which northeastern Modoc County styles, and artistic traditions of Caribbean U. of Southern California, Los Angeles; Vincent: $5,000. To support a pilot youth youth will learn about Native American countries visited by the participants Nake M. Kamrany: $50,000 OR; $50,000 project on the creative contribution of tribal units and the environmental adapta­ through an exchange program. AZ G&M. To collect, classify, and catalog Berkeley's minority women, culminating tions of the Northern Paiute tribe, includ­ Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Bos­ works on Afghanistan for the first com­ in the development of radio and perform­ ing survival techniques still useful. AZ ton; Amy Kirle Lezberg: $39,720. To prepare prehensive reference work on the exist­ ance activities. AZ Frederick County 4-H Clubs, MD; JoAnne a new course that will infuse humanities ence and quality of literature and research Big Brothers and Sisters of Houston, Inc., D. Leatherman: $5,000. To involve Freder­ values and concepts into health care educa­ in Afghanistan informing and promoting TX; Jill Shaw: $5,000. To help youth, ick County youth, 13-19, in interviewing tion. EP scholarly activity. RC 11-15, from a low-income, predominantly elderly county residents, in researching Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin, U. of Tennessee Press, Knoxville; Carol black Houston neighborhood research, archives, in exploring landmarks, and in Keshena; Gary Lapotka: $2,500. To plan a Orr: $2,000. To publish A Russian Cultural interpret, and document the historical and developing a slide/tape presentation on the project to increase youth understanding of Revival: A Critical Anthology of Emigre Lit­ cultural evolution of black music and art, urbanization of this formerly agricultural the Menominee Indian culture by analyzing erature Before 1939, including fiction, li­ especially in Texas. AZ area. AZ it from an environmental perspective and brary criticism, reminiscences, travel Boston Zoological Society, MA; Lydia A. Grayson County Board of Education, developing appropriate educational mate­ notes, one-act plays, and poetry by 37 au­ Kowalski: $5,000. To enable Boston area Leitchfield, KY; Imogene M. Belcher: rials. AZ thors translated into English for the first youth to explore the mythological roles of $10,000. To explore ways to increase effec­ Mental Health Law Project, Washington, time. RP animals in human society as they are por­ tiveness of teachers in the humanities DC; Susan M. Brown: $50,000. To enable a U. of Wisconsin, Madison; Harold Scheub: trayed in mythology, literature, and fine through consultant assistance and in- group of scholars, professionals, clinicians, $92,000. To research the first literary his­ arts. AZ service teacher training. ES and family members to explore the ethical tory of ten South African literatures, Brigham Young U., Provo, UT; Karen Henry E. Huntington Library and Art issues that arise when systems outside the examining their links with the history and Lynn: $20,000. To plan, teach, and evalu­ Gallery, San Marino, CA; Martin Ridge: family must intervene to resolve disputes culture of southern Africa and with each ate an interdisciplinary freshman honors $140,000 OR; $47,500. To support a post­ and to propose guidelines for handling the other. RO course examining a variety of ethical, doctoral fellowship program. FC attendant legal and social problems. AP U. of W isconsin, Milwaukee; Ronald moral, and religious traditions. EH Hollins College, VA; Allie M. Frazier: Michigan State U., East Lansing; Martin Podeschi: $48,849. To implement three California State U., Chico; Lynn Elliott: $151,000. To support a three-year program Benjamin, Joy Curtis; $39,236. To support a new courses to meet the needs of an ur­ $49,975. To develop an interdisciplinary of extended institutes for elementary and seminar for medical and health-care banized population for intercultural educa­ course of 15 one-hour taped humanities secondary teachers in rural Appalachia in teachers, "Ethical Issues and Inquiry in tion through interdisciplinary humanities programs for broadcast over the institu­ interdisciplinary subjects, new teaching Nursing." FP training. EP tion's television system for reception at approaches and new units of study for Mississippi Valley State U., Itta Bena; Villa Itatti Center for Italian Renaissance eight California learning centers. EP their own classes. ES Robert E. Young: $2,500. To plan a project Studies, Cambridge, MA; Craig H. Smyth: City of Fresno, CA; Mabelle M. Selland: Howard U., Washington, DC; Lorraine M. for youth from eight U.S. cities to conduct $57,000. To support a post doctoral fellow­ $17,492. To assess 60-75 ethnic groups in Faxio: $2,500. To plan a project in which historical research and oral history inter­ ship program. FC the Fresno area in preparation for ethnic area youth, 13-18, will explore Afro- views on the influence and contributions of ■Vale U ., New Haven, CT; Marvin H. Pope: events and to prepare pilot videotapes on American culture through 20th-century black schools in the lives of urban blacks $50,000. To support an annotated transla­ three of the ethnic groups for broadcast on Afro-American artists and their works. AZ who migrated from Mississippi. AZ tion of mythological poems from ancient public television. AP Indian Hills Community College, Ot­ MIT Press, Cambridge; Laurence Cohen: Ugarit on the coast of North Syria, an im­ Colegio Universitario del Turabo, Caguas, tumwa, IA; David G. Harris: $42,070. To $5,000 OR; $3,000 G&M. To publish Struc­ portant source of information about the PR; Ivonne A. Garcia: $50,000. To redesign offer team-taught elective courses on his­ ture and Spirit: Selected Essays in Art, History, history and religion of the ancient Near humanities courses taken by the majority tory, philosophy, art, and literature as and Science, a collection of papers by a dis­ East. RL of students and develop new courses that viewed from a technological reference tinguished metallurgist who has turned his Youth Affairs Office, Santurce, PR; Carlos follow a "humanities through the arts" point. EP attention to the humanities and the arts, as Ramos: $2,500. To plan a project involving approach. EP Indian Odyssey, Inc., Mt. Baldy, CA; well as the sciences. RP young people in a study on the cultural in­ College of Mt. St. Joseph, OH; Thomas L. Joann Morris: $5,000. To sponsor a Monroe Community College, Rochester, fluence of young Puerto Ricans who have Seibert: $49,521. To stress auto-learning humanities conference at which Los NY; M. Thomas Cooper: $39,976. To test a returned to the island after living in the for the non-traditional student with a tuto­ Angeles County Native American youth revision of the AA degree program, em­ United States for more than five years. AZ rial component. EP will participate in lectures and discussions phasizing interdisciplinary areas stressing VWCA, Dayton, OH; Deborah A. Burneka: Contemporary Theater Experiences for with major Native American speakers and human values and the relationship between $2,500. To plan a project for children, Youth, Chicago, 111; Priscilla Smith: $2,500. will form ongoing research groups. AZ the past and present and between different 5-11, on the ethnic traditions and cultural To plan a series of weekend seminars for Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Albuquer­ cultures. EP history of Dayton. AZ Chicago area youth, 12-16, exploring the que, NM; Jim Trujillo: $30,000. To increase National Academy of Sciences, Washing­ YWCA, Lawrence, MA; Teresa Karangioz: effect of the humanities on lifestyles understanding of the history, culture, and ton, DC; Frank D. Hansing: $140,000. To $5,000. To allow English-speaking youth to through philosophical, historical and liter­ contributions of the Native Americans support a post doctoral fellowship program explore Spanish language and culture ary viewpoints. AZ among Indian youth and other young for minorities. FF through activities developed by area His­ Council for Greater Boston Camp Fire people through theater, dance, music, Newberry Library, Chicago, IL; Richard H. panic youth. AZ Girls, MA; H. Rebecca Ritchie: $5,000. To story-telling, and the development of a Brown: $180,000 OR; 60,000 G&M. To sup­ YWCA of Cobb County, Marietta, GA; teach Camp Fire girls, 9 — 15, from 66 museum exhibit on the Pueblo Indian. AZ port a post doctoral fellowship program. FC Barbara J. Bruegger: $2,500. To plan a greater Boston towns methods of ethnol­ Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey Department of Corrections, project involving American and Indo- ogy, archaeology, and anthropology in NJ; Kenneth M. Setton; $212,500. To sup­ Trenton; Thomas J. Lynch: $5,000. To en­ Chinese youth in Cobb County in an order to explore the Native American cul­ port a post doctoral fellowship program. FC able youth at the Jamesburg Training examination of their respective cultures. ture of the Berkshire area. AZ Institute of Society, Ethics & the Life Sci., School for Boys and Girls to gather institu­ Information compiled by the project will Delta Ministry, Greenville, MS; Gail Pear­ Hastings-on-Hudson, NY; Daniel Callahan: tional folklore about Jamesburg, thereby be translated into English, Laotian, Viet­ son: $5,000. To teach black youth in the $44,000. To support a post doctoral fellow­ gaining an awareness of language, litera­ namese, and Cambodian. AZ Mississippi Delta basic historical research ship program. FC ture, philosophy, and psychology and the YWCA Intervention Program, Auburn, techniques through examining black cul­ Jackson State U., MS; Garrett F. Weaver: history of the school. AZ ME; Sherman Smith: $5,000. To teach tural practices in the region, especially $50,000. To develop an interdisciplinary New Jersey Historical Society, Newark; youth, 11 — 18, historical research and uses for indigenous plants, herbs, and English/history course revising teaching John A. Herbst: $2,500. To plan a project interviewing techniques to investigate and animals. AZ strategies, content and supportive instruc­ and instructional materials to help youth, develop a slide/tape presentation on Denison U., Granville, OH; David O. tional materials. EP 13-19, understand the built environment Franco-American cultural influences on Woodyard: $50,000. To support a freshman KYVE-TV, Yakima, WA; Susan K. Brad­ and to encourage grassroots historic preser­ the community. AZ studies program comprising three humani­ way: $2,500. To plan a series of four televi­ vation. AZ ties courses as the first phase in revising sion programs on how the humanities can New York Grey Art Gallery, NYC; Robert Denison's general education program. ED help teens understand and cope with R. Littman: $11,080. To plan an exhibit on East Mt. Airy Neighbors, Inc., Philadel­ change in today's world. AZ the development of various techniques and Interdisciplinary phia, PA; Linda Y. Goss: $5,000. To sup­ Los Angeles County Museum of Art, CA; styles of television commercials since the port pilot workshops on African artistic William Lillys: $5,000. To involve gifted Los inception of the medium and an analysis of and philosophical traditions for black Angeles youth, 13-15, in museum learning their influence on America's lifestyles. PM American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, elementary school students. AZ programs investigating the connections be­ Niagara County Council of Girl Scouts, MA; John B. Hench: $132,000. To support a Emory U., Atlanta, GA; Emilia Kelley: tween literature and the visual arts. AZ Niagara Falls, NY; Edna G. Stubbs: $5,000. post doctoral fellowship program. FC $39,633. To offer two interdepartmental Louisiana State U., Baton Rouge; David H. To enable County Boy and Girl Scouts to American Council of Learned Societies, courses: "Europe between the Wars" and Culbert: $20,000. To support a faculty semi­ develop educational programs on culture, NYC; Thomas A. Noble: $62,450. To sup­ "Introduction to Literary Study." EP nar and instructional program on the use of art, literature, and history of Native Ameri­ port a post doctoral fellowship program for F.H. LaGuardia Community College, audio-visual materials for teaching the cans in the area for a larger youth audience. recent recipients of Ph.D. degrees. FF Long Island, NY; Neil I. Rossman: $31,403. humanities in the classroom. EH AZ American Council of Learned Societies, To provide students with some of the basic Lynchburg College, VA; James A. Huston: NSF/American Council on Education, NYC; Thomas A. Noble: $74,900. To sup­ conceptual and thinking skills needed for $49,920. To support a summer planning Washington, DC; Frank J. Atelsek: port a post doctoral fellowship program of humanistic studies through a program of session and workshop to prepare faculty $137,212. To support in conjunction with 27 other Federal agencies, the American Coun­ $5,000. To create workshops and educa­ Webb County Historical Commission, for teaching Spanish, and on careers in the cil on Education's Higher Education tional materials, and identify resources to Laredo, TX; Sydney Rubin: $5,000. To en­ fields of Spanish and Latin American Panel—a statistical sample of 760 U.S. col­ teach Tucson area youth, 8-15, about urban able Webb County youth, 13-18 and pre­ studies. ES leges and universities, the basis of a survey development and its social and cultural ef­ dominantly Hispanic, to document the ar­ Northeastern Illiniois U., Chicago; Bonnie system for policy and planning purposes. fects. AZ chitectural history of local buildings, com­ B. Busse: $154,011. To plan and implement OP Tufts U ., Medford, MA; Jesper Rosenmeier: pile an oral history from elderly residents two six-week summer institutes for foreign NFS/National Academy of Sciences, $49,154. To establish an undergraduate on old customs, and produce a historical language teachers emphasizing global and Washington, DC; William C. Kelly: major in American Studies at Tufts. EP guidebook for walking tours of the career education, audio-visual materials $115,000. To support in conjunction with Tuskegee Institute, AL; William A. Clark: County. AZ development, and language skills. ES other Federal agencies, continuation of the $5,000. To enable predominantly black and Wesleyan U., Middletown, CT; Jerome H. Northern Kentucky U., Highland Hgts; Survey of Earned Doctorates and the poor high school youth to research and Long: $2,500. To train undergraduates and William M. McKim: $45,525. To improve maintenance of the Doctorate Records File. produce a calendar showing historical con­ high school upperclassmen in oral history the writing skills of students by incor­ OP tributions of rural black citizens in the techniques and in supervising high school porating writing tasks into remedial and Old Colony "Y ", Brockton, MA; Dianne M. humanities, medicine, and business in four students in taping interviews of black regular freshman composition courses. EP Hoey: $46,909. To help low-income, inner- rural Alabama counties. AZ senior citizens to produce an oral and reli­ Penobscot Nation, Indian Island, ME; city youth produce a game/guidebook on U. of Alabama, Birmingham; Ada W. Long: gious history of black people in Middle­ Frank T. Siebert: $56,720. To compose and the history, built environment and minority $49,299. To initiate an interdisciplinary town. AZ publish a reasonably complete lexicon of and ethnic cultures of neighborhoods in course sequence in the humanities and a Wichita State U., KS; Phillip D. Thomas: the nearly extinct Penobscot Indian lan­ Brockton to further youth understanding of humanities faculty seminar to counteract $49,598. To develop and implement a pro­ guage with accurate English definitions and pride in their environment. AZ overspecialization and course fragmenta­ gram in the humanities for senior citizens and an English-Penobscot index. RT Parent Group of Wavecrest Division, tion. EP and non-traditional students. EP Polytechnic Institute of New York, Wavecrest Gardens Community Associa­ U. of Bridgeport, CT; Albert J. Schmidt: Working Women, Nat'l Assn. of Office Brooklyn; Duane K. DeVries: $37,387. To tion, Inc., Far Rockaway, NY; Nida Saleem: $37,030. To offer two interdisciplinary W orkers, Cleveland, OH; Karen B. Nuss- create a two-semester freshman writing $5,000. To introduce youth, 14-16, many of courses in the humanities and social sci­ baum: $199,953. To implement a cur­ sequence that will substitute the humani­ them Hispanic, to South American culture ences. EP riculum on the history and philosophy of ties (music, literature, etc.) for the collec­ through the examination of literature and U. of California, Berkeley; Jon C. Wagner: working women, including a course, a tion of essays and literature typically used history, field trips to museums, interviews $48,632. To develop six field-based forum, group research projects, and a cur­ in freshman English. EP with artists and researchers, and produc­ humanities courses offered as three two- riculum manual to be disseminated School District of Philadelphia, PA ; tion of interpretive media projects. AZ quarter sequences and campus colloquia through national networks of women's Rudolph Masciantonio: $58,206. To con­ Queens Botanical Garden Society, Inc., and workshops in cultural literacy. EP studies programs. AP tinue to train elementary school teachers Flushing, NY; Ferdinand J. Gerber: $5,000. U. of Chicago, Oriental Institute Museum, W RK F, Grnwell Spngs, LA; Hardee M. and secondary school English teachers To teach Queens youth how the various IL; John Carswell: $67,750. To present an Schmidt: $5,000. To develop ten 45-minute employed in Philadelphia to teach special ethnic groups to which they belong use interpretive exhibit of Islamic medieval public radio dramatizations of short "language arts through Latin" courses. ES plants so that the youth may serve as bookbinding showing the art and craft of stories, poetry, plays, and narrations for Suomi College, Hancock, MI; Laurie A. guides to the Queens Botanical Gardens for Islamic book production and the importance predominantly rural southern Louisiana Anderson: $47,919. To revise the College's other members of their ethnic groups. AZ of the Islamic book, especially the Qur'an, children, including the visually handi­ humanities curriculum and to offer a new Quinsigamond Community College, in Islamic culture. PM capped. Each program will be followed by course at three levels of student compe­ Worcester, MA; Hannah K. Laipson: U. of Colorado, Denver; William A. West: a panel discussion among selected chil­ tency in communication. EP $49,502. To develop two new courses to en­ $49,943. To plan, implement and evaluate dren. AZ Tufts U ., Medford, MA; John C. Wells: able career-oriented students to better un­ two sets of courses with interdisciplinary $5,000. To complete research and compil­ derstand the function of the humanities in study of one theme or period of time and a ing for the "Dictionary of Old German their careers and their involvement in fam­ writing seminar on advanced rhetorical Jurisprudence G lo sses." RT ily and society. EP skills. EP U. of California, Berkley; James Gray: Rutgers U., Women's Studies Institute, U. of Illinois, Urbana; Gerald M. Browne: $161,299 OR; $180,000 G&M. To continue New Brunswick, NJ; Joan N. Burstyn: $27,422. To continue development of a the "Bay Area/National Writing Project," a $35,500. To develop two interdisciplinary permanent photographic archive recording American Indian Bar Association, W ash­ national network of teacher training work­ courses for graduate students in women's ancient Egyptian papyri in all languages for ington, DC; Alan R. Parker: $17,500. To re­ shops to improve secondary school in­ studies. EP scholarly research. RC search for a workshop the effects of the struction in writing. ES St. Croix Tribal Council, Webster, WI; U. of Illinois, Urbana; Nancy A. Risser: 1934 Indian Reorganization Act on the tra­ U. of Chicago, IL; Erica Reiner: $123,557 Eugene P. Connor: $2,500. To plan a pro­ $41,522. To support a two-day regional ditional and cultural institutions of Indian OR; $123,558 G&M. To complete work on gram to broaden the knowledge of St. Croix workshop and follow-up activities for tribes. AP the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, based on Reservation youth, 13-17, of oral history, selected faculty from the 11-member uni­ Columbia U-, NYC; R. Kent Greenawalt: thousands of cuneiform tablets written in literature, cultural anthropology, and ar­ versities of the Committee for Institutional $54,337. To support a seminar for law Akkadian. RT chaeology as they relate to the St. Croix Cooperation designed to increase knowl­ teachers, "Philosophical Underpinnings of U. of Colorado, Boulder; Zygmunt Fraj- Chippewa/American Indian culture. AZ edge of career choices available to humani­ Constitutional Interpretation." FP zyngier: $22,745. To research the syntax of St. Mary's Dominican College, New Or­ ties Ph.D's. OP U. of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Donald M. simple sentence structures in Proto- leans, LA; Rose Bowen: $48,216. To modify U. of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Graham Gillmor: $10,000. To support an interdisci­ Chadic, work that will be significant to two interdisciplinary courses on humanistic Hovey: $392,705. To support a program of plinary conference and the publication of comparative Chadic studies and to the issue and material in concert with techno­ humanities fellowships for journalists. FP proceedings on the impact of the landmark larger field of African linguistics. RO logical/business course materials. EP U. of New Hampshire, Durham; Warren case, "Near v. Minnesota," on the doc­ U. of Illinois, Urbana; Constance O. Cur­ Salem College, WV; William R. Runyan: Brown: $46,205. To introduce two new trine of "no prior restraint," 14th Amend­ tin: $47,307. To develop language review $50,000. To create a new liberal arts core courses, "Humanities and the Law: The ment limitations on state power, and the packets for high school students of Ger­ program offering three thematic courses Problem of Justice in Western Civilization" concept of seditious libel. RD man, French, Russian, and Spanish for use from the Great Conversation Program dur­ and "New England Culture in Changing on microcomputers. ES ing each semester of the funding period. EP Tim es." EP U. of Maryland, College Park; Gregory A. San Francisco School Volunteers, CA; U. of South Carolina, Columbia; Jam es T. Language & Staley: $101,421. To train Maryland sec­ Georgiana S. Wardie: $84,497. To develop Allen: $48,308. To develop a three-course ondary school teachers and to develop cur­ new third-, fourth-, and sixth-grade social program comprised of critical analysis and Linguistics riculum for incorporating Latin in its his­ studies and language arts curriculum mod­ writing, an interdisciplinary senior seminar torical and cultural setting as a tool for un­ ules integrating museum collections into in the humanities and an introduction to Em ory U ., Atlanta, GA; Claire L. Gau- derstanding basic ideas and values of existing classroom curricula. ES Western civilization. EP diani: $25,991. To support a workshop to Western culture. ES Sangamon State U., Springfield, IL; U. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson; David F. bring selected foreign language faculty U. of Massachusetts, Amherst; James Richard J. Shereikis: $50,000. To develop, Channell: $20,000. To prepare a series of from colleges across the country so that Leheny: $92,269. To support an extended promote and deliver three team-taught interdisciplinary courses on the relationship geographically isolated teachers can re­ teacher institute on writing, developing interdisciplinary courses. EP between humanistic values and modern ceive intensive instruction and retraining the teachers as writers, expanding their Small Tribes Organization of Western technological society. EH in new methods of language instruction. sense of "good" expository prose, and in­ W ash., Sumner; Linda J. Littrell: $2,500. To U. of Wisconsin, Madison; Maurice J. EH volving them in various teaching methods. plan a project in which Native American el­ Meisner: $17,500. To support a visit by Em ory U ., Atlanta, GA; Lee Pederson: ES ders will impart knowledge about tradi­ Western scholars to the People's Republic $177,375 OR; $106,741 G&M. To edit the U. of New Hampshire, Durham; Thomas tional Indian culture, crafts, and legends to of China for research and study at the invi­ Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States (LAGS), R. Newkirk: $150,000. To support a Indian children and youth. AZ tation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a research project into the folk speech of three-week summer course in the teaching Society of American Archivists, Chicago, with access to libraries and archives pre­ the South from Georgia to East Texas. RT of writing for New Hampshire elementary IL; Richard H. Lytle: $10,339. To define viously closed to foreign scholars. RO Harris-Stowe State College, St. Louis, and secondary school teachers, followed criteria for evaluating automated access sys­ U. of W isconsin-Parkside, K e n o s h a ; MO; Michael Lowenstein: $26,920. To by implementation of the learned strat­ tems for archives and manuscript collec­ Thomas C. Reeves: $50,000. To test and re­ support an interdisciplinary writing in­ egies during the school year. ES tions by focusing on one aspect of the vise a new extended degree program in the struction course to improve the writing U. of Texas, Austin; Winfred P. Lehmann: problem: descriptive elements. RC culture of industrial society, designed for skills of students at this traditionally black $153,358 G&M. To produce an etymologi­ Southern Utah State College, Cedar City; persons who, because of location or work­ college. EP cal dictionary updating Sigmund Feist's Eugene T. Woolf: $49,944. To establish a ing situations, cannot attend college in the Harvard U., Cambridge, MA; Horace G. gothic Vergleichendes Worterbuch der gotis- program to provide 14 credit hours of traditional fashion. EP Lunt: $59,855. to compile a dictionary of chen Sprache. RT humanities instruction in four separate mul­ U. of Wisconsin, Madison; Charles Szabo; unconventional Russian, a reference work U. of Wisconsin, Madison; Lloyd A. Kas- tidisciplinary courses. EP $113,000 OR; $23,579 G&M. To compile a of Russian jargon, slang and popular ver­ ten: $103,712. To publish and disseminate Stanford U., CA; Lyle M. Nelson: $265,680. bibliography of Festschriften in the nacular of "unofficial Russia." RT a citational lexicon of the old Spanish lan­ To support a program of humanities fellow­ humanities for publication. RC Knox College, Galesburg, IL; Michael G. guage reflecting the earliest linguistic and ships for journalists. FP Ute Indian Tribe, Ft. Duchesne, UT; Ven- Crowell: $50,000. To enhance the writing cultural heritage of Spanish speakers S U N Y , Albany; John W. Shumaker: ita K. Taveapont: $5,000. To expose Native skills of students at the institution by pro­ throughout the world today. RT $40,105. To continue through 1980 a com­ American youth, 13-20, to the traditions, viding strong preparation in expository Virginia Wesleyan College, N o rfo lk ; prehensive program in the humanities for culture, and values of the Ute tribe. AZ writing in all disciplines. EP Harold R. Hite: $49,924. To prepare, im­ adults. EH Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN; Mississippi State U., Miss. State; Carmen plement and evaluate two freshman-year Teachers' Center at Fairfield, CT; Bena Mildred S. Friedman: $137,930. To support C. McClendon: $44,844. To support a components, "writing skills" and "frames Kallick: $5,000. To involve youth, 10-16, an interpretive exhibit and catalog on the summer institute and follow-up work­ of reference." EP with humanities scholars in the study of "De Stijl" movement which will stress shops for secondary school Spanish local and national governmental decision­ sociological and esthetic aspects and its teachers on Latin American social and making. AZ relationship to the political and social at­ political history, on oral and written Tucson Public Library, AZ; Jere Stephan: titudes of the 1920s. PM Spanish, on new methods and materials 28 continue work in a scholarly edition of the tics, economics, psychology, aesthetics, economic situations, ethnic groups and al­ works and letters of Mark Twain. RE and history by the official theoretician to ternative religious traditions in the Far U. of California, Riverside; George C. the school of Enlightenment philosophy in W est. RS Literature Peale: $13,600 G&M. To prepare the first France. RP Society of Biblical Literature, Richmond, edition of the complete theater of one of Princeton U. Press, NJ; Sanford G. VA; Douglas A. Knight: $86,715. To sup­ Spain's most important and prolific drama­ Thatcher: $3,700. To publish Kierkegaard port research for a series of monographs B row n U., Providence, RI; Barbara K. tists, Luis Velez de Guevara. RE and Christendom, an examination of the on American biblical scholarship since the Lewalski: $57,927. To support a Residen­ U. of California Press, Berkeley; William J. Danish philosopher's later work and the late 18th century in light of the cultural tial Fellowships program for College McClung: $5,900. To publish The Poems of social dimension of its worldview. RP context in which it was conducted. RO Teachers in the study of Genre—Theory the Troubador Bertran De Born, a critical edi­ Research Foundation of CUNY; Virginia U. of Massachusetts Press, A m h e rst; and the Development of Genre in the Ren­ tion of the poetry of one of the great Held: $35,498. To support a seminar for Leone Stein: $4,000. To publish G ifts of aissance. FQ Provencal poets, including an introduction law teachers, "Economic Rights: Property Power: The Life and Writings of Rebecca Cinelit Productions, NYC; Jack Willis: and historical background, a newly estab­ and Welfare." FP Jackson, with an analytical introduction of $500,000 G&M. To complete a two-hour lished Provencal text, new English transla­ Spelman College, Atlanta, GA; Diana E. the complete extant autobiographical television biography of the American tions, a glossary, and critical notes. RP Axelsen: $40,000. To support a seminar for writings of the extraordinary 19th-century novelist Edith Wharton. PN U. of Georgia Press, Athens; Paul Zimmer: medical and health-care teachers, "Con­ black preacher, visionary, and founder of a Cleveland State U., OH; David A. Rich­ $4,500. To publish Metacriticism, a study cepts of Health, Disease, and Illness: Im­ Shaker community in Philadelphia. RP ardson: $187,000 OR; $58,635 G&M. To employing literary theory and phenome­ plications for Assigning Responsibilities in U. of Massachusetts Press, A m h e rst; compile a literary encyclopedia covering nological philosophy to understand the Health-Care Delivery." FP Leone Stein: $5,800. To publish Man and the life and works of Edmund Spenser, basis of literary criticism. RP Tufts U ., Medford, MA; Norman Daniels: Polis: Contributions to a Post-Individualist 1552-1699, for teachers, scholars and gen­ U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Thadi- $44,833. To support a seminar for medical Theory of Politics, an assessment of the in­ eral readers. RT ous Davis: $9,930. To support a conference and health-care teachers, "Justice and dividual in contemporary political philos­ Delaware-Chenango BOCES, N orw ich, of literary critics, cultural historians, and Health Care Delivery." FP ophy, especially that of European NY; Timothy O. McNerney: $2,500. To film researchers to assess the contributions U. of Massachusetts Press, A m h e rst; theorists. RP plan a project in which rural upstate New of black scholars to higher education and Leone Stein: $5,000. To publish The Con­ U. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis; York youth, grades K-12, will conduct and research since 1920. RD ceptual Development of Charles S. Pierce, a Richard M. Abel: $3,000. To publish Society videotape forums with noted guest au­ U. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill; translation of Karl-Otto Apel's systematic and Religion in Elizabethan England, exam ­ thors of children's and adult literature. AZ Sandy Eisdorfer: $3,853. To publish Poetics interpretation of the intellectual contribu­ ining Anglican, Puritan, Catholic, and Fauquier County Public Schools, W arren- of ‘'The Holy": A Reading of Paradise Lost, tion of Pierce, the founder of pragmatism Separatist views of social issues from mar­ ton, VA; Thomas R. Davenport: $5,000. To which considers the unique character of and one of America's foremost philoso­ riage to funerals and the impact of social assist Fauquier County and the religious thought that distinguished phers. RP matters on the thought and social practice youth in developing a film on traditional Milton and his age, integrating the fields U. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis; Lind­ of clergy and lay leaders in Elizabethan folktales and a guide to increase apprecia­ of literary history and the history of reli­ say E. Waters: $4,278. To publish C er­ England. RP tion and understanding of them. AZ gions. RP tainty: A Refutation of Scepticism, a signifi­ U. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Robert Kent State U., OH; Paul H. Rohmann: U. Press of Kentucky, Lexington; Evalin F. cant philosophical study arguing that A. Kraft: $10,013. To create a detailed lexi­ $3,447. To publish Ormond, or The Secret Douglas: $2,500. To publish The Literary knowledge entails absolute certainty and con of ancient Jewish Greek scriptures (the Witness, the second volume in the Bicen­ Correspondence of John Peale Bishop and Allen that some of our empirical beliefs are ab­ "Septuagint"), including establishment of tennial Edition of the novels and related Tate, an annotated collection of 223 sur­ solutely certain. RP a computer-generated data base. RT works of Charles Brockden Brown, Ameri­ viving letters written between 1929-1944. U. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill; ca's first professional novelist. RP RP Lewis Bateman: $4,758. To publish Aristo­ Louisiana State U., Baton Rouge; Henry L. U. of Vermont, Burlington; Ralph H. Orth: tle and His Philosophy: A Contemporary Snyder: $124,903. To convert the Eigh­ $99,681 OR; $19,000 G&M. To continue Reading, which provides a comprehensive Social Science teenth-Century Short-Title Catalogue editing the journals and notebooks of analysis of Aristotle's work and elucidates Project, designed to identify every item Ralph Waldo Emerson. RE its underlying conceptual network for printed in England, Ireland or its colonies U. of Wisconsin Press, Madison; Thomp­ scholars and the general reader. RP Cambridge Arts Council, MA; Cynthia E. between 1701 and 1800, from its present son Webb: $3,000. To publish Dr. John Cohen: $23,100. To help teenage women manual mode of operation to a computer- Hawkesworth, 1720 — 1773: Eighteenth- collect oral histories and develop a slide/ based mode. RC Century Man of Letters, a literary biography tape presentation and a guidebook on "life Modern Language Association of Amer­ of Samuel Johnson's friend, literary editor Religion transitions and choices" among older ica, NYC; Walter S. Achtert: $96,670 OR; of the Gentleman's Magazine, author of women in Cambridge. A core group will $24,500 G&M. To complete revision of Captain Cook's "Voyages," and associate conduct discussions and training sessions Donald G. Wing's Short Title Catalogue of of David Garrick, Ben Franklin and Dr. Ancient Biblical Manuscript Center for with other youth. AZ Books Printed in England, Scotland, Wales, Charles Burney. RP Preservation & Research, Claremont, CA; Illinois Benedictine College, L isle; P a­ and British Am erica and of English Books WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, James A. Sanders: $17,500. To reproduce, tricia Fauser: $19,900. To implement an Printed in Other Countries, 1641-1700. RC MA; George Morency: $80,000 OR; $40,000 process to current archival standards, and interdisciplinary course on humanistic ap­ National Council of La Raza, Washington, G&M. To enable 10-member youth teams store in a controlled climate the negatives proaches to aging to be taught by a special DC; Guadalupe Savedra: $84,642. To de­ of diverse backgrounds to research and of the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered since consortium faculty. EH velop scripts for Project SOMOS (“We present reports, discussions, and inter­ 1947, which are rapidly deteriorating. RC Internat'l Studies in Philosophy & are"), a five-part "mini-series" for public views for 30-minute radio productions of Joseph Eliash, Oberlin, OH; $22,000. To M edicine, Chevy Chase, MD; Stuart F. television depicting the evolution of American literature and storytelling. AZ translate selections from "al-Kafi" by Ku- Spicker: $5,086. To support two sessions at Chicano consciousness through five liter­ Yale U ., New Haven, CT; Frank Brady: layni, the earliest of the four Twelver Shi'i the annual meeting of the Gerontological ary works. PN $130,000 OR; $130,000 G&M. To edit and canonical collections of tradition and the Society on (1) the role of the humanities in New York U. Press, Richard Stanley: prepare for publication Boswell's private most complete compilation of the sayings geriatric health and (2) the role of the $23,000. To publish Walt Whitman: Note­ correspondence and the working draft of of the Imams, a work of great importance humanities in long-term geriatric care in­ books and Unpublished Prose Manuscripts, his Life of Johnson, never before made pub­ to Islamic studies. RL stitutions. AP three volumes in an edition of the collected lic. RE Graduate Theological Union, B erkeley, League of Women Voters Education Fund, works of the 19th-century American poet. CA; Diane L. Choquette: $23,120. To con­ Washington, DC; Sheri B. Lanoff: $10,000. RP tinue processing various papers relating to To plan local citizen education programs Northern Illinois U., DeKalb; Martin I. the new religious groups in America and on the history, philosophy and social val­ Kallich: $14,965. To make accessible to Philosophy scholarly papers written about them to ues underlying Congressional processes scholars and lay readers interested in provide bibliographic control over the ma­ using the film "H.R. 6161, An Act of Con­ Anglo-American cultural history a sub­ terials. RC gress" and the publication "Perspectives stantial part of the poetry published in Emory U ., Atlanta, GA; John M. Palms: Jacob W. Heikkinen, Silver Spring, MD: on Congress: Performance and Prospects," Great Britain, 1763-1785, relating to the $2,100. To publish The Philosophic Ques­ $11,950. To research for a book the history both produced by the League of Women American colonies. RC tions and Answers of Hoter Ben Shlomo, a of the Suomi Synod, the Finnish Evangeli­ Voters. AP Pennsylvania State U. Press, Univ. Park; critical edition, with annotated translation cal Lutheran Church of America, 1890- Meadville Public Library, PA; Cynthia K. John M. Pickering: $2,700. To publish the and extended analytic introduction, pro­ 1962. RS Woodruff: $2,500. To support a pilot sum­ first edited and fully annotated edition of viding significant additions to scholarship Indian U., Bloomington; Kenneth R. Gros mer program for Crawford County chil­ Robert Bage's Hermsprong; or, Man as He Is in medieval philosophy and Judaeo-Arabic Louis: $943. To supplement support for dren, grades 3-6, on the historical and N ot (1796), an English ''noble savage" studies. RP the dissemination of results from the 1979 socioeconomic evolution of family life novel of significant literary, social, and Image Coop, Inc., M ontpelier, VT; "Bible as Literature" Humanities Institute. there. AZ political interest. RP Thomas C. Borrup: $5,000. To involve EH Mexican American Legal Defense and SUNY Press, Albany; Helen Ortali: Vermont youth, 5-15, in developing and New School for Social Research, NYC; Educ. Fund, San Francisco, CA; Eduardo $15,000. To publish the first six volumes of participating in workshops exploring the Allen Austill: $17,500. To present two Marenco: $5,000. To plan for research on the definitive edition of The Writings of ethical and moral lessons of popular tele­ public lecture series, 16 non-credit the negative and positive cultural influ­ fames Fenimore Cooper containing accurate vision programming and their social im­ courses, and feature films for the general ences— both Hispanic and mainstream — texts of the 19th-century New York State pact. AZ adult public on the history, religion, and which underlie the decision of foreign- novelist's work.'RP Indiana U. Press, Bloomington; Janet culture of Islam. EH born Hispanics to seek U.S. naturalization Syracuse U. Press, NY; Walda C. Metcalf: Rabinowitch: $3,750. To publish The Basic Princeton U., NJ; John F. Wilson: $40,448 or to maintain foreign citizenship. RS $3,000. To publish Popular Romanticism in Problems of Phenomenology, an annotated OR; $36,000 G&M. To edit the works of Oregon Historical Society, Portland; Bruce France: Books and 19th-Century Readers, a translation of a 1927 work by the seminal Jonathan Edwards, an important theolo­ T. Hamilton: $15,000. To research and study of the widespread influence of German philosopher Martin Heidegger in gian and philosopher of colonial times. RE prepare materials for a book on individual French literary life profiling authors, pub­ which he first began to answer problems Rhode Island Black Heritage Society, Pro­ and community experiences during and lishers, and readers of the 19th century. about the meaning of Being. RP vidence; Rowena Stewart: $5,000. To guide after the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. RS RP Interfaith Neighbors, Inc., N YC; Meg youth in studying black history and cul­ Research Foundation of SUNY, A lbany; U. of Arizona, Southwest Institute for Re­ Hertz: $5,000. To engage youth of various ture through researching, documenting, Anthony Preus: $20,000. To develop a new search on Women, Tucson; Sidonie A. ethnic backgrounds, 13--18, in film- and interpreting the evolution of pre­ course, "A History of Organized Al­ Smith: $72,574. To introduce secondary viewing and filmmaking activities de­ emancipation black spirituals as reflected truism" and redesign an existing course, English teachers in the Southwest to new signed to help them clarify and express in the records of six Rhode Island black "Ethics and Policy-The Human Services," research on women authors and images of their understanding of ethics. AZ churches. AZ both interdisciplinary and relating philos­ women in literature, especially women of Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., H ills­ Sandra S. Sizer, Palo Alto, CA: $30,500. ophy and history to the social sciences. EH the Southwest in order that they may de­ dale, NJ; Lawrence Erlbaum: $5,670. To To research for a monograph social de­ San Miguel Church, Los Angeles, CA; Joe velop new classroom materials. ES p u b lish Condillac's Major Philosophical velopments within the American Protes­ Madrid: $2,500. To plan a project involving U. of California, Berkeley; Robert H. Works, a translation of the principal writ­ tant evangelical tradition in California predominantly black and Hispanic youth Hirst: $250,000 OR; $250,000 G&M. To ings on epistemology, education, linguis­ since 1850 and its response to lifestyles, in the Los Angeles area in developing a 29 multimedia exhibit on the identity crisis Topeka; Marion Cott: $362,000 OR; $45,000 ■ 1 ^ FR Residential Fellowships experienced by the minority child. AZ G&M. FS Summer Seminars Kentucky Humanities Council, Inc., Capital letters following each grant show the FT Summer Stipends Lexington; Pat Stewart: $20,000 G&M. division and the program through which the Planning and Policy Assessment Maryland Committee for the Humanities, grant was made. OP Evaluation and Assessment Studies State Programs Baltimore; Judith O'Sullivan: $402,000 OR; Special Programs Public Programs $200,000 G&M. AD Special Projects PL Libraries New Hampshire Council for the Humani­ AP Program Development PM Museums and Historical Organizations Arkansas Endowment for the Humanities, ties, Concord; Mary S. McGowan: $5,640. AV Science, Technology and Human PN Media Little Rock; Ben N. Saltzman: $60,000 New Jersey Committee for the Humani­ Values Research Programs G&M. ties, New Brunswick; Miriam L. Murphy: AY Youthgrants RC Research Resources Georgia Committee for the Humanities, $474,000 OR; $175,000 G&M. AZ Youth Projects RD Conferences Atlanta; N. Gordon Carper: $155,750. New York Council for the Humanities, Fellowship Programs RE Editions Humanities Foundation of , NYC; Carol Groneman: $709,000 OR; FA Independent Study RL Translations Institute; Charles Daugherty: $357,403 OR; $250,000 G&M. FB Young Humanists RO Basic Research $50,000 G&M. Oregon Committee for the Humanities, FC Centers for Advanced Study RP Publications Kansas Committee for the Humanities, Portland; Richard Lewis: $371,683 OR; FF Special Fellowships Programs RS State, Local and Regional Studies $80,000 G&M. FP Professions RT Tools Editor's Notes In this issue of Humanities, which celebrates the fifteenth anniversary of the Endowment, NEH Chairman Joseph Duffey puts the agency in his­ torical perspective and concludes that the com­ bination of the Endowment's broad guidelines and its peer review process allow for constant evolution and change. Mr. Duffey reminds us of America's cultural vitality as well as its fiscal Labor and the Humanities") noted that "the limitations when he compares today's NEH humanities have become alien and divorced budget (fifty times larger) with that of fifteen Questioning the "Sartre Question” from the lives of our working people" and Leon years ago and finds that the number of worth­ Over the past several years I have watched with Stein said "Television, beer and bowling . . . while proposals continues to outpace available a great deal of satisfaction as the National En­ are no substitute for thought and history and funds. dowment for the Humanities has funded more beauty . ..." To this NEH has responded well Lawrence W. Towner, who heads Chicago's and more projects dealing with the history of with "Bread and Roses," "Threads," "Life and Newberry Library, describes the transformation working people and their institutions. I was Times in Shoe City," and Gutman's seminars. that has taken place at the Newberry and other pleased, therefore, to see Humanities discuss However, if a dose of Jean-Paul Sartre were the independent research libraries. These formerly these projects in the October issue. price of admission to a "Bread and Roses" private, closed institutions have gone public. However, the issue's lead article ("Labor exhibit, I would go bowling. Making a virtue of necessity, they have offered History and the 'Satre Question'" by Herbert —James A. Cavanaugh new programs and services to their com­ Gutman) exhibited a bit of insecurity on the part State Historical Society of Wisconsin munities and gained much-needed financial of Humanities. I had the uncomfortable feeling support. that Humanities for the benefit of the "academic Ann Russell, director of this country's only humanists" was invoking the name of a great Working People Gain "Intellectual document conservation center, describes the philosopher in order to legitimate the Endow­ Citizenship" enormous problem of deteriorating books and ment's involvement with labor projects. If Congratulations on your October issue. . . . You records. Yet she cites the growing awareness of Humanities and the humanities are to reach or­ have more than paid long neglected respect to the conservation needs as decidedly hopeful, and dinary citizens, I rather doubt your lead head­ people whose sweat and skills were the making of gamely proposes plans to preserve America's line encouraged many to read further. America; you have extended the scope of the cultural heritage. At the same time, Herbert Gutman, in an humanities to embrace all those who, despite The topics as well as the projects discussed otherwise laudable attempt to provide a context their significant presence in our human society, may well characterize the challenge to the and a framework for the study of American are somehow regularly omitted from the formal humanities in the 1980s: how to do more with labor history, also appears to be catering more studies of human institutions. less; how to preserve and stretch the resources to academics than to ordinary folk. Does it Herb Gutman refers to "slaves and poor at hand; and how to reach an ever wider public. really take Jean-Paul Sartre to tell us why free blacks, immigrant and native born wage Who would have thought that a field of in­ "changing work experiences of ordinary Ameri­ earners, male and female blue- and white-collar quiry that was just beginning to emerge when cans are central" to a discourse on "the quality workers, and union and non-union laborers." the Endowment was born would be so soon es­ or condition of being human" and does the We might—and should—add to that list: street tablished and so clearly defined as it is in The "Sartre Question" really redefine "the impor­ criminals and organized crime, illegal aliens, Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups? tant questions we should ask in studying the ward politicians, comedians, jazz musicians, Fifteen years ago, who would have believed history of dependent American social classes?" I women in the armed services, etc. that a small NEH grant to a remote North Geor­ think not. Certainly Gutman himself was Because philosophy and history—the twin gia community would help to launch Foxfire and analyzing the reactions of dependent American parents of the humanities—have traditionally a nationwide movement in learning by doing? social classes to what was done to them long be­ been the turf of the intellectuals, it was inevi­ Could anyone have guessed that the venerable fore he discovered a Sartre quote that explained table that their interests would, in the first in­ Peabody—America's oldest anthropological why he was doing what he was doing .... stance, be the personalities, the professions, museum—would seek to share its collections I heartily applaud Gutman's efforts to over­ and the prose pouring from the upper income with smaller museums across the country? In come the compartmentalization of scholarship and educated crusts of the society. Indeed, as 1965, who would have predicted that Challenge and to introduce cross-disciplinary approaches Aristotle insisted, the pursuit of philosophy and Grants, a Federal program, would be the to the study of history. Gutman's NEH seminar politics was the proper domain of the master catalyst for raising $400 million in private "Americans at Work" needs Herman Melville in class, who—of course—chose material from contributions—an outpouring of support for addition to David Brody, just as William Faulk­ their own experiences and filtered conclusions humanities institutions? ner and C. Vann Woodward are both necessary through their own personal prisms. Some of these grants were made years ago; for an understanding of the history of the Histories were the histories of rulers; drama some are as new as last August's National American South. However, the thing can be was the drama of kings and queens; literature Council meeting. Like the Endowment, they stretched too far. I would hate to think one's was belles lettres; and thinking was not really represent both continuity and change. Like our credentials as a humanist are dependent upon thinking unless it could be stated in Latin. authors, they challenge negative assumptions having one's context sanctioned by a recognized There have, of course, been histories of about the "decline of the humanities" with af­ philosopher. labor: most notably, the monumental work by firmation, hope, and positive results. Fortunately, NEH does not make this a re­ John R. Commons and associates. And there —Judith Chayes Neiman quirement. Joyce Miller ("A Union Between have been books about the philosophy of labor: 30 Selig Perlman, Frank Tannenbaum, and even with these artifacts and to make them their two pieces I have done, plus many more. But own. almost always these have been the works of I am suggesting, therefore, certain funda­ “specialists," vagrant streams somehow dis­ mentals that every college student should learn connected from the mainstream of the human, and that all of us should gladly teach: especially distinctly American, conditions. (To 1. Our students should learn how to ad­ Notes & this day, there is no work—not even one full dress absent strangers formally and at length in volume—on the history of labor in American a tone of polite debate; i.e., they should learn politics.) the conventions of scholarly writing. By bringing labor under the aegis of the 2. They should learn to distinguish between News humanities, you have not only admitted work­ sincerity and reasoned belief and to see that sin­ ing people to intellectual citizenship but have cerity is desirable in personal relationships but made it easier to understand labor—its move­ that reasoned belief is also necessary in all pub­ ments and its institution, formal and lic intellectual exchanges. informal—as an integral hunk of humanity. 3. They should learn how to proceed at NEH — Gus Tyler through those mysterious rites of passage that Assistant President, ILGWU we call the traditions and conventions of each academic discipline. NEH Publications 4. They should learn that mastery of these Copies of the new Program Announcement, More on What A College Student Should conventions means the difference between suc­ a brochure describing each of the Endowment's Learn cess and failure in college and in the profes­ grant-making programs and including a calen­ . . . Both Eugen Weber and Edwin Delattre sional world outside. dar of application deadlines and a list of names imply in their statements that . . . learning has 5. Finally, they should learn that academic and numbers for more information, have been something to do with mastering a single set of traditions are valuable in themselves. These sent to Humanities subscribers. texts that can provoke readers to aspire to ex­ rites of passage may not always lead to ethical Two other brochures describing the Chal­ cellence. Professor Weber, in particular, expres­ behavior, but they are still the best road to an lenge Grants and Summer Seminars Programs ses some dismay that colleges should have any examined life. and giving instructions for applying to those obligation to introduce students to the skills And it is the ability to examine one's life programs are available on request. Information necessary to peruse these texts. "Instruction is that moves one from the dangers of mere lit­ about 1981 Humanities Seminars for Profes­ about skills," he writes. "Education is about eracy to the potentialities of true literacy. sional School Teachers and about 1981 knowledge." I believe that Professor Weber is Higher education should be devoted to helping Humanities Institutes will be available in defining a false, potentially dangerous students achieve true literacy, for true literacy is January. dichotomy. He is also regarding both skills and a necessary condition for responsible activity in Requests for publications should be ad­ education as entities rather than as processes. a democracy. — Elaine P. Maimon dressed to NEH, Public Affairs Office, MS 351, If we are to guard against the "mere lit­ Director, Writing Program Beaver College 806 15th Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20506. eracy" that Professor Delattre warns about, higher education must play an essential role in Correction Reprints teaching students modes of inquiry as well as The photograph of a pre-medical student which Material appearing in Humanities may be presenting them with the best that has been appeared in the October issue of Humanities was freely reproduced although the editor would thought and said. Too often higher education provided by the , not the appreciate notice and copies of the reprints for p r e s e n t s students with artifacts to be admired University of Maryland, Baltimore Campus, as the Endowment's reference. rather than teaching students how to interact credited. Humanities Humanities has provocative articles by distinguished writers and scholars, in­ formation about NEH programs and projects, details of recently awarded NEH grants, discussion of vital humanities issues, Dustjackets— bibliographic es­ says, and a growing readership of people who want to know what's new in humanities scholarship, public programming, education and research. Some contributors to Humanities are: James Baldwin • Robert N. Bellah • Bruno Bettelheim • John W. Blassingame • Marshall Cohen • Joseph (Jay) Featherstone • George Barnard Forgie • Eugene D. Genovese • Barbara Haber • Dan Lacy • Robert Jay Lifton • Joyce Carol Oates • Robert E. Osgood • Leslie Howard Owens • Janice A. Radway • Jay W. Ruby • Kathryn Kish Sklar • Catharine R. Stimpson For active participants in the world of thought, Humanities is required reading! SUBSCRIBE TODAY!

31 i t U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1980 0 - 3 3 3 - 7 9 4 About the authors• • • Joseph D. Duffey is State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, An expert at using public funds to generate pri­ chairman of the Na­ serving in that post until he was named NEH vate dollars, Mr. Towner tells how "problems" tional Endowment for chairman later the same year. Page 1. become opportunities in his article on Page 3. the Humanities. A 1954 graduate of Mar­ Lawrence W. (Bill) Ann Russell is direc­ shall University in his Towner is president tor of the New Eng­ native state of West and librarian of the land Document Con­ Virginia, Mr. Duffey Newberry Library in servation Center, the was awarded a B.D- Chicago. He earned only conservation cen­ degree from Andover his Ph.D. in history at ter for books in the Newton Theological Northwestern Univer­ country. Ms. Russell School in 1958; an S.T.M. degree from Yale in sity and taught history was graduated from 1963; and a Ph.D. from the Hartford Seminary for twelve years, first Radcliffe in 1969 and in 1969. Among his academic honors are a at MIT (1950-1955), earned her Ph.D. in Rockefeller Doctoral Fellowship and a postdoc­ and later at the Col­ English literature from toral fellowship in the Society for Values in lege of William and Mary (1955-1962). Mr. Brandeis University. Before assuming her pres­ Higher Education. Founder, director and Towner was also editor of the William and Mary ent position, Ms. Russell was assistant director teacher at Hartford Seminary's Center for Urban Quarterly: A Magazine of Early American History. of the DeCordova Museum and a staff member Ethics, Mr. Duffey also taught for three years at After a fellowship year at Harvard's Center for of the Society for the Preservation of New Eng­ Yale University's Calhoun College. In 1973, Mr. the History of Liberty in America, Mr. Towner land Antiquities. An associate member of the Duffey became chief executive officer and became chief operating officer of the Newberry National Conservation Advisory Council, she spokesman for the American Association of Library where he has been credited with turn­ sketches the dimensions of the problem of con­ University Professors, a position he held until ing a virtually private research library into "the serving and preserving books, and offers a plan 1977 when he became Assistant Secretary of swinging dowager on the streets of academe." for the future in The Quiet Disaster, Page 5. In the next issue .

BLACK HISTORY: A Ten-year Perspective examines past achievements and new prospects for research, writing, and teaching the history of the black experience

SYMPOSIUM: The Humanities in American Life analyzes the report of the Rockefeller Foundation's Commission on the Humanities

STATE OF THE STATES— an overview of state programs as reflected by the tenth annual national meeting of the state committees

DUSTJACKETS— a bibliographic essay about Endowment publications in the field of women's studies

plus : more RECENT NEH GRANT AWARDS • DEADLINES FOR GRANT APPLICATIONS • and more features on NEH plans, projects and programs.

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