Pàëi Prosody: Texts and Studies
by
ânandajoti Bhikkhu
2
Table of Contents (outline)
An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon.....9 Khuddakapàñha.....61 The Dhammapada.....95 Pàràyanavagga.....215 Catubhàõavàrapàëi.....281
Table of Contents (detail)
An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon.....9
Introduction.....13
One: Scansion and Related Matters.....15 1.1 Scansion.....15 1.2 Digraphs.....16 1.3 Conventions.....16 1.4 Exceptions.....17 1.5 Conjuncts not making position.....17 1.6 Sarabhatti (svarabhakti), "broken", or partial vowels.....17 1.7 Fluidity.....18 1.8 Metrical licence.....18 1.9 Vowel changes.....19 1.10 Consonant changes.....19 1.11 Niggahãta.....20 1.12 Verses that do not scan correctly.....20 1.13 Iti, and the recitor's remarks.....20 1.14 Syllabic equivalence.....20 1.15 Resolution.....21 1.16 Replacement.....21 1.17 Symbols.....22
Two: Description of the Metres.....23 2.1 The types of metre.....23 2.2 The flexible syllabic metres, vaõõacchandas.....24 2.3 Siloka (øloka).....24 2.4 Variations.....24 2.5 Siloka periods.....25
3
2.6 Tuññhubha (Triùñubh), & Jagatã.....26 2.7 Variations.....27 2.8 Upajàti, Vaüsaññhà (Vaüèasthà), and Rucirà.....29 2.9 The measure metres, mattàchandas.....30 2.10 Vetàlãya and Opacchandasaka.....31 2.11 Mattàchandas Periods.....32 2.12 Rathoddhatà and Pupphitaggà (Puùpitàgrà).....32 2.13 âpàtalikà (a.k.a. Vegavatã).....33 2.14 Svàgatà.....34 2.15 The bar metres (gaõacchandas).....35 2.16 Old Gãti.....35 2.17 Gãti, Ariyà (âryà), and their derivatives.....36 2.18 Jagaõa (amphibrachys).....38 2.19 Hypermetres, Veóha & Gubbinã.....38 2.20 The fixed syllabic metres: vaõõacchandas.....39 2.21 Samavutta.....39 2.22 Addhasamavutta.....40 2.23 Visamavutta.....41 2.24 Lakkhaõasuttanta DN 30.....42
Three: The Mixing of Metres.....43 3.1 Introduction.....43 3.2 Tuññhubha, Jagatã and their derivatives.....43 3.3 Vetàlãya, Opacchandasaka, & âpàtalikà.....44 3.4 Siloka and other metres.....44 Conclusion.....46
Four: Index and Glossary.....47
Appendix: The Evolution of Siloka & Tuññhubha.....56
Guide to Further Study.....58
Khuddakapàñha.....61
Introduction.....63 The Text.....63 The Metre.....65 The Establishment of the Text.....67
1: Saraõagamanaü.....69 2: Dasasikkhàpadaü.....69 3: Dvattiüsàkàraü.....70 4: Kumàrapaÿhaü.....70 5: Maïgalasuttaü.....71 6. Ratanasuttaü.....73 7. Tirokuóóasuttaü.....78
4
8. Nidhikaõóasuttaü.....80 9. Mettasuttaü.....82
Complete Word Index.....85
First Line Index.....93
Index of the Metres.....94
The Dhammapada.....95
1: The Text.....97 2: Preliminaries.....98 3: The Metres.....102
1: Yamakavaggo.....107 2. Appamàdavaggo.....111 3. Cittavaggo.....113 4. Pupphavaggo.....115 5. Bàlavaggo.....117 6. Paõóitavaggo.....120 7. Arahantavaggo.....122 8. Sahassavaggo.....124 9. Pàpavaggo.....126 10. Daõóavaggo.....129 11. Jaràvaggo.....132 12. Attavaggo.....134 13. Lokavaggo.....136 14. Buddhavaggo.....138 15. Sukhavaggo.....141 16. Piyavaggo.....142 17. Kodhavaggo.....144 18. Malavaggo.....146 19. Dhammaññhavaggo.....150 20. Maggavaggo.....152 21. Pakiõõakavaggo.....155 22. Nirayavaggo.....158 23. Nàgavaggo.....160 24. Taõhàvaggo.....163 25. Bhikkhuvaggo.....169 26. Bràhmaõavaggo.....172
Dhammapada Complete Word Index.....181
Dhammapada First Line Index.....204
Index of the Metres.....213
5
Pàràyanavagga.....215
Introduction.....217 Preliminary Considerations.....219 Siloka.....224 Tuññhubha.....228
Vatthugàthà.....233 1: Ajitamàõavapucchà.....243 2: Tissametteyyamàõavapucchà.....245 3: Puõõakamàõavapucchà.....246 4: Mettagåmàõavapucchà.....248 5: Dhotakamàõavapucchà.....251 6: Upasãvamàõavapucchà.....253 7: Nandamàõavapucchà.....255 8: Hemakamàõavapucchà.....258 9: Todeyyamàõavapucchà.....259 10: Kappamàõavapucchà.....260 11: Jatukaõõãmàõavapucchà.....261 12: Bhadràvudhamàõavapucchà.....262 13: Udayamàõavapucchà.....263 14: Posàlamàõavapucchà.....265 15: Mogharàjamàõavapucchà.....266 16: Piïgiyamàõavapucchà.....267 (Pàràyanatthutigàthà).....268 (Pàràyanànugãtigàthà).....269
Shared Line Index.....275
First Line Index.....276
Catubhàõavàrapàëi.....281
1: Compositional Analysis.....283 2: Siloka.....284 3: Tuññhubha/Jagatã.....285 4: Old Gãti.....286 5: Other Metres.....287 6: Prose.....287
Pañhamakabhàõavàraü.....289 1: Saraõagamanaü.....289 2: Dasasikkhàpadàni.....289 3: Sàmaõerapaÿhaü.....290 4: Dvattiüsàkàraü.....290 5: Paccavekkhaõà.....290
6
6: Dasadhammasuttaü.....291 7: Mahàmaïgalasuttaü.....292 8. Ratanasuttaü.....294 9: Karaõãyamettasuttaü.....298 10. Khandhaparittaü.....300 11: Mettànisaüsasuttaü.....301 12: Mittànisaüsaü.....302 13. Moraparittaü.....303 14: Candaparittaü.....304 15: Suriyaparittaü.....305 16: Dhajaggaparittaü.....306
Dutiyakabhàõavàraü.....309 17: Mahàkassapattherabojjhaïgaü.....309 18: Mahàmoggallànattherabojjhaïgaü.....310 19: Mahàcundattherabojjhaïgaü.....311 20: Girimànandasuttaü.....312 21: Isigilisuttaü.....317
Atirekàni Sattasuttàni.....322 22. Dhammacakkappavattanasuttaü.....322 23: Mahàsamayasuttaü.....329 24: âlavakasuttaü.....339 25. Kasãbhàradvàjasuttaü.....342 26. Paràbhavasuttaü.....345 27. Vasalasuttaü.....348 28: Saccavibhaïgasuttaü.....352
Tatiyakabhàõavàraü.....359 29: âñànàñiyasuttaü (1).....359
Catutthakabhàõavàraü.....369 âñànàñiyasuttaü (2).....369
Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index.....379
7
8
An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
by
ânandajoti Bhikkhu (3rd Edition, 2004)
An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
10 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Acknowledgements
The idea for this book arose out of a talk I had with the English bhikkhu Ven. Paÿÿànanda, in which we discussed the struggle we had both been through at the beginning of our studies owing to the lack of a simple, comprehensive guide to Pàëi metrical composition.
Two monks who have very good knowledge of Pàëi and especially the verse texts, Ven. Paÿÿànanda and Ven. Medhaïkara, have very much helped me in preparing this work by reading it through and making a number of corrections and suggestions for improvement which have helped to clarify the presentation - without their generosity this book would be so much the poorer.
An earlier version of this work was published by Indologica Taurinensia, Official Organ of the International Association of Sanskrit Studies, Volume XXXVI. Torino (Italy), 2000.
ânandajoti Bhikkhu
Preface to the 2nd Edition (December, 2003)
In the light of the research that has gone into the work on the Medieval prosody Vuttodaya, I have made a number of significant changes in the 2nd edition of this work, mainly concerning the terminology that has been employed, which I will enumerate here:
1) I now think that the metre I previously identified as Vatta (following Warder, PM), is perhaps better identified as Siloka, which is the term used by the Buddha himself in Mahàsamayasuttanta, D. 20.
2) Following Warder in the first edition I also referred to the variations to the Siloka as Vipulà 1, Vipulà 2, etc., but I now prefer to identify them as Navipulà, Bhavipulà, etc. This is the normal way they are referred to in Indian works on the subject, and anyone interested in prosody will have to learn this terminology anyway, so it seems redundant to use a secondary set of terms.
3) In the terminology used in the 1st edition I referred to both vowels and syllables as being short & long. This risks confusion, of course, and also goes against the useful distinction made in the prosodies, where vowels are identified as short (rassa) & long (dãgha); but syllables are distinguished as light (lahu) & heavy (garu). In this edition I have therefore introduced this distinction. This also entails speaking about the weight of the syllables, rather than their length.
4) A rule in regard to the weight of the syllables was accidently omitted in the 1st edition, this is that the syllables at the end of a line should always be marked as heavy, no matter what their natural weight is. I have added this rule in here and employed it in the descriptions of the metres, and the examples.
11 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
5) In the 1st edition (again following Warder, PM), I identified the syllabic metres as akkharacchandas; I now prefer to use the term vaõõacchandas, which is more commonly found in the prosodies.
6) The metre class, following Warder, I named as aóóhasamavutta, has here been renamed as addhasamavutta, which is the form it normally has in the medieval prosodies.
7) The metre I named as Vegavatã in the 1st edition, I now think should be called âpàtalikà, which is the name found in the prosodies; Vegavatã is a fixed metre derived from âpàtalikà.
8) A correction has been made to the description of the gaõa system in the gaõacchandas metres in the Index & Glossary.
ânandajoti Bhikkhu
Preface to the 3rd Edition (May, 2004)
In this edition I have introduced a further refinement to the description of the metres, which is to mark the final syllable as é (rather than as Å, as in previous editions); this sign indicates that although the syllable may be of light or heavy weight naturally, it is nevertheless taken as heavy, and is normally pronounced as such (a light syllable being slightly drawn out at the end of a line).
(Further corrections, etc. were included while preparing the .pdf version of this work in February 2005).
ânandajoti Bhikkhu
12 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Introduction
An understanding of the basic principles underlying Pàëi metrical composition is not hard to acquire and will certainly enhance any reader's appreciation of the texts of Early Buddhism. Some of the most important and inspiring of these texts are written either wholly or mainly in verse, and even in the prose collections verse abounds. Below is a table giving estimates of the verse numbers in some of the most important collections in the Sutta Piñaka, from which we can see that that collection alone contains well over 20,000 verses (numbers are based on PTS editions except where stated, and in some cases are approximate only):
Dãghanikàya 280+ Majjhimanikàya 230+ Saüyuttanikàya 1000+ (945 in Sagàthavagga) Aïguttaranikàya 570+ Khuddhakapàñha 72 Dhammapada 423 Udàna 77 Itivuttaka 263 Suttanipàta 1149 Vimànavatthu 1291 (Ce) Petavatthu 823 (Ce) Theragàthà 1279 Therãgàthà 522 Jàtaka 6905 (Ce) Apadàna 5228 (Ce) Buddhavaüsa 960+ Cariyapiñaka 372 (Ce)
In the West in recent times much scholarly work has been produced in this field, so that it is now possible to outline the prosody of these texts with some degree of accuracy. However the difficulty the interested student faces at this point is that the studies that have been done are either too detailed for the beginner, or too narrow, being based on only one metre, or one type of metre.
In the Theravàda countries a study of Pàëi prosody has nearly always been based on the Medieval work Vuttodaya, which describes the Classical prosody fairly well, but is no guide at all to the Canonical prosody, as there are metres in the Canon that are not found in that work on the one hand; and on the other hand the ones that are described generally have different parametres.
This book therefore is an attempt to summarise, within a relatively short compass, and hopefully in a fairly straightforward way, what is so far understood about Pàëi verse composition during the canonical period. As such it relies very much on the work of previous scholars in this field such as Smith, Warder, and Norman, whose tables on usage have been consulted at every stage. However, I have also re-scanned a number of works wherever it seemed necessary to check descriptions and standardise terminology.
13 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
I have also attempted to summarise the results of monographs written by Alsdorf, Bollee, Bechert, and others.
It should be understood that this is a general study only, I have made detailed studies, which are for the more advanced student elsewhere. Significantly, it appears that even writing about "Canonical Pàëi prosody" may be slightly misleading, as the detailed studies tend to show that there was a development in the prosody even during the short period in which the material was being recited and collected; and that the various recitation (bhàõaka) traditions may have allowed slightly different parametres to the metres.
In this book I have preferred to use the Pàëi names of the metres rather than their Sanskrit equivalents, as is the more common practice in recent works on the literature. Although verse composition in Pàëi is intimately related to that of its cultural environment, it nevertheless represents a definite stage in the development of Indian verse composition. It seems reasonable then, that if our intention is to describe the metres as they appear in the Pàëi sources, that we should also designate them by their Pàëi names, and understand from the outset that these metres differ somewhat from their usage in other, or later, cultural contexts.
At the time of the composition of these verses, of course, there was nothing like the Sanskrit hegemony in cultural matters that emerged after the Canon was closed. In fact, it appears that in the period under discussion it was the vernacular cultures, of which Pàëi forms a part, that were in the forefront of cultural evolution, adopting popular or folk forms into their compositions, which were still quite fluid in structure, and which were only later classified and organised by writers on Sanskrit aesthetics. However, for the convenience of the student, in preparing this book I have provided Sanskrit equivalents for the metres (and occasionally other words) at relevant places in the book, and these and others are also noted in the glossary.
This book is divided into 4 sections: the first deals with the rules for scansion, and the exceptions that have to be taken into consideration; the second presents a description of the metres themselves; the third considers briefly the important subject of the mixing of metres; and the fourth an index and glossary, which provides definitions of all the most important terms used in the literature, and seeks to disentangle some of the confusion that exists in the terminology. In an appendix there is an attempt to trace the evolution of the two most important metres in Pàëi against the wider background of the development of Indian metrics as a whole.
For students who are new to the subject it is recommended that they first read through sections 1.1-2; 2.1-3; 2.6; 2.8-17; 2.20; & 3.1 in order to get an overview of the subject, and then try scanning some verses themselves following the examples given in the text, before re-reading in more depth in order to understand the exceptions, variations, and so on that exist.
14 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
One: Scansion and Related Matters
1.1 Scansion
In analysing Pàëi verse a syllable is considered to be light or heavy metrically. Through the alternation of light and heavy syllables it is possible to build up rhythmic structures just as it is in music.
In order to define what is a light syllable and what is a heavy syllable there are two sets of variables that have to be taken into consideration, which is whether the syllable is open or closed; and whether the vowel is short or long.
1) An open syllable is one in which a vowel is followed by another vowel, or by not more than one consonant; a closed syllable is one in which a vowel is followed by a conjunct, or by the niggahãta (ü).
2) a, i, & u, are naturally short (rassa) vowels; à, ã, & å, are naturally long (dãgha) vowels. e & o are heavy in open syllables and light in closed syllables.
An open syllable with a short vowel is light metrically. A closed syllable, or a syllable with a long vowel, is heavy metrically.
There is an additional rule that the last syllable in a line, no matter what its natural weight, is always marked as heavy; therefore the last syllable in line a below is marked as heavy in the example.
In analysis 2 signs are used to indicate weight: Û = light; Ü = heavy.
SYLLABLES
open closed short V a i u Û Ü O W variable E e o Ü Ü L S long à ã å Ü (Ü)
15 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Here is a verse from Mangalasutta of Khuddakapàñha (5: 1) together with its analysis:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 || 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Û Ü Ü Ü Ð Û Ü Ü Ü Ð Ð Ü Û Ü Û Ð Û Ü Û Ü a & b Bahå devà manussà ca, ~ mangalàni acintayuü, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 || 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ü Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Ü Ü Ü Ð Ð Ü Û Ü Û Ð Û Ü Û Ü c & d âkankhamànà sotthànaü, ~ bråhi mangalam-uttamaü.
In this verse nearly all the principles outlined in the rule can be seen:
1) a short vowel followed by another vowel = Û , b 4 2) a short vowel followed by a single consonant = Û , a 1, 5; b 2, 5, 7; c 3; d 2, 4, 5, 7 3) a short vowel followed by a conjunct consonant = Ü , a 6; b 1, 6; c 2; d 3, 6 4) a short vowel followed by niggahãta = Ü , b 8; c 8; d 8 5) a variable vowel followed by a single consonant = Ü , a 3 6) a variable vowel followed by a conjunct consonant = Ü , c 6 7) a long vowel followed by a single consonant = Ü , a 2, 4, 7; b 3; c 1, 4, 5, 7; d 1 8) the last vowel in line a, despite its natural weight, is taken as heavy
Because of the tendency in Pàëi for all syllables to be no longer than 2 measures (Û = 1 measure; Ü = 2 measures), a long vowel followed by a conjunct consonant is rare, and doesn't occur in our example. Note however that there are some words that do have a long vowel followed by a conjunct consonant, like svàkkhàta & bràhmaõa, and they do occur in verse, where they are counted as 2 morae as with a long vowel or a syllable containing a conjunct consonant.
1.2 Digraphs
In presenting Pàëi in Roman letters aspirates are indicated by digraphs (kh, gh, ch, jh, etc.) These are not to be taken as conjunct consonants, as they represent but a single sound, and are to be counted as single letters are elsewhere (indeed, in the Sinhalese, Burmese, Thai & Indian scripts in general they are normally represented by single letters). Note that ëh is also an aspirate, even though it is written with two characters in the above scripts.
1.3 Conventions
As stated above two signs are used to indicate syllabic weight, they are:
Û = light (lahu) Ü = heavy (garu)
This is the convention that is normally used in Europe, and the one employed here. However it should be noted that in Indian works on the subject just the opposite
16 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
convention normally prevails, as a straight line indicates the light syllable, and a bent one the heavy, therefore we sometimes see that Û = heavy,1 Ü = light! To avoid confusion when consulting works on metre care must be excercised to find out which convention is being employed.
1.4 Exceptions
Occasionally we come across exceptions to the normal rules of scansion:
1) Some conjuncts do not make position (i.e. they fail to make the preceding syllable heavy as expected).
2) Occasionally partial vowels (sarabhatti) are written, but have to be ignored when scanning a verse.
1.5 Conjuncts not making position
The most common conjunct that does not make position is "br", which regularly fails in this regard in the following words: "bràhmaõ-", "brahma-", "bråti" (and its present declension), & "anubråhaye". This last is particularly interesting because elsewhere "br" regularly does make position medially.
Other words that sometimes fail to make position are "tvaü", "dvàra", & "nhàtaka".
"by" (or, alternatively "vy") quite often fails in this regard also. Other cases must remain doubtful.
1.6 Sarabhatti (svarabhakti), "broken", or partial vowels
Some words contain partial vowels that normally have to be ignored when scanning a verse. They usually involve the separation of two semi-vowels; or of a semi-vowel from the aspirate, the nasal, or the sibilant. Some of the more common words containing sarabhatti are listed here (with the sarabhatti vowel in superscript):
ariya (normally to be scanned as (ÜÛ) iriyati (ÜÛÛ) cariya (ÜÛ) viriya (ÜÛ) araha (ÜÛ) kayira (ÜÛ)
1 Sometimes written in Sinhala letter editions. Note that in Devanàgarã works S = heavy, and | = light.
17 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
In illustration of sarabhatti, there is this verse from Mangalasutta (Khp 5: 10):
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Tapo ca brahmacariyaÿ-ca, ariyasaccàna' dassanaü, 1 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nibbànasacchikiriyà ca - etaü mangalam-uttamaü.
Note that sometimes these vowels must be scanned as though they were indeed full vowels, but as it is not possible to discern any rule about this, we must presume that it is due to metrical considerations (m.c. = metri causa).
From the Lakkhaõasuttanta (D. 30. 2. 9), a line in Rucirà metre2 where kariya must be scanned as containing 3 syllables:
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Sukhapphalaü kariya sukhàni vindati.
Occasionally we come across a line where the same vowel occurring in different positions must be scanned one time as sarabhatti, and the other as a full short vowel, as in Dhp 313:
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Kayiraÿ-ce kayirath' enaü ~ daëhaü enaü parakkame.
1.7 Fluidity
In verse composition it was always considered possible to use alternate forms of words according to the needs of the metre. For that reason we sometimes find unusual forms in verse e.g. daññhu (for disvà), ghàtvà (for ghàyitvà). In the nominal inflection we sometimes find forms have alternative quantities e.g. in the masculine dative & genitive plural -©naü, and the feminine ablative singular -©to etc. As these alternatives were available in the language, they were simply employed according to convenience.
1.8 Metrical licence
Besides these though, we also find many instances where words have been altered in certain ways in order to meet the needs of the metre, these can be summarised as follows:
1) Lengthening or shortening of vowels 2) Doubling or simplifying of consonants 3) Employing or dropping the niggahãta
1 For the loss of niggahãta m.c. in line b, see 1.11 below 2 For the parametres of this metre see 2.8 below
18 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
It should be pointed out that these changes cannot occur arbitarily, but only in certain positions in words, which we may summarise thus:
1) End syllables are the ones most likely to be changed 2) Medial syllables only change where there is junction (either between words in compound, or between stem and affix) 3) Rarely, initial syllables may be changed also.
1.9 Vowel changes
We quite often find in verse composition that the vowels ¨, ©, and ª, have been either lengthened or shortened m.c. End vowels are often subject to these changes, and end vowels in © in particular, indeed the lengthening of this vowel m.c. far exceeds all other cases. Occasionally vowels in medial position also undergo change, this being more common than the doubling or simplifying of consonants (which obtains the same result metrically).
The vowels e & o are variable in weight, being normally heavy in open syllables (e.g. up¹khà), and light in closed syllables (e.g. upÕkkhà). Occasionally in verse we find that these vowels must be scanned as light even in open syllables, and, as with the other vowels, this seems to occur particularly when they stand at the end of a word.
Example from Ratanasutta (Khp 6. 10f), where the last syllable in abhabbo must be scanned as light:
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Cha chàbhiñhànàni abhabbÖ kàtuü
1.10 Consonant changes
The change of niggahãta to labial -m at the end of a word (-ü > -m) is probably the most frequent in occurence in the texts of all changes that take place with the metre as the cause, but it cannot readily be illustrated as the same change also takes place in prose, where metrical considerations are not relevant, and it is therefore impossible to distiguish where the change has happened solely by reason of the metre.
Another way to change the weight of a syllable is by doubling or simplifying consonants. When a conjunct consonant is simplified it leaves an open syllable, which, provided the vowel is short, is light metrically. When a single consonant is doubled it closes the previous syllable, which then has to be scanned as heavy metrically.
In the example from Ratanasutta quoted above we can see that the double consonant in abhiññhànàni has been simplified to meet the requirements of the metre.
19 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
1.11 Niggahãta
As can be seen in 1.1 above, a short vowel followed by niggahãta -ü is heavy metrically, while if it is followed by labial -m (and then a vowel) it is light metrically. The retention of niggahãta, or the change to labial -m before a vowel was somewhat fluid even in prose in the canon. In line with our discussion in 1.8 above these alternatives may be applied according to the needs of the metre. Occasionally in verse we find that niggahãta is dropped altogether from the end of a word so as to leave the last syllable open and light. Example from Dhammapada (vs 183d):
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Etaü Buddhàna' sàsanaü (= Etaü Buddhànaü sàsanaü).
1.12 Verses that do not scan correctly
It may come as a surprise that when so many changes are considered to be permissible, quite often the expected change does not in fact take place, even in cases where it appears to be easy to do so, and the metre is simply left "wrong" according to the norms that otherwise prevail.
1.13 Iti, and the recitor's remarks
It should be noted here that the quotation marker "iti", when it occurs at the end of a verse is normally considered as outside the metre (cases where it may need to be counted as inside the metre metri causa in order to make a line scan remain doubtful). Note however that iti sometimes occurs as an integral part of a verse, and the syllables are then counted as normal.
A similar phenomenon is the case of the so-called "recitor's remarks" (e.g. "iti Dhaniyo Gopo", Sn 1:2 vs 1 (vs 18), and see GD II, pg 137 for references), which are also outside the metre, and are presumed to have been added in by the recitor in order to clarify the context.
1.14 Syllabic equivalence
In canonical Pàëi metrics it is clear that an equivalence was felt in the relationship between light and heavy syllables, so that to all intents and purposes 2 light syllables = 1 heavy (i.e. ÛÛ = Ü ). This has given rise to two complimentary phenomena which may be seen in composition:
1) the resolution of one heavy (or presumed heavy) syllable into two light syllables: Ü > ÛÛ
2) the replacement of two light (or presumed light) syllables by one heavy one: ÛÛ > Ü
20 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
1.15 Resolution
The resolution of a heavy (or presumed heavy), syllable into two light syllables is a common feature of verse composition. The first syllable of any line is particularly susceptible to this treatment, but resolution is found mid-line also.
It appears however that resolution is only allowed in regard to the first two syllables of a word (including words that appear as the second half of a compound, or after a prefix). The only exception to this seems to exist in regard to the negative particle "na", which sometimes forms the first half of a resolved syllable, perhaps because of the close syntactical relationship it has to the word it modifies.
This "rule of resolution", as we may call it, can help in identifying the underlying structure in lines of verse that are hypermetric (i.e. lines in which there are syllables additional to the normal metre), and we can thereby correctly identify the variation in a Siloka prior line, or the gaõa structure in the bar metres (this will be illustrated later in the book, see 2.4 & 2.15). It may be noted here that the author of Buddhavaüsa seems to have been a master of the art of resolution, as that text abounds in this particular feature.
1st example from Buddhavaüsa Sumedhakathà vs 46 (A Siloka verse - normally 8 syllables long - showing resolution of the 4th syllable in line c, resolution of the 6th in line e, and resolution of the 1st in line f):
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ab Aniññhite mamokàse, Dãpaïkaro Mahàmuni,
ÛÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ cd Catåhi satasahassehi jaëabhiÿÿehi tàdihi,
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ef Khãõàsavehi vimalehi pañipajji aÿjasaü jino.
Further example from the Vatthugàthà to Pàràyanavagga (Sn 995, a Tuññhubha line), where it will be seen that resolution sometimes can occur twice within the same line:
ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ katamamhi và janapade lokanàtho ?
1.16 Replacement
The compliment to resolution is when two light (or presumed light) syllables are replaced by one heavy one. This is seen much less frequently though than resolution. It should be noticed that there is a compliment to the rule of resolution when replacement takes place, as it always occurs after a word break, which shows that it is the first two syllables of a word that are presumed to be light. I call this the rule of replacement.
21 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Example from Pàràyanavagga of Suttanipàta, (1068cd) 1 (Tuññhubha lines, normally 11 syllables to the line, the (presumed) light 6th & 7th syllables in both lines have been replaced by one heavy one):
ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ Etaü viditvà sango ti loke, ÛÜÛÜÐÛ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ bhavàbhavàya mà kàsi taõhan-ti.2
1.17 Symbols
In the descriptions that follow these conventions are used:
Û = a light syllable Ü = a heavy syllable Å = light or heavy é = the syllable may be naturally light or heavy, but it is always taken as heavy È = one heavy or two light syllables É = one light or one heavy or two light syllables Ú = one light, one heavy & one light, or two heavy syllables ÅÛØ = two light syllables & one heavy, or one heavy & two light syllables Sarabhatti vowels are normally written in superscript e.g. ariya
Resolution is indicated by underlining thus: ÛÛ
A single vertical line Ð marks off the main structural segments within a line (the opening, the break, & the cadence). 3
In the metrical markings above the verses in the Siloka metre the pàdas (lines) are separated by a double vertical line thus: ÐÐ .
1 Verse numbers when quoted in this form refer to the PTS editions of the texts as these are the ones most likely to be available to readers of this book, but the text of the verses may not always correspond to those editions, as many of the texts quoted herein have been established by the present author by comparing the Sinhalese, Burmese, Thai, and European editions. 2 Note that the quotation marker at the end of the line is outside of the metre, as discussed in 1.13 above. 3 Note that sometimes in the literature on the subject segments and pàdayugas are separated by the use of a comma.
22 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Two: Description of the Metres
2.1 The types of metre
In most metres a verse (gàthà) is made up of 4 lines (pàda), though sometimes we find verses with 6 lines, or more rarely 5. Pàëi metres are constructed according to the amount of syllables or measures there are in the line, and the patterns that are made through the alternation of the light and heavy syllables.
The metres can be divided into two main types according to their method of construction, in outline they are:
1) The syllabic metres (vaõõacchandas) 2) The measure metres (mattàchandas)
We can usefully divide these into two further groups, according to the specific basis for their construction, numbers 1 and 4 below are syllabic metres, further divided according to whether their syllables are flexible or fixed; numbers 2 and 3 are types of measure metres, according to whether they have been further organized into bars or not.1 We then have four main groups:
1) The flexible syllabic metres, e.g. Siloka, Tuññhubha, Jagatã 2) The measure metres, e.g. Vetàlãya, Opacchandasaka, & âpàtalikà 3) The bar metres, e.g. Gãti, Ariyà, Gubbinã 4) The fixed syllabic metres, e.g. Upajàti, Rathoddhatà, Uggatà
In the flexible syllabic metres it is the number of syllables that make up a line that is the organizing principle, e.g. Siloka has 8 syllables to the line, Tuññhubha 11, & Jagatã 12. Variations are allowed in regard to the weight of a numbers of the syllables in these metres (the various patterns that can occur are discussed in the descriptions that follow).
In the measure metres the syllables may vary in amount, but the total amount of measures should remain fixed (Û = 1 measure, Ü = 2 measures), e.g. Vetàlãya has 14 measures (mattà) in the 1st & 3rd lines, and 16 in the 2nd & 4th; Opacchandasaka 16 in the 1st & 3rd, 18 in the 2nd & 4th; âpàtalikà has the same mattà count as Vetàlãya, but the cadence is different.
In the bar metres a secondary organising principle is employed over and above that of counting the measures, which is to organize the syllables into bars (gaõas), normally of 4 measures to the bar. e.g. Ariya has 16 bars, with 30 measures in its 1st line, and 27 in the second; Gãti has 16 bars, with 30 measures in both lines (how these figures are arrived at will be explained below).
1 The metre types are listed in order of their historical emergence.
23 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
In the fixed metres virtually all of the syllables in the lines are of fixed quantity, with normally only the weight of the beginning and end syllables being variable, e.g. Upajàti is a fixed form of the Tuññhubha metre, having 11 syllables to the line; Vaüsaññhà is a fixed form of Jagatã, having 12 syllables to the line.
After this brief outline of the different structural principles involved we can examine the metres in more depth.
2.2 The flexible syllabic metres, vaõõacchandas (varõacchandas) type 1 (a.k.a. akkharacchandas [Skt: akùaracchandas])
In these the line length is determined by the number of syllables there are in a line, e.g. Siloka normally has 8; Tuññhubha 11; Jagatã 12. These metres have a more or less fixed cadence (i.e. the closing rhythm of a line), but allow a greater freedom in the rest of the line, in which they differ from vaõõacchandas type 2. The syllabic metres are the most common type found in the canon.
2.3 Siloka (øloka) a.k.a. Vatta (Vaktra) & Anuññhubha (Anuùñubh)
The most important and prevalent metre in canonical Pàëi is the Siloka, which has a great deal of flexibility, and seems to be equally well adapted to aphorism, question & answer, narrative, and epic.
A Siloka verse normally consists of 4 lines (sometimes 6, rarely 5) with 8 syllables to the line, organised in dissimilar pairs which are repeated to make up a verse (note that owing to resolution sometimes a Siloka line may contain 9 syllables).
Here is an analysis of the pathyà structure of the Siloka:
Odd (prior) line: ÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÜé Even (posterior) line: ÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÛé (x 2)
In the 2nd & 3rd positions two successive light syllables ÛÛ are normally avoided, as we can see through occasional changes of syllabic weight in words that occur in these positions. However, there appear to be texts (e.g. Dhammapada) in which this rule is not always applied.
2.4 Variations
The cadence at the end of the even lines ÛÜÛé is very well established and normally adhered to, but occasionally other patterns show up in this position, like ÛÜÜé, which may be a pathyà odd line in even position. Others cadences are probably always corrupt.
24 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
In the odd lines 7 variations (vipulà) occur, besides the normal structure, they are:
a.k.a. javipulà ÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÛé Anuññhubha navipulà ÉÜÅÜÐÛÛÛé 1st vipulà bhavipulà ÉÜÅÜÐÜÛÛé 2nd vipulà mavipulà ÉÜÅÜÐÜÜÜé 3rd vipulà ravipulà ÉÅÅÅÐÜÛÜé 4th vipulà savipulà ÉÅÅÅÐÛÛÜé 5th vipulà tavipulà ÉÜÛÜÐÜÜÛé 6th vipulà (very sporodic)
There is normally a caesura (word break) after the fifth syllable in the mavipulà, and after the fourth syllable in the ravipulà.
Occasionally other patterns show up in the opening of the na - and bha-vipulàs such as ÅÛÜÜ, but only rarely. As can be seen in the descriptions above, resolution of the first syllable is quite common and acceptable. The 6th & 4th are occasionally resolved, and apparently the 3rd, 5th, & 7th can be also, but not the 2nd or the 8th. By applying the rule of resolution described in 1.15 above, it is possible to help identify the underlying structure of a vipulà, take the case of an odd line showing the following structure:
ÅÜÛÜÛÛÛÜé if the caesura occurs after the fourth syllable, it is ravipulà:
ÅÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÜé if the caesura occurs after the 5th syllable, it is pathyà:
ÅÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÜé
2.5 Siloka periods
The Siloka metre in the Canon can be divided roughly into two periods, the early and the late, according to whether the Anuññhubha variation occurs in the prior lines, or whether it is normally avoided. In the early period the pathyà accounts for about 60% or more of the prior lines, and the Anuññhubha at that time is the most important variation accounting for about 15%. As the metre comes closer to its Classical form in the later part of the Canon the Anuññhubha occurs only sporadically, and the pathyà greatly predominates, sometimes accounting for as much as 85% of all the lines (for more on the development of the Siloka, see the Appendix).
An interesting comparison is afforded between the early Siloka of the questions and answers in Pàràyanavagga of Suttanipàta, and the late Siloka of the Introductory Verses (Vatthugàthà). We may note here that in Hemakamàõavàpucchà (Sn V:8) (vs 1084 ff) we may have a case of the Anuññhubha being used as an independent metre in the Canon, but as it is only 4 vs long it is too short to be sure.
25 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Early Siloka from Jatukaõõãmàõavapucchà (Sn V: 12) (vs 1098-99):
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà Kàmesu vinaya gedhaü, nekkhammaü daññhu khemato, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Pathyà uggahãtaü nirattaü và mà te vijjittha kiÿcanaü.
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Pathyà Yaü pubbe taü visosehi, pacchà te màhu kiÿcanaü. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha Majjhe ce no gahessasi upasanto carissasi.
Late Siloka (Sn V vs 1-3) (vs 976-978), narrative style:
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Pathyà Kosalànaü purà rammà agamà Dakkhiõàpathaü ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà àkiÿcaÿÿaü patthayàno, bràhmaõo mantapàragå.
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà So Assakassa visaye, Aëakassa samàsane, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Pathyà vasã Godhàvarãkåle uÿchena ca phalena ca.
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Pathyà Tasseva upanissàya gàmo ca vipulo ahå, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Pathyà tato jàtena àyena mahàyaÿÿam-akappayi.
2.6 Tuññhubha (Triùñubh), & Jagatã
Tuññhubha in the Canon occurs in basically three forms. In the early period Tuññhubha verses are used in the main independently. Only occasionally do we find Jagatã lines in the early verses, and then only as an expedient, as it were. 1 Later in the middle period we find that these two metres are frequently intermixed in composition, and at that point we might better describe the metre as being Tuññhubha-Jagatã. Later still these metres are replaced by their Classical counterparts Upajàti and Vaüsaññhà (described in 2.8 below).
As the variations that occur in the one also occur in the other, we can take the two metres together for description.
1 The last two sections of Suttanipàta are considered to contain some of the earliest texts in the canon. And in the first of these books, Aññhakavagga (Sn IV), there are only 4 Jagatã lines among nearly 400 lines of Tuññhubha (there is also one Jagatã verse, no 836). In Pàràyanavagga (Sn V), the Jagatã lines amount to approx 7% of the lines in the Tuññhubha verses.
26 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Tuññhubha normally has 11 syllables to the line, and is defined thus:
ÉÜÛÜÐÅÛÅÐÜÛÜé
Jagatã is similar, but has an extra light syllable in penultimate position, giving a line of 12 syllables, thus:
ÉÜÛÜÐÅÛÅÐÜÛÜÛé
2.7 Variations
The normal opening in both metres is described as being ÅÜÛÜ , but there are a significant number of occasions when variations are seen (especially in the early period), the most common being ÅÜÜÜ (the so-called Vedic opening), but also we come across ÅÜÛÛ, ÅÛÜÜ & ÜÛÛÜ. Others occur only very rarely.
In the break (syllables 5-7) the pattern ÜÛÛ prevails (85% approx), with resolution occasionally giving ,ÛÛÛÛ. Other patterns that occur in this position are ÛÛÜ, ÜÛÜ, & ÛÛÛ. Rarely we also find the patterns ÜÜÛ and ÛÜÛ, so that the 6th syllable, though normally regarded as light, may occasionally be heavy.
Sometimes an extended form is produced by resolution at the first syllable, which then gives a line of 12 (13) syllables - note that the pattern of the cadence will help identify the metre in these cases.
Another extended form may be produced by a line having a caesura at the 5th syllable, and restarting from the same syllable, giving the line:
5 & 5 ÅÜÛÜÐÜ,ÉÛÅÐÜÛÜ(Û)é
Occasionally replacement takes place, whereby two light syllables are presumed in the 6th & 7th positions, and replaced by one heavy one. The line then has one syllable less than expected (see 1: 16 above for an example):
6 & 7 ÉÜÛÜÐÜÜÐÜÛÜ(Û)é
Examples: early Tuññhubha, Khaggavisàõasutta Sn I:3; the "Aññhaka" suttas Sn IV:2-5; and the Tuññhubha verses in Pàràyanavagga Sn V. The second of the extended forms described above is used extensively in the Vatthugàthà to Nàlakasutta Sn III:11 (vs 679ff). Late Tuññhubha tends to conform to the fixed patterns that emerged during this time and which are described below (for more on the development of the Tuññhubha, see the Appendix).
27 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Example of early Tuññhubha from Guhaññhakasutta (Sn IV: 2) (vs 776-779):
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Passàmi loke pariphandamànaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ pajaü imaü taõhàgataü bhavesu, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ hãnà narà maccumukhe lapanti - ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ avãtataõhàse bhavàbhavesu.
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Mamàyite passatha phandamàne, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ macche va appodake khãõasote, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etam-pi disvà amamo careyya, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhavesu àsattim-akubbamàno.
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Ubhosu antesu vineyya chandaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ phassaü pariÿÿàya anànugiddho, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yad-attagarahã tad-akubbamàno: ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na lippatã diññhasutesu dhãro.
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Saÿÿaü pariÿÿà vitareyya oghaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ pariggahesu muni nopalitto, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ abbåëhasallo caraü appamatto, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ nàsiüsatã lokaü imaü paraõ-cà ti.
Mixed Tuññhubhajagatã, from Ratanasutta (Khp 6:8):
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã Yathindakhãlo pañhaviü sito siyà ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã catubbhi vàtehi asampakampiyo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha tathåpamaü sappurisaü vadàmi, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yo ariyasaccàni avecca passati - ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha idam-pi Sanghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha etena saccena suvatthi hotu!
28 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Extended Tuññhubha, from Nàlakasutta (Sn III: 11) (vs 679-680):
ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ânandajàte tidasagaõe patãte ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sakkacca Indaü sucivasane ca deve, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dussaü gahetvà atiriva thomayante ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Asito isi addassa divàvihàre. 1
ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Disvàna deve muditamane udagge, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ cittiükaritvà idam-avocàsi tattha: 2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Kiü devasangho atiriva kalyaråpo? ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Dussaü gahetvà bhamayatha kiü pañicca?
2.8 Upajàti, Vaüsaññhà (Vaüèasthà), and Rucirà
These are the fixed metres in the Canon that have been derived from Tuññhubha and Jagatã, their profile looks like this: i) Upajàti (from Tuññhubha):
ÅÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜé ii) Vaüsaññhà (from Jagatã):
ÅÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛé
As can be seen these are the "normal" forms of their respective metres, but now allowing only little flexibility.
iii) Rucirà (from Jagatã, with resolution of the 5th syllable, giving a 13 syllable line):
ÅÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛé
Examples: Upajàti and Vaüsaññhà are used to great effect, both mixed and independently in Tàlaputta's gàthàs Th 1091-1145. Vaüsaññhà and Rucirà both appear as independent metres in Lakkhaõasuttanta DN.30 (see 2.24)
1 1st syllable is resolved, 4th syllable is short, we might have expected to find a reading isã 2 Perhaps we should understand avÖcƒsi m.c.
29 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Example Upajàti/Vaüsaññhà, Th 1091-2:
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti Kadà nuhaü pabbatakandaràsu, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti ekàkiyo addutiyo vihassaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti aniccato sabbabhavaü vipassaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà taü me idaü taü nu kadà bhavissati?
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà Kadà nuhaü bhinnapañandharo muni, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà kàsàvavattho amamo niràsayo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti ràgaÿ-ca dosaÿ-ca tatheva mohaü ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti hantvà, sukhã pavanagato vihassaü? 1
Rucirà from Lakkhaõasuttanta (D. 30. 2. 9):
ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Na pàõinà na ca pana daõóaleóóunà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ satthena và maraõavadhena và puna, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ ubbàdhanàyà paritajjanàya và, 2 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ na heñhayã janatam-aheñhako ahu. ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Teneva so sugatim-upecca modati ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sukhapphalaü kariya3 sukhàni vindati.
2.9 The measure metres, mattàchandas (màtràcchandas)
These metres have a different method of organising the line: not by counting the syllables, but according to the total number of measures (mattà) there are in a line. In these metres a light syllable is counted as one measure, and a heavy one as two, and it is therefore possible to determine the exact amount of measures there are in a line. When this is done of course the syllabic count will vary.
1 Showing resolution of the 5th syllable 2 This is an Upajàti line 3 Reading kariya as having 3 syllables
30 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
What distinguishes the various metres that exist in this class is two things: the number of measures, and the pattern of the cadence. The openings are variable, but come in groups of 2 mattàs. The odd lines having 3 such groups (i.e ÈÈÈ), the even 4 (i.e. ÈÈÈÈ). The most common forms are outlined below.
Note that a syllable at the end of the line is normally counted as two mattà whether it is heavy or not, a light syllable counted in this way is called pàdantagaru.
2.10 Vetàlãya and Opacchandasaka (Vaitàlãya and Aupacchandasaka)
The first of these metres, Vetàlãya, has 14 measures in the odd lines, and 16 in the even, with the cadence at the end of each line being ÐÜÛÜÛé.
Opacchandasaka, the second of the metres, has 16 measures in the odd lines, and 18 in the even. The cadence is similar to Vetàlãya, but with an extra heavy syllable in penultimate position ÐÜÛÜÛÜé.
The most common forms of the odd lines are:
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ(Ü)é ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ(Ü)é ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛ(Ü)é
The most common forms of the even lines:
ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ(Ü)é ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ(Ü)é ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ(Ü)é with occasional resolution of a heavy syllable giving rise to other patterns in the opening. Through syncopation of syllables in adjacent groups we occasionally find different patterns in the opening of the prior lines, so that sometimes:
ÜÜÛÛ > ÜÛÜÛ ÛÛÜÛÛ > ÛÜÛÛÛ ÛÛÜÜ > ÛÜÛÜ etc.
Occasionally we find a light syllable at the beginning of the line, which must be counted as heavy in order to complete the mattà count (this we may call pàdàdigaru, in compliment to pàdantagaru).
Examples: Vetàlãya, Dhp 15-18, 235-238; Subhà Jãvakambavanikà's gàthàs Thã 367- 399; Jaràsutta Sn IV:6
Opacchandasaka, Uragasutta Sn I:1; Cundasutta Sn 1:5; Kàtiyàna's gàthàs Th 411- 416.
31 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Vetàlãya example from Jaràsutta (Sn IV:6) (vs 804):
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Appaü vata jãvitaü idaü, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ oraü vassasatà pi miyyati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ yo ce pi aticca jãvati ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ atha kho so jarasà pi miyyati.
Opacchandasaka example from Kàtiyàna's gàthà (Th 412):
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Sayathà pi mahàsamuddavego ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ evaü jàtijaràtivattate taü, ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ sÖ karohi sudãpam-attano tvaü, 1 ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ na hi tàõaü tava vijjateva aÿÿaü.
2.11 Mattàchandas Periods
It should be noted that in the early texts the most common opening of the odd lines in Vetàlãya is ÜÜÛÛ. In the later period this falls back considerably with the other variations, notably ÛÛÜÛÛ showing a marked increase; also in the later period the syncopated forms almost come to an end, and runs of light syllables start to appear.
2.12 Rathoddhatà and Pupphitaggà (Puùpitàgrà)
These are the two fixed metres derived from the above.
Rathoddhatà (a Vetàlãya even pàda):
¼ÛÜÛÈÛÐÜÛÜÛé(x4)
Similarly Pupphitaggà (from Opacchandasaka) in the Canon is still somewhat flexible:
ÈÈÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜé ÈÈÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜé (x2) with occasional resolution of a heavy syllable elsewhere. In its post-canonical form the opening of the first line was fixed as ÛÛÛÛÛÛ and the second as ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛ.
1 Reading sÖ as short to give the correct opening
32 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
In both of these metres the fixed forms have unusual variations in the openings, the latter especially showing the Classical period's fondness for runs of light syllables.
Examples: Rathoddhatà, early: Gotama's gàthàs Th 258-260; Ambapàlã's gàthàs Thã 252-270; late: Kuõàla Jàtaka Ja 536. Both metres are used independently in Lakkhaõasuttanta D.30.
Rathoddhatà example Ambapàlã's gàthà (Thã 256):
ÜÛÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Cittakàrasukatà va lekhità, ÜÛÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sobhate su bhamukà pure mama, ÜÛÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ tà jaràya valihã palambità, ÜÛÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ saccavàdivacanaü anaÿÿathà.
Pupphitaggà example from Lakkhaõasuttanta (D. 30. 1. 12):
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Tihi purisavaraggalakkhaõehi1 ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ cirayapanàya kumàram-àdisanti. ÛÛÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Bhavati yadi gihã ciraü yapeti, ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ ciratarapabbajatã yadã tato hi, ÜÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ yàpayati vasiddhibhàvanàya, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ iti dãghàyukatàya tan-nimittan-ti
2.13 âpàtalikà (a.k.a. Vegavatã)
This metre has 14 measures in the odd lines, and 16 in the even, as with Vetàlãya, but with a different cadence: ÜÛÛÜé. In the Canon the most common forms of the odd lines:
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜé ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜé
1 The text here is based on K.R. Norman's reconstruction in The metres of the Lakkhaõa- suttanta (II). CP IV, pgs 36ff.
33 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
the even lines:
ÜÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜé ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜé
We sometimes find syncopation producing different patterns in the opening of these lines.
When it attains to its Classical form, it is then known as Vegavatã, and is restricted to:
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜé ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜé (x2)
Examples: Kokàliyasutta (part) Sn III:10; Vangãsa's gàthàs (pt) Th 1214 - 1222, the latter gàthàs being mixed with Vetàlãya.
Example from Kokàliyasutta (Sn III:10) (vs 673):
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ Asipattavanaü pana tiõhaü, ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ taü pavisanti samacchidagattà, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ jivhaü baëisena gahetvà, ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ àracayàracayà vihananti.
2.14 Svàgatà
In the Canon this metre has two dissimilar lines repeated to make up a verse, and the structure was still quite fluid:
Svàgatà odd lines:
ÜÛÜÛÐÜÜÈé ÜÛÛÜÐÜÜÈé
Svàgatà even lines:
ÜÛÜÛÜÐÜÈÜé ÜÛÛÜÜÐÜÈÜé
Note how close this is to âpàtalikà at this stage. In the later period however the even line is fixed and repeated four times, so that the structure is then defined as:
ÜÛÜÛÈÐÜÛÛÜé (x 4)
34 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Examples: early, Mahàsamayasuttanta DN. 20 vs 3 (quoted below as the example); late: Jàtakanidànakathà vs 291.
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÛÜ "Chetvà1 khilaü chetvà palighaü, ÜÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ indakhãlam-åhacca-m-anejà, ÜÛÜÛÐÜÜÛÛÜ te caranti suddhà vimalà, ÜÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ Cakkhumatà dantà susunàgà" ti.
2.15 The bar metres (gaõacchandas)
Once a measure count was established, it was not long before a second structural principle was introduced, which was to organise the lines into bars, or gaõas, normally having 4 measures to the bar, which may therefore take one of the following forms:
ÜÜ or ÛÜÛ or ÛÛÜ or ÜÛÛ or ÛÛÛÛ
The rhythm of these metres is defined by the alternation of two rhythmic structures:
ÈÜÐÛÜÛ
In the descriptions that follow it should be borne in mind that resolution of a heavy syllable was always deemed acceptable, which means that any of the first three alternatives outlined above may appear as ÛÛÛÛ. By applying the rule of resolution discussed in 1.15 above it is possible to identify the underlying structure, thus: Û,ÛÛÛ = ÛÜÛ with resolution; ,ÛÛÛÛ = ÜÛÛ ; ÛÛ,ÛÛ = ÛÛÜ. (Of course there would have to be double resolution for it to equal ÜÜ).
2.16 Old Gãti
This appears to be the earliest of the bar metres, and indeed, is most probably a transitional metre between mattàcchandas and gaõacchandas metres. There are two structures to the metre: the first is the normal form; the second is an extended form, which after the word break, restarts with a full gaõa, thus:
Normal structure:
ÉÜÐÚÐÈÜÐÅ,ÜÅÐÈÜÐÚÐÈÜÐé (x 2)
Extended structure:
ÉÜÐÚÐÈÜÐÅ,ÈÜÐÈÜÐÚÐÈÜÐé (x 2)
1 For this line to scan correctly we need to read Chetva here.
35 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
In the 2nd and 6th gaõas the pattern ÈÜ sometimes occurs, but ÜÛÛ is very rare in any gaõa. The opening gaõa quite frequently looks like this: ÛÜ ; in this case we have to count the initial syllable as heavy (pàdàdigaru) to make up the mattà count (cf. 2.10 above). In the normal form we sometimes find that the 4th gaõa looks like this: Û,Ü ; in this case we have to count the light syllable, which occurs at the end of the first half of the pàdayuga as heavy (pàdantagaru), as in the measure metres. With the extended form cf. the extended Tuññhubha, 2.7 above.
Examples: Mettàsutta Khp 9; Tuvañakasutta Sn IV:14; Vangãsa's gàthàs (part) Th 1242- 1245; Upàlisutta MN:56
Example from Tuvañakasutta (vs 922-3):
ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ,ÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ pàdantagaru ßCakkhåhi neva lolassa, gàmakathàya àvarayÕ sotaü, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÛÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ pàdàdigaru + resolution rase ca nànugijjheyya, na ca mamàyetha kiÿci lokasmiü. ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÜÜÐÛ,ÛÛÜÐÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ extended + resolution Phassena yadà phuññhassa paridevaü bhikkhu na karÕyya kuhiÿci, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ pàdàdigaru + normal break bhavaÿ-ca nàbhijappeyya, bheravesu ca na sampavedheyya.
2.17 Gãti, Ariyà (âryà), and their derivatives
In the gaõacchandas metres in the Pàëi canon, there are two structures to the pàdayuga (pair of lines), they are:
Gaõacchandas 1st pàdayuga:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ÈÈÐÚÐÈÈÐÚÐÈÈÐÚÐÈÈÐé
Gaõacchandas 2nd pàdayuga:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ÈÈÐÚÐÈÈÐÚÐÈÈÐÛÐÈÈÐé
Note that ÜÛÛ is very rarely found in any gaõa.
The only difference between the two pàdayugas lies in the 6th gaõa.
Ariyà, which is the most common metre in this class, has the first pàdayuga described above followed by the second, this gives a mattà count of 30 + 27.
Examples: Isidàsã's gàthàs Thã 400 - 447, and Sumedhà's gàthàs Thã 448 -522
36 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Example Thã 458-9:
ÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛÜÛ,ÐÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ Kiü bhavagatena abhinanditena, kàyakalinà asàrena? 1 ÛÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÐÜÜÐÜ Bhavataõhàya nirodhà, anujànatha pabbajissàmi.
ÜÜÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ Buddhànaü uppàdo, vivajjito akkhaõo khaõo laddho, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÐÜÜÐÜ sãlàni brahmacariyaü yàvajjãvaü na dåseyyaü.
The next three metres are much less common:
Gãti has the first pàdayuga repeated to make up a verse, mattà = 30 + 30.
Example: Paripuõõaka's gàthà Th 91:
ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ Na tathàmataü satarasaü suddhannaü yaü mayajja paribhuttaü, ÛÛÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÜÛ,ÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ aparimitàdassina Gotamena Buddhena desito Dhammo. 2
Uggãti has the second pàdayuga followed by the first, mattà = 27 + 30.
Example: the last of Vijitasena's gàthàs Th 359:
ÛÛÜÜÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÐÜÜÐÛÐÜÜÐÜ Satiyà taü nibhandhissaü, 3 payatatto vo damessàmi, ÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ viriyadhuraniggahãto, na-y-ito dåraü gamissase citta!
Upagãti has the second pàdayuga repeated, mattà = 27 + 27.
Example: Gotama's gàthàs 587, 588, & 591, the latter being mixed with Siloka.
ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÜÜÐÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÐÜÜÐÜ Mittaü idha kalyàõaü, sikkhàvipulaü samàdànaü, ÜÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÐÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ sussàsà ca garånaü: etaü samaõassa pañiråpaü. (Th 588)
Other gaõacchandas variations, including pàdayugas with a full last gaõa (giving a mattà count of 32), are not found in the canon.
1 Note that this pàdayuga is a variation (vipulà), lacking the expected word break after the 3rd gaõa. 2 Again this line is a variation. 3 This line as it stands reads as Siloka, a not uncommon phenomena in gaõacchandas verses. If we read Satiyà ta' nibhandhissaü, that would give a correct Uggãti line.
37 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
2.18 Jagaõa (amphibrachys)
In these metres the gaõa pattern ÛÜÛ is normally found only in the even gaõas, and occurs in roughly half of the 2nd & 4th gaõas, and virtually always in the 6th (where appropriate), so that its inclusion there appears to be the rule.
2.19 Hypermetres, Veóha & Gubbinã
Only two examples of gaõacchandas hypermetre have been found in the Canon so far, they are Veóha and Gubbinã. The structure of both is similar and can be defined as follows:
Opening: ÚÐÈÈÐÚ Middle: ÈÈÐ Ú Ð End: ÈÈÐ Ú ÐÈé
The middle gaõas can be repeated a flexible number of times. The end normally finishes with a full gaõa as described above but may finish with a half gaõa Å . Note that in these metres the pattern ÛÜÛ is supposed to occur only in the odd gaõas (in contradistinction to the Ariyà class of metres).
The Veóha metre is normally composed of descriptive compounds (vaõõakas) of varying length. The only examples discovered so far are in the Kuõàla-jàtaka Ja 536. Sometimes there are only four gaõas in the compound, then the structure looks like this:
ÈÈÐÚÐÈÈÐÜé but the text of these compounds now is very corrupt, and they sometimes have only three gaõas (lacking the first).
As the example here is a 6 gaõa compound:
ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÜ Vijjàdharasiddhasamaõatàpasagaõàdhivutthe
Gubbinã has the same structure, but need not consist solely of compounds. The only known example is the frequently repeated praise of the Three Treasures beginning "Iti pi so..."
ÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÜÜ Iti pi so Bhagavà Arahaü Sammàsambuddho, 1 ÜÜÐÛÛÛÐÜÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampanno2 Sugato lokavidå,
1 We must take the 1st syllable as pàdàdigaru. 2 The 2nd gaõa is short as it stands, we could read caraõaü to correct the metre.
38 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
ÛÜÛÐÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÛÛ anuttaro purisadammasàrathi, ÜÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÜÛÛÐÜ satthà devamanussànaü Buddho Bhagavà ti.
2.20 The fixed syllabic metres: vaõõacchandas (varõacchandas) type 2 (a.k.a. akkharacchandas [Skt: akùaracchandas])
These metres can be divided into 3 kinds according to their verse structure:
1) Samavutta, has the same line repeated four times. 2) Addhasamavutta, has two dissimilar lines repeated. 3) Visamavutta, has four dissimilar lines.
2.21 Samavutta (Samavçtta)
The more popular of these fixed metres, Upajàti, Vaüsaññhà, Rucirà, and Rathoddhatà, and Svàgatà have been described in 2.8, 2.12, & 2.14 above.
Some others occur, which we may outline here:
Pamitakkharà (from gaõacchandas):
ÈÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛÛé x4
Example: Lakkhaõasuttanta (DN. 30. 2. 15):
ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜ Atha ce pi pabbajati so manujo, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜ dhammesu hoti paguõo visavã ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜ tassànusàsaniguõàbhirato, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜ anvàyiko bahujano bhavati.
Upaññhità:
ÜÜÛÛÜÛÛÜÛé (x 4)
39 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Example: Ja 125 20-211
Dodhaka (an âpàtalikà even line repeated):
ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜé (x 4)
Example: the last two verses of Kokàliyasutta (Sn III:10) (vs 677-8):
ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ Te gaõità viduhã tilavàhà, ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ ye Padume niraye upanãtà ÛÛÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ nahutàni hi koñiyÖ paÿca bhavanti, 2 ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜ dvàdasa koñisatàni punaÿÿà. (Sn 677)
Other Metres: there are 3 others have not been named:
ÛÛÛÜÜé (x 4) (Th 381)
ÛÜÛÜÛÜÛÜÛÜ (x 4) (SN 1:14)
ÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÜÜé (x 4) (Th 111)
2.22 Addhasamavutta (Ardhasamavçtta)
âpàtalikà, which in its Classical form belongs to this class, has been described in 15 above. Pupphitaggà was described in 2.12.
Aparavatta, which is derived from Vetàlãya, shows the following structure:
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ é ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛ é (x 2)
Example: Bhallàñiya Jàtaka Ja 504 vs 25:
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vividham-adhimanà suõomahaü, ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ vacanapathaü tava-m-atthasaühitaü,
1 This is Warder's reference, given on page 221 of Pàli Metre, I have been unable to trace it. 2 This line is irregular, we should exclude koñiyo m.c., which then gives a normal line.
40 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ muÿca giri nudaseva me daraü,1 ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ samaõa sukhàvaha jãva me ciran-ti.
2.23 Visamavutta (Visamavçtta)
In Lakkhaõasuttanta DN. 30 we find two metres belonging to this class, which has four dissimilar lines to the verse. The first is derived from mattàchandas:
Upaññhitappacupita:
ÈÜÜÛÛÜÛÜ,ÛÜÛÛÜé ÈÜÈÛÛÜÛÜÛÜé ÛÛÛÛÛ,ÛÛÛé ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ,ÛÛÛÜÛÛÜé
Example from Lakkhaõasuttanta, (D. 30. 1. 30): 2
ÜÜÜÛÛÜÛÜ,ÛÜÛÛÜÜ Akkhodaÿ-ca adhiññhahã adàsi ca dànaü, ÜÜÛÛÛÛÜÛÜÛÜÜ vatthàni ca sukhumàni succhavãnã, ÛÛÛÛÛ,ÛÛÛÜ purimatarabhavÕ ñhito, ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ,ÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜ abhivisaji mahim-iva suro abhivassaü
Uggatà (from gaõacchandas):
ÛÛÜÛÜÛÛÛÜé ÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÜÛé ÈÛÈÛÛÛÜÛÛé ÛÛÜÛÜÛÛÛÜÛÜÛé
Example from Lakkhaõasuttanta, (D. 30. 2.12):
ÛÛÜÛÜÛÛÛÜÜ Sugatãsu so phalavipàkaü, ÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÜÛÜ anubhavati tattha modati,
1 This line has pàdàdilahu. 2 The text here is based on K.R.Norman's reconstruction in The metres of the Lakkhaõa- suttanta (I). CP III, pgs 45ff.
41 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜ idha ca pana bhavati gopakhumo, ÛÛÜÛÜÛÛÛÜÛÜÛÜ abhinãlanettanayano sudassano.
2.24 Lakkhaõasuttanta DN 30
As can be seen from the references supplied to the fixed metres above, the late Lakkhaõasuttanta of the Dãghanikàya supplies us with a number of metres which are either rare or not otherwise found in canonical Pàli. For easy reference the metres are listed below, giving the bhàõavàra and paragraph number of the PTS edition in brackets:
1 (1.6) Vaüsaññhà 5 vs 2 (1.9) Vaüsaññhà 6 vs 3 (1.12) Pupphitaggà 4 vs 4 (1.15) Rathoddhatà 3 vs 5 (1.18) Pupphitaggà 4 vs 6 (1.21) Rathoddhatà 5 vs (total 8 vs) 7 (1.24) Vaüsaññhà 4 vs 8 (1.27) Vaüsaññhà 4 vs 9 (1.30) Upaññhitappacupita 4 vs 10 (1.33) Vaüsaññhà 4 vs
11 (2.3) Pupphitaggà 4 vs (total 12 vs) 12 (2.6) Vaüsaññhà 4 vs 13 (2.9) Rucirà 3 vs 14 (2.12) Uggatà 4 vs 15 (2.15) Pamitakkharà 4 vs 16 (2.18) Vaüsaññhà 4 vs (total 31 vs) 17 (2.21) Pamitakkharà 4 vs 18 (2.24) Pamitakkharà 4 vs (total 12 vs) 19 (2.27 Upaññhitappacupita 4 vs 20 (2.31) Upaññhitappacupita 7 vs (total 15 vs)
42 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Three: The Mixing of Metres
3.1 Introduction
As we have seen from the description of the metres presented above, one of the main features of Pàëi verse composition in the Canon is its flexibility. Even the fixed Classical metres which were just beginning to emerge towards the end of this period were somewhat fluid in structure, and there was still some room within which composition could take place.
Another way in which this shows itself is in the flexibility allowed to move between metres as and when required. This is evident both in the freedom with which different metres may be employed within a composition, and even the allowance to change metres within the verse itself, if that proved to be convenient for expression.
In what follows we will be concerned with what may be considered the more extreme case of metre mixing within the limits of a verse, but this will also serve to provide examples of the ability to move between metres in the composition as a whole.
3.2 Tuññhubha, Jagatã and their derivatives
We saw in 2.6 above that although both Tuññhubha and Jagatã exist as independent metres in their own right, and are used as such frequently, nevertheless the metres are commonly mixed, as a line in Jagatã metre was generally considered acceptable in what is otherwise a Tuññhubha verse (and visa versa). For a good example of this see Ratanasutta Sn II:1 (see 2.7 above).
This characteristic continues even when the metres have achieved their fixed forms as Upajàti and Vaüsaññhà, as can be seen e.g. in Tàlaputta's gàthas Th 1091-1145, where the metres are used both independently and in combination.
Example from Agàriyavimànaü (Vv 65, vs 1-2):
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà Yathà vanaü Cittalataü pabhàsati, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà uyyànaseññhaü tidasànam-uttamaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti tathåpamaü tuyham-idaü vimànaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti obhàsayaü tiññhati antalikkhe.
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti Deviddhipattosi mahànubhàvo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti manussabhåto kim-akàsi puÿÿaü?
43 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti Kenàsi evaü jalitànubhàvo ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà vaõõo ca te sabbadisà pabhàsatã? ti
Rarely we find Tuññhubha mixed with Mattàchandas lines. Examples: Sn 1:2 vs 18, 19; Ud II:6
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha Akkhodano vigatakhãloham-asmi, (iti Bhagavà,) 1 ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka anutãre Mahiyekarattivàso, ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya vivañà kuñi nibbuto gini, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka atha ce patthayasã pavassa deva! (Sn 19)
3.3 Vetàlãya, Opacchandasaka, & âpàtalikà
These metres, being built around the same structural principle, are quite frequently mixed, though with the first two it seems that the rule is that Vetàlãya should appear in the odd lines, and Opacchandasaka in the even (though there may be one or two counter-examples to this cf. Dhp 344 & Sn 527). With Vetàlãya and âpàtalikà there appears to be no particular rule about line order, perhaps because their mattà count is the same.
Examples: Vetàlãya & Opacchandasaka - Dhaniyasutta Sn I:2; Sabhiyasutta Sn III:6 (part: 510-540); Vetàlãya & âpàtalikà from Vangãsa's gàthàs Th 1214-1222.
3.4 Siloka and other metres
So far we have mainly been considering the mixing of metres that employ similar structural principles, and that may account for the ease with which it was felt to be possible to move between the metres. However, when we come to Siloka, we have a syllabic metre with an Addhasamavutta structure. None of the other metres have this particular combination of characteristics of course, but still we frequently find Siloka lines appearing alongside other metres, perhaps because it was by far the most common and familiar of the metres employed.
Normally the situation appears to be that account has been taken of the structure of the Siloka in mixing, and we usually find Siloka odd and even lines appearing in their expected positions in the verse. Below we will see that various combinations can be illustrated:
1 For the recitor's remarks, which are hypermetrical, see 1.13 above.
44 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Siloka & Tuññhubha
Sn. 1061 = Tuññhubha, ab - Siloka, cd Dhp. 330 = Siloka, ab - Tuññhubha, cd Sn. 995 = Tuññhubha, abd - Siloka, ef (Jagatã, c) Sn. 1055 = Siloka, a - Tuññhubha, bcd Sn. 423 = Siloka, abd - Tuññhubha, c Sn. 482 = Tuññhubha, abc - Siloka, d Th. 1253 = Tuññhubha, a - Siloka, bcd etc.
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha So Bàvarã attamano udaggo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha taü devataü pucchati vedajàto: ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã katamamhi gàme nigamamhi và pana, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha katamamhi và janapade lokanàtho ? ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Siloka Yattha gantvà namassemu Sambuddhaü dipaduttamaü? (Sn 995)
Siloka & Jagatã
Th 306 = Siloka, ab - Jagatã, cd Th 1089 = Siloka, abc - Jagatã, def
Siloka & Mattàchandas
Th 1 = Op, acd - Siloka, b Th 551 = Siloka, a - Vetàlãya, bcd Th 1004 = âpàtalikà, ab - Vetàlãya, c - Siloka, d!
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÛÜÜ âpàtalikà Ubhayena-m-idaü maraõam-eva, 1 ÜÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ âpàtalikà nàmaraõaü pacchà va pure và, ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya pañipajjatha mà vinassatha, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Siloka khaõo ve mà upaccagà! (Th 1004)
Siloka & Gaõacchandas
Siloka lines appear in gaõacchandas verses a surprising number of times. It seems to be the rule that when the two metres share a pàdayuga, Siloka takes the odd line.
1 The line has an extra syllable in the cadence, we could think of reading maraõaü va to correct the metre.
45 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Gotama's gàthàs Th 587-596 provide a good example of the mixing of Siloka lines in what are otherwise gaõacchandas verses.
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜ Siloka âcàragocare yutto ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ Gãti àjãvo sodhito agàrayho ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜ Ariyà cittassa ca saõñhapanaü: ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ Ariyà etaü samaõassa pañiråpaü.
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜ Siloka Càrittaü atha vàrittaü, ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÐÜÛÛÐÜ Ariyà iriyàpathiyaü pasàdaniyaü ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜ Siloka adhicitte ca àyogo: ÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ Ariyà etaü samaõassa pañiråpaü. (Th 590-1)
Conclusion
This then concludes our outline of the metres in the Pàëi Canon and their usage, but that is far from the end of the work that remains to be done in this field. We still do not have comprehensive analyses of all the metrical texts, particularly in regard to the later compositions like Vv, Pv, Ap, Bv, & Cp. And upto now we know very little about Pàëi verse composition in post-canonical times, where we can find a whole library of works composed in verse according to Classical norms. These include the various Chronicles pertaining to the history of the Sàsana; the verse Summaries of the Vinaya, Dhamma, & Abhidhamma composed by Ven. Buddhadatta and others; and the late Medieval lives of the Buddha, composed in a mixture of ornate metres.
The student who is interested in the Pàëi language and its development can be assured therefore that there is still much yet to discover and contribute in this area, and there is still much room for original research to be carried out in the area of Pàëi metrical composition.
46 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Four: Index and Glossary (Roman order of letters)
Addhasamavutta (ardhasamavçtta) a metre having two dissimilar lines repeated to make up a verse e.g. Siloka, Vetàlãya, see also 2.20ff akkharacchandas (akùaracchandas), see vaõõacchandas anacrusis one or two extra syllables at the beginning of a line, before the metre proper begins. anceps Å indicates that the syllable may be heavy or light in the stated position. In the Pàëi canonical period the last syllable in a line is nearly always considered to be anceps, and sometimes the first syllable too, see pàdàdigaru & pàdantagaru.
Anuññhubha (Anuùñubh), see 2.3ff
1) this is a Vedic metre originally having a samavutta structure ÅÜÅÜÐÛÜÛé (x 4). Over time variations from this basic pattern started to emerge, which eventually gave rise to a new metre having two dissimilar lines, the Siloka. As this was a gradual evolution at which point we should declare the metre to have gone over from Anuññhubha to Siloka is a moot point. But the general position is that in the Pàëi canonical period we find that we are dealing with the new metre, which has an Addhasamavutta structure (see the Appendix for more details).
2) The name is also used when describing a variation that occurs in the odd lines of Siloka metre, which shows the same structure as the line illustrated above, and which is therefore the same as the Siloka even line.
3) Also used as a generic name applied to any metre having 8 syllables to the line. anusvara, see niggahãta
Aparavatta (Aparavaktra) 2.22
âpàtalikà 2.13
Ariyà (âryà) 2.17
1) a gaõacchandas metre having two dissimilar lines with a matta count of 30 + 27
2) sometimes the name is used generically to refer to any gaõacchandas metre.
47 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
assimilation euphonic change whereby one consonant takes the form of another which follows or precedes it e.g. ud + ghàta > ugghàta br, see 1.5
Brahatã, generic name for metres having 9 syllables to the line bar metres, see gaõacchandas break the middle part of the Tuññhubha and other similar metres, see 2.6ff cadence the closing rhythm of a line, or pair of lines caesura, see yati catalectic having an incomplete number of syllables or mattà (opp: acatalectic, complete). chandas
1) prosody, metre
2) sometimes is used loosely to indicate merely the number of syllables in a line cheda, pause, see also yati closed syllable see 1.1 conjunct consonants two (or more) consonants which are not separated by a vowel e.g. -tt- in mettà, -ndr- in indriya contraction change from original two short vowels (usually separated by a semivowel) to one long one e.g. aya > e, ava > o. This sometimes makes sense of otherwise metrically `wrong' verses.
Dodhaka 2.21 dãgha (dãrgha) used to refer to a naturally long vowel, not to be confused with garu (heavy) which refers to metrical weight digraphs two letters that indicate but one sound, see 1.2
48 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
elision the loss of a syllable, or part of a syllable, at the beginning or end of a word (which sometimes happens m.c.) epenthesis the insertion of a vowel between two consonants for euphonic reasons, see sarabhatti euphony ease of pronounciation, see also sandhi even line = posterior line = the second line in a pàdayuga fixed metre vaõõacchandas type 2, see 2.20ff foot a division of a line of poetry, usually consisting of 3 syllables, see also gaõa gaõa, a bar or section
1) in the gaõacchandas metres this refers to a bar which seems to be derived from musical structure. These gaõas accurately reflect the rythmic structure of the metres. There are five such gaõas, which are given here with their Sanskrit and Greek names.
jagaõa ÛÜÛ amphibrachys bhagaõa ÜÛÛ dactylus sagaõa ÛÛÜ anap˜st sabbagaru ÜÜ spondee sabbalahu ÛÛÛÛ proceleusmaticus
2) a division consisting of 3 syllables which is a kind of shorthand used to describe the vaõõacchandas metres. There are 8 such gaõas which are used in Classical Indian theory:
jagaõa ÛÜÛ amphibrachys bhagaõa ÜÛÛ dactylus sagaõa ÛÛÜ anap˜st yagaõa ÛÜÜ bacchius ragaõa ÜÛÜ cretius, amphimacer tagaõa ÜÜÛ palimbacchius magaõa ÜÜÜ molossus nagaõa ÛÛÛ tribrachys
49 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
in the descriptions that occur in the Indian prosodies these are normally indicated as ja, bha, sa, etc.
la(hu) Û and ga(ru) Ü are used to describe the end syllable(s); (note: ÛÜ = iambus; ÜÛ = trochee; ÜÜ = spondee; ÛÛ = pyrrhic)
Although these signs can be used to describe the alternation of heavy and light syllables quite accurately, they often disguise the underlying structure of the metres, so that e.g. Indavajirà is described as being ta ta ja ga ga, which when written out gives the pattern:
ÜÜÛÐÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÜ,
this gives the impression that there are rhythmic patterns in the metre which do not, in fact, appear. The structure is better defined like this:
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ,
which better reflects the rhythm. gaõacchandas name of a class of metres built around the first of the gaõa principles outlined above, there are about 450 gaõacchandas verses in the canon, see 2.15ff garu a heavy syllable metrically, see 1.1ff gàthà variously translated as verse, stanza, or strophe. A gàthà normally consists of 4 lines, sometimes 6, though occasionally we come across a verse which is defective in this regard geyya literally singable, in the tradition signifies a type of composition of mixed prose and verse, some of which at least may have been `performed' to illustrate points of Buddhist doctrine or folklore. Sagàthavagga of Saüyuttanikàya contains many examples of geyya
Gãti literally song 2.17ff cf. also Old Gãti 2.16
Gubbinã (Gurviõi) a gaõacchandas hypermetre 2.19 half-verse (or half-stanza etc.) see pàdayuga haplography omission of a syllable by accident when it appears twice in a word
50 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
hiatus
1) a gap
2) two vowels in succession without an intervening consonant hypermetre
1) a class of metres composed using extendable forms, see 2.19
2) having a syllable, or syllables additional to the normal metre (even a line showing syllabic resolution may be referred to as hypermetric) ictus in metre a syllable that is stressed or emphasized (ictus strictly speaking does not apply to Pàëi verse composition, but it is sometimes mentioned in the literature). iti quotation marker 1.13
Jagatã
1) a syllabic metre 2.6ff
2) a generic name for any metre having 12 syllables to the line
Jàti
1) another name for the measure metres
2) another name for Upajàti junction, see sandhi kabba (kàvya), literature lahu (laghu) a light syllable metrically, see 1.1ff
Màgadhikà (a.k.a. Màgadhã) another name for Vetàlãya (2.10), presumably because Magadhi is where the metre originated mattà (màtrà) literally a measure, light syllables are counted as one mattà, heavy ones as two mattàchandas (màtràchandas), measure metre 2.9ff there are about 400 verses in mattàchandas metre in the canon
51 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
measure metre, see mattàchandas above metathesis exchange of syllabic position e.g. kariyà > kayirà metrical licence, see 1.8ff metri causa, the metre is the cause (of a change in word form) mora = mattà = a measure musical metres refers to the mattàchandas and gaõacchandas metres which have been derived under the influence of musical structures new metres refers to the mattàchandas, gaõacchandas, and fixed vaõõacchandas metres niggahãta the pure nasal sound. Only occurs normally after a short vowel (i.e as aü, iü, & uü), but then makes that syllable heavy metrically, sometimes also referred to as anusvara (the Sanskrit name for this sound), see 1.1 & 1.11 odd line = prior line = the first line in a pàdayuga
Old Gãti (a.k.a. Old âryà) the earliest form of gaõacchandas metre 2.16
Opacchandasaka (Aupacchandasaka) 2.10 opening the beginning section of a line, may be followed by a break and cadence as in Tuññhubha and related metres, or simply by a cadence as in Siloka and the mattàchandas metres open syllable, see 1.1 pàda a line of verse pàdàdigaru a light syllable that is counted as heavy because it stands at the beginning of a line (this is sometimes seen in early gaõacchandas verses) pàdantagaru a light syllable that is counted as heavy because it stands at the end of a line, see 2.9
52 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
pàdayuga
1) a pair of lines
2) sometimes loosely used to refer to a line in gaõacchandas verse pajja (padya) verse (as opposed to gajja [gadya], prose)
Pamitakkharà (Pramitàkùarà) 2.21
Panti (Pàïkti), generic name for metres having 10 syllables to the line partial vowels, see sarabhatti pathyà the normal structure of a line (as opposed to vipulà, variation), see 2.3 pause, cheda (see also yati) position for syllables not making position see 1.5 posterior pàda = even line = the second line in a pàdayuga prior pàda = odd line = the first line in a pàdayuga
Pupphitaggà (Puùpitàgrà) 2.12 rassa a naturally short vowel, not to be confused with lahu, which refers to metrical weight
Rathoddhatà 2.12 recitor's remarks 1.13 redundant syllable a syllable extra to the metre replacement, see 1.14ff resolution, see 1.14, 1.15; 2.4; 2.15
Rucirà 2.8 samavutta (samavçtta) a metre having the same line repeated (normally four times) to make up a verse e.g. Tuññhubha, Rucirà, Pamitakkharà, see also 2.20ff
53 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
samprasàna, reduction a phonetic change whereby a semi-vowel is reduced to its vowel equivalent e.g. ya > ã; va > å sandhi refers to the junction between words, and the euphonic changes that take place accordingly sara (svara), vowel; (vyaÿjana, consonant) sarabhatti (svarabhakti) literally a broken vowel, an anaptyctic or epenthetic vowel, see 1.6 scansion metrical analysis, see 1.1ff
Siloka (øloka) see 2.3ff stanza, see gàthà strophe, see gàthà
Svàgatà 2. 14 syllable can be defined as a word, or a part of a word, which can be uttered with a single effort of the voice syllabic metres, vaõõacchandas type 1, see 2.1ff syncopation a change in the order of syllables, which produces a different rhythm e.g.ÜÜÛÛ > ÜÛÜÛ see 2.10
Tuññhubha (Triùñubh) 2.6ff also sometimes used as a generic name for any metre having 11 syllables to the line
Uggatà (Udgatà) 2.23
Uggãti (Udgãti) 2.17
Upagãti 2.17
Upajàti 2.8 sometimes loosely referred to as Tuññhubha
Upaññhità 2.21
54 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Upaññhitappacupita (Upasthitapracupita) 2.23
Vaüsaññhà (Vaüèasthà) 2.8 sometimes loosely referred to as Jagatã vaõõacchandas (varõacchandas), the syllablic metres, there are two types:
1) the flexible syllabic metres e.g. Siloka, Tuññhubha, in which the syllabic patterns are still somewhat variable, see 2.1ff
2) the fixed syllabic metres, in which all, or nearly all, of the syllables are of fixed quantity e.g. Vaüsaññhà, Uggatà, see 2.20ff vaçõaka a descriptive compound having an extendable metrical structure, see 2.19
Veóha 2.19
Vegavatã, see âpàtalikà 2.13
Vetàlãya (Vaitàlãya) 2.10 vipulà, variation (as opposed to pathyà, normal) 2.4 visamavutta (visamavçtta) a verse with 4 dissimilar lines 2.23ff vutta (vçtta) a fixed syllablic metre, vaõõacchandas type 2 vutti the weight of a syllable yati, caesura a word break (not a pause as sometimes stated). Occasionally the word break is hidden or concealed (avyakata) in a compound
55 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Appendix: The Evolution of Siloka & Tuññhubha
In order to give a broader perspective on the nature of Pàëi verse composition a sketch is presented here of the development of two of the metres in their Vedic, Pàli, and Classical forms. The Vedic period probably starts around 2500 - 2000 B.C.; the Pàëi canonical period begins around the turn of the 6th century B.C. and continues until the 2nd century B.C.; which is when the Epic and Classical period roughly begins. There is some overlap, but nevertheless we can broadly distinguish these three periods, and point out how the metres were developing.
1) Anuùñubh / Siloka / øloka
In the early part of the »g Veda the Anuùñubh was a samavçtta metre showing the following structure:
ÅÜÅÜÐÛÜÛé (x 4) sometimes light syllables are found in the 2nd, 4th & 6th positions, though 2 successive light syllables in the 2nd & 3rd position was normally avoided (as it was in the other periods also). Interestingly enough, in the light of later developments, the cadence ÛÜÜé, which became the pathyà (normal) form almost never occurs.
Over time variations from this basic pattern started to emerge, which eventually gave rise to a new metre having two dissimilar lines, which we may describe thus:
Odd line: ÅÜÅÜÐÛÜÅé Even line: ÅÅÜÅÐÛÜÛ é (x 2)
By the time of the Pàëi Canon the samavçtta Anuùñubh as an independent metre has more or less fallen into disuse, and the Siloka has emerged as a definite Addhasamavutta metre, the normal pattern of which can be described thus:
Odd line: ÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÜé Even line: ÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÛ é (x 2) as shown in the main body of the book (2.4), in the early period there were 7 variations allowed in the prior line, including the Anuññhubha. By the end of the canonical perod, the Anuññhubha variation was normally avoided.
In the Classical period (which includes post-canonical Pàëi works), not only the Anuññhubha, but the 5th & 6th vipulàs had also fallen into disuse. Other changes that have taken place are the normal avoidance of resolution; and also of the pattern ÜÛÜ in the 2nd, 3rd & 4th syllables of the even line.
56 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
In the Classical øloka the pathyà structure accounts for 85% - 95% of all odd lines, and the metre then can be described thus:
Odd line: ÅÅÅÅÐÛÜÜé Even line: ÅÅÅÅÐÛÜÛé (x 2) with only 4 variations occasionally appearing in the prior line.
2) Triùñubh / Tuññhubha / Upajàti
The Triùtubh is the most popular metre in the »g Veda, accounting for approximately 2/3 of all the lines in that collection (of about 10,000 verses). In the Vedas there are two main forms of the metre distinguished by the position of the caesura:
1) ÅÜÅÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜé (x 4)
2) ÅÜÅÜÐÅ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜé (x 4)
Note that the caesura, whether it occurs after the 4th or the 5th syllable, is normally followed by two light syllables. The openings occasionally appear as ÅÛÜÜ, and the break sometimes shows other patterns: with the early caesura: ,ÜÛÜ ,ÛÜÛ ,ÛÛÛ ; with the later caesura: Û,ÜÛ are fairly common.
In the early period mixing Jagatã lines into Triùñubh verses was normally avoided, but in the late period it is acceptable and quite common.
In the very earliest part of the Pàëi period also mixing of the two metres was normally avoided, later, as we have seen (2.6ff 3.2), it is normal to find the two metres mixed together in composition, whichever one predominates. The pattern in the early and middle Pàëi period can be described thus:
ÉܦÜÐÅÛÅÐÜÛÜé (x 4)
The most significant changes are the possibility of resolution, particularly of the 1st syllable; the establishment of the break ÜÛÛ as the dominant form, the loss of the two distinct forms, and with that the loss in the significance of the caesura.
Even in the late part of the Canon the Tuññhubha has been replaced by the Classical Upajàti, which is more restricted than its earlier counterparts, having the normal pattern:
ÅÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜé (x 4)
57 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Guide to Further Study (with abbreviations, and method of quoting)
The following books and articles contain further information on the gàthàs and metres of the Pàëi Canon (all volumes are as published by PTS, unless otherwise stated):
Texts:
DN: Dãghanikàya - each volume has a gàthà index (quoted by sutta name, number, bhàõavàra [where appropriate], and paragraph number)
MN: Majjhimanikàya - volume 3 contains a very incomplete gàthà index (quoted by sutta name, number, bhàõavàra [where appropriate], and paragraph number)
SN: Saüyuttanikàya - each volume has a gàthà index, and the index volume (no 6) collates these (quoted by Saüyutta name, and sutta number)
Sg: Sagàthavagga (new edition, 1998) - the metre of all the gàthàs are identified (quoted by verse number)
AN: Anguttaranikàya - each volume has a gàthà index, and the index volume (no 6) collates these (quoted by nipàta number, and sutta number)
Khp: Khuddakapàñha - has a gàthà index and an analysis of the metres (quoted by sutta name and verse number)
Dhp: Dhammapada - index volume contains a pàda index (quoted by verse number)
Ud: Udàna - includes udàna index (quoted by vagga & sutta number)
It: Itivuttaka - includes gàthà index (quoted by vagga & sutta number)
Sn: Suttanipàta - the gàthà index and metre analysis are contained in Vol 3 of the commentary Paramatthajotikà, (quoted by sutta name, vagga and sutta number, and/or verse number)
Vv: Vimànavatthu - (quoted by Vimàna name and line number)
Pv: Petavatthu - (quoted by Peta name and line number)
Th: Theragàthà - 2nd edition (1966) contains Alsdorf's reconstruction of the gaõacchandas metres in Appendix 2 (quoted by Thera name and verse number)
Thã: Therãgàthà - as Th above (quoted by Therã name and verse number)
Ja: Jàtaka - (quoted by Jàtaka name and verse number)
KJa: Kuõàlajàtaka - contains metre analysis, including a commentary on the lines in Veóha metre
Ap: Apadàna - Buddha Jayanti edition (quoted by verse number)
58 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Bv: Buddhavaüsa - (quoted by book and line number)
Cp: Cariyapiñaka - (quoted by book and line number)
Translations, Studies etc.
Alsdorf, L: Die âryà-Strophen des Pàëi Kanon, Mainz 1967
Bechert, H: "Alte Vedhas" im Pàli-Kanon, Gottingberg 1988
Bechert, H: A Metric `Vaçõaka' in the Pàëi Scriptures, in Studies in Buddhism and Culture, Tokyo 1991
Boll‚e, W. B: Reverse Index of Dhammapada, Sutta Nipàta, Theragàthà, and Therãgàthà, with Parallels from the âràranga, Såyagaóa, Uttarajjhàya, Dasaveyàliya and Isibhàsiyàiü, Reinbeck 1980
Franke, R. O: Die Gàthàs des Dãghanikàya mit ihren Parallelen, JPTS 1909, contains parallels passages to the Dãgha verses, including Lakkhaõasuttanta
Franke, R. O: Konkordanz der Gàthàs des Majjhimanikàya, in Kleine Schriften vol 2, Wiesbaden 1978
Hare, E. M: Woven Cadences of Early Buddhists (trans of Sn), contains a complete concordance to the pàdas of Sn
Lienhard, S: Sur la Structure Poetique des Thera-Therãgàthà, JAs 1975
Moore, J. H: Metrical Analysis of the Pàëi Itivuttaka, JAOS 28 1907
Norman, K .R: Elders Verses 1 (trans of Th), contains a list of the metres and metrical analysis in the Introduction, and a running commentary on the metres of the verses (EV 1)
Norman, K. R: Elders Verses II (trans of Thã), contains a list of the metres and metrical analysis in the Introduction, and a running commentary on the metres of the verses (EV II)
Norman, K. R: The Group of Discourses II (trans of Sn), contains a running commentary on the metres of the verses (GD II)
Norman, K. R: Word of the Doctrine (trans of Dhp), contains metrical analyses in the Introduction, and a running commentary on the metres of the verses (WD)
Norman, K. R: Collected Papers, Vol 3, 4, & 5 contain reconstructions of 3 metres found in Lakkhaõasuttanta. Vol 4, & 5 also have articles on gaõacchandas metres (CP)
Sakamoto-Goto, J: Les Stances en Màtràchandas dans le Jàtaka, Paris 1982
Simon, R: Der øloka im Pàli, ZDMG 1890
Smith, H: Conspectus terminorum (metricorum), in Saddanãti, Vol IV, Lund 1966 (reprinted Oxford 2001)
59 An Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon
Smith, H: Epilegomena to Critical Pali-English dictionary Vol 1, Copenhagen 1947
Stede, W: The Pàdas of Thera- and Therã- gàthà, JPTS 1924-7
Warder, A. K: Introduction to Pàli, chapter 30 contains an all-too-brief outline of Pàëi metre (Intro)
Warder, A. K: Pàëi Metre, the most comprehensive book on the subject studying the development of Pàëi metre against its historical background, contains many useful tables on usage (PM)
Other Abbreviations occuring in the literature
AMg: Ardhamàgadhã, the language of the Jaina Canon
Apa: Apabrahüsa, a late Pràkrit language
Be: Text in Burmese characters, usually refers to the relevant Chaññha Saïgàyana text
BHS: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Ce: Text in Sinhalese characters, usually refers to the relevant Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka text
Ee: Text in Roman characters, usually refers to the relevant PTS edition; or to the Harvard Oriental Series m.c.: metri causa, the metre is the cause (of a change in word form)
MIA: Middle Indo-âryan = Pàëi & Pràkrit
OIA: Old Indo-âryan = Vedic & Classical Sanskrit
Pkt: Pràkrit
Se: Text in Thai characters, usually refers to the relevant Royal Thai edition of the text
Skt: Sanskrit v.l.: variant reading (in the manuscripts) v.r.: variant reading (in the commentaries, grammarians, etc.)
60
Khuddakapàñha
A New Edition by ânandajoti Bhikkhu
62
The Text and Metre of Khuddakapàñha
Introduction
Khuddakapàñha, as its name may suggest, is the smallest book in the Pàli Tipiñaka. It stands as the first book in the 5th collection of the Suttapiñika, the Khuddakanikàya. The title would seem to mean that it is a Small (collection of) Texts, which would at least accurately describe it's contents, as it consists of only 9 short pieces. It would perhaps be what we would designate in English as a handbook. A handbook, of course, is usually designed to meet a particular need, and there seems to be good ground to believe that this book has been collected with just such a need in mind.
It has been suggested elsewhere1 that the book may be a kind of handbook for novices, though it seems to the present writer that it would be more correctly described as a handbook for candidates who are waiting to become novices. As can be seen, it begins with the Saraõagamanaü and the Dasasikkhàpadaü, which are undertaken at the time of ordination. This is followed by the reflection on the 32 parts of the body, which is a meditation traditionally given to those who ordain as their first `place of work' (kammaññhàna) at the time they are having their heads shaved just prior to ordination. The Kumàrapaÿhaü, is represented in the commentary as being one particular boy's ordination, and it may have been used as a kind of basic questionnaire, to make sure that candidates had at least some idea of the central tenets of the doctrine. This is followed by a group of 5 popular (mainly) verse suttas that are commonly used in recital, that would have to be memorised by novices.
It seems likely then that the texts gathered here would possibly, at the time of making the collection, have been learnt by heart by everyone who aspired to be ordained into the order. We may mention here that a similar requirement was at one time laid down by the Sinhalese king Kassapa V2 when he ordered that all those who take upasampadà, or higher ordination, must first have memorised the Catubhàõavàrapàli, a collection of texts used in recital at Parittaü ceremonies to this day. It will be noted that that collection reproduces most of the texts in Khp, and indeed the latter looks very much like a smaller version of the larger collection.
The Text
A new edition of the text is not hard to justify. Childer's first edition of the text in Roman script was originally published in 1869,3 when the scholarly study of the language and the metre in the West was still in its infancy. This was reproduced
1 Abeynayake: A Textual and Historical Analysis of the Khuddaka Nikàya, (Colombo 1984), pg 115. See also Rhys Davids, Buddhism, Its History and Literature, pgs 678; and Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, ii. pg 78. (Refs from Abeyenayake). 2 See Malalasekera, The Pàli Literature of Ceylon, (Republished Kandy 1994), pg 155 (quoting Ep. Zey. vol i, pt ii, pp. 42-3. 3 J.R.A.S., N.S. vol iv., 309324 (ref from Ee, as the original is not available to me). The Text and Metre of Khuddakapàñha verbatim by Helmer Smith in his 1915 edition of the text & commentary (PTS), to which he adds as an appendix the readings found in the King of Siam's edition. Since that time we have had the Burmese Chaññha Saïgàyana edition of 1955, and the Sinhalese Buddha Jayanti edition of 1960, which give us many new readings to compare. Here is a list of the authorities consulted in preparing this new edition along with the abbreviations that are used in the variant readings:
BJT: Khuddakapàñhapàëi. Buddha Jayanti Tripitika Series, volume XXIV. Colombo 1960.
PTS: The Khuddaka-Pàñha. together with its commentary Paramatthajotikà I. Edited by Helmer Smith, (PTS Text Series No 52) originally published London, 1915. Reprinted London, 1978.
Thai: Khuddakapàñho. The Royal Thai Edition, volume 25. Originally published 2469 (i.e 1915). Reprinted Bangkok, 2500 (i.e 1956).
ChS: Khuddakapàñhapàëi. Chaññha Saïgàyana Edition, 1956, reprinted Rangoon 1972.
Nearly all of the texts occur elsewhere in the canon, though not always exactly as they are found here. Here is a list of their occurence with notes on the variations:
1 Saraõagamanaü (Vinaya Mahàvagga 1) Mahàvagga: no title
2 Dasasikkhàpadaü (Vinaya Mahàvagga 1) Mahàvagga: no title, omits the word samàdiyàmi at the end of each precept
3 Dvàttiüsàkàraü (D.22 and elsewhere) In the suttas matthake matthaluïgaü is omitted from the end of the reflection.
4 Kumàrapaÿhaü Not found in this form in the suttas, but cf. the Mahàpaÿhàsuttas of Aïguttaranikàya (PTS vol v. 50 ff)
5 Maïgalasuttaü (Sn 2:4) In Sn the title is Mahàmaïgalasuttaü
6 Ratanasuttaü (Sn 2:1)
7 Tirokuóóasuttaü (Pv 1.5) Title as Tirokuóóapetavatthu
8 Nidhikaõóasuttaü (not found elsewhere)
9 Mettasuttaü (Sn 1:8)
64 The Text and Metre of Khuddakapàñha
The Metre
In recent times we have gained much knowledge in regard to the correct form of the metres that are used in Pàli metrical composition, which is due mainly to the labours of Helmer Smith, A. K. Warder and K. R. Norman. In establishing a verse text it is, of course, essential that the parameters of the prosody are understood.
As I have stated elsewhere1 it seems possible to identify three phases of canonical Pàli verse composition, which for convenience we may designate the early, the middle, and the late.2 Briefly, the early period concerns the two main metres used in Pàli, the Siloka and the Tuññhubha. The Siloka in the early period is characterised by the regular inclusion of the Anuññhubha variation in the prior lines. In the middle and late periods this occurs only sporadically (and can nearly always be `corrected' to the pathyà, or normal cadence, which makes one believe that the current readings may simply be corruptions). In the late period the pathyà predominates over the other variations to a marked degree, sometimes reaching as much as 85%.3
The Tuññhubha in the early period is normally used as an independent metre, without admixture of Jagatã lines, which occur only very occasionally.4 In the middle period mixing is not only common, but normal. In the later period, the Tuññhubha becomes restricted to the classical Upajàti form, and Jagatã to Vaüsaññhà.
The middle period also saw the emergence of the so-called new metres, the mattàchandas and gaõacchandas. In Mettasuttaü, which appears as the last of the texts in this collection, we are dealing with what is probably a transitional metre between these two, the Old Gãti.5 The structure of the metre is rather primitive and unsettled, as will be seen from the description that follows. Towards the close of the later period both of these type of metres were superceded by their fixed classical counterparts.
1 See An Outline of the Metres in the Pàli Canon, elsewhere on this website. 2 It may be stated here that although canonical Pàli metrical composition stretches over a period of several centuries, it seems that the first two periods described below have to fall within the lifetime of the Buddha. 3 See Warder, Pàli Metre (London 1967)( = PM) pg 198 4 In Aññhakavagga of Suttanipàta, for instance, there are only 4 Jagatã lines among 99 vs of Tuññhubha (there is also one Jagatã verse, no 836 in Ee). In Pàràyanavagga, the Jagatã lines amount to approx 7% of the lines in the Tuññhubha verses. 5 This is the metre referred to by Alsdorf in his monograph Die âryàStrophen des PaliKanon (Mainz 1967) as Old âryà. Norman in Group of Discourses II (Oxford 1992)(= GD II) also used this name, but later in his essay on The Origins of the âryà Metre in Collected Papers Vol 4 (Oxford 1993)(= CP), preferred the name Old Gãti. The latter seems in every way preferable, as the structure of the metre is in fact a primitive form of Gãti, which has the same pàdayuga structure repeated to make up a verse, whereas âryà has two different pàdayugas to the verse.
65 The Text and Metre of Khuddakapàñha
On the basis of this description we can fairly confidently1 ascribe the Managlasuttaü, Ratanasuttaü, and Mettasuttaü to the middle period; while the Tirokuóóasuttaü and the Nidhikaõóasuttaü belong to the late period.
The conventions used in this paper are as follows:
Sarabhatti (partial vowels which do not count metrically) are represented by the sarabhatti vowel being written in superscript e.g. from Maïgalasuttaü (10a): Tapo ca brahmacariyaÿ-ca.
In the analysis of the metre: Û = light syllable; Ü = heavy syllable; Å = light or heavy; é = light or heavy (but always marked as heavy) È = 2 lights or one heavy; É = 2 lights or one heavy or one light.
Resolved syllables are underlined e.g. from Nidhikaõóasuttam (15ab):
ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà Pañisambhidà, vimokkhà ca, yà ca sàvakapàramã,
As in the above example the variation (where appropriate) has been identified and indicated.2
The analysis of the metres in the text is based on the following description:
1: Siloka (Maïgalasuttaü, Tirokuóóasuttaü, Nidhikaõóasuttaü)
Here is an analysis of the pathyà (normal) structure of the Siloka:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Odd line: É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Ü é 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Even line: É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Û é x2
In the 2nd & 3rd positions two light syllables are normally avoided.
1 It may be stated here that these periods are by no means hard and fast, but run over into each other as we might expect from an evolving culture. 2 I have been greatly helped in compiling the notes that accompany this edition by Helmer Smith's metrical analysis of the 3 suttas that also appear in Suttanipàta (in Paramatthajotikà Vol III, 1918, reprinted Oxford 1997); and for the same suttas by K R Norman's comprehensive notes in GD II.
66 The Text and Metre of Khuddakapàñha
In the first half of the line 7 variations (vipulà) occur, besides the normal structure, they are:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Anuññhubha É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Û é navipula É Ü Å Ü Ð Û Û Û é bhavipula É Ü Å Ü Ð Ü Û Û é mavipula É Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Ü Ü é ravipula É Å Å Å Ð Ü Û Ü é savipula É Å Å Å Ð Û Û Ü é tavipula É Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Ü Û é (very sporadic)
2: Tuññhubhajagatã (Ratanasuttaü)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (11) 11 or 12 É Ü ¦ Ü Ð Å Û Å Ð Ü Û Ü (Û) é x4
The normal opening is ÅÜÛÜ, but occasionally we find ÅÜÜÜ The normal break is the bhagaõa ÜÛÛ , but others also occur e.g. ÜÛÜ, ÛÛÛ, etc.
3: Upajàti (Tirokuóóasuttaü vs 13)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (11) 11 0r 12 Å Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Û Û Ð Ü Û Ü (Û) é x4
4: Old Gãti (Mettasuttaü)1
ÈÜÐÛÜÛÐÈÜÐÅ, ÈÍÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐé x2
Resolution occasionally produces different patterns e.g. ÜÜ > ÛÛÜ Replacement sometimes produces different patterns e.g. ÛÜÛ > ÜÜ Note that ÜÛÛ is not normally found in any gaõa.
The Establishment of the Text
In editing a text, of course, where there are many variant readings in the different traditions to choose from, we are dealing only with probabilities, and never with certainties. In light of this it seems that a conservative approach to the texts is called for. With the verse texts in particular it seems that the best and most reliable manuscripts are found within the Sinhalese tradition. For that reason I have made BJT the basis of the readings, and have only introduced other readings when there seemed to be a real need, and when it can be done in a fairly simple way.
1 This description is based on Norman, The Origins of the âryà Metre in CP Vol 4
67 The Text and Metre of Khuddakapàñha
The Burmese edition of the text presents many problems for the would-be editor, as there appears to have been an over correcting of the metre in the texts in an attempt to make them conform to classical standards. In Ratanasuttaü, for example, there are a number of readings in the Burmese edition that produce the classical bhagaõa break ÜÛÛ, but there is no reason to believe that the sutta was written to that standard.1
The most drastic changes are made in Mettasuttaü, where there has been alteration of word form, re-arrangement of text, and what amounts to rewriting as well.2 A number of the lines that have been `corrected' actually scan as Siloka lines as they presently stand, and as Siloka lines seem to have been considered acceptable in gaõacchandas verses it is questionable whether the lines ever needed correcting at all. It appears that many of the readings introduced into this text were not being read by the commentator, lack confirmation in other traditions, and are not found in the early Burmese manuscript tradition either.
1 The Thai edition also has to be treated with caution. To give one example: not understanding the matter of sarabhatti vowels a reading is introduced into Ratanasuttaü at 9a, against all other editions: ye 'rãya saccàni vibhàvayanti. When we take the sarabhatti vowel into account however, and read ariya (ÜÛ), we can see that there was no need for the change in reading (for a discussion of sarabhatti (svarabhakti) see Warder PM pg 29ff 2 For alteration of word form, see e.g. 3a; rearrangement of text, 4c; rewriting, vss 9 & 10. Unfortunately, even after much handiwork occasionally the text is still left `wrong' according to classical standards, see the note to 10ab.
68
Khuddakapàñho1
namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa
1: Saraõagamanaü2
buddhaü saraõaü gacchàmi dhammaü saraõaü gacchàmi saïghaü saraõaü gacchàmi
dutiyam-pi buddhaü saraõaü gacchàmi dutiyam-pi dhammaü saraõaü gacchàmi dutiyam-pi saïghaü saraõaü gacchàmi
tatiyam-pi buddhaü saraõaü gacchàmi tatiyam-pi dhammaü saraõaü gacchàmi tatiyam-pi saïghaü saraõaü gacchàmi
Saraõagamanaü3
2: Dasasikkhàpadaü4
pàõàtipàtà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü5 samàdiyàmi. adinnàdànà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. abrahmacariyà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. musàvàdà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. suràmerayamajjapamàdaññhànà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. vikàlabhojanà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. naccagãtavàditavisåkadassanà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. màlàgandhavilepanadhàraõamaõóanavibhåsanaññhànà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. uccàsayanamahàsayanà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi. jàtaråparajatapañiggahaõà6 veramaõãsikkhàpadaü samàdiyàmi.
Dasasikkhàpadaü7
1 Ce, Be: Khuddakapàñhapàëi; PTS: Khuddakapàñha 2 Be: Saraõattaya; Ee here and elsewhere has only numbers, no titles; Se has title as Khuddakapàñhe Saraõagamanaü, and so for the titles throughout 3 Ee, Be: Saraõattayaü; Se adds niññhitaü 4 Be: Dasasikkhàpada 5 Be: veramaõi, and so throughout 6 Se: rajaña 7 Se: adds niññhitaü New Khuddakapàñha
3: Dvattiüsàkàraü1
atthi imasmiü kàye: kesà, lomà, nakhà, dantà, taco, maüsaü, nahàru,2 aññhi,3 aññhimiÿjaü,4 vakkaü, hadayaü, yakanaü, kilomakaü, pihakaü, papphàsaü, antaü, antaguõaü, udariyaü, karãsaü,5 pittaü, semhaü, pubbo, lohitaü, sedo, medo, assu, vasà, khelo,6 siïghànikà, lasikà, muttaü,7 matthake matthaluïgan-ti. 8
Dvattiüsàkàraü9
4: Kumàrapaÿhaü10
ekaü11 nàma kiü? sabbe sattà àhàraññhitikà. dve nàma kiü? nàmaÿ-ca råpaÿ-ca.12 tãõi nàma kiü? tisso vedanà.13 cattàri nàma kiü? cattàri ariyasaccàni. paÿca nàma kiü? paÿcupàdànakkhandhà. cha nàma kiü? cha ajjhattikàni àyatanàni. satta nàma kiü? satta bojjhaïgà. aññha nàma kiü? ariyo aññhaïgiko maggo. nava nàma kiü? nava sattàvàsà. dasa nàma kiü? dasahaïgehi samannàgato arahàti vuccatã ti.14
Kumàrapaÿhaü15
1 Se: Dvattiüsàkàro; Be: Dvattiüsàkàra 2 Se, Be: nhàru 3 Se: aññhã 4 Ee: aññhimiÿjà 5 Be adds in brackets: matthalugaü 6 Ee, Be: kheëo 7 Be: muttanti, omit matthake matthaluïgan-ti 8 Ee: matthaluïgaü (omit ti) 9 Se adds niññhitaü 10 Ce, Be: Kumàrapaÿhà here and below; Se: Sàmaõerapaÿhà 11 Ee: eka; Se: ekan 12 Ee: dve nàmaÿ ca råpaÿ ca 13 Ee: tãõi tisso vedanà 14 Ee: vuccati (omit ti) 15 Se: Sàmaõerapaÿhà niññhità
70 New Khuddakapàñha
5: Maïgalasuttaü1
evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. atha kho aÿÿatarà devatà abhikkantàya rattiyà, abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü jetavanaü obhàsetvà, yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekamantaü aññhàsi. ekamantaü ñhità kho sà devatà bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi:
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà2 ßbahå devà manussà ca maïgalàni acintayuü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula àkaïkhamànà sotthànaü: bråhi maïgalam-uttamaü.û [1]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßasevanà ca bàlànaü, paõóitànaÿ-ca sevanà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ påjà ca påjanãyànaü:3 etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [2]
ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pañiråpadesavàso ca, pubbe ca katapuÿÿatà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula attasammàpaõidhi ca: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [3]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bàhusaccaÿ-ca sippaÿ-ca, vinayo ca susikkhito, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ subhàsità ca yà vàcà: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [4]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ màtàpituupaññhànaü, puttadàrassa saïgaho, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ anàkulà ca kammantà: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [5]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dànaÿ-ca dhammacariyà ca, ÿàtakànaÿ-ca saïgaho, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ anavajjàni kammàni: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [6]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ àratã4 viratã5 pàpà, majjapànà ca saÿÿamo,6 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ appamàdo ca dhammesu: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [7]
1 Be: Maïgalasutta, (in crude form) here and in the titles from here on 2 From here on in this, and in suttas nos 7 & 8, the lines should be understood as Siloka, unless otherwise stated 3 Ee, Be: påjaneyyànaü 4 Ee, Ce: àrati 5 Ce: virati, 6 Be: saüyamo
71 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ gàravo ca nivàto ca, santuññhã ca kataÿÿutà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula kàlena dhammasavaõaü:1 etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [8]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜAnuññhubha khantã2 ca sovacassatà, samaõànaÿ-ca dassanaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kàlena dhammasàkacchà: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [9]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tapo ca brahmacariyaÿ-ca, ariyasaccàna'3 dassanaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nibbàna4sacchikiriyà ca: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [10]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ phuññhassa5 lokadhammehi, cittaü yassa na kampati, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ asokaü virajaü khemaü: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [11]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ etàdisàni katvàna, sabbattha-m-aparàjità, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sabbattha sotthiü gacchanti: taü tesaü maïgalam-uttamanû-ti.6 [12]
Maïgalasuttaü Niññhitaü7
1 Be: dhammassavanaü 2 ã is m.c. to avoid the opening ÅÛÛ 3 Loss of niggahãta m.c. It seems better to regard ariya as containing a sarabhatti vowel, and not as resolved as Norman (GD II, pg 199) suggests 4 Ce: nibbàõa here and elsewhere 5 Ce: puññhassa 6 Ee: uttamaü (omit ti), note that this line has 9 syllabes through the inclusion of taü. The quotation marker is outside the metre 7 Ce, Be: Maïgalasuttaü, both omit niññhitaü here and in the following suttas
72 New Khuddakapàñha
6. Ratanasuttaü
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha1 yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va2antalikkhe,3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Jagatã sabbe va bhåtà sumanà bhavantu, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã atho pi sakkacca suõantu bhàsitaü. [1]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà hi bhåtà nisàmetha sabbe, ÜÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ mettaü karotha4 mànusiyà pajàya, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã divà ca ratto ca haranti ye baliü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà hi ne rakkhatha appamattà. [2]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yaü kiÿci vittaü idha và huraü và ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saggesu và yaü ratanaü paõãtaü ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na no samaü atthi tathàgatena ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi buddhe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [3]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ khayaü viràgaü amataü paõãtaü ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yad-ajjhagà sakyamunã5samàhito ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na tena dhammena samatthi kiÿci ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi dhamme ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [4]
1 From here on the lines are to be understood as Tuññhubha, unless otherwise indicated. 2 va here cannot be m.c. as Norman (GD II, 191 & 194) maintains, because the break ÜÛÜ is tolerated, cf. 2a, 7d, 12a, 14ad, rather we must understand it as the emphatic, inserted as a line filler. 3 Ce: antaëikkhe here, and in vs 15, 16 & 17 below 4 This is an example of extended Tuññhubha, pausing at the 5th, and restarting from the same syllable. 5 ã m.c.
73 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yam-buddhaseññho parivaõõayã1 suciü ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ samàdhim-ànantarikaÿ-ÿam-àhu ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã samàdhinà tena samo na vijjati ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi dhamme ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [5]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye puggalà aññha satam2-pasatthà3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ cattàri etàni yugàni honti ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã te dakkhiõeyyà sugatassa sàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etesu dinnàni mahapphalàni ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [6]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye suppayuttà manasà daëhena4 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nikkàmino gotamasàsanamhi ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ te pattipattà amataü vigayha5 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ laddhà mudhà nibbutiü bhuÿjamànà ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [7]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yathindakhãlo pañhaviü sito6 siyà ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã catubbhi vàtehi7 asampakampiyo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tathåpamaü sappurisaü vadàmi,
1 ã m.c. 2 Be: sataü 3 Se: pasaññhà 4 Note that ëh is a digraph, and does not make position 5 Note that vy does make position here 6 Be: pañhavissito 7 Ce, Se: vàtebhi
74 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yo ariyasaccàni avecca passati ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [8]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye ariya1 saccàni vibhàvayanti, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ gambhãrapaÿÿena sudesitàni, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kiÿcàpi te honti bhusappamattà2 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na te bhavaü aññhamam-àdiyanti3 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [9]
ÛÜÜÛÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sahà vassa dassanasampadàya4 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tayassu dhammà jahità bhavanti: ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sakkàyadiññhi5 vicikicchitaÿ-ca ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbataü và pi yad-atthi kiÿci. ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ 6catåhapàyehi ca vippamutto, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ cha càbhiñhànàni7 abhabbÖ8 kàtuü ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [10]
1 Se: ye 'rãya 2 Be: bhusaü pamattà 3 Ee: aññhamaü 4 Note the unusual opening 5 Be: diññhã, to produce the Upajàti break ÜÛÛ, but ÛÛÛ is tolerated 6 Be starts a new verse here (no 11) 7 Be: chaccàbhiñhànàni. Note that simple -ñh- in this word is m.c. 8 Be: abhabba, but we can understand abhabbÖ to give the normal cadence, cf 11c below (Norman in GD II makes no comment on the reading here)
75 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã kiÿcàpi so kammaü1 karoti pàpakaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kàyena vàcà uda2 cetasà và, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ abhabbÖ3so tassa pañicchadàya:4 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ abhabbatà diññhapadassa vuttà ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [11]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ vanappagumbe yathà5 phussitagge6 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÜÜ gimhàna7màse pañhamasmiü gimhe,8 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathåpamaü dhammavaraü adesayi,9 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nibbànagàmiü paramaühitàya ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi buddhe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [12]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã varo varaÿÿå varado varàharo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã anuttaro dhammavaraü adesayi ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi buddhe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [13]
1 Be: kamma' to produce the classical bhagaõa break 2 Se: yuda 3 Be: abhabba, see note to 10f above 4 Ee, Ce: pañicchàdàya 5 Be: yatha to produce the classical bhagaõa break 6 -ss- is m.c. 7 Ce: gimhàõa 8 Note the unusual cadence, which should possibly be corrected, though it occurs in the older writings 9 Ce: adesayã, here and in 13 below
76 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã khãõaü puràõaü navaü1 natthi sambhavaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ virattacittàyatike2 bhavasmiü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ te khãõabãjà aviråëhichandà,3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ nibbanti dhãrà yathàyam4-padãpo ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [14]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va5 antalikkhe, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathàgataü devamanussapåjitaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ buddhaü namassàma suvatthi hotu! [15]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va antalikkhe, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathàgataü devamanussapåjitaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhammaü namassàma suvatthi hotu! [16]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va antalikkhe, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathàgataü devamanussapåjitaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saïghaü namassàma suvatthi hotu! [17]
Ratanasuttaü Niññhitaü
1 Be: nava to produce the classical bhagaõa break 2 Ee, Ce: città àyatike, which gives the extended form of the metre 3 Se: aviruëhichandà, but that would give the cadence ÛÛÜÜ, which seems unlikely 4 Be: yaü 5 see note to 1b above
77 New Khuddakapàñha
7. Tirokuóóasuttaü1
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tirokuóóesu tiññhanti, sandhisiïghàñakesu ca, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dvàrabàhàsu tiññhanti, àgantvàna sakaü gharaü. [1]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pahute2 annapànamhi, khajjabhojje upaññhite, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula na tesaü koci sarati sattànaü kammapaccayà. [2]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü dadanti ÿàtãnaü ye honti anukampakà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ suciü paõãtaü kàlena, kappiyaü pànabhojanaü. [3]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßidaü vo ÿàtinaü3 hotu, sukhità hontu ÿàtayo!û ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ te ca tattha samàgantvà, ÿàtipetà samàgatà, [4]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 4pahute5 annapànamhi, sakkaccaü anumodare: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßciraü jãvantu no ÿàtã! yesaü hetu labhàmase,6 [5]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ amhàkaÿ-ca katà påjà, dàyakà ca anipphalà!û ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ na hi tattha kasã7 atthi, gorakkhettha na vijjati, [6]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vaõijjà tàdisã natthi, hiraÿÿena kayakkayaü.8 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ito dinnena yàpenti, petà kàlakatà9 tahiü. [7]
1 Se: Tirokuóóakaõóaü. It also quotes Dhp 290 in brackets at the beginning of the sutta, (but without cross-reference): mattàsukhapariccàgà, passe ce vipulaü sukhaü, caje mattàsukhaü dhãro, sampassaü vipulaü sukhaü. 2 Ce, Ee, Be: pahåte, but see the remark in the commentary (Ee pg 207). 3 Be: ÿàtãnaü, as in 3a above, but read i with the other editions to give the pathyà cadence 4 Ce divides the following 3 verses differently, therefore vs 8 = vs 7 in that edition, and so from there on 5 Ce, Ee, Be: pahåte 6 Se: labhàmhase 7 Se: kasi, ã is m.c. to give the pathyà cadence (savipula being normally excluded in late Siloka) 8 Ce: kayàkkayaü; Se, Be: kayàkayaü 9 Ee, Be: kàlagatà
78 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ unname udakaü vaññhaü,1 yathà ninnaü pavattati, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evameva2 ito dinnaü, petànaü upakappati. [8]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yathà vàrivahà pårà paripårenti sàgaraü, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evameva3 ito dinnaü, petànaü upakappati. [9]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ßadàsi me, akàsi4 me, ÿàtimittà sakhà ca me,û ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ petànaü dakkhiõaü dajjà, pubbe katam-anussaraü. [10]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ na hi ruõõaü5 va,6 soko và, yà caÿÿà paridevanà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ na taü petànam-atthàya, evaü tiññhanti ÿàtayo. [11]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ayaü kho7 dakkhiõà dinnà, saïghamhi suppatiññhità, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜ Û ÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dãgharattaü hitàyassa, ñhànaso upakappati. [12]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà so ÿàtidhammo ca ayaü nidassito ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti petàna'8 påjà ca katà uëàrà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Upajàti balaÿ-ca bhikkhånam-anuppadinnaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vaüsaññhà tumhehi puÿÿaü pasutaü anappakan-ti!9 [13]
Tirokuóóasuttaü Niññhitaü10
1 Ee: vaññaü; Se: vuññhaü 2 Be: evam-evaü 3 Be: evam-evaü 4 It's rather surpising we find no reading akàsã to give pathyà here 5 Ce: runnaü (corrected thus from ruõõaü in the èuddhi patraya) 6 Be: và, but short a is needed m.c. to give the pathyà cadence 7 Ee, Se: ayaü ca kho 8 Ee: petànaü, niggahãta is lost m.c. to avoid the opening ÜÜÜÜ 9 Ee, Ce: anappakaü, omit ti 10 Se: Tirokuóóakaõóaü niññhitaü
79 New Khuddakapàñha
8. Nidhikaõóasuttaü1
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula nidhiü nidheti puriso gambhãre odakantike: ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßatthe kicce samuppanne atthàya me bhavissati, [1]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ràjato và duruttassa, corato pãëitassa và, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iõassa và pamokkhàya, dubbhikkhe àpadàsu và.û ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ etad-atthàya lokasmiü nidhi nàma nidhãyati.2 [2]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tàvassunihito3 santo gambhãre odakantike, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ na sabbo sabbadà eva4 tassa taü upakappati, [3]
ÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula nidhi5và ñhànà cavati, saÿÿà vàssa vimuyhati,6 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nàgà và apanàmenti, yakkhà và pi haranti naü, [4]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ appiyà và pi dàyàdà uddharanti apassato, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yadà puÿÿakkhayo hoti sabbam-etaü vinassati. [5]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa dànena sãlena, saüyamena7damena ca, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nidhã8sunihito hoti, itthiyà purisassa9và, [6]
1 Se: Nidhikaõóaü 2 Se: nidiyyati 3 Ce, Ee, Be: tàva sunihito 4 Se: yeva 5 Ee: nidhã 6 Note that yh makes position 7 Se: saÿÿamena 8 Se: nidhi, ã avoids the opening ÛÛÛ 9 Ce: purissa (printer's error)
80 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ cetiyamhi va1saïghe và, puggale atithãsu và, ÜÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula màtari pitari2 và pi3, atho jeññhamhi bhàtari, [7]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula eso nidhã4 sunihito, ajeyyo anugàmiko. ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pahàya gamanãyesu, etaü àdàya gacchati. [8]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ asàdhàraõa-m-aÿÿesaü, acoràharaõo5 nidhi, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kayiràtha dhãrÖ puÿÿàni, yo nidhã6 anugàmiko. [9]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ esa devamanussànaü sabbakàmadado nidhi, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü yad-evàbhipatthenti7 sabbam-etena labbhati. [10]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula suvaõõatà, sussaratà,8 susaõñhàna9suråpatà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula àdhipacca10parivàro11, sabbam-etena labbhati [11].
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula padesarajjaü, issariyaü,12 cakkavattisukham-pi yaü,13 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ devarajjam-pi dibbesu, sabbam-etena labbhati. [12]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mànussikà14 ca sampatti, devaloke ca yà rati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yà ca nibbànasampatti, sabbam-etena labbhati. [13]
1 Se: ca. But va seems to be the better reading with the short syllable m.c. to give the pathyà cadence 2 Note that the opening ÅÛÛÛ is unusual with the bhavipula. Also one might expect a reading pitarã to give the pathyà cadence 3 Be: càpi 4 Ee, Se, Be: nidhi, but ã is necessary here to give the navipula opening ÅÜÛÜ 5 Ce, Se: acoraharaõo 6 Ee, Se, Be: nidhi, ã is m.c. to avoid the opening ÜÛÛ 7 Se: yaü yaü devàbhipatthenti 8 Se, Be: susuratà 9 Se: susaõñhànaü 10 Se: àdhipaccaü 11 Ce: parivàraü 12 Pathyà cadence, but with a long 5th syllable 13 Be: sukhaü piyaü; Se: piyaü 14 Ee, Ce: mànusikà, ss is to avoid the opening ÜÛÛ
81 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mittasampadam-àgamma, yoniso ca1 payuÿjato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables vijjà vimutti vasãbhàvo2 sabbam-etena labbhati. [14]
ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pañisambhidà, vimokkhà ca, yà ca sàvakapàramã, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables paccekabodhi, buddhabhåmi, sabbam-etena labbhati. [15]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ evaü mahatthikà esà, yad-idaü puÿÿasampadà, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tasmà dhãrà pasaüsanti paõóità katapuÿÿatan-ti. 3 [16]
Nidhikaõóasuttaü Niññhitaü4.
9. Mettasuttaü5
ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜÐÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ karaõãyam-atthakusalena, yan-taü6 santaü padaü abhisamecca: ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ sakko ujå ca såjå7 ca, suvaco cassa mudu anatimànã, [1]
ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ santussako ca subharo ca, appakicco ca sallahukavutti, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ santindriyo ca nipako ca, appagabbho kulesvananugiddho, 8 [2]
ÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ na ca khuddaü samàcare9 kiÿci yena viÿÿå pare upavadeyyuü. ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ ßsukhino va10 khemino hontu, sabbe11 sattà bhavantu sukhitattà! [3]
1 Ee: yoniso ve; Se: yoniso ce; Be: yoniso va 2 One would expect to find a reading vasi which we could then understand to be a resolved 6th syllable, note that the 5th is not resolved (the syllable needs to be short) 3 Ce, Ee: katapuÿÿataü 4 Se: Nidhikaõóaü niññhitaü 5 Se: Karaõãyamettasuttaü, (but at the end Mettasuttaü niññhitaü) 6 Be: yanta' to give the jagaõa 121 7 Se, Be: suhujå, both are acceptable metrically 8 Ee, Ce, Se: kulesu ananugiddho, but that leaves the metre wrong 9 Be: na ca khuddam-àcare kiÿci, which corrects the metre cf. Alsdorf in Die âryàStrophen... 10 Ce, Ee, Se: và, which then reads as Siloka with resolution of the 1st syllable. 11 Be: sabba, here and in 5d below, to produce the jagaõa ÛÜÛ
82 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÛÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ ye keci pàõabhåtatthi tasà và thàvarà1 vanavasesà, ÜÜÜÜÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ dãghà và ye mahantà và,2 majjhimà rassakà aõuka3thålà, [4]
ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÜÐÐ ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ diññhà và ye va4 adiññhà,5 ye ca6 dåre vasanti avidåre, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐ ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ bhåtà va7 sambhavesã và8 sabbe9 sattà bhavantu sukhitattà!û [5]
ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐ ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ na paro paraü nikubbetha, nàtimaÿÿetha katthaci na'10 kaÿci, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜÐÐ ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ byàrosanà pañighasaÿÿà nàÿÿamaÿÿassa dukkham-iccheyya. [6]
ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ màtà yathà niyaü puttaü11 àyusà ekaputtam-anurakkhe, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐ ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ evam-pi sabbabhåtesu mànasaü12 bhàvaye aparimàõaü, [7]
ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ mettaÿ-ca sabbalokasmiü13 mànasaü bhàvaye aparimàõaü, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜÐÐ ÛÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ uddhaü adho ca tiriyaÿ-ca,14 asambàdhaü averam15-asapattaü. [8]
1 Ee, Ce, Se: tasà và thàvarà và anavasesà 2 Be reads dãghà và ye va mahantà, which `corrects' the metre, but that looks very much like a scribal `correction', and the line as it stands reads as Siloka 3 Ce: rassakà 'õuka, but this reading is very poor metrically 4 Ee: và; Se: ca 5 Ee, Ce: addiññhà 6 Be: va, 7 Ce, Ee, Se: và, which gives Siloka 8 Be: va, Norman's suggests (GD II, pg 177) that we need to read va twice in this line to get Old Gãti (âryà) but that is not necessary. 9 Be: sabba, see note to 3d above 10 Ee, Ce, Se: naü 11 Be: puttam, to give jagaõa, but it produces a sandhi across the two halves of the pàdayuga 12 Ee, Se: mànasam, here and in next verse 13 Be: lokasmi', to give jagaõa, but the reading is not acceptable at the end of the half line, and not necessary either 14 Ce: tiriyaü ca 15 Ee, Ce, Se: averaü
83 New Khuddakapàñha
ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÛÜÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ tiññhaü1 caraü nisinno và,2 sayàno và yàvatassa vigatamiddho,3 ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ etaü satiü adiññheyya, brahmam-etaü vihàram4-idha-m-àhu. [9]
ÜÜÛÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ diññhiÿ-ca anupagamma, sãlavà5 dassanena sampanno, ÜÜÛÛÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÜ kàmesu vineyya6 gedhaü, na hi jàtu gabbhaseyyaü7 puna-r-etã ti.8 [10]
Mettasuttaü Niññhitaü.
Khuddakapàñho Niññhito9
1 Se: tiññhaÿ 2 Be: va 3 Be: sayàno yàvatàssa vigamiddho. This line as it stands is very poor metrically, but the Burmese `correcton' is not very convincing 4 Ee, Ce, Se: vihàraü 5 Be `corrects' the line to read diññhiÿ-ca anupaggamma sãlava, but that still leaves the metre defective, with a short 2nd gaõa. The line as it stands scans as Siloka, with the savipula. If it really is supposed to be Old Gãti there appears to be a word missing, Norman suggests (GD II, pg178) reading diññhiÿ-ca
84 New Khuddakapàñha
Complete Word Index
85 New Khuddakapàñha
86 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes akàsi, 7-10 annapànamhi, 7-2, 7-5 àhàraññhitikà, 4 acintayuü, 5-1 apanàmenti, 8-4 àhu, 6-5, 9-9 acoràharaõo, 8-9 aparàjità, 5-12 iccheyya, 9-6 ajeyyo, 8-8 aparimàõaü, 9-7, 9-8 iõassa, 8-2 ajjhagà, 6-4 apassato, 8-5 ito, 7-7, 7-8, 7-9 ajjhattikàni, 4 appakicco, 9-2 itthiyà, 8-6 ajjhabhàsi, 5pr appagabbho, 9-2 idaü, 7-4, 8-16 aÿÿatarà, 5pr appamattà, 6-2 idam, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, aÿÿesaü, 8-9 appamàdo, 5-7 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6- aññha, 4, 6-6 appiyà, 8-5 11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14 aññhaïgiko, 4 abrahmacariyà, 2 idha, 6-3, 9-9 aññhamam, 6-9 abhabbatà, 6-11 imasmiü, 3 aññhàsi, 5pr abhabbÖ, 6-10, 6-11 issariyaü, 8-12 aññhi, 3 abhikkantavaõõà, 5pr uccàsayanamahàsayanà, aññhimiÿjaü, 3 abhikkantàya, 5pr 2 aõuka thålà, 9-4 abhivàdetvà, 5pr ujå, 9-1 atithãsu, 8-7 abhisamecca, 9-1 uttamaü, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, attasammàpaõidhi, 5-3 amataü, 6-4, 6-7 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, atthakusalena, 9-1 amhàkaÿ, 7-6 5-9, 5-10, 5-11 atthàya, 7-11, 8-1, 8-2 ayaü, 7-12, 7-13 uttaman, 5-12 atthi, 3, 6-3, 6-10, 7-6 arahà, 4 uda, 6-11 atthe, 8-1 ariya saccàni, 6-9 udakaü, 7-8 atha, 5pr ariyasaccàna', 5-10 udariyaü, 3 atho, 6-1, 8-7 ariyasaccàni, 4, 6-8 uddhaü, 9-8 adàsi, 7-10 ariyo, 4 uddharanti, 8-5 adiññhà, 9-5 avidåre, 9-5 unname, 7-8 adiññheyya, 9-9 aviråëhichandà, 6-14 upakappati, 7-8, 7-9, 7- adinnàdànà, 2 avecca, 6-8 12, 8-3 adesayi, 6-12, 6-13 averam, 9-8 upaññhànaü, 5-5 adho, 9-8 asapattaü, 9-8 upaññhite, 7-2 anatimànã, 9-1 asampakampiyo, 6-8 upavadeyyuü, 9-3 anappakan, 7-13 asambàdhaü, 9-8 upasaïkamitvà, 5pr anavajjàni, 5-6 asàdhàraõa, 8-9 uëàrà, 7-13 anàkulà, 5-5 asevanà, 5-2 ekaü, 4, 5pr anàthapiõóikassa, 5pr asokaü, 5-11 ekaputtam, 9-7 anipphalà, 7-6 assu, 3 ekamantaü, 5pr anukampakà, 7-3 àkaïkhamànà, 5-1 etaü, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, anugàmiko, 8-8, 8-9 àgantvàna, 7-1 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, anuttaro, 6-13 àgamma, 8-14 5-11, 8-5, 8-8, 9-9 anupagamma, 9-10 àdàya, 8-8 etad, 8-2 anuppadinnaü, 7-13 àdiyanti, 6-9 etàdisàni, 5-12 anumodare, 7-5 àdhipacca, 8-11 etàni, 6-6 anurakkhe, 9-7 ànantarikaÿ, 6-5 etã, 9-10 anussaraü, 7-10 àpadàsu, 8-2 etena, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, antaü, 3 àyatanàni, 4 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6- antaguõaü, 3 àyusà, 9-7 11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 8- antalikkhe, 6-1, 6-15, 6- àratã, 5-7 10, 8-11, 8-12, 8-13, 8- 16, 6-17 àràme, 5pr 14, 8-15 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes etesu, 6-6 koci, 7-2 jàtu, 9-10 eva, 8-3 khajjabhojje, 7-2 jãvantu, 7-5 evaü, 5pr, 7-3, 7-11, 8- khantã, 5-9 jeññhamhi, 8-7 16 khayaü, 6-4 jetavanaü, 5pr evam, 9-7 khãõaü, 6-14 jetavane, 5pr evameva, 7-8, 7-9 khãõabãjà, 6-14 ÿam, 6-5 evàbhipatthenti, 8-10 khuddaü, 9-3 ÿàtakànaÿ, 5-6 esa, 8-10 khemaü, 5-11 ÿàtayo, 7-11 esà, 8-16 khemino, 9-3 ÿàtidhammo, 7-13 eso, 8-8 khelo, 3 ÿàtinaü, 7-4 odakantike, 8-1, 8-3 kho, 5pr, 7-12 ÿàtipetà, 7-4 obhàsetvà, 5pr gacchati, 8-8 ÿàtimittà, 7-10 kaÿci, 9-6 gacchanti, 5-12 ÿàtã, 7-5 kataÿÿutà, 5-8 gacchàmi, 1 ÿàtãnaü, 7-3 katapuÿÿatan, 8-16 gabbhaseyyaü, 9-10 ñhànaso, 7-12 katapuÿÿatà, 5-3 gamanãyesu, 8-8 ñhànà, 8-4 katam, 7-10 gambhãrapaÿÿena, 6-9 ñhità, 5pr katà, 7-6, 7-13 gambhãre, 8-1, 8-3 taü, 5-12, 7-11, 8-3, 9-1 katthaci, 9-6 gàthàya, 5pr taco, 3 katvàna, 5-12 gàravo, 5-8 tatiyam, 1 kappiyaü, 7-3 gimhàna màse, 6-12 tattha, 7-4, 7-6 kampati, 5-11 gimhe, 6-12 tathàgataü, 6-15, 6-16, kammaü, 6-11 gedhaü, 9-10 6-17 kammantà, 5-5 gotamasàsanamhi, 6-7 tathàgatena, 6-3 kammapaccayà, 7-2 gorakkhettha, 7-6 tathåpamaü, 6-8, 6-12 kammàni, 5-6 gharaü, 7-1 tapo, 5-10 kayakkayaü, 7-7 ca, 4, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, tayassu, 6-10 kayiràtha, 8-9 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9, tasà, 9-4 karaõãyam, 9-1 5-10, 6-2, 6-10, 7-1, 7- tasmà, 6-2, 8-16 karãsaü, 3 4, 7-6, 7-10, 7-13, 8-6, tassa, 6-11, 8-3 karoti, 6-11 8-13, 8-14, 8-15, 9-1, 9- tahiü, 7-7 karotha, 6-2 2, 9-3, 9-5, 9-8, 9-10 tàdisã, 7-7 kasã, 7-6 cakkavattisukham, 8-12 tàyassa, 7-12 kàtuü, 6-10 caÿÿà, 7-11 tàvassunihito, 8-3 kàmesu, 9-10 catubbhi, 6-8 ti, 3, 4, 5-12, 7-13, 8-16, kàye, 3 catåhapàyehi, 6-10 9-10 kàyena, 6-11 cattàri, 4, 6-6 tiññhaü, 9-9 kàlakatà, 7-7 caraü, 9-9 tiññhanti, 7-1, 7-11 kàlena, 5-8, 5-9, 7-3 cavati, 8-4 tiriyaÿ, 9-8 kiü, 4 cassa, 9-1 tirokuóóesu, 7-1 kicce, 8-1 càbhiñhànàni, 6-10 tisso, 4 kiÿcàpi, 6-9, 6-11 cittaü, 5-11 tãõi, 4 kiÿci, 6-3, 6-10, 9-3 ciraü, 7-5 tumhehi, 7-13 kilomakaü, 3 cetasà, 6-11 te, 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-14, 7- kulesvananugiddho, 9-2 cetiyamhi, 8-7 4 keci, 9-4 corato, 8-2 tena, 6-5 kevalakappaü, 5pr cha, 4, 6-10 tenupasaïkam, 5pr kesà, 3 jahità, 6-10 tesaü, 5-12, 7-2
88 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes thàvarà, 9-4 dhammasàkacchà, 5-9 paÿca, 4 dakkhiõaü, 7-10 dhammà, 6-10 paÿcupàdànakkhandhà, dakkhiõà, 7-12 dhamme, 6-4, 6-5 4 dakkhiõeyyà, 6-6 dhammesu, 5-7 pañighasaÿÿà, 9-6 dajjà, 7-10 dhãrà, 6-14, 8-16 pañicchadàya, 6-11 dadanti, 7-3 dhãrÖ, 8-9 pañiråpadesavàso, 5-3 dantà, 3 na, 5-11, 6-3, 6-5, 6-9, 7- pañisambhidà, 8-15 damena, 8-6 2, 7-6, 7-11, 8-3, 9-3, 9- pañhamasmiü, 6-12 daëhena, 6-7 6, 9-10 pañhaviü, 6-8 dasa, 4 na', 9-6 paõãtaü, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6- dasahaïgehi, 4 naü, 8-4 6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6- dassanaü, 5-9, 5-10 nakhà, 3 11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 7-3 dassanasampadàya, 6-10 naccagãtavàditavisåkada paõóità, 8-16 dassanena, 9-10 ssanà, 2 paõóitànaÿ, 5-2 dànaÿ, 5-6 natthi, 6-14, 7-7 pattipattà, 6-7 dànena, 8-6 namassàma, 6-15, 6-16, padaü, 9-1 dàyakà, 7-6 6-17 padãpo, 6-14 dàyàdà, 8-5 nava, 4 padesarajjaü, 8-12 diññhapadassa, 6-11 navaü, 6-14 papphàsaü, 3 diññhà, 9-5 nahàru, 3 pamokkhàya, 8-2 diññhiÿ, 9-10 nàgà, 8-4 payuÿjato, 8-14 dinnaü, 7-8, 7-9 nàÿÿamaÿÿassa, 9-6 paraü, 9-6 dinnà, 7-12 nàtimaÿÿetha, 9-6 paramaühitàya, 6-12 dinnàni, 6-6 nàma, 4, 8-2 paridevanà, 7-11 dinnena, 7-7 nàmaÿ, 4 paripårenti, 7-9 dibbesu, 8-12 nikubbetha, 9-6 parivaõõayã, 6-5 divà, 6-2 nikkàmino, 6-7 parivàro, 8-11 dãgharattaü, 7-12 nidassito, 7-13 pare, 9-3 dãghà, 9-4 nidhi, 8-2, 8-4, 8-9, 8-10 paro, 9-6 dukkham, 9-6 nidhiü, 8-1 pavattati, 7-8 dutiyam, 1 nidhã, 8-6, 8-8, 8-9 pasaüsanti, 8-16 dubbhikkhe, 8-2 nidhãyati, 8-2 pasatthà, 6-6 duruttassa, 8-2 nidheti, 8-1 pasutaü, 7-13 dåre, 9-5 ninnaü, 7-8 passati, 6-8 devatà, 5pr nipako, 9-2 pahàya, 8-8 devamanussapåjitaü, 6- nibbanti, 6-14 pahute, 7-2, 7-5 15, 6-16, 6-17 nibbàna, 5-10 pàõabhåtatthi, 9-4 devamanussànaü, 8-10 nibbànagàmiü, 6-12 pàõàtipàtà, 2 devarajjam, 8-12 nibbànasampatti, 8-13 pànabhojanaü, 7-3 devaloke, 8-13 nibbutiü, 6-7 pàpakaü, 6-11 devà, 5-1 niyaü, 9-7 pàpà, 5-7 dvàrabàhàsu, 7-1 nivàto, 5-8 pi, 1, 6-1, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, dve, 4 nisàmetha, 6-2 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, dhammaü, 1, 6-16 nisinno, 9-9 6-11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, dhammacariyà, 5-6 ne, 6-2 8-4, 8-5, 8-7, 8-12, 9-7 dhammavaraü, 6-12, 6- no, 6-3, 7-5 pitari, 8-7 13 paccekabodhi, 8-15 pittaü, 3 dhammasavaõaü, 5-8 pajàya, 6-2 pihakaü, 3
89 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes pãëitassa, 8-2 bhikkhånam, 7-13 16 puggalà, 6-6 bhuÿjamànà, 6-7 yadà, 8-5 puggale, 8-7 bhummàni, 6-1, 6-15, 6- yan, 9-1 puÿÿaü, 7-13 16, 6-17 yam, 6-5, 6-14 puÿÿakkhayo, 8-5 bhusappamattà, 6-9 yassa, 5-11, 8-6 puÿÿasampadà, 8-16 bhåtà, 6-1, 6-2, 9-5 yà, 5-4, 7-11, 8-13, 8-15 puÿÿàni, 8-9 bhåtàni, 6-1, 6-15, 6-16, yàni, 6-1, 6-15, 6-16, 6- puttaü, 9-7 6-17 17 puttadàrassa, 5-5 maüsaü, 3 yànãdha, 6-1, 6-15, 6-16, puna, 9-10 maggo, 4 6-17 pubbe, 5-3, 7-10 majjapànà, 5-7 yàpenti, 7-7 pubbo, 3 majjhimà, 9-4 yàvatassa, 9-9 puràõaü, 6-14 matthake, 3 yugàni, 6-6 purisassa, 8-6 matthaluïgan, 3 ye, 6-2, 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 7- puriso, 8-1 manasà, 6-7 3, 9-4, 9-5 påjanãyànaü, 5-2 manussà, 5-1 yena, 5pr, 9-3 påjà, 5-2, 7-6, 7-13 maïgalam, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, yesaü, 7-5 pårà, 7-9 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, yo, 6-8, 8-9 petà, 7-7 5-9, 5-10, 5-11, 5-12 yoniso, 8-14 petàna', 7-13 maïgalàni, 5-1 rakkhatha, 6-2 petànaü, 7-8, 7-9, 7-10 mahatthikà, 8-16 ratanaü, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, petànam, 7-11 mahantà, 9-4 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, phuññhassa, 5-11 mahapphalàni, 6-6 6-11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14 phussitagge, 6-12 màtari, 8-7 rati, 8-13 balaÿ, 7-13 màtà, 9-7 rattiyà, 5pr baliü, 6-2 màtàpitu, 5-5 ratto, 6-2 bahå, 5-1 mànasaü, 9-7, 9-8 rassakà, 9-4 bàlànaü, 5-2 mànusiyà, 6-2 ràjato, 8-2 bàhusaccaÿ, 5-4 mànussikà, 8-13 ruõõaü, 7-11 buddhaü, 1, 6-15 màlàgandhavilepanadhà råpaÿ, 4 buddhabhåmi, 8-15 raõamaõóanavibhåsana laddhà, 6-7 buddhaseññho, 6-5 ññhànà, 2 labbhati, 8-10, 8-11, 8- buddhe, 6-3, 6-12, 6-13 mittasampadam, 8-14 12, 8-13, 8-14, 8-15 bojjhaïgà, 4 muttaü, 3 labhàmase, 7-5 byàrosanà, 9-6 mudu, 9-1 lasikà, 3 brahmacariyaÿ, 5-10 mudhà, 6-7 lokadhammehi, 5-11 brahmam, 9-9 musàvàdà, 2 lokasmiü, 8-2 bråhi, 5-1 me, 5pr, 7-10, 8-1 lomà, 3 bhagavantaü, 5pr mettaü, 6-2 lohitaü, 3 bhagavà, 5pr mettaÿ, 9-8 va, 6-1, 6-15, 6-16, 6-17, bhavaü, 6-9 medo, 3 7-11, 8-7, 9-3, 9-5 bhavanti, 6-10 yaü, 6-3, 8-10, 8-12 vakkaü, 3 bhavantu, 6-1, 9-3, 9-5 yakanaü, 3 vaññhaü, 7-8 bhavasmiü, 6-14 yakkhà, 8-4 vaõijjà, 7-7 bhavissati, 8-1 yathà, 6-12, 6-14, 7-8, 7- vadàmi, 6-8 bhàtari, 8-7 9, 9-7 vanappagumbe, 6-12 bhàvaye, 9-7, 9-8 yathindakhãlo, 6-8 vanavasesà, 9-4 bhàsitaü, 6-1 yad, 6-4, 6-10, 8-10, 8- varaÿÿå, 6-13
90 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes varado, 6-13 sakko, 9-1 samàdhinà, 6-5 varàharo, 6-13 sakyamunã, 6-4 samàdhim, 6-5 varo, 6-13 sakhà, 7-10 samàhito, 6-4 vasanti, 9-5 saggesu, 6-3 samuppanne, 8-1 vasà, 3 saccena, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6- samo, 6-5 vasãbhàvo, 8-14 6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6- sampatti, 8-13 vassa, 6-10 11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14 sampanno, 9-10 và, 6-1, 6-3, 6-10, 6-15, sacchikiriyà, 5-10 sambhavaü, 6-14 6-16, 6-17, 7-11, 8-2, 8- saÿÿamo, 5-7 sambhavesã, 9-5 4, 8-5, 8-6, 8-7, 9-4, 9- saÿÿà, 8-4 sayàno, 9-9 5, 9-9 satam, 6-6 saraõaü, 1 vàcà, 5-4, 6-11 satiü, 9-9 sarati, 7-2 vàtehi, 6-8 satta, 4 sallahukavutti, 9-2 vàrivahà, 7-9 sattà, 4, 9-3, 9-5 sahà, 6-10 vàssa, 8-4 sattànaü, 7-2 sà, 5pr vikàlabhojanà, 2 sattàvàsà, 4 sàgaraü, 7-9 vigatamiddho, 9-9 saïgaho, 5-5, 5-6 sàvakapàramã, 8-15 vigayha, 6-7 saïghaü, 1, 6-17 sàvakà, 6-6 vicikicchitaÿ, 6-10 saïghamhi, 7-12 sàvatthiyaü, 5pr vijjati, 6-5, 7-6 saïghe, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6- sito, 6-8 vijjà, 8-14 9, 6-10, 6-11, 6-14, 8-7 siïghànikà, 3 viÿÿå, 9-3 santaü, 9-1 sippaÿ, 5-4 vittaü, 6-3 santindriyo, 9-2 siyà, 6-8 vinayo, 5-4 santuññhã, 5-8 sãlabbataü, 6-10 vinassati, 8-5 santussako, 9-2 sãlavà, 9-10 vineyya, 9-10 santo, 8-3 sãlena, 8-6 vippamutto, 6-10 sandhisiïghàñakesu, 7-1 sukhitattà, 9-3, 9-5 vibhàvayanti, 6-9 sappurisaü, 6-8 sukhità, 7-4 vimutti, 8-14 sabbakàmadado, 8-10 sukhino, 9-3 vimuyhati, 8-4 sabbattha, 5-12 sugatassa, 6-6 vimokkhà, 8-15 sabbadà, 8-3 suciü, 6-5, 7-3 virajaü, 5-11 sabbabhåtesu, 9-7 suõantu, 6-1 viratã, 5-7 sabbam, 8-5, 8-10, 8-11, sutaü, 5pr virattacittàyatike, 6-14 8-12, 8-13, 8-14, 8-15 sudesitàni, 6-9 viràgaü, 6-4 sabbalokasmiü, 9-8 sunihito, 8-6, 8-8 viharati, 5pr sabbe, 4, 6-1, 6-2, 9-3, 9- suppatiññhità, 7-12 vihàram, 9-9 5 suppayuttà, 6-7 vuccatã, 4 sabbo, 8-3 subharo, 9-2 vuttà, 6-11 samaü, 6-3 subhàsità, 5-4 vedanà, 4 samaõànaÿ, 5-9 sumanà, 6-1 veramaõãsikkhàpadaü, samannàgato, 4 suràmerayamajjapamàd 2 samayaü, 5pr aññhànà, 2 vo, 7-4 samàgatà, 7-4 suråpatà, 8-11 saüyamena, 8-6 samàgatàni, 6-1, 6-15, 6- suvaco, 9-1 sakaü, 7-1 16, 6-17 suvaõõatà, 8-11 sakkacca, 6-1 samàgantvà, 7-4 suvatthi, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6- sakkaccaü, 7-5 samàcare, 9-3 6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6- sakkàyadiññhi, 6-10 samàdiyàmi, 2 11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 6-
91 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes
15, 6-16, 6-17 soko, 7-11 huraü, 6-3 susaõñhàna, 8-11 sotthànaü, 5-1 hetu, 7-5 susikkhito, 5-4 sotthiü, 5-12 hoti, 8-5, 8-6 sussaratà, 8-11 sovacassatà, 5-9 hotu, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, såjå, 9-1 hadayaü, 3 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6- sedo, 3 haranti, 6-2, 8-4 11, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 6- semhaü, 3 hi, 6-2, 7-6, 7-11, 7-12, 15, 6-16, 6-17, 7-4 sevanà, 5-2 9-10 honti, 6-6, 6-9, 7-3 so, 6-11, 7-13 hiraÿÿena, 7-7 hontu, 7-4, 9-3
92 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes
First Line Index
ßadàsi me, akàsi me, - ÿàtimittà sakhà ca me,û 7-10 appiyà và pi dàyàdà - uddharanti apassato, 8-5 amhàkaÿca katà påjà, - dàyakà ca anipphalà!û 7-6 ayaü kho dakkhiõà dinnà, - saïghamhi suppatiññhità, 7-12 asàdhàraõamaÿÿesaü, - acoràharaõo nidhi, 8-9 ßasevanà ca bàlànaü, - paõóitànaÿca sevanà, 5-2 àratã viratã pàpà, - majjapànà ca saÿÿamo, 5-7 ßidaü vo ÿàtinaü hotu, - sukhità hontu ÿàtayo!û 7-4 unname udakaü vaññhaü, - yathà ninnaü pavattati, 7-8 etàdisàni katvàna, - sabbatthamaparàjità, 5-12 evaü dadanti ÿàtãnaü - ye honti anukampakà, 7-3 evaü mahatthikà esà, - yadidaü puÿÿasampadà, 8-16 esa devamanussànaü - sabbakàmadado nidhi, 8-10 eso nidhã sunihito, - ajeyyo anugàmiko. 8-8 karaõãyamatthakusalena, 9-1 kiÿcàpi so kammaü karoti pàpakaü 6-11 khantã ca sovacassatà, - samaõànaÿca dassanaü, 5-9 khayaü viràgaü amataü paõãtaü 6-4 khãõaü puràõaü navaü natthi sambhavaü, 6-14 gàravo ca nivàto ca, - santuññhã ca kataÿÿutà, 5-8 cetiyamhi va saïghe và, - puggale atithãsu và, 8-7 tapo ca brahmacariyaÿca, - ariyasaccàna' dassanaü, 5-10 tasmà hi bhåtà nisàmetha sabbe, 6-2 tàvassunihito santo - gambhãre odakantike, 8-3 tiññhaü caraü nisinno và, 9-9 tirokuóóesu tiññhanti, - sandhisiïghàñakesu ca, 7-1 dànaÿca dhammacariyà ca, - ÿàtakànaÿca saïgaho, 5-6 diññhà và ye va adiññhà, 9-5 diññhiÿca anupagamma, 9-10 na ca khuddaü samàcare kiÿci 9-3 na paro paraü nikubbetha, 9-6 na hi ruõõaü va, soko và, - yà caÿÿà paridevanà, 7-11 nidhi và ñhànà cavati, - saÿÿà vàssa vimuyhati, 8-4 nidhiü nidheti puriso - gambhãre odakantike: 8-1 pañiråpadesavàso ca, - pubbe ca katapuÿÿatà, 5-3 pañisambhidà, vimokkhà ca, - yà ca sàvakapàramã, 8-15 padesarajjaü, issariyaü, - cakkavattisukhampi yaü, 8-12 pahute annapànamhi, - khajjabhojje upaññhite, 7-2 pahute annapànamhi, - sakkaccaü anumodare: 7-5 phuññhassa lokadhammehi, - cittaü yassa na kampati, 5-11 ßbahå devà manussà ca - maïgalàni acintayuü 5-1 bàhusaccaÿca sippaÿca, - vinayo ca susikkhito, 5-4 màtà yathà niyaü puttaü 9-7 màtàpituupaññhànaü, - puttadàrassa saïgaho, 5-5 mànussikà ca sampatti, - devaloke ca yà rati, 8-13 mittasampadamàgamma, - yoniso ca payuÿjato, 8-14
93 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes
mettaÿca sabbalokasmiü 9-8 yaü kiÿci vittaü idha và huraü và 6-3 yathà vàrivahà pårà - paripårenti sàgaraü, 7-9 yathindakhãlo pañhaviü sito siyà 6-8 yambuddhaseññho parivaõõayã suciü 6-5 yassa dànena sãlena, - saüyamena damena ca, 8-6 yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, 6-1 yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, 6-15 yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, 6-16 yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, 6-17 ye ariya saccàni vibhàvayanti, 6-9 ye keci pàõabhåtatthi 9-4 ye puggalà aññha satampasatthà 6-6 ye suppayuttà manasà daëhena 6-7 ràjato và duruttassa, - corato pãëitassa và, 8-2 vaõijjà tàdisã natthi, - hiraÿÿena kayakkayaü. 7-7 vanappagumbe yathà phussitagge 6-12 varo varaÿÿå varado varàharo, 6-13 santussako ca subharo ca, 9-2 sahà vassa dassanasampadàya 6-10 suvaõõatà, sussaratà, - susaõñhàna suråpatà, 8-11 so ÿàtidhammo ca ayaü nidassito 7-13
Index of the Metres
Siloka 5-1a, 5-2ac, 5-3a, 5-4ac, 5-5ac, 5-6ac, 5-7c, 5-8a, 5-9c, 5-10ac, 5-11ac, 5- pathyà: 12a, 7-1ac, 7-2a, 7-3a, 7-4ac, 7-5ace, 7-6ace, 7-7ac, 7-8ac, 7-9c, 7-10ac, 7-11ac, 8-1c, 8-2ace, 8-3ac, 8-4c, 8-5ac, 8-6ac, 8-7a, 8-8c, 8-9a, 8-10ac, 8-12c, 8-13ac, 8-14a, 8-15a, 8-16ac, (9-4c), (9-5ac)
navipulà: 5-3c, 5-8c, 7-2c, 8-1a, 8-8a bhavipulà: 8-4a, 8-11a mavipulà: 5-1c, 5-12c, 7-3c, 8-9c, 8-12a, 8-14c ravipulà: 8-15c, (9-10c) savipulà: 5-7a, 8-7c, 8-11c, (9-10a) tavipulà: Anuññhubha: 59a, 7-9a Tuññhubha: 6-1a-d, 6-2bd, 6-3a-d, 6-4ace, 6-5bde, 6-6abd-f, 6-7a-f, 6-8cde, 6-9a-f, 6- 10a-h, 6-11b-f, 6-12abd-f, 6-13ab, 6-14b-f, 6-15abd, 6-16abd, 61-7abd, 7-12bc Jagatã: 6-2ac, 6-4b, 6-5ac, 6-6c, 6-8abd, 6-11a, 6-12c, 6-13cd, 6-14a, 6-15c, 6- 16c, 6-17c, 7-12ad Old Gãti: 9-1a to 10d (with a few Siloka lines)
94 New Khuddakapàñha Indexes
The Dhammapada A New Edition
edited by
ânandajoti Bhikkhu (version 2.2, September 2007)
Preface
The original edition of this text and study was made around 2002, though I didn't date it at the time. A slightly revised version was made in February, 2005 while preparing the .pdf version of the file to reflect my current thinking about the use of titles in Pàëi. I also slightly revised the statistics in the study to bring them in line with the presentation in the Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada; and I once again revised the work in August/September, 2007 during the preparation of the Patna Dharmapada together with the Pàëi parallels.
ânandajoti Bhikkhu September, 2007
Introduction to the Prosody of the Dhammapada
1: The Text
The text of the Dhammapada as presented here has been established through a comparison of the four standard printed editions:
BJT: Dhammapadapàëi. Buddha Jayanti Tripitika Series, volume XXIV. Colombo 1960.
PTS: Dhammapada. Edited by O. von Hinˆber and K. R. Norman. Pali Text Society, Oxford, 1994.
Thai: Dhammapadagàthà. The Royal Thai Edition, volume 25. Originally published 2469 (i.e 1915), reprinted Bangkok, 2500 (i.e 1956).
ChS: Dhammapadapàëi. Chaññha Sangàyana Edition, 1956, reprinted Rangoon 1972.
I have also consulted the following texts for comparison of the readings (but have not entered the variants in the notes):
The Dhammapada. A new edition by Såriyagoóa Sumaïgala Thera, Pali Text Society, London 1914.
The Dhammapada. Edited by Nàrada Thera (4th Edition). 1993, reprinted Taiwan, 1999.
Dhammapadaññhakathà. Edited by Kahave Siri Ratanasàra Thera & Mahagoóa Siri ¥àõissara Thera. Simon Hewavitarne Bequest vol V. 1919; vol XIII, 1922 (= parts I & 2), reprinted Colombo 1991(?)
For the prosody I have consulted:
WD: The Word of the Doctrine (Dhammapada). Translated with an introduction and notes by K. R. Norman. Pali Text Society, Oxford, 1997.1
PM: Pali Metre. A. K. Warder. Pali Text Society, London, 1967.
1 I would like to note here that throughout this work I have also had the opportunity to consult with Prof. Norman on various points to do with the establishment of the text, and he has always answered most courteously and promptly - I am very grateful to him for all the help he has given. The debt I owe to his written works, of course, should be evident on every page. References WD are always to the note to the verse concerned, unless otherwise stated. The Prosody of the Dhammapada
When I started preparing the Dhammapada for the Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project, I really had no intention of re-establishing the text, but as the work progressed, and I grew more familiar with the Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka edition (BJT), it became clear that there were many problems in the text, including non-standard forms, Sanskritisation, and unmetrical readings. I therefore began a comparison of BJT with the other main editions and started entering the variant readings found therein. During the process of that work it became clear that none of the other texts were quite satisfactory either, and what had started out as a simple re-presentation of the text as it is found in the Sri Lankan tradition, has finished up requiring a complete re-appraisal of the text, especially from the point of view of its metre.
As with any verse text, of course, it is essential to understand the prosody that underlies the composition, otherwise the likelihood is that wrong readings will find their way into the text. This should not be understood as implying that every verse should be rigidly conformed to a standard metre. Indeed it is such unskilful editing that is one of the faults in the main editions available to us. To understand the prosody correctly, one must know not only what is its standard pattern, but also what amount of deviation is allowed from the norms that otherwise prevail. And to understand that we must let the texts themselves be our guide.
2: Preliminaries
1: Resolution
A normal feature of Pàëi prosody is the resolution of one presumed heavy syllable into two light ones.1 As I have explained elsewhere2 there is an underlying rule regarding resolution which states that only the first two syllables in a word may be resolved (including words that appear as the second half of a compound, or after a prefix).3 With the help of this rule we are able to identify more accurately the underlying variation, especially in the Siloka prior lines.4 In the text as here established I count resolution 61 times. 58 of these comply with the rule outlined above, and there are only two examples where the rule may not hold, the first at 27a, where the line in question is the opposite of a line in the preceding verse - something which often disturbs the prosody; and at 137c.
1 In this text syllables in resolution are normally coloured green and are underlined for the sake of identification. 2 See my Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon 1.15. 3 There is one exception to this, in that it appears from the texts themselves that na, when it precedes the word it modifies may form the first half of a resolved syllable. This is no doubt because of the close syntactic proximity of the negative with the word it is modifying. Examples of resolution including the negative can be seen in the text at 131d; 291d; 302f; 364d. 4 The general usefulness of this rule may be emphasized by noting that with its help we can certainly identify the variation involved in the following pàdas: 8e; 14bd; 21a; 47a; 48a; 182a; 183a; 183b; 185a; 223d; 228a; 231d; 232d; 248a; 283c; 292a; 302a; 333c; 389a; 414a; 418a - whereas otherwise we would have no way of correctly identifying the variation.
97 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
As can be seen from the table below the syllable most liable to resolution is the 1st, and in the Tuññhubha/Jagatã verses that occur in the Dhammapada it is the only resolution found (marked in red in the table - all the rest of the resolutions occur in Siloka lines).1
Resolution (total: 61 instances) Syllables 1st: (26 instances): 8a; 20e; 40b; 51d; 52d; 73a; 99a; 108d; 125d; 126d; 140d; 153c; 172c; 173c; 183b; 185a; 227e; 271c; 302f; 307d; 328c; 346d; 347d; 382c; 411c. 4th: (17 instances): 8e; 9b; 14bd; 74b; 131d; 185a; 223d; 228a; 231d; 232d; 233d; 248a; 291d; 302f; 333d; 364d; 414a. 5th: (2 instances): 21a; 27a. 6th: (11 instances): 47a; 48a; 181c; 182a; 183a; 275a; 283c; 292a; 302a; 333c; 418a. 7th: (3 instances): 246c; 387c; 409c. doubtful: 27a
We may note here that resolution is found in two places within the same line in the following lines: 185a (1st & 5th); 302f (1st & 4th).
2: Replacement
The compliment to the rule of resolution is the rule of replacement, which states that when 2 presumed light syllables are replaced by a heavy one, it is always the first two syllables in a word that are presumed to be light.
In this edition of the Dhammapada there is replacement in line with the rule at 40c & 125c. As with resolution, the application of the rule of replacement can also help us to identify the underlying structure of the verse, in a way that has not been recognised before. The reading at 19d (together with its repetition at 20f) has a Tuññhubha line with the following structure:
ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÐÜÛÜÜ Sa bhàgavà sàmaÿÿassa hoti.
In discussing lines like this it has hitherto been thought that there is replacement of two short syllables in 6th & 7th position by one heavy one (as is, indeed, normally the case).2 However if we accept the rule, we can see that it is in fact the 5th & 6th syllables that have been replaced, and the underlying structure of the break is: ,ÛÛÜ.
This shows once again how helpful the discovery of these rules has been to understanding the correct prosody of the texts.
1 Because of the nature of the prosody we do not normally count resolution as occuring in the mattacchandas verses (Vetàlãya/Opacchandasaka). 2 See Norman's comments in his notes to these verses in The Word of the Doctrine.
98 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
3: Sarabhatti
We must also include here the sarabhatti vowels (or epenthetic vowels) which have been written in the text, but which were not pronounced; these can sometimes look similar to resolution, but they can be easily identified as they nearly always involve two of the semi-vowels and/or the aspirate.1 Sarabhatti is found in the following 49 places:
arahati 9d, 10d, 230b -arahanto 98c ariya- 79c, 190c ariyaü 208b ariyaÿ- 191c ariyànaü 22d, 164b, 206a issariyaü 73c kadariyaü 223c kadariyà 177a kayiraÿ 313a, kayirati 292b kayirà 42a, 43a, 53b, 61c, 105c, 117ab, 118a, 159a, 281b, 330c kayiràtha 25c, 117c, 118b, 211a garahito 30d -cariyaü 61c, 155a, 156a, 312c -cariyavà 267b -cariyà 141a, 388b payirupàsati 64b, 65b -pariyodapanaü 183c pariyodapeyya 88c pahareyya 389a rahado 82a, 95c vajiraü 161d viriyam 112d viharantaü 8a
Note that occasionally in words that have sarabhatti vowels the vowel must have been pronounced and given its full value as in the following words, where it is necessary to count the vowel towards the metre:
arahataü 164a, 420c ariyo 270ad kayiràtha 118c, 313a viharantaü 7a viharanti 98c viharàma 197d, 198d, 199d
1 Rarely we find other combinations; in this text vajiraü, and elsewhere others like nahàru, kilesa, etc. are found.
99 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
4: Changes in word form
Because of the need to meet the requirements of the metre, which demands syllables of a specified length in certain places, to produce the rhythms which make up a verse, there are certain changes which take place in word form.1 As can be seen from the following lists it is the lengthening of i > ã, especially at the end of a word, that is by far the most common change that occurs. long ã at the end of a word (36 instances): vuññhã 13b; 14b munã 49d ramatã 99b; 116d vijjatã 127c; 128c khantã 184a jayatã 193c; 212ab; 213ab; 214ab; 215ab; 216ab; 282a; 283b sukhã 206d nayatã 257b àpajjatã 309b gatã 310a ratã 310b; 373b palavatã 334c sahatã 335a; 336a chattiüsatã 339a sabbadhã 340a bhàvayatã 350b dhammaratã 354c labhatã 374c sucã 393d long ã medially (14 instances): -vãriyaü 7d; 8d satãmato 24a; 91a -vãriyo 112b hirãnisedho 143a vãriyena 144c icchatã 162d sukhã 177d satãmataü 181d tatãyaü 309d satãmà 328d khantãbalaü 399c nandãbhava- 413c
1 It should be noted that in the lists that follow an attempt has been made to collect all the words that have been changed in the text metra causi. In the notes to the text itself there is no attempt to be comprehensive (which would only multiply the notes without good reason). There changes in word form are normally only discussed when there is need to explain why I have taken the reading in the text in preference to a variant reading.
100 The Prosody of the Dhammapada other vowels lengthened medially (6 instances): kasàm 143d ajjatanàm 227b -sàrãro 352e anåpalitto 353b -sàrãraü 400c niråpadhiü 418b shortening of vowels (6 instances): okata (from okato) 34b va 138d; 139bc; 195b; 409a attanaü 355d consonants doubled unhistorically (6 instances): suggatiü 18d; 319d ppacessati 44d; 45d kañukapphalaü 66d -cchecchati 350d consonant groups simplified (4 instances): dukhena 83c dukhà 186c; 203b; 302b niggahãta dropped (12 instances): kata' 74a yesa' 92d pañivadeyyu' 133b phuseyyu' 133d lokasmi' 143b macchàna' 182b buddhàna' 184d; 185f addhàna' 207b devàna' 224d vissàsa' 272c vanasmi' 334d
101 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
3: The Metres
There are 1733 lines in the Dhammapada, written in five metres, they are:
1. Siloka (Skt: øloka1) 1482 lines, 86% 2. Vetàlãya (Vaitàlãya) 94 lines, 5% 3. Opacchandasaka (Aupacchandasika) 11 lines, 0.5% 4. Tuññhubha (Triùñubh) 120 lines, 7% 5. Jagatã (Jagatã) 26 lines, 2%
Siloka
By far the most common metre in the canon, and in the Dhammapada in particular, is the Siloka which accounts for some 86% of the verses found in the collection.2 The Siloka is an addhasamavutta syllabic metre, which means it has two dissimilar lines which make up a pàdayuga; two pàdayugas (or occasionally three) make a verse. There are normally 8 syllables to each half of the pàdayuga (pair of lines).3
The Siloka has a pathyà (normal) structure and 7 variations. The normal structure can be described as follows: 4
ÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÜÅÐÐÉÅÅÅÐÛÜÛé
In the text as it has been established here there are pathyà lines in 82% of the Siloka pàdayugas.5 Another way to emphasise how high this percentage is, would be to note that there are only 7 Siloka verses in the whole collection that do not have pathyà lines in them.6
7 variations occur in the first half of the pàdayuga. They have the following structure (with the percentage of their occurrence7):
1 Identified as Anuññhubha (øloka) by Norman in The Word of the Doctrine (against his normal practice of calling the metre øloka). However the Anuññhubha is a samavutta metre; the Siloka (or øloka) is addhasamavutta, and they shouldn't be confused. 2 I count only one verse (No 330) as being mixed. The following are Siloka verses (giving a total of 352 verses, or 741 pàdayugas): 1-14, 21-23, 25-39, 41-43, 47-53, 55-79, 81-82, 85-93, 96-107, 109-124, 126, 129-140, 146-149, 152-176, 178, 181-183, 185-207, 209-220, 222-234, 239, 241-279, 282-283, 286-305, 307-308, 311-323, 327, 330, 332-333, 335-337, 339-340, 351-352, 355-361, 363-370, 372-387, 389, 391-423. 3 Occasionally we find 9 syllables if one is resolved; or, more rarely, 10 if 2 are resolved in the same half of the pàdayuga - for the latter see 8a (1st & 6th); 185a (1st & 5th); 302f (1st & 4th). 4 In what follows Û = a light syllable; Ü = a heavy one; Å = anceps, the syllable can be either light or heavy; É = one light, or one heavy, or two light syllables. 5 For the references see the tables in the Index of Metres. 6 Nos 23, 69, 87, 183, 196, 274, 303. 7 Note that percentages are approximate only.
102 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Anuññhubha É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Û Å 2% navipulà É Ü Å Ü Ð Û Û Û Å 2% bhavipulà É Ü Å Ü Ð Ü Û Û Å 3% mavipulà É Ü Å Ü Ð Ü, Ü Ü Å 7% ravipulà É Å Å Å, Ð Ü Û Ü Å 1% savipulà É Å Å Å Ð Û Û Ü Å 3% tavipulà É Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Ü Û Å
There are also 8 lines that are irregular.1
Verse no 150 is unusual because, as it stands, it is in Anuññhubha metre, but whether we should count this as a seperate metre, or as Siloka with 2 Anuññhubha variations in the prior line is not sure.
It is well established that in the opening of the Siloka metre, 2 light syllables are normally avoided in 2nd and 3rd positions. That this is so can be simply proved by reference to the texts themselves, and noting that the number of times this opening appears is very much less than a random choice could possibly entail. Besides this though, we can also see that changes are regularly made to word forms in order to avoid the opening.
When we examine the Dhammapada itself we can see that changes have been made in the following words in order to avoid the unwanted opening: 13b, 14b (vuññhã); 143a (hirãnisedho); 245a (hirãmatà); 269b (munã); 374c (labhatã); 399c (khantãbalaü); 413c (nandã-). This pattern is repeated in any of the Siloka texts found in the canonical works.
However, on closer inspection we can see that there are a significant number of occassions in the Dhammapada when the pattern ÅÛÛÅÐ does in fact turn up in the opening, sometimes even when it would be easy to `correct' the metre if the redacters had felt that it was wrong. Note that there are no `correcting' variants at all recorded for the following lines, where this `wrong' opening occurs: 3a; 4a; 68c; 99b; 148c; 265a; 268c; 363a; 375c; 420a; 421a. That is 11 times, and is more than the number of corrections m.c. that are listed above. Because of this I have not felt obliged to correct this opening when it occurs, if there is not good manuscript evidence for it, and have therefore let it stand at 1c; 2c; 121e; 140b; 382b; 415c. In all 6 instances there are metrically more correct readings found in the PTS edition, but they are for the most part based on the slim evidence of just 2 old Thai manuscripts, which can be shown to have a habit of `correcting' the metre, when they felt it to be wrong.
1 27a; 116c; 218c; 222c; 260a; 266a; 274c; 315a. These are commented on in the text.
103 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
Vetàlãya & Opacchandasaka
The most popular of the mattacchandas (measure) metres in the Dhammapada is the Vetàlãya. Whereas the Siloka, Tuññhubha & Jagatã1 metres are syllabic metres, and organise their lines by counting the syllables, in the mattacchandas metres it is the total number of measures (mattà) to the line which is the determining factor. In Vetàlãya the prior lines normally have 14 measures, and the posterior lines 16. With both the cadence is the same: ÜÛÜÛÅ. There are 105 lines in 30 verses in this metre, which is roughly 5.5% of the total number of verses.
There are only two verses in the Opacchandasaka metre, Nos 184 & 371, and some odd lines that turn up in what are otherwise Vetàlãya verses.2 This metre normally has 16 measures in the prior line, and 18 in the posterior. The cadence is similar to Vetàlãya, with an extra, heavy, syllable in penultimate position: ÜÛÜÛÜÅ .
The description of the openings is the same for both metres, so they will be treated together here.
In the prior lines the openings are: ÜÜÛÛ (sometimes syncopated to ÜÛÜÛ), 33 instances (= 52%). 3 ÛÛÜÛÛ (sometimes syncopated to ÛÜÛÛÛ) 17 instances (= 26%). 4 In 4 places we find this opening ÜÛÛÜ (179a; 235a; 348a; 388a); once ÜÛÛÛÛ (284a); once ÛÛÛÛÜ (95a); and once ÜÜÜ (349c). In this text I count the following prior lines as irregular: 24c; 45c; 237c; 334c; 349a; 350c; 362a.5
In the posterior lines the openings are: ÜÜÜÛÛ 24 instances (= 36%). 6 ÛÛÜÜÛÛ 24 instances (= 36%). 7 In 2 places we find this opening ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛ , which looks like a variation of the 2nd opening above (235b; 324d); once ÜÛÛÜÛÛ (342d); 8 and once ÛÜÜÛÜ (179b). There are 5 irregular lines: 236d; 240b; 324b; 343d; 362b.9
1 The latter two are discussed below. 2 179a; 342d; 344a; 362d. 3 15c; 16c; 17c; 18c; 24a; 44c; 45a; 80c; 145c; 179c; 180ac; 184a; 235c; 236ac; 238ac; 240c; 284a; 285ac; 324c; 341c; 342c; 343c; 344ac; 348c; 362c; 371ac; 388c. 4 15a; 16a; 17a; 18a; 44a; 80a; 95c; 145a; 184c; 237a; 240a; 284c; 324a; 341a; 342a; 343a; 350a. 5 These are commented on in the notes to the text. 6 15d; 16d; 17d; 18d; 45c; 80d; 95d; 145d; 180b; 184b; 235d; 236b; 237d; 238b; 284d; 285d; 334b; 341d; 344d; 348b; 350d; 362d; 371b; 388d. 7 16b; 18b; 24b; 44bd; 45bd; 80b; 145b; 179d; 180d; 184d; 238d; 240d; 284b; 285b; 334d; 341b; 342b; 343b; 344b; 348d; 350b; 388b. 8 We should perhaps regard this as a syncopated variant of the second opening. 9 These are discussed in the notes to the text.
104 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
The first of the openings listed above seems to have a secondary form, with a heavy syllable where we would expect to find a light one, giving the form ÜÛÜÜÛÛ . This opening occurs with such frequency,1 that there can be no doubt that the redacters felt that it was an acceptable variation. Various theories have been suggested to account for this variation,2 but up till now none of them are really very satisfactory.3
It is perhaps worth noting here that in verse, the last syllable in the line is always counted as heavy, no matter what its real length is. We could perhaps suggest that this phenomena, which is known as pàdantagaru, may well find its compliment here, where the first syllable sometimes has to be counted as light m.c., no matter what its true length is. We could perhaps call this phenomena pàdàdilahu, which would also be complimentary to the phenomena of pàdàdigaru, which is found in gaõacchandas verses.
Tuññhubha & Jagatã
Tuññhubha is a syllablic samavutta metre normally having 11 syllables to the line,4 and 4 lines to the verse. Approximately 7% of the verses in the Dhammapada are in this metre. The shape of the Tuññhubha line can be defined thus: ÅÜÅÜÐÅÛØÐÜÛÜÅ.
Jagatã is similar but has an extra, light, syllable in penultiumate position, giving a line which is defined thus: ÅÜÅÜÐÅÛØÐÜÛÜÛÅ. 2% of the lines are in this metre.
The most common form of the opening is ÅÜÛÜ, but we also come across the Vedic opening ÜÜÜÜ (142b); the syncopated opening ÜÜÛÛ (144f; 281b); and once we find ÜÛÜÜ (354a).
There are many forms to the break, but note that the sequence ÜÛÛ is very common, accounting for approximately 73% of the breaks, no matter where the caesura falls:
,ÜÛÛ 19b; 40ab; 46a; 54d; 83a; 94b; 108d; 127cd; 128cd; 141b; 142ad; 144d; 151ad; 208c; 221abd; 280b; 281c; 306c; 325bd; 326a; 328b; 329b; 331c; 338d; 345a; 346ad; 347b; 353a; 354bc; 390cd (41 lines = 29%). Ü,ÛÛ 19c; 20de; 40d; 46b; 54ac; 83bc; 84b; 108a; 127ab; 128ab; 141ad; 144cd; 151c; 177c; 208b; 280d; 281a; 306ad; 309cd; 310c; 329c; 331b; 338ab; 345c; 390b; 326d (36 lines = 25%).
1 15b; 17b; 24d; 95b; 237b; 349b; 349d; 371d. The last two of the lines listed here are syncopated. Possibly 343d should be regarded as an example of this variation also, see the note to that verse. 2 See Warder, PM, pg 121ff. for an assessment of the various ideas put forward. 3 In The Word of the Doctrine Norman makes various suggestions on how we could regularise these lines to give a normal opening, but it is worthwhile pointing out here, that a number of the changes suggested there are unusual and that not one of the suggestions has any manuscript support for it. 4 Sometimes, because of resolution, we find a Tuññhubha line with 12 syllables: 20e; 40b; 108d; 125d; 328c; 346d; 347d. In each case the resolution is of the 1st syllable giving the opening: ÛÛÜÛÜ.
105 The Prosody of the Dhammapada
ÜÛ,Û 20c; 46c; 94c; 125ab; 142c; 144c; 151b; 177d; 208a; 280ac; 309a; 310ab; 325ac; 328c; 331ad; 346c; 347c; 353b; 353d; 390a (25 lines = 17%). ,ÜÐÜÛÛ 208d; 328d; 338c; 345d (4 lines = 3%).
Other regular forms: ,ÛÛÛ 54b; 108c; 281b (3 lines = 2%). Û,ÛÛ 20b; 84a; 94ad; 328a; 329a (6 lines = 4%). ,ÛÛÜ 19a; 20a; 125d; 142b; 309b; 310d; 330c; 346b (8 lines = 6%). ,ÜÛÜ 46d; 83d; 84d; 177b; 326bc; 345b; 347d; 354a (9 lines = 6%). Ü,ÛÜ 354d (1 line = 1%).
The extended form of the metre, pausing at the fifth and restarting from the same syllable, occurs in 3 places, showing the following forms: Ü,ÛÛÜ 306b (1 line = 1%). Ü,ÜÛÜ 141c; 177a (2 lines = 1.5%).
Normally in the Tuññhubha break there is a light syllable in 6th position and most scholars1 have refused to countenance the possibility of a heavy syllable occurring in that position. However, as I have shown elsewhere,2 in the early verses there is one pattern to the break which does have a heavy 6th which occurs so regularly that it must be regarded as an acceptable variation. In this edition of the Dhammapada we find the same break occuring in 3 places: ÜÜ,Û 144a; 221c; 281d. There are 3 other occassions where we have a heavy 6th. They are ,ÜÜÛ 144b; 353c. & ,ÛÜÛ 108b. In each case we should probably correct the way we take the reading. See the notes in the text for a discussion.
There are 4 places where the break has only 2 syllables owing to replacement occurring at the 6th (see above). Ü,Ü 40c; 125c. ,ÜÜ 19d, 20f.
It should be noted that 347a is unusual in that there is nowhere we can easily count a break as occuring. The following lines, which are irregular, are commented on in the text: 84c, 329d; 330d.
1 Helmer Smith simply ignores the break in the appendix on the metres in his edition of Saddanãti (pg 1151-1154). Warder (PM, pg 208) says that it `should perhaps always be corrected'. 2 See my study of the metre in Pàràyanavagga, also on this Website.
106
Dhammapado1
Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa2
1: Yamakavaggo3
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 manopubbaïgamà dhammà, manoseññhà manomayà, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ manasà ce paduññhena bhàsati4 và karoti và, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ tato naü dukkham-anveti cakkaü va vahato padaü. [1]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 manopubbaïgamà dhammà, manoseññhà manomayà, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ manasà ce pasannena bhàsati5 và karoti và, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ tato naü sukham-anveti chàyà va anapàyinã.6 [2]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà ßakkocchi maü avadhi maü ajini maü ahàsi meû, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ye ca taü7 upanayhanti veraü tesaü na sammati. [3]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà ßakkocchi maü avadhi maü ajini maü ahàsi meû, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ye taü na upanayhanti8 veraü tesåpasammati. [4]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na hi verena veràni sammantãdha kudàcanaü,9 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ averena ca sammanti, esa dhammo sanantano. [5]
1 BJT: Suttantapiñake Khuddakanikàyo (dutiyo gantho) Dhammapadapàëi; ChS: Khuddakanikàye Dhammapadapàëã; Thai: Suttantapiñake Khuddakanikàyassa Dhammapadagàthà. 2 PTS omits this line. 3 PTS: Yamakavagga, and so for all the chapter titles from here on; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya pañhamo Yamakavaggo, and similarly for all the chapter titles from here on. 4 PTS: bhàsatã, for a discussion of this reading here and in the next verse see the The Prosody of the Dhammapada. 5 PTS: bhàsatã, cf. vs 1 above. 6 Thai: anupàyinã. 7 BJT, PTS: ye taü. 8 Thai: ye taü nåpanayhanti; ChS: ye ca taü nupanayhanti. 9 PTS: sammant' idha kudacana. A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pare ca na vijànanti mayam-ettha yamàmase,1 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ye ca tattha vijànanti tato sammanti medhagà. [6]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà subhànupassiü viharantaü indriyesu asaüvutaü, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà bhojanamhi amattaÿÿuü,2 kusãtaü hãnavãriyaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà taü ve pasahati3 màro vàto rukkhaü va dubbalaü. [7]
ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà asubhànupassiü viharantaü indriyesu susaüvutaü, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà bhojanamhi ca mattaÿÿuü, saddhaü àraddhavãriyaü, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà taü ve nappasahati4 màro vàto selaü va pabbataü. [8]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà anikkasàvo kàsàvaü yo vatthaü paridahessati,5 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà apeto damasaccena na so kàsàvam-arahati. [9]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca vantakasàvassa sãlesu susamàhito, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ upeto damasaccena sa ve kàsàvam-arahati. [10]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà asàre sàramatino sàre càsàradassino, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà te sàraü nàdhigacchanti micchàsaïkappagocarà. [11]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sàraÿ-ca sàrato ÿatvà asàraÿ-ca asàrato, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ te sàraü adhigacchanti sammàsaïkappagocarà. [12]
1 Thai: yamàmhase. 2 PTS, ChS: càmattaÿÿuü. 3 PTS: pasahatã. 4 PTS: -pasahatã. 5 ChS: paridahissati.
108 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà yathà agàraü1 ducchannaü vuññhã2 samativijjhati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà evaü abhàvitaü cittaü ràgo samativijjhati. [13]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà yathà agàraü3 succhannaü4 vuññhã5 na samativijjhati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà evaü subhàvitaü cittaü ràgo na samativijjhati. [14]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 idha socati pecca socati, ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ6 pàpakàrã ubhayattha socati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ so socati so vihaÿÿati ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ disvà kammakiliññham-attano. [15]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 idha modati pecca modati, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ katapuÿÿo ubhayattha modati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ so modati so pamodati ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ disvà kammavisuddhim7-attano. [16]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 idha tappati pecca tappati, ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ8 pàpakàrã ubhayattha tappati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ ßpàpaü mÕ katanû-ti tappati, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ bhiyyo tappati duggatiü gato. [17]
1 BJT: yathàgàraü. 2 BJT, PTS: vuññhi. ã in the text is m.c. to avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd position. I may state again here that changes in word form are normally only discussed in these notes when there is need to explain why I have taken the reading in the text in preference to a variant reading. 3 BJT: yathàgàraü. 4 ChS: suchannaü. 5 BJT, PTS: vuññhi. ã in the text is m.c. to avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd position. 6 Metre: This is an example of the variant opening discussed in the The Introduction to the Prosody. As Norman (WD) says we could also read pàpakàri m.c. which would give the syncopated opening ÜÛÜÛÛÛ , but note that no manuscripts support the reading. 7 BJT: kammavisuddham. 8 Metre: This is an example of the variant opening discussed in the Introduction. We could also read pàpakàri m.c. which would give the syncopated opening ÜÛÜÛÛÛ.
109 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 idha nandati pecca nandati, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ katapuÿÿo ubhayattha nandati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ ßpuÿÿaü mÕ katanû-ti nandati, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ bhiyyo nandati suggatiü gato. [18]
ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 bahum-pi ce sahitaü1 bhàsamàno, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na takkaro hoti naro pamatto, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ gopo va gàvo gaõayaü paresaü, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÐÜÛÜÜ 2 na bhàgavà sàmaÿÿassa hoti. [19]
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 6 appam-pi ce sahitaü3 bhàsamàno, ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhammassa hoti anudhammacàrã, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ràgaÿ-ca dosaÿ-ca pahàya mohaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sammappajàno suvimuttacitto, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ anupàdiyàno idha và huraü và, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÐÜÛÜÜ 4 sa bhàgavà sàmaÿÿassa hoti. [20]
Yamakavaggo pañhamo.5
1 ChS: saühita. 2 Metre: Two light syllables have been replaced by one heavy one at the 5th, see the Introduction to the Prosody for a discussion of this reading. 3 ChS: saühita. 4 Metre: Two light syllables have been replaced by one heavy one at the 5th. 5 ChS: Yamakavaggo pañhamo niññhito, and so for all the end titles from here on.
110 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
2: Appamàdavaggo1
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà appamàdo amatapadaü,2 pamàdo maccuno padaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà appamattà na mãyanti, ye pamattà yathà matà. [21]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 etaü visesato ÿatvà appamàdamhi paõóità, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ appamàde pamodanti, ariyànaü gocare ratà. [22]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà te jhàyino sàtatikà, niccaü daëhaparakkamà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà phusanti dhãrà nibbànaü,3 yogakkhemaü anuttaraü. [23]
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 uññhànavato satãmato,4 ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sucikammassa nisammakàrino, ÜÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ 5 saÿÿatassa ca6 dhammajãvino, ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ 7 appamattassa yasobhivaóóhati. [24]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 uññhànenappamàdena saüyamena damena ca, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dãpaü kayiràtha medhàvã, yaü ogho nàbhikãrati. [25]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pamàdam-anuyuÿjanti bàlà dummedhino janà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ appamàdaÿ-ca medhàvã dhanaü seññhaü va rakkhati. [26]
1 PTS: Appamàdavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya dutiyo Appamàdavaggo. 2 Thai: amataü padaü. 3 BJT: nibbàõaü, always this spelling. 4 BJT, Thai: satimato; -ã- in the text is m.c. to give the normal cadence. 5 Metre: we have to count the first syllable as light here to correct the metre. 6 ChS: omit ca. 7 Metre: For this variation in the opening see the Introduction.
111 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular 1 mà pamàdam2-anuyuÿjetha mà kàmaratisanthavaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà appamatto hi jhàyanto pappoti vipulàü sukhaü. [27]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 pamàdaü appamàdena yadà nudati paõóito, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ paÿÿàpàsàdam3-àruyha, asoko sokiniü pajaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pabbataññho va bhummaññhe4 dhãro bàle avekkhati. [28]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 appamatto pamattesu, suttesu bahujàgaro, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ abalassaü va sãghasso hitvà yàti sumedhaso. [29]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà appamàdena5 maghavà devànaü seññhataü gato, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà appamàdaü pasaüsanti, pamàdo garahito sadà. [30]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 appamàdarato bhikkhu, pamàde bhayadassivà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saüyojanaü aõuü-thålaü óahaü aggãva gacchati. [31]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 appamàdarato bhikkhu, pamàde bhayadassivà, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ abhabbo parihànàya,6 nibbànasseva7 santike. [32]
Appamàdavaggo dutiyo.8
1 Metre: this is one place in the Dhammapada where, if the rule of resolution holds, then the metre is wrong, as this is not a known variation. Alternatively (with Norman, WD, pg 68) we could count the 4th syllable as resolved, and we then have pathyà. It seems to me that the former is more likely, the prosody having been disturbed as this line is the opposite of 26a. 2 Metre: we might have expected a reading pamàdaü, as the labial -m is incorrect by normal grammatical standards, and, contra Norman (WD) it doesn't help the metre, which still has to be considered irregular. 3 PTS: paÿÿàpàsàdaü. 4 ChS: bhåmaññhe. 5 Editor's note: Thai, appàdena, printer's error. 6 BJT: parihàõàya. 7 BJT: nibbàõa-. 8 ChS: Appamàdavaggo dutiyo niññhito.
112 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
3: Cittavaggo1
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 phandanaü capalaü cittaü dårakkhaü2 dunnivàrayaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ujuü karoti medhàvã usukàro va tejanaü. [33]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vàrijo va thale khitto oka-m-okata ubbhato, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pariphandatidaü cittaü màradheyyaü pahàtave. [34]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà dunniggahassa lahuno yatthakàmanipàtino, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà cittassa damatho sàdhu, cittaü dantaü sukhàvahaü. [35]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà sududdasaü sunipuõaü3 yatthakàmanipàtinaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà cittaü rakkhetha medhàvã, cittaü guttaü sukhàvahaü. [36]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà dåraïgamaü ekacaraü asarãraü guhàsayaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ye cittaü saÿÿam-essanti mokkhanti màrabandhanà. [37]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 anavaññhitacittassa saddhammaü avijànato, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pariplavapasàdassa4 paÿÿà na paripårati. [38]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 anavassutacittassa ananvàhatacetaso, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ puÿÿapàpapahãnassa5 natthi jàgarato bhayaü. [39]
1 PTS: Cittavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya tatiyo Cittavaggo. 2 BJT, Thai: durakkhaü. 3 BJT: sunipunaü. 4 BJT: paripalavapasàdassa. 5 BJT: -pahãõassa.
113 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 kumbhåpamaü kàyam-imaü1 viditvà, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nagaråpamaü cittam-idaü ñhapetvà,2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ yodhetha màraü paÿÿàvudhena,3 ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã jitaÿ-ca rakkhe anivesano4 siyà. [40]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 aciraü vatayaü kàyo pañhaviü5 adhisessati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ chuddho6 apetaviÿÿàõo niratthaü va kaliïgaraü. [41]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà diso disaü yantaü kayirà verã và pana verinaü ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà micchàpaõihitaü cittaü pàpiyo naü tato kare. [42]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na taü màtà pità kayirà aÿÿe và pi ca ÿàtakà ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sammàpaõihitaü cittaü seyyaso naü tato kare. [43]
Cittavaggo tatiyo.7
1 Thai: idaü. 2 Thai: thaketvà ?. 3 BJT: paÿÿàyudhena. Metre: there is replacement of two light syllables by one heavy one at the 6th. 4 Thai: anivesino. 5 ChS: pathaviü. 6 Thai: chuóóo. 7 ChS: Cittavaggo tatiyo niññhito.
114 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
4: Pupphavaggo1
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 kÖ imaü pañhaviü2 vicessati3 ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ yamalokaÿ-ca imaü sadevakaü? ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ ko dhammapadaü sudesitaü, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ kusalo puppham-iva ppacessati?4 [44]
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 sekho pañhaviü5 vicessati6 ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ yamalokaÿ-ca imaü sadevakaü. ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ7 sekho dhammapadaü sudesitaü, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ kusalo puppham-iva ppacessati.8 [45]
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 pheõåpamaü kàyam-imaü viditvà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ marãcidhammaü abhisambudhàno, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ chetvàna màrassa papupphakàni, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ adassanaü maccuràjassa gacche. [46]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pupphàni heva pacinantaü byàsattamanasaü9 naraü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ suttaü gàmaü mahogho va maccu àdàya gacchati. [47]
1 PTS: Pupphavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya catuttho Pupphavaggo. 2 ChS: pathaviü. 3 PTS, Thai: vijessati. Metre: here again the first syllable needs to be counted as light to correct the metre. 4 BJT, Thai, ChS: iva pacessati. 5 ChS: pathaviü. 6 PTS, Thai: vijessati. 7 Metre: note that this is a posterior line in place of a prior line, exchanged through metrical licence (cf. 237c). 8 BJT, Thai, ChS: iva pacessati. 9 PTS: vyàsattamanasaü.
115 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pupphàni heva pacinantaü byàsattamanasaü1 naraü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ atittaü yeva kàmesu antako kurute vasaü. [48]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yathà pi bhamaro pupphaü vaõõagandhaü2 aheñhayaü ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ paëeti rasam-àdàya, evaü gàme munã care. [49]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na paresaü vilomàni, na paresaü katàkataü, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ attano va avekkheyya katàni akatàni ca. [50]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yathà pi ruciraü pupphaü vaõõavantaü agandhakaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü subhàsità vàcà aphalà hoti akubbato. [51]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yathà pi ruciraü pupphaü vaõõavantaü sagandhakaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü subhàsità vàcà saphalà hoti pakubbato.3 [52]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yathà pi puppharàsimhà kayirà màlàguõe4 bahå, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü jàtena maccena kattabbaü kusalaü bahuü. [53]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ.ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 na pupphagandho pañivàtam-eti, ÛÜÛÜ.ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na candanaü tagaramallikà và,5 ÛÜÛÜÐÜ.ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sataÿ-ca gandho pañivàtam-eti, ÜÜÛÜ.ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Jagatã sabbà disà sappuriso pavàyati.6 [54]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 candanaü tagaraü và pi, uppalaü atha vassikã, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ etesaü gandhajàtànaü sãlagandho anuttaro. [55]
1 PTS: vyàsattamanasaü. 2 Thai: vaõõavantaü; ChS: vaõõagandham. 3 PTS: sakubbato; Thai: sukubbato; ChS: kubbato. 4 Thai: màlàguëe. 5 ChS: omit và. 6 BJT, PTS: pavàti. See Brough pg 268.
116 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 appamatto ayaü gandho yàyaü1 tagaracandanã,2 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yo ca sãlavataü gandho vàti devesu uttamo. [56]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tesaü sampannasãlànaü appamàdavihàrinaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sammad-aÿÿàvimuttànaü, màro maggaü na vindati. [57]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yathà saïkàradhànasmiü3 ujjhitasmiü mahàpathe, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ padumaü tattha jàyetha sucigandhaü manoramaü. [58]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 evaü saïkàrabhåtesu andhabhåte puthujjane, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ atirocati paÿÿàya sammàsambuddhasàvako. [59]
Pupphavaggo catuttho.4
1 Thai, ChS: yvàyaü. 2 ChS: tagaracandanaü. 3 ChS: saïkàrañhànasmiü. 4 ChS: Pupphavaggo catuttho niññhito.
117 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
5: Bàlavaggo1
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà dãghà jàgarato ratti, dãghaü santassa yojanaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà dãgho bàlànaü2 saüsàro saddhammaü avijànataü. [60]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 caraÿ-ce nàdhigaccheyya seyyaü sadisam-attano, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ekacariyaü daëhaü kayirà, natthi bàle sahàyatà. [61]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ßputtà matthi dhanam-matthiû3 iti bàlo vihaÿÿati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ attà hi attano natthi kuto puttà, kuto dhanaü? [62]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà yo bàlo maÿÿati bàlyaü,4 paõóito và pi tena so, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà bàlo ca paõóitamànã sa ve bàlo ti vuccati. [63]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yàvajãvam-pi ce bàlo paõóitaü payirupàsati ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ na so dhammaü vijànàti, dabbã såparasaü yathà. [64]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 muhuttam-api ce viÿÿå5 paõóitaü payirupàsati ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ khippaü dhammaü vijànàti, jivhà såparasaü yathà. [65]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà caranti bàlà dummedhà amitteneva attanà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà karontà pàpakaü kammaü yaü hoti kañukapphalaü. [66]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na taü kammaü kataü sàdhu yaü katvà anutappati, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa assumukho rodaü vipàkaü pañisevati. [67]
1 PTS: Bàlavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya paÿcamo Bàlavaggo. 2 Thai: bàlàna'. 3 PTS: dhanaü m' atthi; Thai: dhanamatthi. 4 PTS: maÿÿatã balyaü. 5 BJT: viÿÿu.
118 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà taÿ-ca kammaü kataü sàdhu yaü katvà nànutappati, ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà yassa patãto sumano vipàkaü pañisevati. [68]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà x 2 madhuvà maÿÿati1 bàlo, yàva pàpaü na paccati, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yadà ca paccati2 pàpaü, atha bàlo3 dukkhaü nigacchati. [69]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 màse màse kusaggena bàlo bhuÿjetha4 bhojanaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ na so saïkhàtadhammànaü kalaü agghati5 soëasiü. [70]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na hi pàpaü kataü kammaü sajju khãraü va muccati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ óahantaü bàlam-anveti bhasmacchanno6 va pàvako. [71]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yàvad-eva anatthàya ÿattaü bàlassa jàyati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ hanti bàlassa sukkaüsaü muddham7-assa vipàtayaü. [72]
ÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 asataü8 bhàvanam9-iccheyya, purekkhàraÿ-ca bhikkhusu, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ àvàsesu ca issariyaü, påjà parakulesu ca. [73]
1 PTS: maÿÿatã; the readings in this line, and in line c in PTS are m.c. to produce the pathyà cadence, but the fifth variation (vipulà) is acceptable, and has the most manuscript support, so there is no need for a change in the normal word form. 2 PTS: paccatã. 3 Thai places bàlo in brackets; ChS omits atha. Metre: as it stands there are two syllables too many in line d, the vv.ll.s arise from trying to regularize the metre. If this is a Vetàlãya line as Norman (WD) suggests, then it is a very unusual shape (cf. 119d; 120d). 4 ChS: bhuÿjeyya. 5 PTS: nàgghati. 6 PTS, Thai: bhasmàcchanno. 7 Thai: muddhaü. 8 Thai, ChS: asantaü. 9 Thai: bhàvam-.
119 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 ßmameva kata' maÿÿantu1 gihã pabbajità ubho, ÛÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mameva ativasà2 assu kiccàkiccesu kismiciû, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iti bàlassa saïkappo icchà màno ca vaóóhati. [74]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà aÿÿà hi làbhåpanisà, aÿÿà nibbànagàminã,3 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 evam-etaü abhiÿÿàya bhikkhu buddhassa sàvako ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sakkàraü nàbhinandeyya, vivekam-anubråhaye.4 [75]
Bàlavaggo paÿcamo.5
6: Paõóitavaggo6
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà nidhãnaü7 va pavattàraü yaü passe vajjadassinaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà niggayhavàdiü medhàviü tàdisaü paõóitaü bhaje, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà tàdisaü bhajamànassa seyyo hoti na pàpiyo. [76]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ovadeyyànusàseyya,8 asabbhà ca nivàraye, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sataü hi so piyo hoti, asataü hoti appiyo. [77]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà na bhaje pàpake mitte, na bhaje purisàdhame, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà bhajetha mitte kalyàõe, bhajetha purisuttame. [78]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 dhammapãti sukhaü seti, vippasannena9 cetasà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ariyappavedite dhamme sadà ramati paõóito. [79]
1 BJT: kataü maÿÿantå; (å is a printer's error) in the text niggahãta is lost m.c. to give the pathyà cadence. 2 PTS, ChS: mam' evàtivasà. 3 Editor's note: BJT, nibbàna-, against its usual spelling. 4 Metre: note that -br- does not make position here, which is very unusual for br in medial position. 5 ChS: Bàlavaggo paÿcamo niññhito. 6 PTS: Paõóitavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya chaññho Paõóitavaggo. 7 BJT: nidhinaü. 8 BJT: ovadeyyanusàseyya. 9 PTS: vipasannena; (in WD Norman lists this as a misprint for vippa-).
120 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 udakaü hi1 nayanti nettikà, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ usukàrà namayanti tejanaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ dàruü namayanti tacchakà, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ attànaü damayanti paõóità. [80]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐ ÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà selo yathà ekaghano vàtena na samãrati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà evaü nindàpasaüsàsu na samiÿjanti2 paõóità. [81]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà yathà pi rahado gambhãro vippasanno3 anàvilo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà evaü dhammàni sutvàna vippasãdanti paõóità. [82]
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 sabbattha ve sappurisà vajanti,4 ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na kàmakàmà lapayanti santo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sukhena phuññhà atha và dukhena,5 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ noccàvacaü6 paõóità dassayanti. [83]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 2 na attahetu na parassa hetu, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na puttam-icche na dhanaü na raññhaü, ÛÜÜÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã 7 na iccheyya adhammena samiddhim-attano, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã sa sãlavà paÿÿavà dhammiko siyà. [84]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà appakà te manussesu ye janà pàragàmino, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha athàyaü itarà pajà tãram-evànudhàvati. [85]
1 Thai: udakaÿ-hi. 2 Thai: sammiÿjanti. 3 PTS: vipasanno. 4 BJT, ChS: cajanti. See Brough pg 245. 5 Thai: dukkhena; in the text the consonant cluster is simplified m.c. to give the normal cadence. 6 PTS, ChS: na uccàvacaü. 7 Metre: the line is very poor metrically here, we could read niccheyy' adhammena, or better niccheyyàdhammena, as the Vedic opening ÜÜÜÜ is found in early Pali verse.
121 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ye ca kho sammad-akkhàte dhamme dhammànuvattino ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ te janà pàram-essanti, maccudheyyaü suduttaraü. [86]
ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà kaõhaü dhammaü vippahàya sukkaü bhàvetha paõóito, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà okà anokaü1 àgamma viveke yattha dåramaü. [87]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tatràbhiratim-iccheyya hitvà kàme akiÿcano, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pariyodapeyya attànaü cittaklesehi paõóito. [88]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yesaü sambodhi-aïgesu2 sammà cittaü subhàvitaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ àdànapañinissagge anupàdàya ye ratà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà khãõàsavà jutimanto3 te loke parinibbutà. [89]
Paõóitavaggo chaññho.4
1 ChS: anokam. 2 Thai, ChS: sambodhiyaïgesu. 3 PTS: jutãmanto. 4 ChS: Paõóitavaggo chaññho niññhito.
122 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
7: Arahantavaggo1
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 gataddhino visokassa vippamuttassa sabbadhi, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbaganthappahãnassa2 pariëàho na vijjati. [90]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 uyyuÿjanti satãmanto,3 na nikete ramanti te, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ haüsà va pallalaü hitvà okam-okaü jahanti te. [91]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 yesaü sannicayo4 natthi, ye pariÿÿàtabhojanà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ suÿÿato animitto ca vimokkho yesa'5 gocaro, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ àkàse va sakuntànaü gati tesaü durannayà. [92]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 yassàsavà parikkhãõà àhàre ca anissito, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ suÿÿato animitto ca vimokkho6 yassa gocaro, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ àkàse va sakuntànaü padaü tassa durannayaü. [93]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 yassindriyàni samathaü gatàni,7 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ assà8 yathà sàrathinà sudantà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ pahãnamànassa9 anàsavassa, ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã devà pi tassa pihayanti tàdino. [94]
1 PTS: Arahantavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya sattamo Arahantavaggo. 2 BJT: sabbaganthappahãõassa. 3 BJT: satimanto; in the text ã is m.c. to give pathyà, which here has the support of most of the manuscripts. 4 Thai: sanniccayo. 5 PTS, ChS: yesaü; in the text niggahãta is lost m.c. to produce the normal Siloka cadence. 6 PTS: vimokho. 7 Thai, ChS: samathaïgatàni. 8 ChS: omit Assà. 9 BJT: pahãõamànassa.
123 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 pañhavisamo1 no virujjhati, ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ 2 indakhãlåpamÖ3 tàdi subbato, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ rahado va apetakaddamo, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ saüsàrà na bhavanti tàdino. [95]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 santaü tassa manaü hoti, santà vàcà ca kamma ca, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sammad-aÿÿàvimuttassa, upasantassa tàdino. [96]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà assaddho akataÿÿå ca sandhicchedo ca yo naro, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà hatàvakàso vantàso sa ve uttamaporiso. [97]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà gàme và yadi vàraÿÿe, ninne và yadi và thale, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà yattharahanto4 viharanti taü bhåmiü ràmaõeyyakaü.5 [98]
ÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 6 ramaõãyàni araÿÿàni, yattha na ramatã jano, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vãtaràgà ramissanti,7 na te kàmagavesino. [99]
Arahantavaggo sattamo.8
1 PTS, Thai: pañhavãsamo; ChS: pathavisamo. 2 Metre: this is an example of the variant opening discussed in the Introduction, but note we still must read -åpamÖ to correct the metre here. 3 ChS: indakhilupamo; a reading produced to `correct' the metre, but it is not needed as we can scan -o as light, and we then have an acceptable variation. 4 BJT: yatthàrahanto; Thai, ChS: yattha arahanto. 5 Thai, ChS: bhåmiràmaõeyyakaü. 6 Metre: note that the 2nd and 3rd syllables are light again here. 7 Thai: ramessanti. 8 ChS: Arahantavaggo sattamo niññhito.
124 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
8: Sahassavaggo1
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sahassam-api ce vàcà anatthapadasaühità, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekaü2 atthapadaü seyyo yaü sutvà upasammati. [100]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sahassam-api ce gàthà anatthapadasaühità, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekaü gàthàpadaü seyyo yaü sutvà upasammati. [101]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ce3 gàthàsataü bhàse anatthapadasaühità4 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekaü dhammapadaü seyyo yaü sutvà upasammati. [102]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo sahassaü sahassena saïgàme mànuse jine, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ekaÿ-ca jeyya attànaü5 sa ve saïgàmajuttamo. [103]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 attà have jitaü seyyo yà càyaü itarà pajà ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ attadantassa posassa, niccaü saÿÿatacàrino. [104]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 neva devo na gandhabbo, na màro saha brahmunà, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ jitaü apajitaü kayirà tathàråpassa jantuno. [105]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 màse màse sahassena yo yajetha sataü samaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekaÿ-ca bhàvitattànaü muhuttam-api påjaye, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sà yeva påjanà seyyo6 yaÿ-ce vassasataü hutaü. [106]
1 PTS: Sahassavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya aññhamo Sahassavaggo. 2 PTS: ekam. 3 PTS, Thai: ca. 4 Editor's note: BJT, anatthapadasaühitaü, by mistake. 5 PTS, Thai, ChS: jeyya-m-attànaü. 6 BJT: seyyà.
125 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 yo ca vassasataü jantu aggiü paricare vane, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekaÿ-ca bhàvitattànaü muhuttam-api påjaye, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sà yeva påjanà seyyo1 yaÿ-ce vassasataü hutaü. [107]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 yaü kiÿci yiññhaü ca hutaü ca2 loke, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ 3 saüvaccharaü yajetha puÿÿapekkho,4 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbam-pi5 taü na catubhàgam-eti, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ abhivàdanà ujjugatesu6 seyyo.7 [108]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà abhivàdanasãlissa niccaü vaddhàpacàyino,8 ÜÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà cattàro dhammà vaóóhanti: àyu vaõõo sukhaü balaü. [109]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca vassasataü jãve dussãlo asamàhito, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ekàhaü jãvitaü seyyo sãlavantassa jhàyino. [110]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca vassasataü jãve duppaÿÿo asamàhito, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ekàhaü jãvitaü seyyo paÿÿavantassa9 jhàyino. [111]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca10 vassasataü jãve kusãto hãnavãriyo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekàhaü jãvitaü seyyo viriyam11-àrabhato daëhaü. [112]
1 BJT: seyyà. 2 BJT, Thai, ChS: yiññhaü va hutaü va. 3 The break is unusual here, having a heavy 6th without the caesura which normally follows it. We should probably understand yajÕtha m.c. 4 PTS: puÿÿapekho. 5 Thai: Sabbaü pi. 6 Thai: ujugatesu. 7 BJT: seyyà. 8 Thai, ChS: vuóóhàpacàyino. 9 PTS: paÿÿàvantassa. 10 BJT: ce. 11 ChS: vãriyam.
126 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca1 vassasataü jãve apassaü udayabbayaü,2 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekàhaü jãvitaü seyyo passato udayabbayaü. [113]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca3 vassasataü jãve apassaü amataü padaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekàhaü jãvitaü seyyo passato amataü padaü. [114]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca4 vassasataü jãve apassaü dhammam-uttamaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ekàhaü jãvitaü seyyo passato dhammam-uttamaü. [115]
Sahassavaggo aññhamo.5
9: Pàpavaggo6
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà abhittharetha7 kalyàõe, pàpà cittaü nivàraye, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà dandhaü hi karato8 puÿÿaü pàpasmiü ramatã mano. [116]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà pàpaÿ-ce puriso kayirà, na taü kayirà punappunaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà na tamhi chandaü kayiràtha, dukkho pàpassa uccayo. [117]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà puÿÿaÿ-ce puriso kayirà, kayiràthetaü9 punappunaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà tamhi chandaü kayiràtha, sukho puÿÿassa uccayo. [118]
1 BJT: ce. 2 BJT, PTS: udayavyayaü, and in the next line. 3 BJT: ce. 4 BJT: ce. 5 ChS: Sahassavaggo aññhamo niññhito. 6 PTS: Pàpavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya navamo Pàpavaggo. 7 BJT: abhitvaretha. 8 BJT, PTS, ChS: karoto. 9 PTS: kayiràthenaü; ChS: kayirà naü. Metre: note that the sarabhatti vowel kayir- is discounted 3 times in the last verse, and also in lines a & b here - but it has to be counted as a full vowel in line c to fit the metre.
127 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà pàpo pi passati1 bhadraü yàva pàpaü na paccati, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yadà ca paccati2 pàpaü atha pàpo3 pàpàni passati. [119]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà bhadro pi passati4 pàpaü yàva bhadraü na paccati, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yadà ca paccati5 bhadraü atha bhadro6 bhadràni passati. [120]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 màppamaÿÿetha7 pàpassa ßna maü taü8 àgamissatiû. ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ udabindunipàtena udakumbho pi pårati, ÜÛÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà pårati bàlo9 pàpassa, thokathokam10-pi àcinaü. [121]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 màppamaÿÿetha11 puÿÿassa ßna maü taü12 àgamissatiû. ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ udabindunipàtena udakumbho pi pårati, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dhãro pårati13 puÿÿassa, thokathokam14-pi àcinaü. [122]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vàõijo va bhayaü maggaü appasattho mahaddhano, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ visaü jãvitukàmo va, pàpàni parivajjaye. [123]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pàõimhi ce vaõo nàssa hareyya pàõinà visaü, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ nàbbaõaü visam-anveti, natthi pàpaü akubbato. [124]
1 PTS: passatã. 2 PTS: paccatã. 3 Thai places pàpo in brackets. Norman (WD) suggests that this is a Vetàlãya line, but if that is so it has a very unusual shape to it which doesn't occur elsewhere in the Dhammapada (cf. 69d; 120d). 4 PTS: passatã. 5 PTS: paccatã. 6 Thai places bhadro in brackets. 7 BJT: màpamaÿÿetha; Thai, ChS: màvamaÿÿetha. 8 Editor's note: BJT actually prints mantaü here, but maü taü in the next verse. PTS, ChS: man taü; Thai: mattaü. 9 PTS, ChS: pårati bàlo. 10 Thai: thokaü thokaü; ChS: thokaü thokam. 11 BJT: màpamaÿÿetha; Thai, ChS: màvamaÿÿetha. 12 PTS, ChS: man taü; Thai: mattaü. 13 BJT: pårati dhãro; Thai: àpårati dhãro. 14 Thai: thokaü thokaü; ChS: thokaü thokam.
128 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yo appaduññhassa narassa dussati, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 suddhassa posassa anaïgaõassa, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ tam-eva bàlaü pacceti pàpaü ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ sukhumo rajo pañivàtaü va khitto. [125]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 gabbham-ekepapajjanti1 nirayaü pàpakammino, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ saggaü sugatino yanti parinibbanti anàsavà. [126]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 na antalikkhe, na samuddamajjhe, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na pabbatànaü vivaraü pavissa,2 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na vijjatã so jagatippadeso ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ yatthaññhito3 mucceyya4 pàpakammà. [127]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 na antalikkhe, na samuddamajjhe, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na pabbatànaü vivaraü pavissa,5 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na vijjatã6 so jagatippadeso ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yatthaññhitaü nappasahetha7 maccu. [128]
Pàpavaggo navamo.8
1 PTS: eke upapajjanti; ChS: eke uppajjanti. 2 Thai: pavãsa. 3 Thai: yatraññhito. 4 PTS: muÿceyya. 5 Thai: pavãsa. 6 Editor's note: BJT actually prints vijjati here, but vijjatã, as is required by the metre, in the previous verse. 7 Thai: yatraññhitaü nappasaheyya; ChS: yatthaññhitaü nappasaheyya. 8 ChS: Pàpavaggo navamo niññhito.
129 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
10: Daõóavaggo1
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sabbe tasanti daõóassa, sabbe bhàyanti maccuno, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ attànaü upamaü katvà, na haneyya na ghàtaye. [129]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sabbe tasanti daõóassa, sabbesaü jãvitaü piyaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ attànaü upamaü katvà, na haneyya na ghàtaye. [130]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sukhakàmàni bhåtàni yo daõóena vihiüsati, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ2 attano sukham-esàno pecca so na labhate sukhaü. [131]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sukhakàmàni bhåtàni yo daõóena na hiüsati, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ attano sukham-esàno pecca so labhate sukhaü. [132]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà màvoca pharusaü kaÿci, vuttà pañivadeyyu' taü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà dukkhà hi sàrambhakathà, pañidaõóà phuseyyu' taü. [133]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sace neresi attànaü, kaüso upahato yathà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ esa pattosi nibbànaü,3 sàrambho te na vijjati. [134]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yathà daõóena gopàlo gàvo pàceti4 gocaraü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha evaü jarà ca maccu ca àyuü pàcenti5 pàõinaü. [135]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 atha pàpàni kammàni karaü bàlo na bujjhati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sehi kammehi dummedho aggidaóóho va tappati. [136]
1 PTS: Daõóavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya dasamo Daõóavaggo. 2 Metre: note that the resolution at the 4th here is unusual in that we have to take the negative as the first syllable in the resolution; it appears that the negative is so closely attached syntactically to the word it modifies that it is sometimes taken as though it were part of the following word prosodically. 3 BJT: nibbàõaü. 4 ChS: pàjeti. 5 ChS: pàjenti.
130 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yo daõóena adaõóesu appaduññhesu dussati ÛÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables dasannam-aÿÿataraü ñhànaü khippam-eva nigacchati: [137]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vedanaü pharusaü jàniü, sarãrassa ca bhedanaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ garukaü và pi àbàdhaü, cittakkhepaü va1 pàpuõe, [138]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà ràjato và2 upasaggaü,3 abbhakkhànaü va4 dàruõaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà parikkhayaü va5 ÿàtãnaü,6 bhogànaü va7 pabhaïguraü.8 [139]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà atha vàssa agàràni, aggi9 óahati pàvako. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà kàyassa bhedà duppaÿÿo nirayaü so upapajjati.10 [140]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 na naggacariyà na jañà na païkà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nànàsakà11 thaõóilasàyikà và, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ12 ràjo ca jallaü13 ukkuñikappadhànaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sodhenti maccaü avitiõõakaïkhaü. [141]
1 ChS: cittakkhepaÿ-ca. 2 PTS: va. 3 BJT, PTS: upassaggaü; the variant reading recorded here is m.c. to produce the pathyà cadence, but savipulà is acceptable, so there is no need for a change in the normal word form. 4 ChS: abbhakkhànaÿ-ca. 5 ChS: parikkhayaÿ-ca. 6 PTS: ÿàtinaü. 7 ChS: bhogànaÿ-ca. Metre: we might have expected a reading và here as the shortening of the vowel is not required m.c. It has probably arisen through imitation of va (< và) is the previous lines. 8 PTS: pabhaïguõaü. 9 PTS: aggã - this reading corrects the metre by avoiding 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions, but it doesn't have good manuscript support. 10 PTS, ChS: sopapajjati. 11 BJT: nànàsikà. 12 Metre: this is the extended form of the Tuññhubha metre, pausing at the fifth and re-starting from the same syllable. 13 PTS: rajo va jallaü; Thai, ChS: rajo jallaü.
131 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 alaïkato ce pi samaü careyya, ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ santo danto niyato brahmacàrã,1 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbesu bhåtesu nidhàya daõóaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ so bràhmaõo so samaõo sa2 bhikkhu. [142]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà hirãnisedho3 puriso koci lokasmi'4 vijjati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yo nindaü5 appabodhati6 asso bhadro kasàm-iva.7 [143]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 2 asso yathà bhadro kasàniviññho ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÛ 8 àtàpino saüvegino bhavàtha.9 ÜÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 4 saddhàya sãlena ca vãriyena10 ca, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ samàdhinà dhammavinicchayena ca, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sampannavijjàcaraõà patissatà, ÛÜÛÛÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ pahassatha11 dukkham-idaü anappakaü. [144]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 udakaü hi nayanti nettikà, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ usukàrà namayanti tejanaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ dàruü namayanti tacchakà, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ attànaü damayanti subbatà. [145]
Daõóavaggo dasamo.12
1 Metre: note the Vedic opening which is found quite frequently in early Pàëi verse. 2 Metre: note that sa is read here m.c. for so, to produce the required cadence. 3 Thai: hirinisedho; ã in the text is m.c. to avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd position. 4 BJT: lokasmiü; in the text niggahãta is lost m.c. to give the normal cadence. 5 Thai, ChS: niddaü. 6 BJT, Thai: apabodhati; ChS: apabodheti. 7 PTS numbers this verse 143a. Note that the long à in kasàm is m.c. to produce the normal cadence. 8 The break is unusual here, having a heavy 6th without the caesura which normally follows it. We should probably understand saüvÕgino m.c. 9 PTS numbers this part of the verse as 143b, and starts 144 from the next line. 10 PTS, Thai: viriyena; ã in the text is m.c. to give the normal cadence. 11 ChS: jahissatha. 12 ChS: Daõóavaggo dasamo niññhito.
132 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
11: Jaràvaggo1
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ko nu hàso kim-ànando niccaü pajjalite sati? ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ andhakàrena onaddhà padãpaü na gavesatha?2 [146]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 passa cittakataü bimbaü arukàyaü samussitaü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ àturaü bahusaïkappaü yassa natthi dhuvaü ñhiti.3 [147]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 parijiõõam-idaü4 råpaü roganãëaü pabhaïguraü,5 ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 6 bhijjati påtisandeho maraõantaü hi jãvitaü. [148]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yànimàni apatthàni alàpåneva7 sàrade, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kàpotakàni aññhãni tàni disvàna kà rati? [149]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha x 4 aññhãnaü nagaraü kataü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ maüsalohitalepanaü, ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ yattha jarà ca maccu ca ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 8 màno makkho ca ohito. [150]
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 jãranti ve ràjarathà sucittà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ atho sarãram-pi jaraü upeti. ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sataÿ-ca dhammo na jaraü upeti, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ santo have sabbhi pavedayanti. [151]
1 PTS: Jaràvagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya ekàdasamo Jaràvaggo. 2 BJT, PTS: gavessatha. 3 Thai: dhuvaõ-ñhiti. 4 PTS: parijiõõaü idaü. 5 BJT: roganióóhaü pabhaïguraü; PTS: roganióóaü pabhaïguõaü; Thai: roganiddhaü pabhaïguõaü. 6 Metre: the 2nd and 3rd syllables of the prior line are light again in this line. 7 ChS: alàbåneva. 8 Metre: this is a rare example of a samavutta Anuññhubha verse.
133 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà appassutàyaü puriso balivaddo1 va jãrati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà maüsàni tassa vaóóhanti, paÿÿà tassa na vaóóhati. [152]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 anekajàtisaüsàraü sandhàvissaü anibbisaü ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ gahakàrakaü gavesanto: dukkhà jàti punappunaü. [153]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 gahakàraka diññhosi! puna gehaü na kàhasi: ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbà te2 phàsukà bhaggà, gahakåñaü visaïkhitaü,3 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ visaïkhàragataü cittaü, taõhànaü khayam-ajjhagà. [154]
ÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà acaritvà brahmacariyaü aladdhà yobbane dhanaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà jiõõakoÿcà va jhàyanti khãõamacche va pallale. [155]
ÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà acaritvà brahmacariyaü aladdhà yobbane dhanaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà senti càpàtikhittà4 va puràõàni anutthunaü. [156]
Jaràvaggo ekàdasamo.5
1 ChS: balibaddo. 2 PTS: ete. 3 Thai, ChS: visaïkhataü. 4 Thai, ChS: càpàtikhãõà. 5 ChS: Jaràvaggo ekàdasamo niññhito.
134 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
12: Attavaggo1
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 attànaÿ-ce piyaü jaÿÿà rakkheyya naü surakkhitaü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tiõõam-aÿÿataraü2 yàmaü pañijaggeyya paõóito. [157]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà attànam-eva pañhamaü patiråpe3 nivesaye, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà athaÿÿam-anusàseyya na kilisseyya paõóito. [158]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà attànaÿ-ce tathà kayirà yathaÿÿam-anusàsati, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà sudanto vata dametha,4 attà hi kira duddamo. [159]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 attà hi attano nàtho ko hi nàtho paro siyà? ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ attanà va sudantena nàthaü labhati dullabhaü. [160]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 attanà va5 kataü pàpaü attajaü attasambhavaü, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ abhimatthati dummedhaü vajiraü vasmamayaü6 maõiü. [161]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa accantadussãlyaü màluvà sàlam-ivotataü7 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ karoti so tathattànaü yathà naü icchatã diso. [162]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sukaràni asàdhåni attano ahitàni ca, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yaü ve hitaÿ-ca sàdhuÿ-ca8 taü ve paramadukkaraü. [163]
1 PTS: Attavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya dvàdasamo Attavaggo. 2 PTS, ChS: tiõõaü aÿÿataraü. 3 Thai: pañiråpe. 4 BJT, Thai: dammetha. 5 ChS: attanà hi. 6 PTS: v' amhamayaü; Thai: vamhayaü. 7 Thai, ChS: sàlamivotthataü. Metre: there are 9 syllables in line b. 8 Editor's note: BJT, hitaÿ-ca sàdhuü ca.
135 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà yo sàsanaü arahataü ariyànaü dhammajãvinaü, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà pañikkosati dummedho diññhiü nissàya pàpikaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ phalàni kaññhakasseva attaghaÿÿàya1 phallati. [164]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 attanà va2 kataü pàpaü, attanà saïkilissati, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ attanà akataü pàpaü, attanà va visujjhati, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà suddhã asuddhã3 paccattaü, nàÿÿo aÿÿaü4 visodhaye. [165]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 atta-d-atthaü paratthena bahunà pi na hàpaye, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ atta-d-attham-abhiÿÿàya sa-d-atthapasuto siyà. [166]
Attavaggo dvàdasamo.5
13: Lokavaggo6
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 hãnaü dhammaü na seveyya, pamàdena na saüvase, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ micchàdiññhiü na seveyya, na siyà lokavaóóhano.7 [167]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 uttiññhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaü sucaritaü care, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dhammacàrã8 sukhaü seti asmiü loke paramhi ca. [168]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà dhammaü care sucaritaü, na naü duccaritaü care, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà dhammacàrã sukhaü seti asmiü loke paramhi ca. [169]
1 ChS: attaghàtàya. 2 ChS: attanà hi. 3 BJT, Thai: suddhi asuddhã; ChS: suddhã asuddhi. 4 BJT: nàÿÿam-aÿÿo. 5 ChS: Attavaggo dvàdasamo niññhito. 6 PTS: Lokavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya terasamo Lokavaggo. 7 BJT: lokavaddhano. 8 Editor's note: BJT, dhammacàri, but cf. the next verse.
136 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yathà bubbulakaü1 passe, yathà passe marãcikaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ evaü lokaü avekkhantaü maccuràjà na passati. [170]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 etha passathimaü lokaü cittaü ràjarathåpamaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yattha bàlà visãdanti, natthi saïgo vijànataü. [171]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca pubbe pamajjitvà pacchà so nappamajjati, ÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sÖ imaü 2 lokaü pabhàseti abbhà mutto va candimà. [172]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa pàpaü kataü kammaü kusalena pithãyati,3 ÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sÖ imaü 4 lokaü pabhàseti abbhà mutto va candimà. [173]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 andhabhåto ayaü loko, tanukettha vipassati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sakunto5 jàlamutto va appo saggàya gacchati. [174]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà haüsàdiccapathe6 yanti, àkàse yanti iddhiyà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà nãyanti7 dhãrà lokamhà jetvà màraü savàhanaü.8 [175]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ekaü dhammaü atãtassa musàvàdissa jantuno9 ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vitiõõaparalokassa natthi pàpaü akàriyaü. [176]
1 Thai, ChS: pubbuëakaü. 2 PTS, ChS: somaü. This reading looks very much like a correction to the metre, and the lectio difficilior is to be preferred both here and below. 3 ChS: pidhãyati. 4 PTS, ChS: somaü. 5 ChS: sakuõo. 6 Thai: haüsà àdiccapathe. 7 BJT: niyyanti. 8 BJT, ChS: savàhiniü; PTS: savàhaniü. 9 Editor's note: BJT, jantåno, printer's error.
137 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 41 na ve kadariyà devalokaü vajanti, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ bàlà have nappasaüsanti dànaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhãro ca dànaü anumodamàno, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ teneva so hoti sukhã 2 parattha. [177]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pathavyà3 ekarajjena saggassa gamanena và ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sabbalokàdhipaccena sotàpattiphalaü varaü. [178]
Lokavaggo terasamo.4
14: Buddhavaggo5
ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya yassa jitaü nàvajãyati, ÛÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka jitaü assa6 no yàti koci loke, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 2 tam-buddham7-anantagocaraü ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ apadaü kena padena nessatha? [179]
ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 yassa jàlinã visattikà, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ taõhà natthi kuhiÿci netave, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ tam-buddham8-anantagocaraü ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ apadaü kena padena nessatha? [180]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ye jhànapasutà dhãrà nekkhammåpasame ratà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà devà pi tesaü pihayanti, sambuddhànaü satãmataü. [181]
1 Metre: another example of the extended Tuññhubha, pausing at the fifth and re-starting from the same syllable. 2 Editor's note: BJT, såkhã, printer's error; in the text ã is m.c. to give the normal cadence. 3 ChS: pathabyà. 4 ChS: Lokavaggo terasamo niññhito. 5 PTS: Buddhavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya cuddasamo Buddhavaggo. 6 BJT, Thai: jitam-assa. 7 Thai: taü buddhaü. 8 Thai: taü buddhaü.
138 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà kiccho manussapañilàbho, kicchaü macchàna'1 jãvitaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜ navipulà2 kicchaü saddhammasavanaü,3 kiccho buddhànam4 uppàdo. [182]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha sabbapàpassa akaraõaü, kusalassa upasampadà,5 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà sacittapariyodapanaü - etaü buddhàna' sàsanaü. [183]
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka x 4 khantã paramaü tapo titikkhà,6 ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ nibbànaü7 paramaü vadanti buddhà. ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ na hi pabbajito paråpaghàtã, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ samaõo8 hoti paraü viheñhayanto. [184]
ÛÛÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà anupavàdo anupaghàto,9 pàtimokkhe ca saüvaro, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 mattaÿÿutà ca bhattasmiü, pantaÿ-ca sayanàsanaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ adhicitte ca àyogo - etaü buddhàna' sàsanaü. [185]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na kahàpaõavassena titti kàmesu vijjati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßappassàdà dukhà10 kàmàû iti viÿÿàya paõóito, [186]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 api dibbesu kàmesu ratiü so nàdhigacchati. ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taõhakkhayarato hoti sammàsambuddhasàvako. [187]
1 ChS: maccàna; in the text niggahãta is lost m.c. to give the normal cadence. 2 Metre: the cadence is incorrect in this line - as Norman (WD) says, it may be this was originally a prior line (showing pathyà structure) which has been taken over. 3 Thai, ChS: saddhammassavanaü. 4 BJT: buddhànaü. 5 Thai: kusalassåpasampadà. 6 Thai: tãtikkhà, printer's error. 7 BJT: nibbàõaü. 8 ChS: na samaõo. 9 BJT, Thai, ChS: anåpavàdo anåpaghàto. It should be noted that the PTS readings (which I have accepted here) are based on the old Thai manuscripts only, but the reading anå in the other editions has probably arisen through imitation of paråpaghàtã in the previous verse. If anå- is the correct reading then we have to accept the fact that the metre is very wrong indeed, giving a 10 syllable line. 10 Thai: dukkhà; in the text the consonant cluster is simplified m.c. to produce the pathyà cadence.
139 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 bahuü1 ve saraõaü yanti, pabbatàni vanàni ca, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ àràmarukkhacetyàni, manussà bhayatajjità. [188]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 netaü kho saraõaü khemaü, netaü saraõam-uttamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ netaü saraõam-àgamma2 sabbadukkhà pamuccati. [189]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca buddhaÿ-ca dhammaÿ-ca saïghaÿ-ca saraõaü gato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ cattàri ariyasaccàni sammappaÿÿàya3 passati: [190]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐ ÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 dukkhaü dukkhasamuppàdaü dukkhassa ca atikkamaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ariyaÿ-caññhaïgikaü maggaü dukkhåpasamagàminaü. [191]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 etaü kho saraõaü khemaü, etaü saraõam-uttamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ etaü saraõam-àgamma4 sabbadukkhà pamuccati. [192]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 dullabho purisàjaÿÿo, na so sabbattha jàyati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yattha so jàyatã5 dhãro taü kulaü6 sukham-edhati. [193]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sukho buddhànam7-uppàdo, sukhà saddhammadesanà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sukhà saïghassa sàmaggã,8 samaggànaü tapo sukho. [194]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà påjàrahe påjayato, buddhe yadi va sàvake, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà papaÿcasamatikkante, tiõõasokapariddave. [195]
1 BJT: bahå. 2 PTS: saraõaü àgamma, also in 192 below. 3 PTS: sammapaÿÿàya. 4 PTS: saraõaü àgamma. 5 BJT, ChS: jàyati; in the text ã is m.c. to give the pathyà cadence. 6 Editor's note: BJT, kålaü, printer's error. 7 BJT, PTS, Thai: buddhànaü. 8 BJT: sàmaggi.
140 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà te tàdise påjayato, nibbute akutobhaye, ÛÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà na sakkà puÿÿaü saïkhàtuü imettam-api kenaci. [196]
Buddhavaggo cuddasamo.1
Pañhamakabhàõavàraü.2
15: Sukhavaggo3
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 susukhaü vata jãvàma verinesu averino, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ verinesu manussesu viharàma averino. [197]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 susukhaü vata jãvàma àturesu anàturà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ àturesu manussesu viharàma anàturà. [198]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 susukhaü vata jãvàma ussukesu4 anussukà ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ussukesu manussesu viharàma anussukà. [199]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 susukhaü vata jãvàma yesaü5 no natthi kiÿcanaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pãtibhakkhà bhavissàma devà àbhassarà yathà. [200]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà jayaü veraü pasavati dukkhaü seti paràjito, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà upasanto sukhaü seti hitvà jayaparàjayaü. [201]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 natthi ràgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo kali, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ natthi khandhasamà6 dukkhà, natthi santiparaü sukhaü. [202]
1 Editor's note: BJT, cuddasamo Buddhavaggo, against its normal practice of putting the name first. ChS: Buddhavaggo cuddasamo niññhito. 2 ChS: omits this end title. 3 PTS: Sukhavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya paõõarasamo Sukhavaggo. 4 Editor's note: BJT, ussåkesu, printer's error. 5 PTS, Thai: yesan. 6 PTS, Thai: khandhàdisà.
141 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 jighacchà paramà rogà, saïkhàraparamà dukhà, 1 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ etaü ÿatvà yathàbhåtaü nibbànaü paramaü2 sukhaü. [203]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 àrogyaparamà làbhà, santuññhiparamaü dhanaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vissàsaparamà ÿàtã, nibbànaü paramaü3 sukhaü. [204]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pavivekarasaü pitvà,4 rasaü upasamassa ca, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ niddaro hoti nippàpo, dhammapãtirasaü pivaü.5 [205]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sàhu6 dassanam-ariyànaü, sannivàso sadà sukho, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ adassanena bàlànaü niccam-eva sukhã siyà. [206]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 bàlasaïgatacàrã hi dãgham-addhàna' socati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dukkho bàlehi saüvàso amitteneva sabbadà. ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dhãro ca sukhasaüvàso ÿàtãnaü va samàgamo. [207] tasmà hi, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 dhãraÿ-ca paÿÿaÿ-ca bahussutaÿ-ca, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhorayhasãlaü vatavantam-ariyaü,7 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ taü tàdisaü sappurisaü sumedhaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã bhajetha nakkhattapathaü va candimà. [208]
Sukhavaggo paõõarasamo.8
1 PTS: saïkhàrà paramà dukhà; Thai: saïkhàrà paramà dukkhà; in the text the consonant cluster has been simplified m.c. to give the normal cadence. 2 BJT: nibbàõaparamaü. 3 BJT: nibbàõaparamaü. 4 PTS: pãtvà. 5 BJT: pibaü. 6 PTS: sàdhu. 7 BJT, PTS: àriyaü. 8 Editor's note: BJT, Paõõarasamo sukhavaggo, against its normal practice of putting the name first. PTS: Sukhavaggo pannarasamo; ChS: Sukhavaggo pannarasamo niññhito.
142 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
16: Piyavaggo1
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ayoge yuÿjam-attànaü,2 yogasmiÿ-ca ayojayaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ atthaü hitvà piyaggàhã, pihetattànuyoginaü. [209]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà mà piyehi samàgaÿchã3 appiyehi kudàcanaü, ÛÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables piyànaü adassanaü dukkhaü, appiyànaÿ-ca dassanaü. [210]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tasmà piyaü na kayiràtha, piyàpàyo hi pàpako, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ganthà tesaü na vijjanti yesaü natthi piyàppiyaü. [211]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 piyato jàyatã soko, piyato jàyatã bhayaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ piyato vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaü. [212]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pemato jàyatã soko, pemato jàyatã bhayaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pemato vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaü. [213]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ratiyà jàyatã soko, ratiyà jàyatã bhayaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ratiyà vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaü. [214]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 kàmato jàyatã soko, kàmato jàyatã bhayaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kàmato vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaü. [215]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 taõhàya jàyatã soko, taõhàya jàyatã bhayaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taõhàya vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaü. [216]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sãladassanasampannaü, dhammaññhaü saccavedinaü4 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ attano kamma kubbànaü, taü jano5 kurute piyaü. [217]
1 PTS: Piyavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya soëasamo Piyavaggo. 2 PTS: yuÿjaü attànaü. 3 PTS, ChS: samàgaÿchi. 4 PTS, Thai: saccavàdinaü. 5 Thai: taÿjano.
143 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà chandajàto anakkhàte, manasà ca phuño1 siyà, ÜÜÛÛÜÛÛÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ irregular 2 kàmesu ca appañibaddhacitto,3 uddhaüsoto ti vuccati. [218]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà cirappavàsiü purisaü dårato sotthim-àgataü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ÿàtimittà suhajjà ca abhinandanti àgataü. [219]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tatheva katapuÿÿam-pi asmà lokà paraü gataü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ puÿÿàni pañigaõhanti4 piyaü ÿàtãva àgataü. [220]
Piyavaggo soëasamo.5
1 Thai: phuñho. 2 Metre: line c, as it stands, does not fit into any metre, if we read cà m.c. it gives a Tuññhubha line - but as that would make the 3rd line Tuññhubha in what is otherwise a Siloka verse the solution does not seem very satisfactory. 3 Thai: kàme ca apañibaddhacitto. 4 BJT: patigaõhanti. 5 Editor's note: BJT, Soëasamo piyavaggo, against its normal practice of putting the name first; ChS: Piyavaggo soëasamo niññhito.
144 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
17: Kodhavaggo1
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 kodhaü jahe vippajaheyya mànaü ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saüyojanaü sabbam-atikkameyya ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ taü2 nàmaråpasmiü3 asajjamànaü ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ akiÿcanaü nànupatanti dukkhà. [221]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà (x 2) yo ve uppatitaü kodhaü rathaü bhantaü va dhàraye, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 4 tam-ahaü sàrathiü bråmi rasmiggàho itaro jano. [222]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà akkodhena jine kodhaü, asàdhuü sàdhunà jine, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà jine kadariyaü dànena, saccena alikavàdinaü.5 [223]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 saccaü bhaõe na kujjheyya, dajjàppasmim-pi yàcito,6 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ etehi tãhi ñhànehi gacche devàna' santike. [224]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà ahiüsakà ye munayo, niccaü kàyena saüvutà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà te yanti accutaü ñhànaü, yattha gantvà na socare. [225]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sadà jàgaramànànaü ahorattànusikkhinaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ nibbànaü7 adhimuttànaü, atthaü gacchanti àsavà. [226]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà poràõam-etaü atula netaü ajjatanàm-iva, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 nindanti tuõhim-àsãnaü,8 nindanti bahubhàõinaü, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mitabhàõinam-pi9 nindanti, natthi loke anindito. [227]
1 PTS: Kodhavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya sattarasamo Kodhavaggo. 2 Thai: Tan. 3 PTS, ChS: -råpasmim. 4 Metre: line d has 9 syllables, we could correct it by reading 'taro m.c. 5 PTS, ChS: saccenàlikavàdinaü. 6 PTS, Thai: dajjà appasmi yàcito; ChS: dajjà appampi yàcito. 7 BJT: nibbàõaü. 8 PTS: tuõhiü àsãnaü. 9 BJT, Thai, ChS: mitabhàõampi.
145 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha na càhu na ca bhavissati na cetarahi vijjati ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ekantaü nindito poso ekantaü và pasaüsito. [228]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yaÿ-ce viÿÿå pasaüsanti, anuvicca suve suve, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà acchiddavuttiü medhàviü, paÿÿàsãlasamàhitaü, [229]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 nekkhaü1 jambonadasseva, ko taü ninditum-arahati? ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ devà pi naü pasaüsanti, brahmunà pi pasaüsito. [230]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà kàyappakopaü rakkheyya, kàyena2 saüvuto siyà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà kàyaduccaritaü hitvà kàyena sucaritaü care. [231]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà vacãpakopaü rakkheyya, vàcàya saüvuto siyà, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà vacãduccaritaü hitvà vàcàya sucaritaü care. [232]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà manopakopaü rakkheyya, manasà saüvuto siyà, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà manoduccaritaü hitvà manasà sucaritaü care. [233]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 kàyena saüvutà dhãrà, atho vàcàya saüvutà, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ manasà saüvutà dhãrà, te ve suparisaüvutà. [234]
Kodhavaggo sattarasamo.3
1 ChS: nikkhaü. 2 Thai: kàyana, printer's error - correctly printed in the next line. 3 Editor's note: BJT, Sattarasamo kodhavaggo, against its normal practice of putting the name first; ChS: Kodhavaggo sattarasamo niññhito.
146 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
18: Malavaggo1
ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 paõóupalàso va dànisi, ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ yamapurisà pi ca taü2 upaññhità, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ uyyogamukhe ca tiññhasi, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ pàtheyyam-pi ca te na vijjati. [235]
ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 so karohi dãpam-attano, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ khippaü vàyama paõóito bhava, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ niddhantamalo anaïgaõo, ÜÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ dibbaü ariyabhåmim-ehisi.3 [236]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 upanãtavayo ca dànisi, ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sampayàtosi yamassa santike,4 ÜÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ vàso pi ca te5 natthi antarà, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ pàtheyyam-pi ca te na vijjati. [237]
ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 so karohi dãpam-attano, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ khippaü vàyama paõóito bhava, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ niddhantamalo anaïgaõo, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ na punaü6 jàtijaraü upehisi. [238]
1 PTS: Malavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya aññharasamo Malavaggo. 2 ChS: te. 3 ChS: ariyabhåmiü upehisi; Metre: the opening of this line is one mattà too short. Norman (WD) suggests reading àriya- (ÜÛÛ). 4 Thai: santikaü. Metre: for this variation see the Introduction to the Prosody. 5 ChS: vàso te. The Burmese edition has adopted this reading to regularize the metre. Norman (WD) suggests we read vàsÖ pi ca tÕ, which would have the same effect, but note that the shape of the variation would be unusual again here, which must count against it. However this is probably simply a posterior line used in prior position by way of metrical license, and no `correction' is needed (cf. 45c). 6 BJT, Thai: puna.
147 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 anupubbena medhàvã thokathokaü1 khaõe khaõe, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kammàro rajatasseva niddhame malam-attano. [239]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 ayasà va malaü samuññhitaü, ÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ 2 taduññhàya tam-eva khàdati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ evaü atidhonacàrinaü ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sakakammàni3 nayanti duggatiü. [240]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 asajjhàyamalà mantà, anuññhànamalà gharà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ malaü vaõõassa kosajjaü, pamàdo rakkhato malaü. [241]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà malitthiyà duccaritaü, maccheraü dadato malaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà malà ve pàpakà dhammà asmiü loke paramhi ca. [242]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà tato malà malataraü, avijjà paramaü malaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà etaü malaü pahatvàna nimmalà hotha bhikkhavo. [243]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà sujãvaü ahirikena4 kàkasårena dhaüsinà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà pakkhandinà pagabbhena, saïkiliññhena jãvitaü. [244]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 hirãmatà5 ca dujjãvaü, niccaü sucigavesinà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ alãnenàpagabbhena,6 suddhàjãvena passatà. [245]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yo pàõam-atipàteti,7 musàvàdaÿ-ca bhàsati, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà loke adinnaü àdiyati, paradàraÿ-ca gacchati, [246]
1 Thai, ChS: thokaü thokaü. 2 Metre: we need to count the first syllable as heavy (pàdàdigaru) here to complete the mattà count. 3 Thai, ChS: sàni kammàni. 4 PTS: ahirãkena. 5 BJT, Thai: hirimatà. 6 PTS: alãnen' appagabbhena. 7 PTS: pàõaü atimàteti; Thai: pàõam-atipàpeti.
148 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà suràmerayapànaÿ-ca yo naro anuyuÿjati, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà idheva-m-eso1 lokasmiü målaü khanati2 attano. [247]
ÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 evaü bho3 purisa jànàhi pàpadhammà asaÿÿatà. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mà taü lobho adhammo ca ciraü dukkhàya randhayuü. [248]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà dadàti4 ve yathàsaddhaü yathàpasàdanaü jano, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà tattha yo maïku bhavati5 paresaü pànabhojane ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà na so divà và rattiü và samàdhiü6 adhigacchati. [249]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yassa cetaü samucchinnaü målaghaccaü samåhataü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà sa ve divà và rattiü và samàdhiü7 adhigacchati. [250]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 natthi ràgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo gaho, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ natthi mohasamaü jàlaü, natthi taõhàsamà nadã. [251]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 sudassaü vajjam-aÿÿesaü, attano pana duddasaü, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ paresaü hi sÖ vajjàni opunàti8 yathà bhusaü,9 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ attano pana chàdeti kaliü va kitavà sañho. [252]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 paravajjànupassissa niccaü ujjhànasaÿÿino ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ àsavà tassa vaóóhanti, àrà so àsavakkhayà. [253]
1 BJT, Thai: idheva peso. 2 BJT, ChS: khaõati. 3 BJT: evam-bho. 4 PTS: dadanti. 5 BJT: tattha ve maïku yo hoti; Thai: tattha yo maïkuto hoti. 6 ChS: samàdhim. 7 ChS: samàdhim. 8 BJT: opuõàti. 9 Editor's note: BJT, bhåsaü, printer's error.
149 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà àkàse va padaü1 natthi, samaõo natthi bàhire,2 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha papaÿcàbhiratà pajà, nippapaÿcà tathàgatà. [254]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 àkàse va padaü3 natthi, samaõo natthi bàhire,4 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saïkhàrà sassatà natthi, natthi buddhànam-iÿjitaü.5 [255]
Malavaggo aññhàrasamo.6
19: Dhammaññhavaggo7
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na tena hoti dhammaññho yenatthaü sahasà8 naye, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yo ca atthaü anatthaÿ-ca ubho niccheyya paõóito, [256]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà asàhasena dhammena samena nayatã pare, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà dhammassa gutto medhàvã dhammaññho ti pavuccati. [257]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà na tena paõóito hoti yàvatà bahu bhàsati, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà khemã averã abhayo paõóito ti pavuccati. [258]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà na tàvatà dhammadharo yàvatà bahu bhàsati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca appam-pi sutvàna dhammaü kàyena passati, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sa ve dhammadharo hoti yo dhammaü nappamajjati. [259]
1 BJT: àkàse padaü; PTS: àkàse ca padaü. 2 PTS, Thai: bàhiro. 3 BJT: àkàse padaü; PTS: àkàse ca padaü. 4 PTS: bàhiro. 5 BJT: buddhànaü iÿjitaü. 6 ChS: Malavaggo aññhàrasamo niññhito. 7 PTS: Dhammaññhavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya ekånavãsatimo Dhammaññhavaggo. 8 ChS: sàhasà.
150 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular na tena thero1 hoti yenassa palitaü2 siro, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà paripakko vayo tassa moghajiõõo ti vuccati. [260]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yamhi saccaÿ-ca dhammo ca ahiüsà saüyamo damo, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sa ve vantamalo dhãro thero iti3 pavuccati. [261]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na vàkkaraõamattena vaõõapokkharatàya và ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sàdhuråpo naro hoti issukã maccharã sañho. [262]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yassa cetaü samucchinnaü målaghaccaü samåhataü ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà sa vantadoso medhàvã sàdhuråpo ti vuccati. [263]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà na muõóakena samaõo abbato alikaü bhaõaü ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà icchàlobhasamàpanno samaõo kiü bhavissati? [264]
ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo ca sameti pàpàni, aõuü-thålàni sabbaso, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ samitattà hi pàpànaü samaõo ti pavuccati. [265]
ÛÜÛÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ irregular na tena bhikkhu4 hoti yàvatà bhikkhate pare, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà vissaü dhammaü samàdàya bhikkhu hoti na tàvatà. [266]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yodha puÿÿaÿ-ca pàpaÿ-ca bàhetvà brahmacariyavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà saïkhàya loke carati, sa ce bhikkhå ti vuccati. [267]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na monena munã5 hoti måëharåpo aviddasu, ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 6 yo ca tulaü va paggayha varam-àdàya paõóito, [268]
1 ChS: na tena thero so hoti. cf. 266a below. See Brough pg 239. We could read bhavati to give bhavipulà. 2 PTS: phalitaü. 3 PTS: thero ti; Thai: so thero ti. 4 BJT: bhikkhå hoti (å is a printer's error). 5 BJT, Thai: muni; in the text ã is m.c. to give the pathyà cadence. 6 Metre: note the light 2nd & 3rd syllables in the prior line.
151 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pàpàni parivajjeti, sa munã1 tena so muni, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo munàti ubho loke muni2 tena pavuccati. [269]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na tena ariyo hoti yena pàõàni hiüsati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÛ 3 ahiüsà sabbapàõànaü ariyo ti pavuccati. [270]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na sãlabbatamattena, bàhusaccena và pana, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ atha và samàdhilàbhena, vivittasayanena4 và, [271]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà phusàmi nekkhammasukhaü, aputhujjanasevitaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà bhikkhu vissàsa' màpàdi5 appatto àsavakkhayaü. [272]
Dhammaññhavaggo ekånavãsatimo.6
1 Thai: muni; in the text ã is m.c. to avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions. 2 PTS: munã, PTS probably accepts this reading because of munã in line b; but it is not needed by the metre here. 3 Metre: note that twice in this verse we have to scan the sarabhatti vowel in ariya as having its full value. 4 BJT, PTS, Thai: vivicca-. See Brough pg 191. 5 BJT: vissàsaü màpàdi; in the text niggahãta is lost m.c. to give the normal cadence. 6 ChS: Dhammaññhavaggo ekånavãsatimo niññhito.
152 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
20: Maggavaggo1
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà maggànaññhaïgiko seññho, saccànaü caturo padà, ÛÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà viràgo seññho dhammànaü, dipadànaÿ-ca2 cakkhumà. [273]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà eso va3 maggo natthaÿÿo dassanassa visuddhiyà, ÜÜÛÜÜÛÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ irregular 4 etaü hi tumhe pañipajjatha, màrassetaü pamohanaü. [274]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà etaü hi tumhe pañipannà dukkhassantaü karissatha, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà akkhàto ve5 mayà maggo aÿÿàya sallasanthanaü.6 [275]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà tumhehi kiccaü7 àtappaü akkhàtàro tathàgatà, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà pañipannà pamokkhanti jhàyino màrabandhanà. [276]
ÜÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables ßsabbe saïkhàrà aniccàû ti, yadà paÿÿàya passati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà atha nibbindatã8 dukkhe - esa maggo visuddhiyà. [277]
ÜÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà ßsabbe saïkhàrà dukkhàû ti, yadà paÿÿàya passati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà atha nibbindatã9 dukkhe - esa maggo visuddhiyà. [278]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ßsabbe dhammà anattàû ti, yadà paÿÿàya passati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ atha nibbindatã10 dukkhe - esa maggo visuddhiyà. [279]
1 PTS: Maggavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya vãsatimo Maggavaggo. 2 BJT, ChS: dvipadànaÿ ca. 3 PTS, Thai: es' eva. 4 Metre: as it stands line c has 10 syllables. 5 Thai, ChS: vo. 6 PTS, Thai: sallasatthanaü; ChS: sallakantanaü. 7 ChS: kiccam. 8 BJT, Thai, ChS: nibbindati. 9 BJT, Thai, ChS: nibbindati. 10 BJT, Thai, ChS: nibbindati.
153 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 uññhànakàlamhi anuññhahàno, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yuvà balã àlasiyaü upeto, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ saüsannasaïkappamano kusãto, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã paÿÿàya maggaü alaso na vindati. [280]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã vàcànurakkhã manasà susaüvuto, ÜÜÛÛ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha kàyena ca akusalaü na kayirà,1 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 2 ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ àràdhaye maggaü2 isippaveditaü. [281]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà (x 3) yogà ve jàyatã3 bhåri,4 ayogà bhårisaïkhayo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ etaü dvedhàpathaü ÿatvà bhavàya vibhavàya ca, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tathattànaü5 niveseyya yathà bhåri6 pavaóóhati. [282]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vanaü chindatha mà rukkhaü, vanato jàyatã7 bhayaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ chetvà vanaÿ-ca8 vanathaÿ-ca, nibbanà hotha bhikkhavo. [283]
ÜÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 yàva hi9 vanatho na chijjati ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ aõumatto10 pi narassa nàrisu ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ pañibaddhamano va tàva so, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ vaccho khãrapako va màtari. [284]
1 ChS: kàyena ca nàkusalaü kayirà, this reading is probably an attempt to repair the metre, but it doesn't achieve its aim. We should read cà m.c. 2 PTS, ChS: maggam. 3 BJT, PTS: jàyati. 4 PTS, Thai: bhårã. 5 ChS: tathàttànaü. 6 PTS: bhårã. 7 ChS: jàyate. 8 PTS: vanaü (omit ca). 9 BJT yavaü, omit hi; PTS, Thai: yàvaü hi. 10 BJT: anumatto.
154 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 ucchinda sineham-attano, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ kumudaü sàradikaü va pàõinà1 ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ santimaggam-eva bråhaya ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ nibbànaü2 sugatena desitaü. [285]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ßidha vassaü vasissàmi, idha hemantagimhisuû, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iti bàlo vicinteti antaràyaü na bujjhati. [286]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 taü puttapasusammattaü byàsattamanasaü naraü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ suttaü gàmaü mahogho va maccu àdàya gacchati. [287]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà na santi puttà tàõàya, na pità na pi bandhavà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà antakenàdhipannassa, natthi ÿàtisu3 tàõatà. [288]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 etam-atthavasaü ÿatvà, paõóito sãlasaüvuto, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nibbànagamanaü4 maggaü khippam-eva visodhaye. [289]
Maggavaggo vãsatimo.5
21: Pakiõõakavaggo6
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 mattàsukhapariccàgà passe ce vipulàü sukhaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ caje mattàsukhaü dhãro sampassaü vipulàü sukhaü. [290]
1 ChS: omit pàõinà. 2 BJT: nibbàõaü. 3 PTS, ChS: ÿàtãsu. 4 BJT: nibbàõa-. 5 ChS: Maggavaggo vãsatimo niññhito. 6 PTS: Pakiõõakavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya ekavãsatimo Pakiõõakavaggo.
155 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 paradukkhåpadànena attano1 sukham-icchati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ verasaüsaggasaüsaññho verà so na parimuccati.2 [291]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yaü hi kiccaü tad-apaviddhaü,3 akiccaü pana kayirati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ unnalànaü4 pamattànaü tesaü vaóóhanti àsavà. [292]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 yesaÿ-ca susamàraddhà niccaü kàyagatà sati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akiccaü te na sevanti kicce sàtaccakàrino, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ satànaü sampajànànaü atthaü gacchanti àsavà. [293]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 màtaraü pitaraü hantvà, ràjàno dve ca khattiye, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ raññhaü sànucaraü hantvà, anãgho yàti bràhmaõo. [294]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 màtaraü pitaraü hantvà, ràjàno dve ca sotthiye,5 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ veyyagghapaÿcamaü6 hantvà, anãgho yàti bràhmaõo. [295]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yesaü divà ca ratto ca niccaü buddhagatà sati. [296]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yesaü divà ca ratto ca niccaü dhammagatà sati. [297]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yesaü divà ca ratto ca niccaü saïghagatà sati. [298]
1 PTS, Thai: -dhànena yo attano. 2 PTS: pamuccati. Metre: note that this is another case where the negative, being so close syntactically to the word it modifies, is used as the first syllable of a resolution. 3 PTS, ChS: kiccaü apaviddhaü (omit tad). 4 PTS, ChS: unnaëànaü. 5 BJT: sottiye. 6 ChS: veyaggha-.
156 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yesaü divà ca ratto ca niccaü kàyagatà sati. [299]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yesaü divà ca ratto ca ahiüsàya rato mano. [300]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yesaü divà ca ratto ca bhàvanàya rato mano. [301]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha 1 duppabbajjaü durabhiramaü, duràvàsà gharà dukhà,2 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà dukkhosamànasaüvàso, dukkhànupatitaddhagå, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha 3 tasmà na caddhagå siyà na ca dukkhànupatito4 siyà. [302]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà saddho sãlena sampanno yasobhogasamappito, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà yaü yaü padesaü bhajati tattha tattheva påjito. [303]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 dåre santo pakàsenti5 himavanto va pabbato, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asantettha na dissanti rattiü khittà6 yathà sarà. [304]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà ekàsanaü ekaseyyaü eko caram-atandito ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà eko damayam-attànaü vanante ramito siyà. [305]
Pakiõõakavaggo Ekavãsatimo.7
1 Metre: the rule of resolution would allow resolution to be counted at the 5th or the 6th in line a - I mark it at the 6th as the resolution of prefixes is very common. If we take it at the 5th, the variation would be bhavipulà. 2 Thai: dukkhà; dukhà in the text is m.c. to give the normal cadence. 3 Metre: to get a correct reading metrically we have to count na ca as resolution at the 1st. I do not know of a parallel for this elsewhere, but it seems we are obliged to take the reading to get a good meaning for this line. 4 BJT, Thai: dukkhànupatito. 5 BJT: pakàsanti. 6 PTS, Thai: rattikhittà. 7 Editor's note: BJT, ekavãsatimo Pakiõõakavaggo, against its normal practice of putting the name; ChS: Pakiõõakavaggo ekavãsatimo niññhito.
157 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
22: Nirayavaggo1
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 abhåtavàdã nirayaü upeti, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Extended yo vàpi2 katvà na karomã ti3 càha, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ubho pi te pecca samà bhavanti, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nihãnakammà manujà parattha. [306]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà kàsàvakaõñhà bahavo pàpadhammà asaÿÿatà, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà pàpà pàpehi kammehi nirayaü te upapajjare. [307]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 seyyo ayoguëo bhutto tatto aggisikhåpamo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaÿ-ce bhuÿjeyya4 dussãlo raññhapiõóaü5 asaÿÿato. [308]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 cattàri ñhànàni naro pamatto ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ àpajjatã6 paradàråpasevã, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ apuÿÿalàbhaü na nikàmaseyyaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nindaü tatãyaü7 nirayaü catutthaü. [309]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 2 apuÿÿalàbho ca gatã ca pàpikà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ bhãtassa bhãtàya ratã ca thokikà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 2 ràjà ca daõóaü garukaü paõeti - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà naro paradàraü na seve. [310]
1 PTS: Nirayavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya dvàvãsatimo Nirayavaggo. 2 BJT, Thai: càpi. 3 PTS, ChS: omit ti - this reading is taken to regularise the metre, but as it stands the line is an example of the extended form of the Tuññhubha. 4 Editor's note: BJT, bhåÿjeyya, printer's error. 5 ChS: piõóam. 6 BJT, ChS: àpajjati; in the text ã is m.c. to give the normal opening. 7 BJT, Thai: tatiyaü; in the text ã is m.c. to give the normal opening.
158 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà kuso yathà duggahito1 hattham-evànukantati,2 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà sàmaÿÿaü dupparàmaññhaü nirayàyupakaóóhati.3 [311]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yaü kiÿci sithilaü4 kammaü, saïkiliññhaÿ-ca yaü vataü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà saïkassaraü brahmacariyaü, na taü hoti mahapphalaü. [312]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 kayiraÿ-ce5 kayiràthenaü6 daëham-enaü parakkame, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sañhilo7 hi paribbàjo bhiyyo àkirate rajaü. [313]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 akataü dukkataü seyyo, pacchà tapati8 dukkataü, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kataÿ-ca sukataü seyyo, yaü katvà nànutappati. [314]
ÛÛÜÛÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà nagaraü yathà paccantaü guttaü santarabàhiraü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 evaü gopetha attànaü, khaõo vo9 mà upaccagà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ khaõàtãtà hi socanti nirayamhi samappità. [315]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà alajjitàye lajjanti, lajjitàye na lajjare, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà micchàdiññhisamàdànà, sattà gacchanti duggatiü. [316]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha abhaye bhayadassino, bhaye càbhayadassino,10 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà micchàdiññhisamàdànà, sattà gacchanti duggatiü. [317]
1 PTS: duggahãto. 2 PTS: hatthaü evànukantati. 3 Thai: nirayàyåpakaóóhati. 4 PTS: sañhilaü. 5 BJT, ChS: kayirà ce. 6 Thai: kayirathenaü. 7 Thai, ChS: sithilo. 8 Thai, ChS: tappati. 9 PTS: ve. 10 Thai: ca abhayadassino.
159 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà avajje vajjamatino, vajje càvajjadassino,1 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà micchàdiññhisamàdànà, sattà gacchanti duggatiü. [318]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vajjaÿ-ca vajjato ÿatvà, avajjaÿ-ca avajjato, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sammàdiññhisamàdànà, sattà gacchanti suggatiü. [319]
Nirayavaggo dvàvãsatimo.2
23: Nàgavaggo3
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 ahaü nàgo va saïgàme càpàto4 patitaü saraü ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ativàkyaü titikkhissaü, dussãlo hi bahujjano. [320]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà dantaü nayanti samitiü dantaü ràjàbhiråhati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà danto seññho manussesu yotivàkyaü titikkhati. [321]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 varam-assatarà dantà àjànãyà ca sindhavà ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kuÿjarà ca mahànàgà, attadanto tato varaü. [322]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na hi etehi yànehi gaccheyya agataü disaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yathattanà5 sudantena, danto dantena gacchati. [323]
1 Thai: ca avajjadassino. 2 PTS: dvavãsatimo; ChS: Nirayavaggo dvàvãsatimo niññhito. 3 PTS: Nàgavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya tevãsatimo Nàgavaggo. 4 ChS: càpato. 5 BJT, Thai, ChS: yathàttanà.
160 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 dhanapàlakÖ1 nàma kuÿjaro ÛÛÜÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ irregular 2 kañukappabhedano3 dunnivàrayo, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ baddho kabalaü4 na bhuÿjati, ÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sumarati nàgavanassa kuÿjaro. [324]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 middhã yadà hoti mahagghaso ca, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ niddàyità samparivattasàyã, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ mahàvaràho va nivàpapuññho, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ punappunaü gabbham-upeti mando. [325]
ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 4 idaü pure cittam-acàri càrikaü ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ yenicchakaü yatthakàmaü yathàsukhaü, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ tad-ajjahaü niggahessàmi yoniso, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ hatthim-pabhinnaü5 viya aïkusaggaho. [326]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 appamàdaratà hotha sacittam-anurakkhatha, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ duggà uddharathattànaü païke sanno va kuÿjaro. [328]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 sace labhetha nipakaü sahàyaü ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saddhiücaraü sàdhuvihàridhãraü, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ abhibhuyya sabbàni parissayàni ÛÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ careyya tenattamano satãmà. [327]
1 ChS: dhanapàlo. 2 Metre: this line is hypermetric by two mattà (or by one mattà if we understand -pabhedanÖ m.c.); the vv.lls here are an attempt to repair the metre, the PTS reading is based on just one of the old Thai manuscripts (and assumes the light -o). The ChS reading looks very much like one of the frequent scribal `corrections' introduced into that edition. 3 PTS: kañukapabhedano; ChS: kañukabhedano. 4 ChS: kabaëaü. 5 Thai, ChS: hatthippabhinnaü.
161 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha no ce labhetha nipakaü sahàyaü ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saddhiücaraü sàdhuvihàridhãraü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ràjà va raññhaü vijitaü pahàya ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ irregular 1 eko care màtaïgaraÿÿe va nàgo. [329]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜ pathyà ekassa caritaü seyyo natthi bàle sahàyatà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha eko care na ca pàpàni kayirà, ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ irregular 2 appossukko màtaïgaraÿÿe va nàgo. [330]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 atthamhi jàtamhi sukhà sahàyà ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tuññhã sukhà yà itarãtarena ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ puÿÿaü sukhaü jãvitasaïkhayamhi ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbassa dukkhassa sukhaü pahàõaü. [331]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sukhà matteyyatà loke, atho petteyyatà sukhà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sukhà sàmaÿÿatà loke, atho brahmaÿÿatà sukhà. [332]
ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sukhaü yàva jarà sãlaü,3 sukhà saddhà patiññhità, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sukho paÿÿàya pañilàbho, pàpànaü akaraõaü sukhaü. [333]
Nàgavaggo tevãsatimo.4
1 Metre: this line is irregular, and cannot be taken as the extended form of the metre that sometimes turns up, as there is no caesura after the 5th. 2 Metre: as in the previous verse this line is irregular by normal standards. Note that it also has the Vedic opening. 3 PTS: sãlam, printer's error. 4 ChS: Nàgavaggo tevãsatimo niññhito.
162 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
24: Taõhàvaggo1
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 manujassa pamattacàrino ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ taõhà vaóóhati màluvà viya, ÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ2 so palavatã3 huràhuraü ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ phalam-icchaü va vanasmi'4 vànaro. [334]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yaü esà sahatã5 jammã taõhà loke visattikà ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sokà tassa pavaóóhanti abhivaññhaü va bãraõaü. [335]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yo cetaü sahatã6 jammiü taõhaü loke duraccayaü ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà sokà tamhà papatanti udabindu va7 pokkharà. [336]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà taü vo vadàmi bhaddaü vo, yàvantettha samàgatà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà taõhàya målaü khaõatha8 usãrattho va bãraõaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà mà vo naëaü9 va soto va màro bhaÿji punappunaü. [337]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 4 yathà pi måle anupaddave daëhe ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ chinno pi rukkho punar-eva råhati, ÜÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ evam-pi taõhànusaye anåhate ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ nibbattatã10 dukkham-idaü punappunaü. [338]
1 PTS: Taõhàvagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya catuvãsatimo Taõhàvaggo. 2 Metre: this line is short by one mattà. 3 BJT, ChS: plavati. 4 BJT, Thai: vanasmiü; in the text niggahãta is lost m.c. to give the normal cadence. Reading vanamhi would also correct the metre. 5 ChS: sahate. 6 ChS: sahate. 7 BJT: udabindåva. 8 PTS: khanatha. 9 BJT: nalaü. 10 BJT, PTS, Thai: nibbattati; in the text ã is m.c. to give the normal opening.
163 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa chattiüsatã1 sotà manàpassavanà bhusà,2 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vàhà3 vahanti duddiññhiü4 saïkappà ràganissità. [339]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 savanti sabbadhã5 sotà latà ubbhijja6 tiññhati ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taÿ-ca disvà lataü jàtaü målaü paÿÿàya chindatha. [340]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 saritàni sinehitàni ca ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ7 sÖmanassàni bhavanti jantuno, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ te sàtasità sukhesino, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ te ve jàtijaråpagà narà. [341]
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 3 tasiõàya purakkhatà pajà ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ parisappanti saso va bàdhito,8 ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ saüyojanasaïgasattakà9 ÜÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka dukkham-upenti punappunaü ciràya. [342]
1 BJT, ChS: chattiüsati; in the text ã is m.c. to give the pathyà cadence. 2 Editor's note: BJT, bhåsà, printer's error. 3 Thai: vahà; ChS: màhà. 4 PTS: duddiññhaü. 5 BJT, Thai: sabbadhi; PTS: sabbadà; in the text ã is m.c. to give the pathyà cadence. 6 ChS: uppajja. 7 Metre: scanning -o- as light m.c. However the variation ÜÛÜÜÛÛ does exist, see the Introduction to the Prosody. 8 ChS: bandhito. 9 BJT, Thai: saÿÿojanasaïgasattà.
164 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 tasiõàya purakkhatà pajà ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ parisappanti saso va bàdhito,1 ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ tasmà tasiõaü vinodaye ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ 2 bhikkhu àkaïkha'3 viràgam-attano. [343]
ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka yo nibbanatho vanàdhimutto ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 3 vanamutto vanam-eva dhàvati ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ taü puggalam-etha4 passatha ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ mutto bandhanam-eva dhàvati. [344]
ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 na taü daëhaü bandhanam-àhu dhãrà, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ yad-àyasaü dàrujaü5 pabbajaÿ-ca,6 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sàrattarattà maõikuõóalesu ÜÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ puttesu dàresu ca yà apekhà,7 [345]
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 etaü daëhaü bandhanam-àhu dhãrà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ohàrinaü sithilaü duppamuÿcaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etam8-pi chetvàna paribbajanti ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ anapekkhino kàmasukhaü pahàya. [346]
1 ChS: bandhito. 2 Metre: the vv.lls show how much confusion this line has caused, however to correct the metre we only need to read àkaïkhi, and count the line as one of the variant openings (ÜÛÜÜÛÛ) discussed in the Introduction to the Prosody. 3 BJT: àkaükhã; Thai: àkaïkhaü; ChS omits bhikkhu and reads àkaïkhanta, which is an attempt to `correct' the metre, but this variation occurs many times, see the Introduction to the Prosody. 4 PTS, Thai: puggalam eva. 5 ChS: dàruja. 6 BJT: babbajaÿ ca. 7 Thai, ChS: apekkhà. 8 Thai: Etaü.
165 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 ye ràgarattànupatanti sotaü ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sayaükataü makkañako va jàlaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etam-pi chetvàna vajanti dhãrà, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ anapekkhino1 sabbadukkhaü pahàya. [347]
ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 muÿca pure muÿca pacchato, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ majjhe muÿca bhavassa pàragå, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ sabbattha vimuttamànaso ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ na punaü2 jàtijaraü upehisi. [348]
ÛÜÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 vitakkapamathitassa3 jantuno ÜÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ 4 tibbaràgassa subhànupassino ÜÜÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ bhiyyo taõhà pavaóóhati, ÜÛÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ5 esa kho daëhaü karoti bandhanaü. [349]
ÛÜÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 vitakkupasame6 ca yo rato ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ asubhaü bhàvayatã7 sadà sato, ÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ 8 esa kho vyantikàhiti,9 ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ esacchecchati10 màrabandhanaü. [350]
1 PTS: anapekhino. 2 BJT, Thai: puna. 3 ChS: vitakkamathitassa; Metre: we should probably read vitak[k]apamathitassa m.c. Norman (WD) suggests taking the v.l. from ChS, but this looks like one of the frequent scribal `corrections' in that edition, and cannot be relied on as representing any genuine manuscript tradition. 4 Metre: for this variation see the Introduction to the Prosody. 5 Metre: this is a syncopated version of the variation that is discussed in the Introduction to the Prosody. Norman (WD) suggests reading khÖ, but this is unnecessary. 6 PTS, Thai, ChS: vitakkåpasame. 7 BJT: bhàvayati; ChS: bhàvayate; in the text ã is m.c. to give the normal cadence. 8 Metre: the metre is one mattà short in the opening, we really need to re-instate the sarabhatti vowel and read viyanti- (ÛÜÛ) as Norman (WD, following Fausboll) suggests. 9 ChS: byanti-. 10 BJT, ChS: esa checchati; the unhistoric doubling of the initial consonant is m.c. to produce the correct mattà count.
166 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 niññhaü gato asantàsã, vãtataõho anaïgaõo, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ acchindi1 bhavasallàni, antimoyaü samussayo. [351]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà vãtataõho anàdàno, niruttipadakovido, ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà akkharànaü sannipàtaü jaÿÿà pubbaparàni2 ca, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜ(ÛÜÛÛÜ)ÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà sa ve antimasàrãro mahàpaÿÿo (mahàpuriso)3 ti vuccati. [352]
ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 sabbàbhibhå sabbavidåham-asmi, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbesu dhammesu anåpalitto, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbaÿjaho taõhakkhaye4 vimutto, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sayaü abhiÿÿàya kam-uddiseyyaü. [353]
ÜÛÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 5 sabbadànaü dhammadànaü jinàti, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbaü rasaü6 dhammaraso jinàti, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbaü ratiü7 dhammaratã8 jinàti, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ taõhakkhayo sabbadukkhaü jinàti. [354]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà hananti bhogà dummedhaü, no ve9 pàragavesino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà bhogataõhàya dummedho hanti aÿÿe va attanaü.10 [355]
1 PTS: acchidda. 2 PTS, ChS: pubbàparàni. 3 Editor's note: I have placed mahàpuriso in brackets believing this has come in from the commentary; if we exclude it we have a normal Siloka line. 4 Metre: this is an unusual form of the break, having a heavy 6th, but without the caesura which normally follows it. We should probably read taõhakhaye to correct the metre. 5 Metre: We should read sabbaü dànaü, which gives the Vedic opening ÜÜÜÜ , which is acceptable. 6 ChS: sabbarasaü. 7 ChS: sabbaratiü. 8 ChS: -rati. 9 PTS: ce; ChS: ca. 10 BJT, ChS: attanà.
167 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tiõadosàni khettàni, ràgadosà ayaü pajà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tasmà hi vãtaràgesu, dinnaü hoti mahapphalaü. [356]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tiõadosàni khettàni, dosadosà ayaü pajà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tasmà hi vãtadosesu, dinnaü hoti mahapphalaü. [357]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tiõadosàni khettàni, mohadosà ayaü pajà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tasmà hi vãtamohesu, dinnaü hoti mahapphalaü. [358]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 tiõadosàni khettàni, icchàdosà ayaü pajà, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tasmà hi vigaticchesu, dinnaü hoti mahapphalaü.1 [359]
Taõhàvaggo catuvãsatimo.2
25: Bhikkhuvaggo3
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 cakkhunà saüvaro sàdhu, sàdhu sotena saüvaro, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ghàõena4 saüvaro sàdhu, sàdhu jivhàya saüvaro. [360]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x3 kàyena saüvaro sàdhu, sàdhu vàcàya saüvaro, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ manasà saüvaro sàdhu, sàdhu sabbattha saüvaro, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbattha saüvuto bhikkhu sabbadukkhà pamuccati. [361]
1 ChS places this verse in brackets, and then includes another verse (but still within the number 359) which replaces icchà- with taõhà-. The other editions show no knowledge of this reading. 2 ChS: Taõhàvaggo catuvãsatimo niññhito. 3 PTS: Bhikkhuvagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya paÿcavãsatimo Bhikkhuvaggo. 4 Thai, ChS: ghànena.
168 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x3 1 hatthasaüyatÖ pàdasaüyato, ÜÜÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ irreg ular 2 vàcàya saüyatÖ saüyatuttamo,3 ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ ajjhattarato samàhito, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka eko santusito tam-àhu bhikkhuü.4 [362]
ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 5 yo mukhasaüyato bhikkhu, mantabhàõã anuddhato, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ atthaü dhammaÿ-ca dãpeti madhuraü tassa bhàsitaü. [363]
ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà dhammàràmo dhammarato, dhammaü anuvicintayaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà 6 dhammaü anussaraü bhikkhu, saddhammà na parihàyati. [364]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 salàbhaü nàtimaÿÿeyya, nàÿÿesaü pihayaü care,7 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ aÿÿesaü pihayaü bhikkhu samàdhiü nàdhigacchati. [365]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 appalàbho pi ce bhikkhu salàbhaü nàtimaÿÿati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taü ve devà pasaüsanti suddhàjãviü atanditaü. [366]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà sabbaso nàmaråpasmiü yassa natthi mamàyitaü, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha asatà ca na socati, sa ve bhikkhå ti vuccati. [367]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà mettàvihàrã yo bhikkhu,8 pasanno buddhasàsane, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà adhigacche padaü santaü, saïkhàråpasamaü sukhaü. [368]
1 Metre: in this line we need to scan the first syllable as light m.c. 2 This is possibly one of the variations discussed in the Introduction, but we would still have to scan the last syllable in saüyato as light m.c. It maybe we should read vàcàsaüyatÖ here instead. 3 Thai: saÿÿatattamo. 4 Thai: bhikkhu. 5 Metre: note the light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions. 6 Metre: again the negative in front of the word it modifies forms the first part of a resolution here. 7 Thai: pihayaÿ-care. 8 Editor's note: BJT, bhikkhå, printer's error.
169 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 siÿca bhikkhu imaü nàvaü, sittà te lahum-essati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ chetvà ràgaÿ-ca1 dosaÿ-ca, tato nibbànam2-ehisi. [369]
ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà paÿca chinde paÿca jahe, paÿca cuttaribhàvaye,3 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà paÿca saïgàtigo bhikkhu oghatiõõo ti vuccati. [370]
ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya jhàya bhikkhu mà ca pàmado,4 ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Opacchandasaka x 3 mà te kàmaguõe bhamassu5 cittaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ mà lohaguëaü gilã pamatto, ÜÜÛÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ 6 mà kandi dukkham-idan-ti óayhamàno. [371]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 natthi jhànaü apaÿÿassa, paÿÿà natthi ajhàyato, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yamhi jhànaÿ-ca paÿÿà ca sa ve nibbànasantike.7 [372]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 suÿÿàgàraü paviññhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ amànusã ratã8 hoti sammà dhammaü vipassato. [373]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà yato yato sammasati khandhànaü udayabbayaü9 ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà labhatã10 pãtipàmojjaü, amataü taü vijànataü. [374]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà tatràyam-àdi bhavati idha paÿÿassa bhikkhuno: ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà indriyagutti11 santuññhã pàtimokkhe ca saüvaro. [375]
1 BJT: ràgaü (omit ca). 2 BJT: nibbàõam. 3 PTS: vuttaribhàvaye. 4 ChS: mà pamàdo; on this reading see Brough, pg 194. 5 ChS: ramessu. 6 Metre: another example of the variant opening, again with the syncopated opening. As Norman (WD) suggests, another way to correct the metre would be to read duk[k]ham m.c., but there is no support for this from the texts. 7 BJT: nibbàõa-. 8 BJT, ChS: rati; in the text ã is m.c. to give the pathyà cadence. 9 PTS: udayavyayaü. 10 BJT: labhati; in the text ã is m.c. to avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions. 11 PTS: indriyaguttã.
170 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 mitte bhajassu kalyàõe suddhàjãve atandite,1 ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pañisanthàravuttassa,2 àcàrakusalo siyà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà tato pàmojjabahulo dukkhassantaü karissati.3 [376]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vassikà viya pupphàni4 maddavàni pamuÿcati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ evaü ràgaÿ-ca dosaÿ-ca vippamuÿcetha bhikkhavo. [377]
ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà santakàyo santavàco santavà5 susamàhito ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà vantalokàmiso bhikkhu upasanto ti vuccati. [378]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà attanà codayattànaü, pañimàsettam-attanà,6 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà so attagutto satimà sukhaü bhikkhu vihàhisi. [379]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 attà hi attano nàtho,7 attà hi attano gati, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tasmà saüyamayattànaü8 assaü bhadraü va vàõijo. [380]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 pàmojjabahulo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasàsane, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ adhigacche padaü santaü, saïkhàråpasamaü sukhaü. [381]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo have daharo bhikkhu yuÿjati9 buddhasàsane, ÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sÖ imaü10 lokaü pabhàseti abbhà mutto va candimà. [382]
Bhikkhuvaggo paÿcavãsatimo.11
1 Editor's note: PTS takes this line with the previous verse. 2 BJT, Thai: pañisanthàravuttyassa; ChS: pañisanthàravutyassa. 3 BJT: karissasi. 4 Thai: puppaphàni, printer's error. 5 Thai: santamano. 6 PTS: pañimàse attam attanà; Thai: pañimaüsetam- ; ChS: pañimaüsetha attanà. 7 ChS adds a line in here in brackets, which is found in none of the other editions: (ko hi nàtho paro siyà). 8 PTS: saÿÿàmay' attànaü; Thai: saÿÿama attànaü; ChS: saüyamamattànaü. 9 PTS: yuÿjate; this reading is taken to avoid the light 2nd & 3rd syllables, but it is based on just one of the old Thai manuscripts. 10 PTS, ChS: somaü. 11 ChS: Bhikkhuvaggo paÿcavãsatimo niññhito.
171 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
26: Bràhmaõavaggo1
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 chinda sotaü parakkamma, kàme panuda2 bràhmaõa, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saïkhàrànaü khayaü ÿatvà, akataÿÿåsi bràhmaõa. [383]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yadà dvayesu dhammesu pàragå hoti bràhmaõo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà athassa sabbe saüyogà atthaü gacchanti jànato. [384]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa pàraü apàraü và pàràpàraü na vijjati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vãtaddaraü visaüyuttaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [385]
ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 jhàyiü virajam-àsãnaü katakiccaü3 anàsavaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ uttamatthaü anuppattaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [386]
ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 divà tapati àdicco, rattiü àbhàti4 candimà, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sannaddho khattiyo tapati, jhàyã tapati bràhmaõo, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ atha sabbam-ahorattiü buddho tapati tejasà. [387]
ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vetàlãya x 4 bàhitapàpo ti bràhmaõo, ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ samacariyà samaõo ti vuccati, ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ pabbàjayam-attano5 malaü, ÜÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ tasmà pabbajito ti vuccati. [388]
ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na bràhmaõassa pahareyya, nàssa muÿcetha bràhmaõo, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dhã bràhmaõassa hantàraü, tato dhã yassa muÿcati. [389]
1 PTS: Bràhmaõavagga; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya chabbãsatimo Bràhmaõavaggo. 2 Thai: panåda. 3 ChS: katakiccam. 4 Thai, ChS: rattim-àbhàti. 5 BJT: pabbàjayattano.
172 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 2 na bràhmaõassetad-akiÿci seyyo, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yadà nisedho manaso piyehi, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yato yato hiüsamano nivattati, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha tato tato sammati-m-eva dukkhaü. [390]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa kàyena vàcàya, manasà natthi dukkataü,1 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saüvutaü tãhi ñhànehi, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [391]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yamhà dhammaü vijàneyya sammàsambuddhadesitaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sakkaccaü taü namasseyya aggihuttaü va bràhmaõo. [392]
ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 na jañàhi na gottena,2 na jaccà hoti bràhmaõo, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yamhi saccaÿ-ca dhammo ca so sucã so va3 bràhmaõo. [393]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà kiü te4 jañàhi dummedha kiü te ajinasàñiyà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà abbhantaraü te5 gahanaü6 bàhiraü parimajjasi. [394]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà paüsukåladharaü jantuü,7 kisaü dhamanisanthataü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà ekaü vanasmiü jhàyantaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [395]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 3 na càhaü bràhmaõaü bråmi yonijaü mattisambhavaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhovàdã8 nàma so hoti sace9 hoti sakiÿcano, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akiÿcanaü anàdànaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [396]
1 ChS: dukkañaü. 2 Thai: gottehi. 3 Thai, ChS: ca. 4 Thai: kin-te, and in the next line. 5 Thai: abbhantaran-te. 6 BJT, Thai: gahaõaü. 7 Editor's note: BJT, jantåü, printer's error. 8 PTS, ChS: bhovàdi. 9 PTS, Thai: sa ve; see Brough 183.
173 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 sabbasaüyojanaü chetvà yo ve na paritassati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saïgàtigaü visaüyuttaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [397]
ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 chetvà naddhiü1 varattaÿ-ca, sandàmaü sahanukkamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ukkhittapalighaü2 buddhaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [398]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 akkosaü vadhabandhaÿ-ca, aduññho yo titikkhati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ khantãbalaü3 balànãkaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [399]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà akkodhanaü vatavantaü, sãlavantaü anussutaü,4 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà dantaü antimasàrãraü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [400]
ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 vàri pokkharapatte va, àragge-r-iva sàsapo, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yo na lippati5 kàmesu, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [401]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo dukkhassa pajànàti idheva khayam-attano, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pannabhàraü visaüyuttaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [402]
ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà gambhãrapaÿÿaü medhàviü, maggàmaggassa kovidaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà uttamatthaü6 anuppattaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [403]
ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà asaüsaññhaü gahaññhehi, anàgàrehi cåbhayaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà anokasàriü7 appicchaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [404]
1 PTS: nandhiü. 2 PTS: paëighaü. 3 BJT, Thai: khantibalaü; in the text ã is m.c. to give avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions. 4 ChS: anussadaü. 5 ChS: limpati. 6 ChS: uttamattham. 7 ChS: anokasàrim.
174 A New Edition of the Dhammapada
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà nidhàya daõóaü bhåtesu tasesu thàvaresu ca, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yo na hanti na ghàteti, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [405]
ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 aviruddhaü viruddhesu, attadaõóesu nibbutaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sàdànesu anàdànaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [406]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa ràgo ca doso ca màno makkho ca pàtito, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sàsapo-r-iva àraggà, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [407]
ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà akakkasaü viÿÿapaniü1 giraü saccaü2 udãraye, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yàya nàbhisaje kaÿci, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [408]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yodha dãghaü va3 rassaü và aõuü-thålaü subhàsubhaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà loke adinnaü nàdiyati,4 tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [409]
ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 àsà yassa na vijjanti asmiü loke paramhi ca, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ niràsayaü5 visaüyuttaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [410]
ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassàlayà na vijjanti, aÿÿàya akathaïkathã, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ amatogadhaü6 anuppattaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [411]
ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yodha puÿÿaÿ-ca pàpaÿ-ca ubho saïgaü7 upaccagà, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asokaü virajaü suddhaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [412]
1 PTS, Thai, ChS: viÿÿàpaniü. See Brough p. 184. 2 ChS: saccam. 3 Thai: và; in the text va ( 175 A New Edition of the Dhammapada ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 candaü va vimalaü suddhaü, vippasannam-anàvilaü ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ nandãbhavaparikkhãõaü,1 tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [413] ÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yo imaü2 palipathaü3 duggaü saüsàraü moham-accagà, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tiõõo pàragato jhàyã anejo akathaïkathã, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha anupàdàya nibbuto, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [414] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yodha kàme pahatvàna4 anàgàro paribbaje ÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kàmabhavaparikkhãõaü,5 tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [415] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yodha taõhaü pahatvàna,6 anàgàro paribbaje, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taõhàbhavaparikkhãõaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [416] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 hitvà mànusakaü yogaü, dibbaü yogaü upaccagà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbayogavisaüyuttaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [417] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 hitvà ratiÿ-ca aratiÿ-ca, sãtibhåtaü niråpadhiü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbalokàbhibhuü vãraü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [418] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 cutiü yo vedi sattànaü upapattiÿ-ca sabbaso, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asattaü sugataü buddhaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [419] ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà yassa gatiü na jànanti, devà gandhabbamànusà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà khãõàsavaü arahantaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [420] 1 Thai: nandi-; in the text ã is m.c. to avoid 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions. 2 ChS: yomaü - an unnecessary metrical `correction'. 3 BJT: paëipathaü. 4 BJT: pahàtvàna. 5 PTS: kàmàbhava-; PTS takes this reading to avoid the opening ÅÛÛÅ, but it occurs many times elsewhere, see the Introduction to the Prosody. Here there is not good manuscript support for the reading. 6 BJT: pahàtvàna. 176 A New Edition of the Dhammapada ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 yassa pure ca pacchà ca majjhe ca natthi kiÿcanaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akiÿcanaü anàdànaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [421] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 usabhaü pavaraü vãraü, mahesiü vijitàvinaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ anejaü nhàtakaü buddhaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [422] ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà pubbenivàsaü yo vedã,1 saggàpàyaÿ-ca passati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà x 2 atho jàtikkhayaü patto, abhiÿÿàvosito muni, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbavositavosànaü, tam-ahaü bråmi bràhmaõaü. [423] Bràhmaõavaggo chabbãsatimo.2 1 Thai, ChS: vedi. 2 ChS: Bràhmaõavaggo chabbãsatimo niññhito; Thai: Bràhmaõaggo, printer's error. 177 A New Edition of the Dhammapada Vagguddànaü:1 Yamakappamàdo2 Cittaü, Pupphaü Bàlena Paõóito,3 Arahanto4 Sahassena, Pàpaü Daõóena5 te dasa. [1] Jarà Attà ca Loko ca, Buddhaü6 Sukhaü Piyena7 ca, Kodho Malaÿ-ca Dhammaññho,8 Maggavaggena vãsati. [2] Pakiõõaü Nirayo9 Nàgo, Taõhà10 Bhikkhu ca Bràhmaõo, ete chabbãsatã11 vaggà, desitàdiccabandhunà. [3] Gàthuddànaü:12 Yamake vãsatã13 gàthà, Appamàdamhi dvàdasa, ekàdasa14 Cittavagge, Pupphavaggamhi soëasa. [1] Bàle ca soëasa15 gàthà, Paõóitamhi catuddasa, Arahante dasà16 gàthà, Sahasse honti soëasa. [2] 1 PTS: omitted in PTS; Thai: Dhammapadagàthàya uddànaü; ChS has the following in brackets, not found in the other editions: (ettàvatà sabbapañhame Yamakavagge cuddasa vatthåni, Appamàdavagge nava, Cittavagge nava, Pupphavagge dvàdasa, Bàlavagge pannarasa, Paõóitavagge ekàdasa, Arahantavagge dasa, Sahassavagge cuddasa, Pàpavagge dvàdasa, daõóavagge ekàdasa, jaràvagge nava, attavagge dasa, lokavagge ekàdasa, Buddhavagge nava, Sukhavagge aññha, Piyavagge nava, Kodhavagge aññha, Malavagge dvàdasa, Dhammaññhavagge dasa, Maggavagge dvàdasa, Pakiõõakavagge nava, Nirayavagge nava, Nàgavagge aññha, Taõhàvagge dvàdasa, Bhikkhuvagge dvàdasa, Bràhmaõavagge cattàlãsàti paÿcàdhikàni tãõi vatthusatàni. satevãsacatussatà, catusaccavibhàvinà;. satattayaÿca vatthånaü, paÿcàdhikaü samuññhitàti). This is followed by the heading: Dhammapade vaggànamuddànaü. 2 PTS, Thai: Yamakaü Appamàdaü; Thai actually prints Appamadaü, a printer's error. 3 PTS, Thai: Paõóitaü. 4 PTS, Thai: Arahantaü. 5 BJT: Pàpadaõóena. 6 BJT: Buddho. 7 BJT: Sukhapiyena. 8 PTS, Thai: Kodhaü Malaÿ-ca Dhammaññhaü. 9 PTS, Thai: Nirayaü. 10 PTS, Thai: Taõhaü. 11 BJT, ChS: chabbãsati. 12 PTS omits this and the following verses. Thai omits this heading. ChS: Gàthànamuddànaü. 13 BJT, ChS: vãsati. 14 Thai: Ekàdasà. 15 Thai: sattarasà ! 16 BJT, ChS: dasa. 178 A New Edition of the Dhammapada terasà1 Pàpavaggamhi, Daõóamhi dasa satta ca, ekàdasa2 Jaràvagge, Attavagge bhave dasa.3 [3] dvàdasà4 Lokavaggamhi, Buddhe caññhàrasà5 bhave,6 Sukhe ca Piyavagge ca, gàthàyo honti dvàdasa. [4] cuddasà7 Kodhavaggamhi, Malavaggekavãsati, sattarasa ca Dhammaññhe, Maggavagge tatheva ca.8 [5] Pakiõõe soëasa gàthà, Niraye nàge catuddasa,9 chabbãsati10 Taõhàvaggamhi, tevãsa Bhikkhuvaggikà.11 [6] cattàëãsekagàthàyo,12 Bràhmaõe vaggam-uttame, gàthàsatàni cattàri, tevãsa ca punàpare, Dhammapade nipàtamhi desitàdiccabandhunà ti.13 [7] Dhammapadaü niññhitaü.14 1 BJT, ChS: Terasa. 2 Thai: Ekàdasà. 3 Thai: attavaggamhi dvàdasa ! 4 BJT, ChS: Dvàdasa. 5 Editor's note: BJT, caññhàrasa, printer's error. 6 Thai: Buddhavaggamhi soëasa ! ChS: Buddhavaggamhi ñhàrasa. 7 BJT, ChS: Cuddasa. 8 Thai: Maggavaggamhi soëasa ! ChS: Maggavagge sattarasa. 9 Thai: cuddasa; ChS: ca cuddasa. 10 Thai: dvàvãsa; ChS: chabbãsa. 11 Thai: Bhikkhuvaggakà. 12 Thai: Cattàëãsa ca gàthàyo; ChS: Ekatàlãsagàthàyo. 13 Thai omits ti. 14 BJT: Dhammapadapàëi niññhità. 179 A New Edition of the Dhammapada 180 Dhammapada Indexes Dhammapada Complete Word Index A â I ä U æ E O KA KHA GA GHA CA CHA JA JHA ¥A òA òHA ôA ôHA TA THA DA DHA NA PA PHA BA BHA MA YA RA LA VA SA HA The Dhammapada Indexes The Dhammapada Indexes akakkasaü, 408 ajjhattarato, 362 atthapadaü, 99 akataü, 165, 314 ajhàyato, 372 atthamhi, 331 akataÿÿå, 96, 383 aÿÿataraü, 136, 157 atthavasaü, 289 akataÿÿåsi, 383 aÿÿà, 57, 75, 95, 275, 411 atha, 55, 69, 83, 118, 119, akatàni, 50 aÿÿàya, 275, 411 135, 139, 158, 271, 277, akathaïkathã, 411, 414 aÿÿàvimuttassa, 96 278, 279, 387 akaraõaü, 183, 333 aÿÿàvimuttànaü, 57 athaÿÿam, 158 akàriyaü, 176 aÿÿe, 43, 252, 355, 365 athassa, 384 akiccaü, 292, 293 aÿÿesaü, 252, 365 athàyaü, 85 akiÿcanaü, 221, 396, 421 aññhãnaü, 150 atho, 151, 234, 332, 423 akiÿcano, 88 aññhãni, 149 adaõóesu, 136 akiÿci, 390 aõuü, 31, 265, 409 adassanaü, 46, 210 akutobhaye, 196 aõumatto, 284 adassanena, 206 akubbato, 51, 123 atanditaü, 366 adinnaü, 246, 409 akusalaü, 281 atandite, 376 aduññho, 399 akkocchi, 3, 4 atandito, 305 addhàna, 207 akkodhanaü, 400 atikkamaü, 191 adhammena, 84 akkodhena, 223 atikkameyya, 221 adhammo, 248 akkosaü, 399 atittaü, 48 adhigacchati, 249, 250 akkharànaü, 352 atidhonacàrinaü, 240 adhigacchanti, 12 akkhàtàro, 276 atipàteti, 246 adhigacche, 368, 381 akkhàte, 86 atirocati, 59 adhicitte, 185 akkhàto, 275 ativasà, 74 adhimuttànaü, 226 agataü, 323 ativàkyaü, 320 adhisessati, 41 agandhakaü, 51 atãtassa, 176 anakkhàte, 218 agàraü, 13, 14 atula, 227 anaïgaõassa, 124 agàràni, 139 attagutto, 379 anaïgaõo, 236, 238, 351 aggi, 202, 251, 139 attaghaÿÿàya, 164 anattà, 279 aggiü, 106 attajaü, 161 anatthaÿ, 256 aggidaóóho, 135 attadaõóesu, 406 anatthapadasaühità, 99, aggisikhåpamo, 308 attadatthaü, 166 100, 101 aggihuttaü, 392 attadattham, 166 anatthàya, 72 aggãva, 31 attadantassa, 103 anantagocaraü, 179, 180 agghati, 70 attadanto, 322 ananvàhatacetaso, 39 aïkusaggaho, 326 attanaü, 355 anapàyinã, 2 aïgesu, 89 attanà, 66, 160, 161, 165, anapekkhino, 346, 347 acaritvà, 155, 156 379 anappakaü, 144 acàri, 326 attano, 15, 16, 50, 61, 62, anavaññhitacittassa, 38 aciraü, 41 84, 130, 131, 160, 163, anavassutacittassa, 39 accagà, 414 217, 236, 238, 239, 247, anàgàrehi, 404 accantadussãlyaü, 162 252, 285, 291, 343, 380, anàgàro, 415, 416 accutaü, 225 388, 402 anàturà, 198 acchiddavuttiü, 229 attasambhavaü, 161 anàdànaü, 396, 406, 421 acchindi, 351 attahetu, 84 anàdàno, 352 ajinasàñiyà, 394 attà, 62, 103, 159, 160, 380 anàvilaü, 413 ajini, 3, 4 attànaÿ, 157, 159 anàvilo, 82 ajjatanàm, 227 attànam, 158 anàsavaü, 386 ajjahaü, 326 atthaü, 209, 226, 256, anàsavassa, 94 ajjhagà, 154 293, 363, 384 anàsavà, 125 183 The Dhammapada Indexes anikkasàvo, 9 antimasàrãro, 352 appo, 174 aniccà, 277 antimoyaü, 351 appossukko, 330 anindito, 227 andhakàrena, 146 aphalà, 51 anibbisaü, 153 andhabhåte, 59 abalassaü, 29 animitto, 92, 93 andhabhåto, 174 abbato, 264 anivesano, 40 anveti, 1, 2, 71, 123 abbhakkhànaü, 138 anissito, 93 apajitaü, 104 abbhantaraü, 394 anãgho, 294, 295 apaÿÿassa, 372 abbhà, 172, 173, 382 anuññhahàno, 280 apatthàni, 149 abhabbo, 32 anuññhànamalà, 241 apadaü, 179, 180 abhaye, 317 anutappati, 67 apaviddhaü, 292 abhayo, 258 anuttaraü, 23 apassaü, 112, 113, 114 abhàvitaü, 13 anuttaro, 55 apàraü, 385 abhiÿÿàya, 75, 166, 353 anutthunaü, 156 api, 65, 99, 100, 105, 106, abhiÿÿàvosito, 423 anuddhato, 363 187, 196 abhittharetha, 115 anudhammacàrã, 20 apuÿÿalàbhaü, 309 abhinandanti, 219 anupaghàto, 185 apuÿÿalàbho, 310 abhibhuyya, 328 anupaddave, 338 aputhujjanasevitaü, 272 abhimatthati, 161 anupavàdo, 185 apekhà, 345 abhivaññhaü, 335 anupàdàya, 89, 414 apetakaddamo, 95 abhivàdanasãlissa, 108 anupàdiyàno, 20 apetaviÿÿàõo, 41 abhivàdanà, 107 anupubbena, 239 apeto, 9 abhisambudhàno, 46 anuppattaü, 386, 403, 411 appakà, 85 abhåtavàdã, 306 anubråhaye, 75 appañibaddhacitto, 218 amataü, 113, 374 anumodamàno, 177 appatto, 272 amatapadaü, 21 anuyuÿjati, 247 appaduññhassa, 124 amatogadhaü, 411 anuyuÿjanti, 26 appaduññhesu, 136 amattaÿÿuü, 7 anuyuÿjetha, 27 appabodhati, 142 amànusã, 373 anurakkhatha, 327 appam, 20, 259 amitteneva, 66, 207 anuvicintayaü, 364 appamattassa, 24 ayaü, 56, 174, 356, 357, anuvicca, 229 appamattà, 21 358, 359 anusàsati, 159 appamatto, 27, 29, 56 ayasà, 240 anusàseyya, 158 appamàdaü, 30 ayogà, 282 anussaraü, 364 appamàdaÿ, 26 ayoguëo, 308 anussukà, 199 appamàdamhi, 22 ayoge, 209 anussutaü, 400 appamàdaratà, 327 ayojayaü, 209 anåpalitto, 353 appamàdarato, 31, 32 araÿÿàni, 98 anåhate, 338 appamàdavihàrinaü, 57 aratiÿ, 418 anekajàtisaüsàraü, 153 appamàde, 22 arahataü, 164 anejaü, 422 appamàdena, 28, 30 arahati, 9, 10, 230 anejo, 414 appamàdo, 21 arahantaü, 420 anokaü, 87 appalàbho, 366 ariyaü, 208 anokasàriü, 404 appasattho, 122 ariyaÿ, 191 antakenàdhipannassa, 288 appassàdà, 186 ariyappavedite, 79 antako, 48 appassutàyaü, 152 ariyabhåmim, 236 antarà, 237 appicchaü, 404 ariyasaccàni, 190 antaràyaü, 286 appiyànaÿ, 210 ariyànaü, 22, 164, 206 antalikkhe, 126, 127 appiyehi, 210 ariyo, 270 antimasàrãraü, 400 appiyo, 77 arukàyaü, 147 184 The Dhammapada Indexes alaïkato, 141 asmà, 220 àyasaü, 345 alajjitàye, 316 asmi, 353 àyu, 109 aladdhà, 155, 156 asmiü, 168, 169, 242, 410 àyuü, 135 alaso, 280 assaü, 380 àyogo, 185 alàpåneva, 149 assatarà, 322 àraggà, 407 alikaü, 264 assaddho, 96 àragge, 401 alikavàdinaü, 223 assà, 94 àraddhavãriyaü, 8 alãnenàpagabbhena, 245 assu, 74 àrabhato, 112 avajjaÿ, 319 assumukho, 67 àrà, 253 avajjato, 319 ahaü, 222, 320, 385, 386, àràdhaye, 281 avajje, 318 391, 395, 396, 397, 398, àràmarukkhacetyàni, 188 avadhi, 3, 4 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, àruyha, 28 avijànataü, 60 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, àrogyaparamà, 204 avijànato, 38 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, àlasiyaü, 280 avijjà, 243 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, àvàsesu, 73 avitiõõakaïkhaü, 140 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 àsavakkhayaü, 272 aviddasu, 268 ahàsi, 3, 4 àsavakkhayà, 253 aviruddhaü, 406 ahiüsakà, 225 àsavà, 226, 253, 292, 293 avekkhati, 28 ahiüsà, 261, 270 àsà, 410 avekkhantaü, 170 ahiüsàya, 300 àsãnaü, 227, 386 avekkheyya, 50 ahitàni, 163 àhàre, 93 averino, 197 ahirikena, 244 àhu, 345, 346, 362 averã, 258 aheñhayaü, 49 icchaü, 334 averena, 5 ahorattànusikkhinaü, 226 icchati, 291 asaüvutaü, 7 ahorattiü, 387 icchatã, 162 asaüsaññhaü, 404 àkaïkha', 343 icchà, 74 asajjamànaü, 221 àkàse, 92, 93, 175, 254, icchàdosà, 359 asajjhàyamalà, 241 255 icchàlobhasamàpanno, asaÿÿatà, 248, 307 àkirate, 313 264 asaÿÿato, 308 àgataü, 219, 220 icche, 84 asataü, 73, 77 àgamissati, 120, 121 iccheyya, 73, 84, 88 asatà, 367 àgamma, 87, 189, 192 iÿjitaü, 255 asattaü, 419 àcàrakusalo, 376 itarà, 85, 104 asantàsã, 351 àcinaü, 120, 121 itarãtarena, 331 asantettha, 304 àjànãyà, 322 itaro, 222 asabbhà, 77 àtappaü, 276 iti, 62, 74, 186, 261, 286 asamàhito, 109, 110 àtàpino, 144 idaü, 40, 144, 148, 326, asarãraü, 37 àturaü, 147 338 asàdhuü, 223 àturesu, 198 idan, 371 asàdhåni, 163 àdànapañinissagge, 89 iddhiyà, 175 asàraÿ, 12 àdàya, 47, 49, 268, 287 idha, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, asàrato, 12 àdi, 375 286, 375 asàre, 11 àdicco, 387 idheva, 247, 402 asàhasena, 257 àdiyati, 246 indriyagutti, 375 asuddhã, 165 ànando, 146 indriyesu, 7, 8 asubhaü, 350 àpajjatã, 309 imaü, 40, 44, 45, 46, 172, asubhànupassiü, 8 àbàdhaü, 138 173, 369, 382, 414 asokaü, 412 àbhassarà, 200 imettam, 196 asoko, 28 àbhàti, 387 iva, 44, 45, 143, 227, 401, 185 The Dhammapada Indexes 407 upehisi, 238, 348 evam, 75, 338 isippaveditaü, 281 uppatitaü, 222 evànukantati, 311 issariyaü, 73 uppalaü, 55 evànudhàvati, 85 issukã, 262 uppàdo, 182, 194 esa, 5, 134, 277, 278, 279, ukkuñikappadhànaü, 141 ubbhato, 34 349, 350 ukkhittapalighaü, 398 ubbhijja, 340 esacchecchati, 350 uccayo, 117, 118 ubhayattha, 15, 16, 17, 18 esà, 335 ucchinda, 285 ubho, 74, 256, 269, 306, esàno, 131, 132 ujuü, 33 412 eso, 247, 274 ujjugatesu, 108 uyyuÿjanti, 91 essati, 369 ujjhànasaÿÿino, 253 uyyogamukhe, 235 essanti, 37, 86 ujjhitasmiü, 58 usabhaü, 422 ehisi, 236, 369 uññhànakàlamhi, 280 usãrattho, 337 okaü, 91 uññhànavato, 24 usukàrà, 80, 145 okata, 34 uññhànenappamàdena, 25 usukàro, 33 okam, 34, 91 uttamaü, 115, 189, 192 ussukesu, 199 okà, 87 uttamatthaü, 386, 403 ekaü, 100, 101, 102, 176, oghatiõõo, 370 uttamaporiso, 97 395 ogho, 25 uttamo, 56 ekaghano, 81 onaddhà, 146 uttiññhe, 168 ekacaraü, 37 opunàti, 252 udakaü, 80, 145 ekacariyaü, 61 ovadeyyànusàseyya, 77 udakumbho, 121, 122 ekaÿ, 103, 106, 107 ohàrinaü, 346 udabindu, 336 ekantaü, 228 ohito, 150 udabindunipàtena, 121, ekarajjena, 178 kaüso, 134 122 ekaseyyaü, 305 kaÿci, 133, 408 udayabbayaü, 113, 374 ekassa, 330 kañukappabhedano, 324 udãraye, 408 ekàsanaü, 305 kañukapphalaü, 66 uddiseyyaü, 353 ekàhaü, 110, 111, 112, kaññhakasseva, 164 uddhaüsoto, 218 113, 114, 115 kaõhaü, 87 uddharathattànaü, 327 ekepapajjanti, 126 kata, 74, 314 unnalànaü, 292 eko, 305, 329, 330, 362 kataü, 67, 68, 71, 150, upaccagà, 315, 412, 417 etaü, 22, 75, 183, 185, 161, 165, 173 upaññhità, 235 192, 203, 227, 243, 274, katakiccaü, 386 upanayhanti, 3, 4 275, 282, 346 kataÿ, 314 upanãtavayo, 237 etam, 289, 346, 347 katan, 17, 18 upapajjati, 140 eti, 54, 108 katapuÿÿam, 220 upapajjare, 307 ete, 281 katapuÿÿo, 16, 18 upapattiÿ, 419 etesaü, 55 katàkataü, 50 upamaü, 129, 130 etehi, 224, 323 katàni, 50 upasaggaü, 139 ettha, 6 kattabbaü, 53 upasantassa, 96 etha, 171, 344 katvà, 67, 68, 129, 130, upasanto, 201, 378 edhati, 193 306, 314 upasamassa, 205 enaü, 313 kadariyaü, 223 upasampadà, 183 eva, 72, 125, 137, 158, kadariyà, 177 upasammati, 100, 101, 102 206, 240, 285, 289, 338, kandi, 371 upahato, 134 344, 390 kabalaü, 324 upeti, 151, 306, 325 evaü, 13, 14, 49, 51, 52, kam, 353 upeto, 10, 280 53, 59, 81, 82, 135, 170, kamma, 15, 96, 217 upenti, 342 240, 248, 315, 377 kammaü, 66, 67, 68, 71, 186 The Dhammapada Indexes 173, 312 kàyappakopaü, 231 kovidaü, 403 kammakiliññham, 15 kàyam, 40, 46 kosajjaü, 241 kammapathe, 281 kàyassa, 140 khaõatha, 337 kammavisuddhim, 16 kàyena, 225, 231, 234, khaõàtãtà, 315 kammàni, 136 259, 281, 361, 391 khaõe, 239 kammàro, 239 kàyo, 41 khaõo, 315 kammehi, 136, 307 kàsàvaü, 9 khattiye, 294 kayiraÿ, 313 kàsàvakaõñhà, 307 khattiyo, 387 kayirati, 292 kàsàvam, 9, 10 khanati, 247 kayirà, 42, 43, 53, 61, 105, kàhasi, 154 khantã, 184 117, 118, 159, 281, 330 kiü, 264, 394 khantãbalaü, 399 kayiràtha, 25, 117, 118, kiccaü, 276, 292 khandhasamà, 202 211 kiccàkiccesu, 74 khandhànaü, 374 kayiràthetaü, 118 kicce, 293 khayaü, 383 kayiràthenaü, 313 kicchaü, 182 khayam, 154, 402 karaü, 136 kiccho, 182 khàdati, 240 karato, 117 kiÿcanaü, 200, 421 khittà, 304 karissati, 376 kiÿci, 108, 312 khitto, 34, 125 karissatha, 275 kitavà, 252 khippaü, 65, 236, 238 kare, 42, 43 kim, 146 khippam, 137, 289 karoti, 1, 2, 33, 162, 349 kira, 159 khãõamacche, 155 karontà, 66 kilisseyya, 158 khãõàsavaü, 420 karomã, 306 kisaü, 395 khãõàsavà, 89 karohi, 236, 238 kismici, 74 khãraü, 71 kalaü, 70 kujjheyya, 224 khãrapako, 284 kali, 202 kuÿjarà, 322 khettàni, 356, 357, 358, kaliü, 252 kuÿjaro, 324, 327 359 kaliïgaraü, 41 kuto, 62, 212, 213, 214, khemaü, 189, 192 kalyàõe, 78, 116, 376 215, 216 khemã, 258 kasàniviññho, 144 kudàcanaü, 5, 210 kho, 86, 189, 192, 349, 350 kasàm, 143 kubbànaü, 217 gacchati, 31, 47, 174, 246, kahàpaõavassena, 186 kumudaü, 285 287, 323 kà, 149 kumbhåpamaü, 40 gacchanti, 226, 293, 316, kàkasårena, 244 kurute, 48, 217 317, 318, 319, 384 kàpotakàni, 149 kulaü, 193 gacche, 46, 224 kàmakàmà, 83 kusaggena, 70 gaccheyya, 323 kàmagavesino, 99 kusalaü, 53 gaõayaü, 19 kàmaguõe, 371 kusalassa, 183 gataü, 220 kàmato, 215 kusalena, 173 gataddhino, 90 kàmabhavaparikkhãõaü, kusalo, 44, 45 gatàni, 94 415 kusãtaü, 7 gati, 92, 380 kàmaratisanthavaü, 27 kusãto, 112, 280 gatiü, 420 kàmasukhaü, 346 kuso, 311 gatã, 310 kàmà, 186 kuhiÿci, 180 gato, 17, 18, 30, 190, 351 kàme, 88, 383, 415 kena, 179, 180 gantvà, 225 kàmesu, 48, 186, 187, 218, kenaci, 196 ganthà, 211 401 ko, 44, 146, 160, 230 gandhajàtànaü, 55 kàyagatà, 293, 299 koci, 143, 179 gandhabbamànusà, 420 kàyaduccaritaü, 231 kodhaü, 221, 222, 223 gandhabbo, 105 187 The Dhammapada Indexes gandho, 54, 56 169, 172, 177, 185, 188, càhu, 228 gabbham, 126, 325 190, 191, 205, 207, 208, cittaü, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, gamanena, 178 209, 210, 218, 219, 228, 36, 37, 42, 43, 89, 116, gambhãrapaÿÿaü, 403 235, 237, 242, 245, 246, 154, 171, 371 gambhãro, 82 247, 248, 256, 259, 261, cittakataü, 147 garahito, 30 265, 267, 268, 273, 281, cittakkhepaü, 138 garukaü, 138, 310 282, 283, 293, 294, 295, cittaklesehi, 88 gavesatha, 146 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, cittam, 40, 326 gavesanto, 153 301, 302, 310, 312, 314, cittassa, 35 gahakàraka, 154 319, 322, 325, 330, 340, ciraü, 248 gahakàrakaü, 153 341, 345, 348, 350, 352, cirappavàsiü, 219 gahakåñaü, 154 363, 367, 369, 370, 371, ciràya, 342 gahaññhehi, 404 372, 375, 377, 393, 398, cutiü, 419 gahanaü, 394 399, 405, 407, 410, 412, cuttaribhàvaye, 370 gaho, 251 418, 419, 421, 423 cåbhayaü, 404 gàthà, 101 cakkaü, 1 ce, 1, 2, 19, 20, 61, 64, 65, gàthàpadaü, 101 cakkhunà, 360 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, gàthàsataü, 102 cakkhumà, 273 117, 118, 124, 142, 157, gàmaü, 47, 287 cajanti, 83 159, 229, 267, 290, 308, gàme, 49, 98 caje, 290 313, 329, 366, 396 gàvo, 19, 135 caññhaïgikaü, 191 cetaü, 250, 263, 336 giraü, 408 catutthaü, 309 cetarahi, 228 gilã, 371 catubhàgam, 108 cetasà, 79 gihã, 74 caturo, 273 codayattànaü, 379 guttaü, 36, 315 cattàri, 190, 309 chattiüsatã, 339 gutto, 257 cattàro, 109 chandaü, 117, 118 guhàsayaü, 37 caddhagå, 302 chandajàto, 218 gehaü, 154 candaü, 413 chàdeti, 252 gocaraü, 135 candanaü, 54, 55 chàyà, 2 gocare, 22 candimà, 172, 173, 208, chijjati, 284 gocaro, 92, 93 382, 387 chinda, 383 gotamasàvakà, 296, 297, capalaü, 33 chindatha, 283, 340 298, 299, 300, 301 caraÿ, 61 chinde, 370 gottena, 393 carati, 267 chinno, 338 gopàlo, 135 caranti, 66 chuddho, 41 gopetha, 315 caram, 305 chetvà, 283, 369, 397, 398 gopo, 19 caritaü, 330 chetvàna, 46, 346, 347 gharà, 241, 302 care, 49, 168, 169, 231, jagatippadeso, 127, 128 ghàõena, 360 232, 233, 329, 330, 365 jaccà, 393 ghàtaye, 129, 130 careyya, 142, 328 jaÿÿà, 157, 352 ghàteti, 405 càpàtikhittà, 156 jañà, 141 ca, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20, càpàto, 320 jañàhi, 393, 394 24, 25, 26, 40, 43, 44, 45, càbhayadassino, 317 janà, 26, 85, 86 50, 54, 56, 63, 68, 69, 73, càyaü, 104 jano, 99, 217, 222, 249 74, 77, 86, 92, 93, 96, 97, càrikaü, 326 jantu, 107 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, càvajjadassino, 318 jantuü, 395 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, càsàradassino, 11 jantuno, 105, 176, 341, 119, 120, 135, 138, 141, càha, 306 349 144, 150, 151, 163, 168, càhaü, 396 jambonadasseva, 230 188 The Dhammapada Indexes jammiü, 336 jeyya, 103 tatràbhiratim, 88 jammã, 335 jhànaü, 372 tatràyam, 375 jayaü, 201 jhànaÿ, 372 tathattànaü, 162, 282 jayaparàjayaü, 201 jhànapasutà, 181 tathà, 159 jaraü, 151 jhàya, 371 tathàgatà, 254, 276 jarà, 135, 150, 333 jhàyantaü, 395 tathàråpassa, 105 jallaü, 141 jhàyanti, 155 tatheva, 220 jahanti, 91 jhàyanto, 27 tad, 292, 326 jahe, 221, 370 jhàyiü, 386 taduññhàya, 240 jàgarato, 39, 60 jhàyino, 23, 110, 111, 276 tanukettha, 174 jàgaramànànaü, 226 jhàyã, 387, 414 tapati, 314, 387 jàtaü, 340 ñhapetvà, 40 tapo, 184, 194 jàtamhi, 331 ñhànaü, 137, 225 tappati, 17, 136 jàti, 153 ñhànàni, 309 tam, 125, 179, 180, 222, jàtikkhayaü, 423 ñhànehi, 224, 391 240, 362, 385, 386, 391, jàtijaraü, 238, 348 ñhiti, 147 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, jàtijaråpagà, 341 óayhamàno, 371 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, jàtena, 53 óahaü, 31 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, jànato, 384 óahati, 140 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, jànanti, 420 óahantaü, 71 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, jànàhi, 248 taü, 3, 4, 7, 8, 43, 67, 98, 420, 421, 422, 423 jàniü, 138 108, 117, 121, 122, 133, tamhà, 336 jàyati, 72, 193 163, 193, 208, 217, 221, tamhi, 117, 118 jàyatã, 193, 212, 213, 214, 230, 235, 248, 287, 312, tayo, 281 215, 216, 282, 283 337, 344, 345, 366, 374, tasanti, 129, 130 jàyetha, 58 392 tasiõaü, 343 jàlaü, 251, 347 takkaro, 19 tasiõàya, 342, 343 jàlamutto, 174 tagaraü, 55 tasesu, 405 jàlinã, 180 tagaracandanã, 56 tasmà, 208, 211, 302, 310, jighacchàparamà, 203 tagaramallikà, 54 343, 356, 357, 358, 359, jiõõakoÿcà, 155 tacchakà, 80, 145 380, 388 jitaü, 104, 105, 179 taÿ, 68, 340 tassa, 93, 94, 96, 152, 253, jitaÿ, 40 taõhaü, 336, 416 260, 335, 363 jinàti, 354 taõhakkhayarato, 187 tàõatà, 288 jine, 103, 223 taõhakkhaye, 353 tàõàya, 288 jivhà, 65 taõhakkhayo, 354 tàdi, 95 jivhàya, 360 taõhà, 180, 334, 335, 349 tàdino, 94, 95, 96 jãrati, 152 taõhànaü, 154 tàdisaü, 76, 208 jãranti, 151 taõhànusaye, 338 tàdise, 196 jãvàma, 197, 198, 199, 200 taõhàbhavaparikkhãõaü, tàni, 149 jãvitaü, 110, 111, 112, 416 tàva, 284 113, 114, 115, 130, 148, taõhàya, 216, 337 tàvatà, 259, 266 182, 244 taõhàsamà, 251 ti, 17, 18, 63, 218, 257, jãvitasaïkhayamhi, 331 tatãyaü, 309 258, 260, 263, 265, 267, jãvitukàmo, 123 tato, 1, 2, 6, 42, 43, 243, 270, 277, 278, 279, 306, jãve, 110, 111, 112, 113, 322, 369, 376, 389, 390 352, 367, 370, 371, 378, 114, 115 tatto, 308 388 jutimanto, 89 tattha, 6, 58, 249, 303 tiññhati, 340 jetvà, 175 tattheva, 303 tiññhasi, 235 189 The Dhammapada Indexes tiõadosàni, 356, 357, 358, danto, 142, 321, 323 dãpeti, 363 359 dandhaü, 116 dukkataü, 314, 391 tiõõam, 157 dabbã, 64 dukkhaü, 69, 191, 201, tiõõasokapariddave, 195 damatho, 35 210, 390 tiõõo, 414 damayanti, 80, 145 dukkham, 1, 144, 338, titikkhati, 321, 399 damayam, 305 342, 371 titikkhà, 184 damasaccena, 9, 10 dukkhasamuppàdaü, 191 titikkhissaü, 320 dametha, 159 dukkhassa, 191, 331, 402 titti, 186 damena, 25 dukkhassantaü, 275, 376 tibbaràgassa, 349 damo, 261 dukkhà, 133, 153, 202, tãram, 85 daëhaü, 61, 112, 345, 346, 221, 278 tãhi, 224, 391 349 dukkhànupatitaddhagå, tuññhã, 331 daëhaparakkamà, 23 302 tuõhim, 227 daëham, 313 dukkhànupatito, 302 tumhe, 274, 275 daëhe, 338 dukkhàya, 248 tumhehi, 276 dasannam, 137 dukkhåpasamagàminaü, tulaü, 268 dassanaü, 210 191 te, 11, 12, 23, 85, 86, 89, dassanam, 206 dukkhe, 277, 278, 279 91, 99, 134, 154, 196, dassanassa, 274 dukkho, 117, 207 225, 234, 235, 237, 293, dassayanti, 83 dukkhosamànasaüvàso, 306, 307, 341, 369, 371, daharo, 382 302 394 dànaü, 177 dukhà, 186, 203, 302 tejanaü, 33, 80, 145 dànisi, 235, 237 dukhena, 83 tejasà, 387 dànena, 223 duggaü, 414 tena, 63, 256, 258, 260, dàruü, 80, 145 duggatiü, 17, 240, 316, 266, 269, 270 dàrujaü, 345 317, 318 tenattamano, 328 dàruõaü, 139 duggahito, 311 teneva, 177 dàresu, 345 duggà, 327 tesaü, 3, 57, 92, 181, 211, diññhiü, 164 duccaritaü, 169, 242 292 diññhosi, 154 ducchannaü, 13 tesåpasammati, 4 dinnaü, 356, 357, 358, dujjãvaü, 245 thaõóilasàyikà, 141 359 duddamo, 159 thale, 34, 98 dipadànaÿ, 273 duddasaü, 252 thàvaresu, 405 dibbaü, 236, 417 duddiññhiü, 339 thålaü, 31, 409 dibbesu, 187 dunniggahassa, 35 thålàni, 265 divà, 249, 250, 296, 297, dunnivàrayaü, 33 thero, 260, 261 298, 299, 300, 301, 387 dunnivàrayo, 324 thokathokam, 121, 122 disaü, 42, 323 duppaÿÿo, 111, 140 thokikà, 310 disà, 54 duppabbajjaü, 302 dajjàppasmim, 224 diso, 42, 162 duppamuÿcaü, 346 daõóaü, 142, 310, 405 disvà, 15, 16, 340 dupparàmaññhaü, 311 daõóassa, 129, 130 disvàna, 149 dubbalaü, 7 daõóena, 131, 132, 135, dissanti, 304 dummedha, 394 137 dãghaü, 60, 409 dummedhaü, 161, 355 dadato, 242 dãgham, 207 dummedhà, 66 dadàti, 249 dãghà, 60 dummedhino, 26 dantaü, 35, 321, 400 dãgho, 60 dummedho, 136, 164, 355 dantà, 322 dãpaü, 25 duraccayaü, 336 dantena, 323 dãpam, 236, 238 durannayaü, 93 190 The Dhammapada Indexes durannayà, 92 dhammaratã, 354 nagaraü, 150, 315 durabhiramaü, 302 dhammarato, 364 nagaråpamaü, 40 duràvàsà, 302 dhammaraso, 354 naggacariyà, 141 dullabhaü, 160 dhammavinicchayena, 144 natthaÿÿo, 274 dullabho, 193 dhammassa, 20, 257 natthi, 39, 61, 62, 92, 124, dussati, 125, 137 dhammà, 1, 2, 109, 242, 147, 171, 176, 180, 200, dussãlo, 110, 308, 320 279 202, 211, 212, 213, 214, dårakkhaü, 33 dhammànaü, 273 215, 216, 227, 237, 251, dåraïgamaü, 37 dhammàni, 82 254, 255, 288, 330, 367, dårato, 219 dhammànuvattino, 86 372, 391, 421 dåramaü, 87 dhammàràmo, 364 nadã, 251 dåre, 304 dhammiko, 84 naddhiü, 398 devalokaü, 177 dhamme, 79, 86 nandati, 18 devà, 94, 181, 200, 230, dhammena, 257 nandãbhavaparikkhãõaü, 366, 420 dhammesu, 353, 384 413 devàna, 224 dhammo, 5, 151, 261, 393 nappamajjati, 172, 259 devànaü, 30 dhàraye, 222 nappamajjeyya, 168 devesu, 56 dhàvati, 344 nappasaüsanti, 177 devo, 105 dhã, 389 nappasahati, 8 desitaü, 285 dhãraÿ, 208 nappasahetha, 128 dosaÿ, 20, 369, 377 dhãrà, 23, 175, 181, 234, namayanti, 80, 145 dosadosà, 357 345, 346, 347 namasseyya, 392 dosasamo, 202, 251 dhãro, 28, 122, 177, 193, nayatã, 257 doso, 407 207, 261, 290 nayanti, 80, 145, 240, 321 dvayesu, 384 dhuvaü, 147 naye, 256 dve, 294, 295 dhorayhasãlaü, 208 naraü, 47, 48, 287 dvedhàpathaü, 282 na, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 19, 21, narassa, 125, 284 dhaüsinà, 244 38, 43, 50, 54, 57, 64, 67, narà, 341 dhanaü, 26, 62, 84, 155, 69, 70, 71, 76, 78, 81, 83, naro, 19, 97, 247, 262, 156, 204 84, 90, 91, 95, 99, 105, 309, 310 dhanam, 62 108, 117, 119, 120, 121, naëaü, 337 dhamanisanthataü, 395 122, 127, 128, 129, 130, nàgavanassa, 324 dhammaü, 64, 65, 87, 131, 132, 134, 136, 141, nàgo, 320, 329, 330 167, 168, 169, 176, 259, 146, 151, 152, 154, 158, nàÿÿamaÿÿo, 165 266, 364, 373, 392 166, 167, 169, 170, 177, nàÿÿesaü, 365 dhammagatà, 297 184, 186, 193, 196, 211, nàtimaÿÿati, 366 dhammacàrã, 168, 169 224, 225, 228, 235, 237, nàtimaÿÿeyya, 365 dhammajãvinaü, 164 238, 249, 256, 258, 259, nàthaü, 160 dhammajãvino, 24 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, nàtho, 160, 380 dhammaÿ, 190, 363 270, 271, 280, 281, 284, nàdiyati, 409 dhammaññhaü, 217 286, 288, 291, 293, 302, nàdhigacchati, 187, 365 dhammaññho, 256, 257 304, 306, 309, 310, 312, nàdhigacchanti, 11 dhammadànaü, 354 316, 323, 324, 330, 345, nàdhigaccheyya, 61 dhammadharo, 259 348, 364, 367, 385, 389, nànàsakà, 141 dhammapadaü, 44, 45, 390, 393, 396, 397, 401, nànutappati, 68, 314 102 405, 410, 411, 420 nànupatanti, 221 dhammapãti, 79 naü, 1, 2, 42, 43, 157, nàbbaõaü, 124 dhammapãtirasaü, 205 162, 169, 230 nàbhikãrati, 25 dhammam, 115 nakkhattapathaü, 208 nàbhinandeyya, 75 191 The Dhammapada Indexes nàbhisaje, 408 niratthaü, 41 pajà, 85, 104, 254, 342, nàma, 324, 396 nirayaü, 126, 140, 306, 343, 356, 357, 358, 359 nàmaråpasmiü, 221, 367 307, 309 pajànàti, 402 nàrisu, 284 nirayamhi, 315 pajjalite, 146 nàvaü, 369 nirayàyupakaóóhati, 311 paÿca, 370 nàvajãyati, 179 niràsayaü, 410 paÿÿaÿ, 208 nàssa, 124, 389 niruttipadakovido, 352 paÿÿavantassa, 111 nikàmaseyyaü, 309 niråpadhiü, 418 paÿÿavà, 84 nikete, 91 nivattati, 390 paÿÿassa, 375 nigacchati, 69, 137 nivàpapuññho, 325 paÿÿà, 28, 38, 40, 59, 152, niggayhavàdiü, 76 nivàraye, 77, 116 229, 277, 278, 279, 280, niggahessàmi, 326 nivesaye, 158 333, 340, 372 niccaü, 23, 104, 109, 146, niveseyya, 282 paÿÿàpàsàdam, 28 225, 245, 253, 293, 296, nisammakàrino, 24 paÿÿàya, 59, 277, 278, 297, 298, 299 nisedho, 390 279, 280, 333, 340 niccam, 206 nissàya, 164 paÿÿàvudhena, 40 niccheyya, 256 nihãnakammà, 306 paÿÿàsãlasamàhitaü, 229 niññhaü, 351 nãyanti, 175 pañikkosati, 164 niddaro, 205 nu, 146 pañigaõhanti, 220 niddàyità, 325 nudati, 28 pañijaggeyya, 157 niddhantamalo, 236, 238 nekkhaü, 230 pañidaõóà, 133 niddhame, 239 nekkhammasukhaü, 272 pañipajjatha, 274 nidhàya, 142, 405 nekkhammåpasame, 181 pañipannà, 275, 276 nidhãnaü, 76 netaü, 189, 227 pañibaddhamano, 284 nindaü, 143, 309 netave, 180 pañimàsettam, 379 nindanti, 227 nettikà, 80, 145 pañilàbho, 333 nindàpasaüsàsu, 81 neresi, 134 pañivadeyyu, 133 ninditum, 230 neva, 105 pañivàtaü, 125 nindito, 228 nessatha, 179, 180 pañivàtam, 54 ninne, 98 no, 95, 179, 200, 329, 355 pañivàtameti, 54 nipakaü, 328, 329 noccàvacaü, 83 pañisanthàravuttassa, 376 nippapaÿcà, 254 nhàtakaü, 422 pañisevati, 67, 68 nippàpo, 205 paüsukåladharaü, 395 pañhamaü, 158 nibbattatã, 338 pakàsenti, 304 pañhaviü, 41, 44, 45 nibbanatho, 344 pakubbato, 52 pañhavisamo, 95 nibbanà, 283 pakkhandinà, 244 paõeti, 310 nibbànaü, 23, 134, 184, pagabbhena, 244 paõóitaü, 64, 65, 76 203, 204, 226, 285 paggayha, 268 paõóitamànã, 63 nibbànagamanaü, 289 païkà, 141 paõóità, 22, 80, 81, 82, 83 nibbànagàminã, 75 païke, 327 paõóito, 28, 63, 79, 87, 88, nibbànam, 369 pacinantaü, 47, 48 157, 158, 186, 236, 238, nibbànasantike, 372 pacessati, 44, 45 256, 258, 268, 289 nibbànasseva, 32 paccati, 69, 119, 120 paõóupalàso, 235 nibbindatã, 277, 278, 279 paccattaü, 165 patiññhità, 333 nibbutaü, 406 paccantaü, 315 patitaü, 320 nibbute, 196 pacceti, 125 patiråpe, 158 nibbuto, 414 pacchato, 348 patissatà, 144 nimmalà, 243 pacchà, 172, 314, 421 patãto, 68 niyato, 142 pajaü, 28 patto, 423 192 The Dhammapada Indexes pattosi, 134 pamohanaü, 274 paro, 160 pathavyà, 178 payirupàsati, 64, 65 palavatã, 334 padaü, 1, 21, 93, 114, 254, paraü, 184, 220 palitaü, 260 255, 368, 381 parakulesu, 73 palipathaü, 414 padà, 273 parakkame, 313 pallalaü, 91 padãpaü, 146 parakkamma, 383 pallale, 155 paduññhena, 1 parattha, 177, 306 paëeti, 49 padumaü, 58 paratthena, 166 pavaóóhati, 282, 349 padena, 179, 180 paradàraü, 310 pavaóóhanti, 335 padesaü, 303 paradàraÿ, 246 pavattàraü, 76 pana, 42, 252, 271, 292 paradàråpasevã, 309 pavaraü, 422 panuda, 383 paradukkhåpadànena, 291 pavàti, 54 pantaÿ, 185 paramaü, 184, 203, 204, paviññhassa, 373 pannabhàraü, 402 243 pavivekarasaü, 205 papaÿcasamatikkante, 195 paramadukkaraü, 163 pavissa, 127, 128 papaÿcàbhiratà, 254 paramhi, 168, 169, 242, pavuccati, 257, 258, 261, papatanti, 336 410 265, 269, 270 papupphakàni, 46 paravajjànupassissa, 253 pavedayanti, 151 pappoti, 27 parassa, 84 pasaüsanti, 30, 229, 230, pabujjhanti, 296, 297, 298, paràjito, 201 366 299, 300, 301 parikkhayaü, 139 pasaüsito, 228, 230 pabbajaÿ, 345 parikkhãõà, 93 pasannena, 2 pabbajità, 74 paricare, 107 pasanno, 368, 381 pabbajito, 184, 388 parijiõõam, 148 pasavati, 201 pabbataü, 8 pariÿÿàtabhojanà, 92 pasahati, 7 pabbataññho, 28 paritassati, 397 passa, 147 pabbatànaü, 127, 128 paridahessati, 9 passatà, 245 pabbatàni, 188 parinibbanti, 126 passati, 119, 120, 170, 190, pabbato, 304 parinibbutà, 89 259, 277, 278, 279, 423 pabbàjayam, 388 paripakko, 260 passato, 113, 114, 115 pabhaïguraü, 139, 148 paripårati, 38 passatha, 344 pabhàseti, 172, 173, 382 pariplavapasàdassa, 38 passathimaü, 171 pabhinnaü, 326 pariphandatidaü, 34 passe, 76, 170, 290 pamajjitvà, 172 paribbajanti, 346 pahatvàna, 243, 415, 416 pamattacàrino, 334 paribbaje, 415, 416 pahareyya, 389 pamattà, 21 paribbàjo, 313 pahassatha, 144 pamattànaü, 292 parimajjasi, 394 pahàõaü, 331 pamattesu, 29 parimuccati, 291 pahàtave, 34 pamatto, 19, 309, 371 pariyodapeyya, 88 pahàya, 20, 329, 346, 347 pamàdaü, 28 pariëàho, 90 pahãnamànassa, 94 pamàdam, 26, 27 parivajjaye, 123 pàceti, 135 pamàde, 31, 32 parivajjeti, 269 pàcenti, 135 pamàdena, 167 parisappanti, 342, 343 pàõam, 246 pamàdo, 21, 30, 241 parissayàni, 328 pàõàni, 270 pamuccati, 189, 192, 361 parihànàya, 32 pàõinaü, 135 pamuÿcati, 377 parihàyati, 364 pàõinà, 124, 285 pamokkhanti, 276 paråpaghàtã, 184 pàõimhi, 124 pamodati, 16 pare, 6, 257, 266 pàtito, 407 pamodanti, 22 paresaü, 19, 50, 249, 252 pàtimokkhe, 185, 375 193 The Dhammapada Indexes pàtheyyam, 235, 237 piyaggàhã, 209 påjayato, 195, 196 pàdasaüyato, 362 piyato, 212 påjaye, 106, 107 pànabhojane, 249 piyànaü, 210 påjà, 73 pàpaü, 17, 69, 71, 119, piyàpàyo, 211 påjàrahe, 195 120, 124, 125, 161, 165, piyàppiyaü, 211 påjito, 303 173, 176 piyehi, 210, 390 påtisandeho, 148 pàpakaü, 66 piyo, 77 pårati, 121, 122 pàpakammà, 127 pivaü, 205 pecca, 15, 16, 17, 18, 131, pàpakammino, 126 pihayaü, 365 132, 306 pàpakà, 242 pihayanti, 94, 181 petteyyatà, 332 pàpakàrã, 15, 17 pihetattànuyoginaü, 209 pemato, 213 pàpake, 78 pãtipàmojjaü, 374 pokkharapatte, 401 pàpako, 211 pãtibhakkhà, 200 pokkharà, 336 pàpaÿ, 117, 267, 412 puggalam, 344 poràõam, 227 pàpadhammà, 248, 307 puÿÿaü, 18, 116, 196, 331 posassa, 104, 125 pàpasmiü, 116 puÿÿaÿ, 118, 267, 412 poso, 228 pàpassa, 117, 121 puÿÿapàpapahãnassa, 39 phandanaü, 33 pàpà, 116, 307 puÿÿapekkho, 108 pharusaü, 133, 138 pàpànaü, 265, 333 puÿÿassa, 118, 122 phalam, 334 pàpàni, 119, 123, 136, 265, puÿÿàni, 220 phalàni, 164 269, 330 puttapasusammattaü, 287 phallati, 164 pàpikaü, 164 puttam, 84 phàsukà, 154 pàpikà, 310 puttà, 62, 288 phuño, 218 pàpiyo, 42, 76 puttesu, 345 phuññhà, 83 pàpuõe, 138 puthujjane, 59 phusanti, 23 pàpehi, 307 puna, 154 phusàmi, 272 pàpo, 119 punaü, 238, 348 phuseyyu, 133 pàmojjabahulo, 376, 381 punappunaü, 117, 118, pheõåpamaü, 46 pàraü, 385 153, 325, 337, 338, 342 baddho, 324 pàragato, 414 punar, 338 bandhanaü, 349 pàragavesino, 355 pupphaü, 49, 51, 52 bandhanam, 344, 345, 346 pàragàmino, 85 pupphagandho, 54 bandhavà, 288 pàragå, 348, 384 puppham, 44, 45 balaü, 109 pàram, 86 puppharàsimhà, 53 balànãkaü, 399 pàràpàraü, 385 pupphàni, 47, 48, 377 balivaddo, 152 pàvako, 71, 140 pubbaparàni, 352 balã, 280 pi, 19, 20, 43, 49, 51, 52, pubbe, 172, 423 bahavo, 307 53, 55, 63, 64, 82, 94, pubbenivàsaü, 423 bahu, 258, 259 108, 119, 120, 121, 122, purakkhatà, 342, 343 bahuü, 53, 188 142, 151, 166, 181, 220, puràõàni, 156 bahujàgaro, 29 224, 227, 230, 235, 237, purisa, 248 bahujjano, 320 259, 284, 288, 306, 338, purisaü, 219 bahunà, 166 346, 347, 366 purisàjaÿÿo, 193 bahubhàõinaü, 227 pitaraü, 294, 295 purisàdhame, 78 bahum, 19 pità, 43, 288 purisuttame, 78 bahusaïkappaü, 147 pitvà, 205 puriso, 117, 118, 143, 152 bahussutaÿ, 208 pithãyati, 173 pure, 326, 348, 421 bahå, 53 piyaü, 130, 157, 211, 217, purekkhàraÿ, 73 bàdhito, 342, 343 220 påjanà, 106, 107 bàlaü, 125 194 The Dhammapada Indexes bàlam, 71 bràhmaõo, 142, 294, 295, bhàvitattànaü, 106, 107 bàlasaïgatacàrã, 207 384, 387, 388, 389, 392, bhàvetha, 87 bàlassa, 72, 74 393 bhàsati, 1, 2, 246, 258, 259 bàlà, 26, 66, 171, 177 bråmi, 222, 385, 386, 391, bhàsamàno, 19, 20 bàlànaü, 60, 206 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, bhàsitaü, 363 bàle, 28, 61, 330 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, bhàse, 102 bàlehi, 207 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, bhikkhate, 266 bàlo, 62, 63, 64, 69, 70, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, bhikkhavo, 243, 283, 377 121, 136, 286 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, bhikkhu, 31, 32, 75, 142, bàlyaü, 63 420, 421, 422, 423 266, 272, 343, 361, 363, bàhitapàpo, 388 bråhaya, 285 364, 365, 366, 368, 369, bàhiraü, 394 bhaggà, 154 370, 371, 378, 379, 381, bàhire, 254, 255 bhajati, 303 382 bàhusaccena, 271 bhajamànassa, 76 bhikkhuü, 362 bàhetvà, 267 bhajassu, 376 bhikkhuno, 373, 375 bimbaü, 147 bhaje, 76, 78 bhikkhusu, 73 bãraõaü, 335, 337 bhajetha, 78, 208 bhikkhå, 267, 367 bujjhati, 136, 286 bhaÿji, 337 bhijjati, 148 buddhaü, 398, 419, 422 bhaõaü, 264 bhiyyo, 17, 18, 313, 349 buddhagatà, 296 bhaõe, 224 bhãtassa, 310 buddhaÿ, 190 bhattasmiü, 185 bhãtàya, 310 buddham, 179, 180 bhaddaü, 337 bhuÿjati, 324 buddhasàsane, 368, 381, bhadraü, 119, 120, 380 bhuÿjetha, 70 382 bhadràni, 120 bhuÿjeyya, 308 buddhassa, 75 bhadro, 120, 143, 144 bhutto, 308 buddhà, 184 bhantaü, 222 bhummaññhe, 28 buddhàna', 183, 185 bhamaro, 49 bhusaü, 252 buddhànam, 182, 194, 255 bhamassu, 371 bhusà, 339 buddhe, 195 bhayaü, 39, 123, 212, 213, bhåtàni, 131, 132 buddho, 387 214, 215, 216, 283 bhåtesu, 142, 405 bubbulakaü, 170 bhayatajjità, 188 bhåmiü, 98 byàsattamanasaü, 47, 48, bhayadassino, 317 bhåri, 282 287 bhayadassivà, 31, 32 bhårisaïkhayo, 282 brahmacariyaü, 155, 156, bhaye, 317 bhedanaü, 138 312 bhava, 236, 238 bhedà, 140 brahmacariyavà, 267 bhavati, 249, 375 bho, 248 brahmacàrã, 142 bhavanti, 95, 306, 341 bhogataõhàya, 355 brahmaÿÿatà, 332 bhavasallàni, 351 bhogà, 355 brahmunà, 105, 230 bhavassa, 348 bhogànaü, 139 bràhmaõa, 383 bhavàtha, 144 bhojanaü, 70 bràhmaõaü, 385, 386, bhavàya, 282 bhojanamhi, 7, 8 391, 395, 396, 397, 398, bhavissati, 228, 264 bhovàdã, 396 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, bhavissàma, 200 -m-, 247, 390 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, bhasmacchanno, 71 maü, 3, 4, 121, 122 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, bhàgavà, 19, 20 maüsalohitalepanaü, 150 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, bhàyanti, 129 maüsàni, 152 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 bhàvanam, 73 makkañako, 347 bràhmaõassa, 389 bhàvanàya, 301 makkho, 150, 407 bràhmaõassetad, 390 bhàvayatã, 350 maggaü, 57, 123, 191, 195 The Dhammapada Indexes 280, 281, 289 manomayà, 1, 2 màlàguõe, 53 maggànaññhaïgiko, 273 manoramaü, 58 màluvà, 162, 334 maggàmaggassa, 403 manoseññhà, 1, 2 màvoca, 133 maggo, 274, 275, 277, 278, mantabhàõã, 363 màse, 70, 106 279 mantà, 241 micchàdiññhiü, 167 maghavà, 30 mando, 325 micchàdiññhisamàdànà, maïku, 249 mamàyitaü, 367 316, 317, 318 maccaü, 141 mameva, 74 micchàpaõihitaü, 42 maccu, 47, 128, 135, 150, mayam, 6 micchàsaïkappagocarà, 11 287 mayà, 275 mitabhàõinam, 227 maccudheyyaü, 86 maraõantaü, 148 mitte, 78, 376 maccuno, 21, 129 marãcikaü, 170 middhã, 325 maccuràjassa, 46 marãcidhammaü, 46 mãyanti, 21 maccuràjà, 170 malaü, 240, 241, 242, 243, mukhasaüyato, 363 maccena, 53 388 muccati, 71 maccharã, 262 malataraü, 243 mucceyya, 127 macchàna, 182 malam, 239 muÿca, 348, 389 maccheraü, 242 malà, 242, 243 muÿcati, 389 majjhe, 348, 421 malitthiyà, 242 muÿcetha, 389 maÿÿati, 63, 69 mahagghaso, 325 muõóakena, 264 maÿÿantu, 74 mahaddhano, 123 mutto, 172, 173, 344, 382 maõiü, 161 mahapphalaü, 312, 356, muddham, 72 maõikuõóalesu, 345 357, 358, 359 munayo, 225 matà, 21 mahànàgà, 322 munàti, 269 mattaÿÿuü, 8 mahàpaÿÿo, 352 muni, 269, 423 mattaÿÿutà, 185 mahàpathe, 58 munã, 49, 268, 269 mattàsukhaü, 290 mahàpuriso, 352 musàvàdaÿ, 246 mattàsukhapariccàgà, 290 mahàvaràho, 325 musàvàdissa, 176 mattisambhavaü, 396 mahesiü, 422 muhuttam, 65, 106, 107 matteyyatà, 332 mahogho, 47, 287 målaü, 247, 337, 340 matthi, 62 mà, 27, 210, 248, 283, 315, målaghaccaü, 250, 263 maddavàni, 377 337, 371 måle, 338 madhuraü, 363 màtaïgaraÿÿe, 329, 330 måëharåpo, 268 madhuvà, 69 màtaraü, 294, 295 me, 3, 4, 17, 18 manaü, 96 màtari, 284 mettàvihàrã, 368 manasà, 1, 2, 218, 233, màtà, 43 medhagà, 6 234, 281, 361, 391 mànaü, 221 medhàviü, 76, 229, 403 manaso, 390 mànusakaü, 417 medhàvã, 25, 26, 33, 36, manàpassavanà, 339 mànuse, 103 239, 257, 263 manujassa, 334 màno, 74, 150, 407 mokkhanti, 37 manujà, 306 màpàdi, 272 moghajiõõo, 260 manussapañilàbho, 182 màppamaÿÿetha, 121, 122 modati, 16 manussà, 188 màraü, 40, 175 monena, 268 manussesu, 85, 197, 198, màradheyyaü, 34 mohaü, 20 199, 321 màrabandhanaü, 350 mohadosà, 358 mano, 116, 300, 301 màrabandhanà, 37, 276 moham, 414 manoduccaritaü, 233 màrassa, 46 mohasamaü, 251 manopakopaü, 233 màrassetaü, 274 yaü, 25, 66, 67, 68, 76, manopubbaïgamà, 1, 2 màro, 7, 8, 57, 105, 337 100, 101, 102, 108, 163, 196 The Dhammapada Indexes 292, 303, 312, 314, 335 yàmaü, 157 rakkhato, 241 yajetha, 106, 108 yàya, 408 rakkhe, 40 yaÿ, 106, 107, 229, 308 yàya', 56 rakkhetha, 36 yato, 374, 390 yàva, 69, 119, 120, 284, rakkheyya, 157, 231, 232, yattha, 87, 99, 150, 171, 333 233 193, 225 yàvajãvam, 64 rajaü, 313 yatthakàmaü, 326 yàvatà, 258, 259, 266 rajatasseva, 239 yatthakàmanipàtinaü, 36 yàvad, 72 rajo, 125 yatthakàmanipàtino, 35 yàvantettha, 337 raññhaü, 84, 294, 329 yatthaññhitaü, 128 yiññhaü, 108 raññhapiõóaü, 308 yatthaññhito, 127 yuÿjati, 382 ratà, 22, 89, 181 yattharahanto, 98 yuÿjam, 209 rati, 149, 418 yathaÿÿam, 159 yuvà, 280 ratiü, 187, 354 yathattanà, 323 ye, 3, 4, 6, 21, 37, 85, 86, ratiÿ, 418 yathà, 13, 14, 21, 58, 64, 89, 92, 181, 225, 347 ratiyà, 214 65, 81, 82, 94, 134, 135, yena, 270 ratã, 310, 373 144, 162, 170, 200, 252, yenatthaü, 256 rato, 300, 301, 350 282, 304, 311, 315 yenassa, 260 ratti, 60 yathàpasàdanaü, 249 yenicchakaü, 326 rattiü, 249, 250, 304, 387 yathà, 49, 51, 52, 53, 338 yeva, 48, 106, 107 ratto, 296, 297, 298, 299, yathàbhåtaü, 203 yesa', 92, 293 300, 301 yathàsaddhaü, 249 yesaü, 89, 92, 200, 211, rathaü, 222 yathàsukhaü, 326 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, randhayuü, 248 yad, 345 301 ramaõãyàni, 99 yadà, 28, 69, 119, 120, yesaÿ, 293 ramati, 79 277, 278, 279, 325, 384, yo, 9, 10, 56, 63, 97, 102, ramatã, 99, 116 390 103, 106, 107, 110, 111, ramanti, 91 yadi, 98, 195 112, 113, 114, 115, 125, ramito, 305 yantaü, 42 131, 132, 137, 143, 164, ramissanti, 99 yanti, 126, 175, 188, 225 172, 190, 222, 246, 247, rasam, 49 yamapurisà, 235 249, 256, 259, 265, 268, rasmiggàho, 222 yamalokaÿ, 44, 45 269, 306, 336, 344, 350, rassaü, 409 yamassa, 237 363, 368, 382, 397, 399, rahado, 82, 95 yamàmase, 6 401, 402, 405, 414, 419, ràgaÿ, 20, 369, 377 yamhà, 392 423 ràgadosà, 356 yasobhivaóóhati, 24 yogaü, 417 ràganissità, 339 yasobhogasamappito, 303 yogakkhemaü, 23 ràgarattànupatanti, 347 yassa, 67, 68, 93, 147, 162, yogasmiÿ, 209 ràgasamo, 202, 251 173, 179, 180, 250, 263, yogà, 282 ràgo, 13, 14, 407 339, 367, 385, 389, 391, yojanaü, 60 ràjato, 139 407, 410, 420, 421 yotivàkyaü, 321 ràjarathà, 151 yassàlayà, 411 yodha, 267, 409, 412, 415, ràjarathåpamaü, 171 yassàsavà, 93 416 ràjà, 310, 329 yassindriyàni, 94 yodhetha, 40 ràjàno, 294, 295 yà, 104, 331, 345 yonijaü, 396 ràjàbhiråhati, 321 yàcito, 224 yoniso, 326 ràjo, 141 yàti, 29, 179, 294, 295 yobbane, 155, 156 ràmaõeyyakaü, 98 yànimàni, 149 -r-, 401, 407 rukkhaü, 7, 283 yànehi, 323 rakkhati, 26 rukkho, 338 197 The Dhammapada Indexes ruciraü, 51, 52 vacãpakopaü, 232 vayo, 260 råpaü, 148 vaccho, 284 varaü, 178, 322 råhati, 338 vajanti, 177, 347 varattaÿ, 398 roganãëaü, 148 vajiraü, 161 varam, 268, 322 rogà, 203 vajjaÿ, 319 vasaü, 48 rodaü, 67 vajjato, 319 vasissàmi, 286 lajjanti, 316 vajjadassinaü, 76 vasmamayaü, 161 lajjare, 316 vajjam, 252 vassaü, 286 lajjitàye, 316 vajjamatino, 318 vassasataü, 106, 107, 110, lataü, 340 vajjàni, 252 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 latà, 340 vajje, 318 vassikà, 377 lapayanti, 83 vaóóhati, 74, 152, 334 vassikã, 55 labhati, 160 vaóóhanti, 109, 152, 253, vahato, 1 labhatã, 374 292 vahanti, 339 labhate, 131, 132 vaõo, 124 và, 1, 2, 20, 42, 43, 54, 55, labhetha, 328, 329 vaõõagandhaü, 49 63, 83, 98, 139, 141, 178, lahuno, 35 vaõõapokkharatàya, 262 228, 249, 250, 262, 271, lahum, 369 vaõõavantaü, 51, 52 385, 409 làbhà, 204 vaõõassa, 241 vàkkaraõamattena, 262 làbhåpanisà, 75 vaõõo, 109 vàcà, 51, 52, 96, 100 lippati, 401 vata, 159, 197, 198, 199, vàcànurakkhã, 281 lokaü, 170, 171, 172, 173, 200 vàcàya, 232, 234, 361, 382 vataü, 312 362, 391 lokamhà, 175 vatayaü, 41 vàõijo, 123, 380 lokavaóóhano, 167 vatavantaü, 400 vàti, 56 lokasmi, 143 vatavantam, 208 vàtena, 81 lokasmiü, 247 vatthaü, 9 vàto, 7, 8 lokà, 220 vadanti, 184 vànaro, 334 loke, 89, 108, 168, 169, vadàmi, 337 vàpi, 138, 306 179, 227, 242, 246, 267, vaddhàpacàyino, 109 vàyama, 236, 238 269, 332, 335, 336, 409, vadhabandhaÿ, 399 vàraÿÿe, 98 410 vanaü, 283 vàri, 401 loko, 174 vanaÿ, 283 vàrijo, 34 lobho, 248 vanato, 283 vàso, 237 lohaguëaü, 371 vanathaÿ, 283 vàssa, 140 va, 1, 2, 7, 8, 19, 26, 28, vanatho, 284 vàhà, 339 29, 33, 34, 41, 47, 50, 71, vanante, 305 vigaticchesu, 359 76, 91, 92, 93, 95, 108, vanam, 344 vicinteti, 286 123, 125, 136, 138, 139, vanamutto, 344 vicessati, 44, 45 152, 155, 156, 160, 161, vanasmi, 334 vijànataü, 171, 374 165, 172, 173, 174, 195, vanasmiü, 395 vijànanti, 6 207, 208, 222, 235, 240, vanàdhimutto, 344 vijànàti, 64, 65 252, 254, 255, 268, 274, vanàni, 188 vijàneyya, 392 284, 285, 287, 304, 320, vane, 107 vijitaü, 329 325, 327, 329, 330, 334, vantakasàvassa, 10 vijitàvinaü, 422 335, 336, 337, 342, 343, vantadoso, 263 vijjati, 90, 134, 143, 186, 347, 355, 380, 382, 392, vantamalo, 261 228, 235, 237, 385 393, 398, 401, 409, 413 vantalokàmiso, 378 vijjatã, 127, 128 vacãduccaritaü, 232 vantàso, 97 vijjanti, 211, 410, 411 198 The Dhammapada Indexes viÿÿàpaniü, 408 visujjhati, 165 vyantikàhiti, 350 viÿÿàya, 186 visuddhiyà, 274, 277, 278, sa, 10, 20, 24, 37, 52, 63, viÿÿå, 65, 229 279 84, 97, 103, 104, 142, vitakkapamathitassa, 349 visesato, 22 250, 259, 261, 263, 267, vitakkupasame, 350 visokassa, 90 269, 352, 367, 372, 396 vitiõõaparalokassa, 176 visodhaye, 165, 281, 289 saüyatuttamo, 362 viditvà, 40, 46 vissaü, 266 saüyamayattànaü, 380 vinodaye, 343 vissàsa, 272 saüyamena, 25 vindati, 57, 280 vissàsaparamà, 204 saüyamo, 261 vipassati, 174 vihaÿÿati, 15, 62 saüyogà, 384 vipassato, 373 viharantaü, 7, 8 saüyojanaü, 31, 221 vipàkaü, 67, 68 viharanti, 98 saüyojanasaïgasattakà, vipàtayaü, 72 viharàma, 197, 198, 199 342 vipulàü, 27, 290 vihàhisi, 379 saüvaccharaü, 108 vippajaheyya, 221 vihiüsati, 131 saüvaro, 185, 360, 361, vippamuÿcetha, 377 viheñhayanto, 184 375 vippamuttassa, 90, 212, vãtataõho, 351, 352 saüvase, 167 213, 214, 215, 216 vãtadosesu, 357 saüvàso, 207 vippasannam, 413 vãtaddaraü, 385 saüvutaü, 391 vippasannena, 79 vãtamohesu, 358 saüvutà, 225, 234 vippasanno, 82 vãtaràgà, 99 saüvuto, 231, 232, 233, vippasãdanti, 82 vãtaràgesu, 356 361 vippahàya, 87 vãraü, 418, 422 saüvegino, 144 vibhavàya, 282 vãriyena, 144 saüsannasaïkappamano, vimalaü, 413 vuccati, 63, 218, 260, 263, 280 vimuttamànaso, 348 267, 352, 367, 370, 378, saüsàraü, 414 vimutto, 353 388 saüsàrà, 95 vimokkho, 92, 93 vuññhã, 13, 14 saüsàro, 60 viya, 326, 334, 377 vuttà, 133 sakakammàni, 240 virajaü, 412 ve, 7, 8, 10, 63, 83, 97, sakiÿcano, 396 virajam, 386 103, 151, 163, 177, 188, sakuntànaü, 92, 93 viràgam, 343 222, 234, 242, 249, 250, sakunto, 174 viràgo, 273 259, 261, 275, 282, 341, sakkaccaü, 392 viriyam, 112 352, 355, 366, 367, 372, sakkà, 196 virujjhati, 95 397 sakkàraü, 75 viruddhesu, 406 vedanaü, 138 sagandhakaü, 52 vilomàni, 50 vedi, 419 saggaü, 126 vivaraü, 127, 128 vedã, 423 saggassa, 178 viviccasayanena, 271 veyyagghapaÿcamaü, 295 saggàpàyaÿ, 423 vivekam, 75 veraü, 3, 4, 201 saggàya, 174 viveke, 87 verasaüsaggasaüsaññho, saïkappà, 339 visaü, 123, 124 291 saïkappo, 74 visaüyuttaü, 385, 397, verà, 291 saïkassaraü, 312 402, 410 veràni, 5 saïkàradhànasmiü, 58 visaïkhàragataü, 154 verinaü, 42 saïkàrabhåtesu, 59 visaïkhitaü, 154 verinesu, 197 saïkiliññhaÿ, 312 visattikà, 180, 335 verã, 42 saïkiliññhena, 244 visam, 124 verena, 5 saïkilissati, 165 visãdanti, 171 vo, 315, 337 saïkhàtadhammànaü, 70 199 The Dhammapada Indexes saïkhàtuü, 196 sadevakaü, 44, 45 sabbadhi, 90 saïkhàya, 267 saddhaü, 8 sabbadhã, 340 saïkhàraparamà, 203 saddhammaü, 38, 60 sabbapàõànaü, 270 saïkhàrà, 255, 277, 278 saddhammadesanà, 194 sabbapàpassa, 183 saïkhàrànaü, 383 saddhammasavanaü, 182 sabbam, 108, 221, 387 saïkhàråpasamaü, 368, saddhammà, 364 sabbayogavisaüyuttaü, 381 saddhà, 333 417 saïgaü, 412 saddhàya, 144 sabbalokàdhipaccena, 178 saïgàtigaü, 397 saddhiücaraü, 328, 329 sabbalokàbhibhuü, 418 saïgàtigo, 370 saddho, 303 sabbavidåham, 353 saïgàmajuttamo, 103 sanantano, 5 sabbavositavosànaü, 423 saïgàme, 103, 320 santaü, 96, 368, 381 sabbasaüyojanaü, 397 saïgo, 171 santakàyo, 378 sabbaso, 265, 367, 419 saïghagatà, 298 santacittassa, 373 sabbassa, 331 saïghaÿ, 190 santarabàhiraü, 315 sabbà, 54, 154 saïghassa, 194 santavà, 378 sabbàni, 328 sacittapariyodapanaü, santavàco, 378 sabbàbhibhå, 353 183 santassa, 60 sabbe, 129, 130, 277, 278, sacittam, 327 santà, 96 279, 384 sace, 134, 328 santi, 288 sabbesaü, 130 saccaü, 224, 408 santike, 32, 224, 237 sabbesu, 142, 353 saccaÿ, 261, 393 santiparaü, 202 sabbhi, 151 saccavedinaü, 217 santimaggam, 285 samaü, 106, 142 saccànaü, 273 santuññhiparamaü, 204 samaggànaü, 194 saccena, 223 santuññhã, 375 samacariyà, 388 sajju, 71 santusito, 362 samaõo, 142, 184, 254, saÿÿatacàrino, 104 santo, 83, 142, 151, 304 255, 264, 265, 388 saÿÿatassa, 24 sandàmaü, 398 samativijjhati, 13, 14 saÿÿam, 37 sandhàvissaü, 153 samathaü, 94 sañhilo, 313 sandhicchedo, 97 samappità, 315 sañho, 252, 262 sannaddho, 387 samà, 306 sataü, 77, 106 sannicayo, 92 samàgaÿchã, 210 sataÿ, 54, 151 sannipàtaü, 352 samàgatà, 337 satànaü, 293 sannivàso, 206 samàgamo, 207 sati, 146, 293, 296, 297, sanno, 327 samàdàya, 266 298, 299 sappurisaü, 208 samàdhiü, 249, 250, 365 satimà, 379 sappurisà, 83 samàdhinà, 144 satãmataü, 181 sappuriso, 54 samàdhilàbhena, 271 satãmato, 24 saphalà, 52 samàhito, 362 satãmanto, 91 sabbaü, 354 samiÿjanti, 81 satãmà, 328 sabbaganthappahãnassa, 90 samitattà, 265 sato, 350 sabbaÿjaho, 353 samitiü, 321 sattà, 316, 317, 318, 319 sabbattha, 83, 193, 348, samiddhim, 84 sattànaü, 419 361 samãrati, 81 sadatthapasuto, 166 sabbadà, 207 samucchinnaü, 250, 263 sadà, 30, 79, 206, 226, 296, sabbadànaü, 354 samuññhitaü, 240 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, sabbadukkhaü, 347, 354 samuddamajjhe, 127, 128 350 sabbadukkhà, 189, 192, samussayo, 351 sadisam, 61 361 samussitaü, 147 200 The Dhammapada Indexes samåhataü, 250, 263 sahassaü, 103 206, 218, 231, 232, 233, sameti, 265 sahassam, 100, 101 302, 305, 376 samena, 257 sahassena, 103, 106 siro, 260 sampajànànaü, 293 sahàyaü, 328, 329 sãghasso, 29 sampannavijjàcaraõà, 144 sahàyatà, 61, 330 sãtibhåtaü, 418 sampannasãlànaü, 57 sahàyà, 331 sãlaü, 333 sampanno, 303 sahitaü, 19, 20 sãlagandho, 55 sampayàtosi, 237 sà, 106, 107 sãladassanasampannaü, samparivattasàyã, 325 sàtaccakàrino, 293 217 sampassaü, 290 sàtatikà, 23 sãlabbatamattena, 271 sambuddhànaü, 181 sàtasità, 341 sãlavataü, 56 sambodhi, 89 sàdànesu, 406 sãlavantaü, 400 sammati, 3, 390 sàdhu, 35, 67, 68, 163, sãlavantassa, 110 sammad, 57, 86, 96 360, 361 sãlavà, 84 sammanti, 5, 6 sàdhuÿ, 163 sãlasaüvuto, 289 sammantãdha, 5 sàdhunà, 223 sãlena, 144, 303 sammappajàno, 20 sàdhuråpo, 262, 263 sãlesu, 10 sammappaÿÿàya, 190 sàdhuvihàridhãraü, 328, sukataü, 314 sammasati, 374 329 sukaràni, 163 sammà, 89, 373 sànucaraü, 294 sukkaü, 87 sammàdiññhisamàdànà, sàmaggã, 194 sukkaüsaü, 72 319 sàmaÿÿaü, 311 sukhaü, 27, 79, 109, 131, sammàpaõihitaü, 43 sàmaÿÿatà, 332 132, 168, 169, 201, 202, sammàsaïkappagocarà, 12 sàmaÿÿassa, 19, 20 203, 204, 290, 331, 333, sammàsambuddhadesitaü, sàraü, 11, 12 368, 379, 381 392 sàraÿ, 12 sukhakàmàni, 131, 132 sammàsambuddhasàvako, sàrato, 12 sukham, 2, 131, 132, 193, 59, 187 sàrattarattà, 345 291 sayaü, 353 sàrathiü, 222 sukhasaüvàso, 207 sayaükataü, 347 sàrathinà, 94 sukhà, 194, 331, 332, 333 sayanàsanaü, 185 sàradikaü, 285 sukhàvahaü, 35, 36 saraü, 320 sàrade, 149 sukhã, 177, 206 saraõaü, 188, 189, 190, sàramatino, 11 sukhumo, 125 192 sàrambhakathà, 133 sukhena, 83 saraõam, 189, 192 sàrambho, 134 sukhesino, 341 sarà, 304 sàre, 11 sukho, 118, 194, 206, 333 saritàni, 341 sàlamivotataü, 162 sugataü, 419 sarãram, 151 sàvake, 195 sugatino, 126 sarãrassa, 138 sàvako, 75 sugatena, 285 salàbhaü, 365, 366 sàsanaü, 164, 183, 185 suggatiü, 18, 319 sallasanthanaü, 275 sàsapo, 401, 407 sucaritaü, 168, 169, 231, savanti, 340 sàhu, 206 232, 233 savàhanaü, 175 siÿca, 369 sucikammassa, 24 saso, 342, 343 sittà, 369 sucigandhaü, 58 sassatà, 255 sithilaü, 312, 346 sucigavesinà, 245 saha, 105 sineham, 285 sucittà, 151 sahatã, 335, 336 sinehitàni, 341 sucã, 393 sahanukkamaü, 398 sindhavà, 322 succhannaü, 14 sahasà, 256 siyà, 40, 84, 160, 166, 167, sujãvaü, 244 201 The Dhammapada Indexes suÿÿato, 92, 93 seññho, 273, 321 have, 104, 151, 177, 382 suÿÿàgàraü, 373 seti, 79, 168, 169, 201 hàpaye, 166 suttaü, 47, 287 senti, 156 hàso, 146 suttesu, 29 seyyaü, 61 hi, 5, 27, 62, 71, 75, 77, sutvà, 100, 101, 102 seyyo, 76, 100, 101, 102, 80, 116, 133, 145, 148, sutvàna, 82, 259 104, 106, 107, 108, 110, 159, 160, 184, 207, 208, sudantà, 94 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 211, 252, 265, 274, 275, sudantena, 160, 323 308, 314, 330, 390 292, 313, 315, 320, 323, sudanto, 159 selaü, 8 356, 357, 358, 359, 372, sudassaü, 252 selo, 81 380 suduttaraü, 86 sevanti, 293 hiüsati, 132, 270 sududdasaü, 36 seve, 310 hiüsamano, 390 sudesitaü, 44, 45 seveyya, 167 hitaÿ, 163 suddhaü, 412, 413 sehi, 136 hitvà, 29, 88, 91, 201, 209, suddhassa, 125 so, 9, 15, 16, 63, 64, 70, 231, 232, 233, 417, 418 suddhàjãviü, 366 77, 127, 128, 131, 132, himavanto, 304 suddhàjãve, 376 140, 142, 162, 172, 173, hirãnisedho, 143 suddhàjãvena, 245 177, 187, 193, 236, 238, hirãmatà, 245 suddhã, 165 249, 252, 253, 260, 266, hãnaü, 167 sunipuõaü, 36 269, 284, 291, 334, 379, hãnavãriyaü, 7 suparisaüvutà, 234 382, 393, 396 hãnavãriyo, 112 suppabuddhaü, 296, 297, sokà, 335, 336 hutaü, 106, 107, 108 298, 299, 300, 301 sokiniü, 28 huraü, 20 subbatà, 145 soko, 212, 213, 214, 215, huràhuraü, 334 subbato, 95 216 hetu, 84 subhànupassiü, 7 socati, 15, 207, 367 hemantagimhisu, 286 subhànupassino, 349 socanti, 315 heva, 47, 48 subhàvitaü, 14, 89 socare, 225 hoti, 19, 20, 51, 52, 66, 76, subhàsità, 51, 52 sotaü, 347, 383 77, 95, 177, 184, 187, subhàsubhaü, 409 sotà, 339, 340 205, 256, 258, 259, 260, sumano, 68 sotàpattiphalaü, 178 262, 266, 268, 270, 312, sumarati, 324 sotena, 360 325, 356, 357, 358, 359, sumedhaü, 208 soto, 337 373, 384, 393, 396 sumedhaso, 29 sotthim, 219 hotha, 243, 283, 327 surakkhitaü, 157 sotthiye, 295 suràmerayapànaÿ, 247 sodhenti, 141 suvimuttacitto, 20 somanassàni, 341 suve, 229 soëasiü, 70 susaüvutaü, 8 haüsà, 91 susaüvuto, 281 haüsàdiccapathe, 175 susamàraddhà, 293 hatàvakàso, 97 susamàhito, 10, 378 hattham, 311 susukhaü, 197, 198, 199, hatthim, 326 200 hananti, 355 suhajjà, 219 haneyya, 129, 130 såparasaü, 64, 65 hantàraü, 389 sekho, 45 hanti, 72, 355, 405 seññhaü, 26 hantvà, 294, 295 seññhataü, 30 hareyya, 124 202 The New Dhammapada Indexes Dhammapada First Line Index akakkasaü viÿÿàpaniü giraü saccaü udãraye, 408. akataü dukkataü seyyo, pacchà tapati dukkataü, 314. ßakkocchi maü avadhi maü ajini maü ahàsi meû, 3. ßakkocchi maü avadhi maü ajini maü ahàsi meû, 4. akkodhanaü vatavantaü, sãlavantaü anussutaü, 400. akkodhena jine kodhaü, asàdhuü sàdhunà jine, 223. akkosaü vadhabandhaÿ-ca, aduññho yo titikkhati, 399. acaritvà brahmacariyaü aladdhà yobbane dhanaü 155. acaritvà brahmacariyaü aladdhà yobbane dhanaü 156. aciraü vatayaü kàyo pañhaviü adhisessati, 41. aÿÿà hi làbhåpanisà, aÿÿà nibbànagàminã, 75. aññhãnaü nagaraü kataü 150. attadatthaü paratthena bahunà pi na hàpaye, 166. attanà codayattànaü, pañimàsettam-attanà, 379. attanà va kataü pàpaü attajaü attasambhavaü, 161. attanà va kataü pàpaü, attanà saïkilissati, 165. attà have jitaü seyyo yà càyaü itarà pajà 104. attà hi attano nàtho ko hi nàtho paro siyà? 160. attà hi attano nàtho, attà hi attano gati, 380. attànaÿ-ce tathà kayirà yathaÿÿam-anusàsati, 159. attànaÿ-ce piyaü jaÿÿà rakkheyya naü surakkhitaü 157. attànam-eva pañhamaü patiråpe nivesaye, 158. atthamhi jàtamhi sukhà sahàyà 331. atha pàpàni kammàni karaü bàlo na bujjhati, 136. atha vàssa agàràni, aggi óahati pàvako. 140. anavaññhitacittassa saddhammaü avijànato, 38. anavassutacittassa ananvàhatacetaso, 39. anikkasàvo kàsàvaü yo vatthaü paridahessati, 9. anupavàdo anupaghàto, pàtimokkhe ca saüvaro, 185. anupubbena medhàvã thokathokaü khaõe khaõe, 239. anekajàtisaüsàraü sandhàvissaü anibbisaü 153. andhabhåto ayaü loko, tanukettha vipassati, 174. api dibbesu kàmesu ratiü so nàdhigacchati. 187. apuÿÿalàbho ca gatã ca pàpikà, 310. appakà te manussesu ye janà pàragàmino, 85. appamatto ayaü gandho yàyaü tagaracandanã, 56. appamatto pamattesu, suttesu bahujàgaro, 29. appamàdaratà hotha sacittam-anurakkhatha, 327. appamàdarato bhikkhu, pamàde bhayadassivà, 31. appamàdarato bhikkhu, pamàde bhayadassivà, 32. appamàdena maghavà devànaü seññhataü gato, 30. appamàdo amatapadaü, pamàdo maccuno padaü, 21. appam-pi ce sahitaü bhàsamàno, 20. appalàbho pi ce bhikkhu salàbhaü nàtimaÿÿati, 366. appassutàyaü puriso balivaddo va jãrati, 152. abhaye bhayadassino, bhaye càbhayadassino, 317. abhittharetha kalyàõe, pàpà cittaü nivàraye, 116. The New Dhammapada Indexes abhivàdanasãlissa niccaü vaddhàpacàyino, 109. abhåtavàdã nirayaü upeti, 306. ayasà va malaü samuññhitaü, 240. ayoge yuÿjam-attànaü, yogasmiÿ-ca ayojayaü, 209. alaïkato ce pi samaü careyya, 142. alajjitàye lajjanti, lajjitàye na lajjare, 316. avajje vajjamatino, vajje càvajjadassino, 318. aviruddhaü viruddhesu, attadaõóesu nibbutaü, 406. asaüsaññhaü gahaññhehi, anàgàrehi cåbhayaü, 404. asajjhàyamalà mantà, anuññhànamalà gharà, 241. asataü bhàvanam-iccheyya, purekkhàraÿ-ca bhikkhusu, 73. asàre sàramatino sàre càsàradassino, 11. asàhasena dhammena samena nayatã pare, 257. asubhànupassiü viharantaü indriyesu susaüvutaü, 8. assaddho akataÿÿå ca sandhicchedo ca yo naro, 97. asso yathà bhadro kasàniviññho 144. ahaü nàgo va saïgàme càpàto patitaü saraü 320. ahiüsakà ye munayo, niccaü kàyena saüvutà, 225. àkàse va padaü natthi, samaõo natthi bàhire, 254. àkàse va padaü natthi, samaõo natthi bàhire, 255. àrogyaparamà làbhà, santuññhiparamaü dhanaü, 204. àsà yassa na vijjanti asmiü loke paramhi ca, 410. idaü pure cittam-acàri càrikaü 326. idha tappati pecca tappati, 17. idha nandati pecca nandati, 18. idha modati pecca modati, 16. ßidha vassaü vasissàmi, idha hemantagimhisuû, 286. idha socati pecca socati, 15. ucchinda sineham-attano, 285. uññhànakàlamhi anuññhahàno, 280. uññhànavato satãmato, 24. uññhànenappamàdena saüyamena damena ca, 25. uttiññhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaü sucaritaü care, 168. udakaü hi nayanti nettikà, 80. udakaü hi nayanti nettikà, 145. upanãtavayo ca dànisi, 237. uyyuÿjanti satãmanto, na nikete ramanti te, 91. usabhaü pavaraü vãraü, mahesiü vijitàvinaü, 422. te tàdise påjayato, nibbute akutobhaye, 196. ekaü dhammaü atãtassa musàvàdissa jantuno 176. ekassa caritaü seyyo natthi bàle sahàyatà, 330. ekàsanaü ekaseyyaü eko caram-atandito 305. etaü kho saraõaü khemaü, etaü saraõam-uttamaü, 192. etaü daëhaü bandhanam-àhu dhãrà, 346. etaü visesato ÿatvà appamàdamhi paõóità, 22. etaü hi tumhe pañipannà dukkhassantaü karissatha, 275. etam-atthavasaü ÿatvà, paõóito sãlasaüvuto, 289. etha passathimaü lokaü cittaü ràjarathåpamaü 171. evaü bho purisa jànàhi pàpadhammà asaÿÿatà. 248. 204 The New Dhammapada Indexes evaü saïkàrabhåtesu andhabhåte puthujjane, 59. eso va maggo natthaÿÿo dassanassa visuddhiyà, 274. ovadeyyànusàseyya, asabbhà ca nivàraye, 77. kaõhaü dhammaü vippahàya sukkaü bhàvetha paõóito, 87. kayiraÿ-ce kayiràthenaü daëham-enaü parakkame, 313. kàmato jàyatã soko, kàmato jàyatã bhayaü, 215. kàyappakopaü rakkheyya, kàyena saüvuto siyà, 231. kàyena saüvaro sàdhu, sàdhu vàcàya saüvaro, 361. kàyena saüvutà dhãrà, atho vàcàya saüvutà, 234. kàsàvakaõñhà bahavo pàpadhammà asaÿÿatà, 307. kiü te jañàhi dummedha kiü te ajinasàñiyà, 394. kiccho manussapañilàbho, kicchaü macchàna' jãvitaü, 182. kumbhåpamaü kàyam-imaü viditvà, 40. kuso yathà duggahito hattham-evànukantati, 311. ko nu hàso kim-ànando niccaü pajjalite sati? 146. kodhaü jahe vippajaheyya mànaü 221. kÖ imaü pañhaviü vicessati 44. khantã paramaü tapo titikkhà, 184. gataddhino visokassa vippamuttassa sabbadhi, 90. gabbham-ekepapajjanti nirayaü pàpakammino, 126. gambhãrapaÿÿaü medhàviü, maggàmaggassa kovidaü, 403. gahakàraka diññhosi! puna gehaü na kàhasi: 154. gàme và yadi vàraÿÿe, ninne và yadi và thale, 98. cakkhunà saüvaro sàdhu, sàdhu sotena saüvaro, 360. cattàri ñhànàni naro pamatto 309. candaü va vimalaü suddhaü, vippasannam-anàvilaü 413. candanaü tagaraü và pi, uppalaü atha vassikã, 55. caraÿ-ce nàdhigaccheyya seyyaü sadisam-attano, 61. caranti bàlà dummedhà amitteneva attanà, 66. cirappavàsiü purisaü dårato sotthim-àgataü, 219. cutiü yo vedi sattànaü upapattiÿ-ca sabbaso, 419. chandajàto anakkhàte, manasà ca phuño siyà, 218. chinda sotaü parakkamma, kàme panuda bràhmaõa, 383. chetvà naddhiü varattaÿ-ca, sandàmaü sahanukkamaü, 398. jayaü veraü pasavati dukkhaü seti paràjito, 201. jighacchàparamà rogà, saïkhàraparamà dukhà, 203. jãranti ve ràjarathà sucittà, 151. jhàya bhikkhu mà ca pàmado, 371. jhàyiü virajam-àsãnaü katakiccaü anàsavaü 386. taü puttapasusammattaü byàsattamanasaü naraü, 287. taü vo vadàmi bhaddaü vo, yàvantettha samàgatà, 337. taÿ-ca kammaü kataü sàdhu yaü katvà nànutappati, 68. taõhàya jàyatã soko, taõhàya jàyatã bhayaü, 216. tato malà malataraü, avijjà paramaü malaü, 243. tatràbhiratim-iccheyya hitvà kàme akiÿcano, 88. tatràyam-àdi bhavati idha paÿÿassa bhikkhuno: 375. tatheva katapuÿÿam-pi asmà lokà paraü gataü, 220. tasiõàya purakkhatà pajà 342. tasiõàya purakkhatà pajà 343. 205 The New Dhammapada Indexes tasmà piyaü na kayiràtha, piyàpàyo hi pàpako, 211. tiõadosàni khettàni, icchàdosà ayaü pajà, 359. tiõadosàni khettàni, dosadosà ayaü pajà, 357. tiõadosàni khettàni, mohadosà ayaü pajà, 358. tiõadosàni khettàni, ràgadosà ayaü pajà, 356. tumhehi kiccaü àtappaü akkhàtàro tathàgatà, 276. te jhàyino sàtatikà, niccaü daëhaparakkamà, 23. tesaü sampannasãlànaü appamàdavihàrinaü 57. dadàti ve yathàsaddhaü yathàpasàdanaü jano, 249. dantaü nayanti samitiü dantaü ràjàbhiråhati, 321. divà tapati àdicco, rattiü àbhàti candimà, 387. diso disaü yantaü kayirà verã và pana verinaü 42. dãghà jàgarato ratti, dãghaü santassa yojanaü, 60. dukkhaü dukkhasamuppàdaü dukkhassa ca atikkamaü, 191. dunniggahassa lahuno yatthakàmanipàtino, 35. duppabbajjaü durabhiramaü, duràvàsà gharà dukhà, 302. dullabho purisàjaÿÿo, na so sabbattha jàyati, 193. dåraïgamaü ekacaraü asarãraü guhàsayaü, 37. dåre santo pakàsenti himavanto va pabbato, 304. dhanapàlakÖ nàma kuÿjaro 324. dhammaü care sucaritaü, na naü duccaritaü care, 169. dhammapãti sukhaü seti, vippasannena cetasà, 79. dhammàràmo dhammarato, dhammaü anuvicintayaü, 364. dhãraÿ-ca paÿÿaÿ-ca bahussutaÿ-ca, 208. na attahetu na parassa hetu, 84. na antalikkhe, na samuddamajjhe, 127. na antalikkhe, na samuddamajjhe, 128. na kahàpaõavassena titti kàmesu vijjati, 186. na càhaü bràhmaõaü bråmi yonijaü mattisambhavaü, 396. na càhu na ca bhavissati na cetarahi vijjati 228. na jañàhi na gottena, na jaccà hoti bràhmaõo, 393. na taü kammaü kataü sàdhu yaü katvà anutappati, 67. na taü daëhaü bandhanam-àhu dhãrà, 345. na taü màtà pità kayirà aÿÿe và pi ca ÿàtakà 43. na tàvatà dhammadharo yàvatà bahu bhàsati, 259. na tena ariyo hoti yena pàõàni hiüsati, 270. na tena thero so hoti yenassa palitaü siro, 260. na tena paõóito hoti yàvatà bahu bhàsati, 258. na tena bhikkhu so hoti yàvatà bhikkhate pare, 266. na tena hoti dhammaññho yenatthaü sahasà naye, 256. na naggacariyà na jañà na païkà, 141. na paresaü vilomàni, na paresaü katàkataü, 50. na pupphagandho pañivàtameti, 54. na bràhmaõassa pahareyya, nàssa muÿcetha bràhmaõo, 389. na bràhmaõassetad-akiÿci seyyo, 390. na bhaje pàpake mitte, na bhaje purisàdhame, 78. na muõóakena samaõo abbato alikaü bhaõaü 264. na monena munã hoti måëharåpo aviddasu, 268. na vàkkaraõamattena vaõõapokkharatàya và 262. 206 The New Dhammapada Indexes na ve kadariyà devalokaü vajanti, 177. na santi puttà tàõàya, na pità na pi bandhavà, 288. na sãlabbatamattena, bàhusaccena và pana, 271. na hi etehi yànehi gaccheyya agataü disaü, 323. na hi pàpaü kataü kammaü sajju khãraü va muccati, 71. na hi verena veràni sammantãdha kudàcanaü, 5. nagaraü yathà paccantaü guttaü santarabàhiraü, 315. natthi jhànaü apaÿÿassa, paÿÿà natthi ajhàyato, 372. natthi ràgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo kali, 202. natthi ràgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo gaho, 251. niññhaü gato asantàsã, vãtataõho anaïgaõo, 351. nidhàya daõóaü bhåtesu tasesu thàvaresu ca, 405. nidhãnaü va pavattàraü yaü passe vajjadassinaü, 76. nekkhaü jambonadasseva, ko taü ninditum-arahati? 230. netaü kho saraõaü khemaü, netaü saraõam-uttamaü, 189. neva devo na gandhabbo, na màro saha brahmunà, 105. no ce labhetha nipakaü sahàyaü 329. paüsukåladharaü jantuü, kisaü dhamanisanthataü, 395. paÿca chinde paÿca jahe, paÿca cuttaribhàvaye, 370. pañhavisamo no virujjhati, 95. paõóupalàso va dànisi, 235. pathavyà ekarajjena saggassa gamanena và 178. pamàdaü appamàdena yadà nudati paõóito, 28. pamàdam-anuyuÿjanti bàlà dummedhino janà, 26. paradukkhåpadànena attano sukham-icchati, 291. paravajjànupassissa niccaü ujjhànasaÿÿino 253. parijiõõam-idaü råpaü roganióóhaü pabhaïguraü, 148. pare ca na vijànanti mayam-ettha yamàmase, 6. pavivekarasaü pitvà, rasaü upasamassa ca, 205. passa cittakataü bimbaü arukàyaü samussitaü 147. pàõimhi ce vaõo nàssa hareyya pàõinà visaü, 124. pàpaÿ-ce puriso kayirà, na taü kayirà punappunaü, 117. pàpàni parivajjeti, sa munã tena so muni, 269. pàpo pi passati bhadraü yàva pàpaü na paccati, 119. pàmojjabahulo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasàsane, 381. piyato jàyatã soko, piyato jàyatã bhayaü, 212. puÿÿaÿ-ce puriso kayirà, kayiràthetaü punappunaü, 118. ßputtà matthi dhanam-matthiû iti bàlo vihaÿÿati, 62. pupphàni heva pacinantaü byàsattamanasaü naraü, 47. pupphàni heva pacinantaü byàsattamanasaü naraü, 48. pubbenivàsaü yo vedã, saggàpàyaÿ-ca passati, 423. påjàrahe påjayato, buddhe yadi va sàvake, 195. pemato jàyatã soko, pemato jàyatã bhayaü, 213. poràõam-etaü atula netaü ajjatanàm-iva, 227. phandanaü capalaü cittaü dårakkhaü dunnivàrayaü, 33. phusàmi nekkhammasukhaü, aputhujjanasevitaü, 272. pheõåpamaü kàyam-imaü viditvà, 46. bahuü ve saraõaü yanti, pabbatàni vanàni ca, 188. bahum-pi ce sahitaü bhàsamàno, 19. 207 The New Dhammapada Indexes bàlasaïgatacàrã hi dãgham-addhàna' socati, 207. bàhitapàpo ti bràhmaõo, 388. bhadro pi passati pàpaü yàva bhadraü na paccati, 120. maggànaññhaïgiko seññho, saccànaü caturo padà, 273. mattàsukhapariccàgà passe ce vipulàü sukhaü, 290. madhuvà maÿÿati bàlo, yàva pàpaü na paccati, 69. manujassa pamattacàrino 334. manopakopaü rakkheyya, manasà saüvuto siyà, 233. manopubbaïgamà dhammà, manoseññhà manomayà, 1. manopubbaïgamà dhammà, manoseññhà manomayà, 2. ßmameva kata' maÿÿantu gihã pabbajità ubho, 74. malitthiyà duccaritaü, maccheraü dadato malaü, 242. mà pamàdam-anuyuÿjetha mà kàmaratisanthavaü, 27. mà piyehi samàgaÿchã appiyehi kudàcanaü, 210. màtaraü pitaraü hantvà, ràjàno dve ca khattiye, 294. màtaraü pitaraü hantvà, ràjàno dve ca sotthiye, 295. màppamaÿÿetha pàpassa ßna maü taü àgamissati.û 121. màppamaÿÿetha puÿÿassa ßna maü taü àgamissati.û 122. màvoca pharusaü kaÿci, vuttà pañivadeyyu' taü, 133. màse màse kusaggena bàlo bhuÿjetha bhojanaü, 70. màse màse sahassena yo yajetha sataü samaü, 106. mitte bhajassu kalyàõe suddhàjãve atandite, 376. middhã yadà hoti mahagghaso ca, 325. muÿca pure muÿca pacchato, 348. muhuttam-api ce viÿÿå paõóitaü payirupàsati 65. mettàvihàrã yo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasàsane, 368. yaü esà sahatã jammã taõhà loke visattikà 335. yaü kiÿci yiññhaü ca hutaü ca loke, 108. yaü kiÿci sithilaü kammaü, saïkiliññhaÿ-ca yaü vataü, 312. yaü hi kiccaü tad-apaviddhaü, akiccaü pana kayirati, 292. yaÿ-ce viÿÿå pasaüsanti, anuvicca suve suve, 229. yato yato sammasati khandhànaü udayabbayaü 374. yathà agàraü ducchannaü vuññhã samativijjhati, 13. yathà agàraü succhannaü vuññhã na samativijjhati, 14. yathà daõóena gopàlo gàvo pàceti gocaraü, 135. yathà pi rahado gambhãro vippasanno anàvilo, 82. yathà bubbulakaü passe, yathà passe marãcikaü, 170. yathà saïkàradhànasmiü ujjhitasmiü mahàpathe, 58. yathàpi puppharàsimhà kayirà màlàguõe bahå, 53. yathàpi bhamaro pupphaü vaõõagandhaü aheñhayaü 49. yathàpi måle anupaddave daëhe 338. yathàpi ruciraü pupphaü vaõõavantaü agandhakaü, 51. yathàpi ruciraü pupphaü vaõõavantaü sagandhakaü, 52. yadà dvayesu dhammesu pàragå hoti bràhmaõo, 384. yamhà dhammaü vijàneyya sammàsambuddhadesitaü, 392. yamhi saccaÿ-ca dhammo ca ahiüsà saüyamo damo, 261. yassa accantadussãlyaü màluvà sàlamivotataü 162. yassa kàyena vàcàya, manasà natthi dukkataü, 391. yassa gatiü na jànanti, devà gandhabbamànusà, 420. 208 The New Dhammapada Indexes yassa cetaü samucchinnaü målaghaccaü samåhataü, 250. yassa cetaü samucchinnaü målaghaccaü samåhataü 263. yassa chattiüsatã sotà manàpassavanà bhusà, 339. yassa jàlinã visattikà, 180. yassa jitaü nàvajãyati, 179. yassa pàpaü kataü kammaü kusalena pithãyati, 173. yassa pàraü apàraü và pàràpàraü na vijjati, 385. yassa pure ca pacchà ca majjhe ca natthi kiÿcanaü, 421. yassa ràgo ca doso ca màno makkho ca pàtito, 407. yassàlayà na vijjanti, aÿÿàya akathaïkathã, 411. yassàsavà parikkhãõà àhàre ca anissito, 93. yassindriyàni samathaü gatàni, 94. yànimàni apatthàni alàpåneva sàrade, 149. yàva vanatho na chijjati 284. yàvajãvam-pi ce bàlo paõóitaü payirupàsati 64. yàvad-eva anatthàya ÿattaü bàlassa jàyati, 72. ye ca kho sammad-akkhàte dhamme dhammànuvattino 86. ye jhànapasutà dhãrà nekkhammåpasame ratà, 181. ye ràgarattànupatanti sotaü 347. yesaü sannicayo natthi, ye pariÿÿàtabhojanà, 92. yesaü sambodhi-aïgesu sammà cittaü subhàvitaü, 89. yesaÿ-ca susamàraddhà niccaü kàyagatà sati, 293. yo appaduññhassa narassa dussati, 125. yo imaü palipathaü duggaü saüsàraü moham-accagà, 414. yo ca pubbe pamajjitvà pacchà so nappamajjati, 172. yo ca buddhaÿ-ca dhammaÿ-ca saïghaÿ-ca saraõaü gato, 190. yo ca vantakasàvassa sãlesu susamàhito, 10. yo ca vassasataü jantu aggiü paricare vane, 107. yo ca vassasataü jãve apassaü udayabbayaü, 113. yo ca vassasataü jãve apassaü amataü padaü, 114. yo ca vassasataü jãve apassaü dhammam-uttamaü, 115. yo ca vassasataü jãve kusãto hãnavãriyo, 112. yo ca vassasataü jãve dussãlo asamàhito, 110. yo ca vassasataü jãve duppaÿÿo asamàhito, 111. yo ca sameti pàpàni, aõuü-thålàni sabbaso, 265. yo ce gàthàsataü bhàse anatthapadasaühità 102. yo cetaü sahatã jammiü taõhaü loke duraccayaü 336. yo daõóena adaõóesu appaduññhesu dussati 137. yo dukkhassa pajànàti idheva khayam-attano, 402. yo nibbanatho vanàdhimutto 344. yo pàõam-atipàteti, musàvàdaÿ-ca bhàsati, 246. yo bàlo maÿÿati bàlyaü, paõóito và pi tena so, 63. yo mukhasaüyato bhikkhu, mantabhàõã anuddhato, 363. yo ve uppatitaü kodhaü rathaü bhantaü va dhàraye, 222. yo sahassaü sahassena saïgàme mànuse jine, 103. yo sàsanaü arahataü ariyànaü dhammajãvinaü, 164. yo have daharo bhikkhu yuÿjati buddhasàsane, 382. yogà ve jàyati bhåri, ayogà bhårisaïkhayo, 282. yodha kàme pahatvàna anàgàro paribbaje 415. 209 The New Dhammapada Indexes yodha taõhaü pahatvàna, anàgàro paribbaje, 416. yodha dãghaü va rassaü và aõuü-thålaü subhàsubhaü 409. yodha puÿÿaÿ-ca pàpaÿ-ca bàhetvà brahmacariyavà, 267. yodha puÿÿaÿ-ca pàpaÿ-ca ubho saïgaü upaccagà, 412. ratiyà jàyatã soko, ratiyà jàyatã bhayaü, 214. ramaõãyàni araÿÿàni, yattha na ramatã jano, 99. ràjato và upasaggaü, abbhakkhànaü va dàruõaü, 139. vacãpakopaü rakkheyya, vàcàya saüvuto siyà, 232. vajjaÿ-ca vajjato ÿatvà, avajjaÿ-ca avajjato, 319. vanaü chindatha mà rukkhaü, vanato jàyatã bhayaü, 283. varam-assatarà dantà àjànãyà ca sindhavà 322. vassikà viya pupphàni maddavàni pamuÿcati, 377. vàcànurakkhã manasà susaüvuto, 281. vàõijo va bhayaü maggaü appasattho mahaddhano, 123. vàri pokkharapatte va, àragge-r-iva sàsapo, 401. vàrijo va thale khitto okam-okata' ubbhato, 34. vitakkapamathitassa jantuno 349. vitakkupasame ca yo rato 350. vãtataõho anàdàno, niruttipadakovido, 352. vedanaü pharusaü jàniü, sarãrassa ca bhedanaü, 138. sace neresi attànaü, kaüso upahato yathà, 134. sace labhetha nipakaü sahàyaü 328. saccaü bhaõe na kujjheyya, dajjàppasmim-pi yàcito, 224. sadà jàgaramànànaü ahorattànusikkhinaü, 226. saddho sãlena sampanno yasobhogasamappito, 303. santaü tassa manaü hoti, santà vàcà ca kamma ca, 96. santakàyo santavàco santavà susamàhito 378. sabbattha ve sappurisà cajanti, 83. sabbadànaü dhammadànaü jinàti, 354. sabbapàpassa akaraõaü, kusalassa upasampadà, 183. sabbasaüyojanaü chetvà yo ve na paritassati, 397. sabbaso nàmaråpasmiü yassa natthi mamàyitaü, 367. sabbàbhibhå sabbavidåham-asmi, 353. sabbe tasanti daõóassa, sabbe bhàyanti maccuno, 129. sabbe tasanti daõóassa, sabbesaü jãvitaü piyaü, 130. ßsabbe dhammà anattàû ti, yadà paÿÿàya passati, 279. ßsabbe saïkhàrà aniccàû ti, yadà paÿÿàya passati, 277. ßsabbe saïkhàrà dukkhàû ti, yadà paÿÿàya passati, 278. saritàni sinehitàni ca 341. salàbhaü nàtimaÿÿeyya, nàÿÿesaü pihayaü care, 365. savanti sabbadhã sotà latà ubbhijja tiññhati 340. sahassam-api ce gàthà anatthapadasaühità, 101. sahassam-api ce vàcà anatthapadasaühità, 100. sàraÿ-ca sàrato ÿatvà asàraÿ-ca asàrato, 12. sàhu dassanam-ariyànaü, sannivàso sadà sukho, 206. siÿca bhikkhu imaü nàvaü, sittà te lahum-essati, 369. sãladassanasampannaü, dhammaññhaü saccavedinaü 217. sukaràni asàdhåni attano ahitàni ca, 163. sukhaü yàva jarà sãlaü, sukhà saddhà patiññhità, 333. 210 The New Dhammapada Indexes sukhakàmàni bhåtàni yo daõóena vihiüsati, 131. sukhakàmàni bhåtàni yo daõóena na hiüsati, 132. sukhà matteyyatà loke, atho petteyyatà sukhà, 332. sukho buddhànam-uppàdo, sukhà saddhammadesanà, 194. sujãvaü ahirikena kàkasårena dhaüsinà, 244. suÿÿàgàraü paviññhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno, 373. sudassaü vajjam-aÿÿesaü, attano pana duddasaü, 252. sududdasaü sunipuõaü yatthakàmanipàtinaü, 36. suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, 296. suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, 297. suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, 298. suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, 299. suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà, 300. suppabuddhaü pabujjhanti sadà gotamasàvakà 301. subhànupassiü viharantaü indriyesu asaüvutaü, 7. suràmerayapànaÿ-ca yo naro anuyuÿjati, 247. susukhaü vata jãvàma àturesu anàturà, 198. susukhaü vata jãvàma ussukesu anussukà 199. susukhaü vata jãvàma yesaü no natthi kiÿcanaü, 200. susukhaü vata jãvàma verinesu averino, 197. sekho pañhaviü vicessati 45. seyyo ayoguëo bhutto tatto aggisikhåpamo, 308. selo yathà ekaghano vàtena na samãrati, 81. so karohi dãpam-attano, 236. so karohi dãpam-attano, 238. haüsàdiccapathe yanti, àkàse yanti iddhiyà, 175. hatthasaüyatÖ pàdasaüyato, 362. hananti bhogà dummedhaü, no ve pàragavesino, 355. hitvà mànusakaü yogaü, dibbaü yogaü upaccagà, 417. hitvà ratiÿ-ca aratiÿ-ca, sãtibhåtaü niråpadhiü, 418. hirãnisedho puriso koci lokasmi' vijjati, 143. hirãmatà ca dujjãvaü, niccaü sucigavesinà, 245. hãnaü dhammaü na seveyya, pamàdena na saüvase, 167. 211 The New Dhammapada Indexes Index of the Metres Siloka (= 83% of the verses) Pathyà: (603 pàdayugas): 1ace; 2ace; 3c; 4c; 5ac; 6ac; 7c; 8c; 9c; 10ac; 11c; 12ac; 13c; 14c; 21c; 22ac; 25ac; 26ac; 27c; 28ace; 29ac; 30c; 31ac; 32ac; 33ac; 34ac; 35c; 36c; 37c; 38ac; 39ac; 41ac; 42c; 43ac; 47ac; 48ac; 49ac; 50ac; 51ac; 52ac; 53ac; 55ac; 56ac; 57ac; 58ac; 59ac; 60a; 61ac; 62ac; 64ac; 65ac; 66c; 67ac; 68a; 70ac; 71ac; 72ac; 73ac; 74ace; 75ce; 76ae; 77ac; 78a; 79ac; 81c; 82c; 85a; 86ac; 88ac; 89ac; 90ac; 91ac; 92ace; 93ace; 96ac; 97a; 98a; 99ac; 100ac; 101ac; 102ac; 103ac; 104ac; 105ac; 106ace; 107ace; 109a; 110ac; 111ac; 112ac; 113ac; 114ac; 115ac; 116ac; 117a; 118a; 119c; 120c; 121ac; 122ace; 123ac; 124ac; 126ac; 129ac; 130ac; 131ac; 132ac; 133a; 134ac; 135a; 136ac; 137a; 138ac; 139c; 140a; 146ac; 147ac; 148ac; 149ac; 152c; 153ac; 154ace; 155c; 156c; 157ac; 158c; 159a; 160ac; 161ac; 162ac; 163ac; 164ce; 165ac; 166ac; 167ac; 168ac; 169c; 170ac; 171ac; 172ac; 173ac; 174ac; 175a; 176ac; 178ac; 181a; 182a; 185ce; 186ac; 187ac; 188ac; 189ac; 190ac; 191ac; 192ac; 193ac; 194ac; 195c; 197ac; 198ac; 199ac; 200ac; 201c; 202ac; 203ac; 204ac; 205ac; 206ac; 207ace; 209ac; 210a; 211ac; 212ac; 213ac; 214ac; 215ac; 216ac; 217ac; 218a; 219c; 220ac; 222ac; 223a; 224ac; 225c; 226ac; 227ce; 228c; 229a; 230ac; 231c; 232c; 233c; 234ac; 239ac; 241ac; 242c; 243c; 244c; 245ac; 246a; 247a; 248ac; 249a; 250a; 251ac; 252ace; 253ac; 254a; 255ac; 256ac; 257a; 258a; 259ce; 260c; 261ac; 262ac; 263a; 264c; 265ac; 266c; 267a; 268ac; 269ac; 270ac; 271ac; 272c; 273a; 275c; 276c; 277c; 278c; 279ac; 282ace; 283ac; 286ac; 287ac; 288c; 289ac; 290ac; 291ac; 292ac; 293ace; 294ac; 295ac; 296ac; 297ac; 298ac; 299ac; 300ac; 301ac; 302c; 304ac; 305c; 307c; 308ac; 311c; 312a; 313ac; 314ac; 315ce; 316c; 317c; 318c; 319ac; 320ac; 321c; 322ac; 323ac; 327ac; 330a; 332ac; 333ac; 335ac; 336a; 337ae; 339ac; 340ac; 351ac; 352ae; 355c; 356ac; 357ac; 358ac; 359ac; 360ac; 361ace; 363ac; 364c; 365ac; 366ac; 367a; 368c; 369ac; 370c; 372ac; 373ac; 374c; 375c; 376ac; 377ac; 378c; 379a; 380ac; 381ac; 382ac; 383ac; 384a; 385ac; 386ac; 387ace; 389ac; 391ac; 392ac; 393ac; 394a; 395a; 396ace; 397ac; 398ac; 399ac; 400c; 401ac; 402ac; 403c; 404a; 405c; 406ac; 407ac; 408c; 409c; 410ac; 411ac; 412ac; 413ac; 414ac; 415ac; 416ac; 417ac; 418ac; 419ac; 420a; 421ac; 422ac; 423ce. navipulà: (17 pàdayugas): 3a; 4a; 11a; 30a; 35a; 36a; 158a; 164a; 169a; 182c; 201a; 243a; 249c; 264a; 318a; 321a; 375a. bhavipulà: (31 pàdayugas): 21a; 23a; 37a; 68c; 75a; 81a; 133c; 143c; 152a; 183c; 195a; 196a; 219a; 225a; 227a; 242a; 258c; 259a; 267c; 272a; 303c; 307a; 311a; 337c; 364a; 370a; 374a; 376e; 379c; 394c; 408a. 212 The New Dhammapada Indexes mavipulà: (50 pàdayugas): 7a; 8a; 9a; 13a; 14a; 23c; 42a; 60c; 66a; 76c; 78c; 82a; 87c; 97c; 109c; 117c; 121e; 140c; 165e; 175c; 181c; 196c; 226c; 229c; 231a; 232a; 233a; 246c; 247c; 249e; 250c; 257c; 263c; 273c; 274a; 275a; 276a; 278a; 288a; 315a; 316a; 355a; 368a; 384c; 395c; 403a; 404c; 405a; 409c; 423a. ravipulà: (8 pàdayugas): 87a; 155a; 156a; 185a; 305a; 312c; 352c; 378a. savipulà: (16 pàdayugas): 7e; 8e; 63ac; 69ac; 89e; 98c; 118c; 119a; 120a; 139a; 159c; 244a; 336c; 400a; 420c. tavipulà: Anuññhubha: (13 pàdayugas): 85c; 135c; 143c; 150ac; 183a; 228a; 254c; 302ae; 317a; 367c; 414e. irregular: (8 pàdayugas): 27a; 210c; 218c; 222c; 260a; 266a; 274c. Mattacchandas (= 8% of the verses) Vetàlãya: (117 pàdas): 15abcd; 16abcd; 17abcd; 18abcd; 24abcd; 44abcd; 45abcd; 80abcd; 95abcd; 145abcd; 179acd; 180abcd; 235abcd; 236abcd; 237abcd; 238abcd; 240abcd; 284abcd; 285abcd; 324abcd; 334abcd; 341abcd; 342abc; 343abcd; 344bcd; 348abcd; 349abcd; 350abcd; 362abc; 371a; 388abcd. Opacchandasaka: (11 pàdas): 179a; 184abcd; 342d; 344a; 362d; 371bcd. Other Syllabic Metres (= 9 % of the verses) Tuññhubha: (122 pàdas): 19abcd; 20abcdef; 40abc; 46abcd; 54abc; 83abcd; 84ab; 94abc; 108abcd; 125bcd; 127abcd; 128abcd; 141abcd; 142abcd; 144ab; 151abcd; 177abcd; 208abc; 221abcd; 280abc; 281b; 306abcd; 309abcd; 310cd; 325abcd; 328abcd; 329abc; 330c; 331abcd; 345abcd; 346abcd; 347abcd; 353abcd; 354abcd; 390abd. Jagatã: (26 pàdas): 40d; 54d; 84cd; 94d; 125a; 144cdef; 208d; 280d; 281acd; 310ab; 326abcd; 338abcd; 390c. irregular: 84c; 329d; 330d; 213 The New Dhammapada Indexes 214 Pàràyanavagga A New Edition together with A Study of its Metre by ânandajoti Bhikkhu Revised Edition 2003/2547 Acknowledgement As with my Outline of the Metres in the Pàëi Canon, I have been greatly helped in preparing this work by Ven. Medhaïkara, who went through the whole text in detail, and made many corrections and useful suggestions; and also added many references to the Introductory material. 216 A Study of the Metre of Pàràyanavagga Introduction The elaborate composition now known to us as Pàràyanavagga is found in two places in the Khuddakanikàya of the Suttapiñaka. It forms the 5th and final section of Suttanipàta; and it is found again together with its ancient commentary in the Cullaniddesa. The text is essentially the same in both places, except in regard to some small, but nevertheless important, readings.1 The text of Pàràyanavagga falls into three clearly discernible sections. The first 56 verses form the Vatthugàthà, the Introductory Verses, which provide a commentarial- style basis to the sections that follow; this is followed by 91 verses that make up the Pucchà, or Questions, in which are recorded, mainly in verse, 16 dialogues between the Buddha and a group of brahmaõa meditation masters; and thirdly, there is a fitting epilogue to the story, which begins with a short prose section, before a further 25 verses with which the Pàràyanavagga concludes. It has been noted before that the Vatthugàthà are much later in composition than the Pucchà, this can be shown to be the case on linguistic and doctrinal grounds. On the other hand the Pucchà are regarded by scholars as containing some of the earliest recorded sayings of the Buddha.2 In this paper I intend to examine the metre of Pàràyanavagga in some detail. The first section concerns certain matters that have to be noticed in regard to the scansion of the text. In this section I also demonstrate that there is an hitherto unrecognized rule that was used in Pàëi metrical composition, which I call the rule of resolution. The second section examines the lines written in the Siloka metre as they appear in the Pucchà and in the Vatthugàthà; with the results from that it has been possible to throw light on the date of the epilogue. The third section studies the Tuññhubha lines, and shows that the parametres of the early Tuññhubha are wider than has been previously supposed, and 1 I do not propose to discuss these differences in readings here, which do not affect the metre, being mainly of doctrinal importance. I have chosen to establish the text from the Cullaniddesa edition because in almost every case Niddesa's readings are, in fact, to be preferred to Suttanipàta's, and they probably represent an earlier strata of the text. This may be because once the text was embedded in its commentary, which must have been at an early date, that it stopped developing, whereas the Suttanipàta text lacked the restrictions in regard to its readings that a commentary imposes. 2 All scholars are agreed that this text contains some of the most ancient teachings of the Buddha; see e.g. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India (London 1903), pg 122; G. C. Pande, Studies in the Origins of Buddhism (2nd rev. ed. Delhi, 1974), pg 51ff; Abeyanayake, A Textual and Historical Analysis of the Khuddaka Nikàya (Colombo, 1984), pg 75ff, etc. Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre that we must accept that there are one or two secondary openings, and an unusual variation in the break.1 When these matters have been carefully considered I present a new edition of Pàràyanavagga, complete with its metrical markings, which hopefully can then be used as a study piece by those interested in early Pàëi metrical composition on the one hand; and by those who are concerned with textual study on the other. The text that follows has been established through a comparison of the following sources, which are listed here along with the abbreviations used in the variant readings: BJT: Cullaniddesapàëi. Buddha Jayanti Tripiñaka Series, volume XXXIV. Colombo, 1976. Euro: Cullaniddesa. Edited by W. Stede, Ph. D. London, 1918. Reprinted Oxford, 1988. Thai: Cåëaniddeso. The Royal Thai Edition, volume 30. 2470 (i.e. 1916). Reprinted Bangkok, 2502 (i.e 1958). ChS: Cåëaniddesapàëi. Chaññha Saïgàyana CD-ROM, version 3 (no date). Igatpuri. In BJT & ChS the text is first stated in full at the beginning of the books. Then the Pucchà and epilogue are repeated together with Niddesa's commentary.2 The comparison has normally been made with the first statement of the text in these cases. Euro & Thai have the text from the Pucchà onwards only as it stands embedded in the commentary, the textual comparison therefore has been made with the verses as they are recorded there. I have also included a comparison of the readings found in the European edition of Suttanipàta, but it should be understood that this has not been used to establish the text: Sn: Sutta-Nipàta. New edition by Dines Anderson & Helmer Smith. London, 1913. Reprinted Oxford, 1990. Two other books have played an important part in the establishment of the text as it is presented here, they are: PJ II: Paramatthajotikà, 3 Volumes. Edited by Helmer Smith. London, 1916-1918. Reprinted in 1989 (Volumes I & II) and 1984 (Volume III). The latter volume has been particularly helpful, as it contains Smith's analysis of the metres. 1 Although in this paper I am mainly concerned with the metre as it appears in Pàràyanavagga, I have given cross references to Aññhakavagga (as it appears in the PTS edition of Mahàniddesa) when they can help to confirm the suggestions made herein. 2 It should be noted that Cullaniddesa does not comment on the Vatthugàthà, but they are nevertheless included at the opening in all editions of CNidd. 218 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre GD II: Group of Discourses II. Revised Translation with Introduction and Notes, by K. R. Norman. Oxford 1992. Reprinted 1995. Pàëi metrical composition, of course, did not arise in a vacuum, but as part of a continuum with its cultural environment, and initially takes over and continues the metres that were current in the Buddha's day.1 It is essential therefore, if we wish to understand Pàëi prosody that we have some idea of what these metres looked like in the Vedas, and how that relates to the Pàëi period. My prime reference for information on the Vedic metres has been: VM: Vedic Metre in its Historical Development. E. V. Arnold. Cambridge. 1905. Preliminary Considerations In this paper I have used the following conventions: Û = short syllable Ü = long syllable é = anceps (i.e. the syllable may be either short or long) Before going on to an examination of the metres themselves there are some factors about the scansion of the text that need to be considered here, these concern conjunct consonants, sarabhatti vowels, change of word form owing to the metre, and resolution of syllables. a) As is well known, there are in Pàëi certain conjunct consonants that fail to make the preceding syllable long, as can be seen from their position in certain positions where the weight of the syllable can be considered to be established. The most regular of these conjuncts which fails to make position is br. In the text as here presented we can see that br fails to make position in the following words: bràhmaõ-, 979d,2 999b, 1006b, 1008b, 1018d, 1028a, 1029b, 1100b, 1125d, 1140b brahm-, 1024a, 1065a bråhi, 1052b bråmi,1046e, 1048d, 1060d, 1078d, 1080f, 1082bg, 1083g 1 Later there is a great innovation in Indian prosody with the emergence of the so called Musical metres (mattàchandas and gaõacchandas) which brought new vigour into Indian verse composition. In literary terms these seem to have arisen first in Pàëi, but in the first and earliest period of Pàëi prosody, which is what we are concerned with here, they are as yet unknown. 2 Although the text which follows is of Pàràyanavagga as it appears in Cullaniddesa, I have given references to the verse numbers as they appear in the European edition of Sn to facilitate comparison with PJ II & GD II. 219 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre I therefore take it that it also fails to make position at 1081e, and include the reading munã bråsi accordingly, and I have marked short syllables which are followed by br as short in all cases. When br occurs medially however, it regularly does make position, as can be seen in the following cases: abravi, 981d, 986d pabråhi, 999c, 1036c, 1105e, 1107c, I have therefore marked short syllables that are followed by br in medial position as being long. I also take by in byaÿjanaü at 1017b, as failing to make position. b) Sarabhatti, or partial vowels, are vowels that have been written, but which have to be ignored when determining the metre of the text. When the sarabhatti vowel is ignored it means that there is then a conjunct consonant to be taken into consideration. For example, the word Araha looks like it should be scanned as ÛÛÛ , but when we take into account the sarabhatti vowel we find that it needs to be scanned as ÜÛ . In the text as presented here I have counted sarabhatti vowels in the following words: Araha, 1 1003d viriyena, 1026d iriyaü, 1038c brahmacariyavà, 1041a kayirà, 1051c iriyamànaü, 106b iriyati, 1097a brahmacariyaü, 1128c c) Change of word form. Sometimes the form of a word is changed to meet the demands of the metre. This usually involves the lengthening or shortening of syllables, or the changing of niggahãta to labial -m (which has the effect of making the syllable light) or dropping it altogether. The change -ü > -m is probably the most frequent in occurence in the texts of all changes that take place with the metre as the cause, but it cannot readily be illustrated as the same change also takes place occasionally in prose, and it is therefore impossible to distiguish where the change has happened solely by reason of the metre. In the text that follows I note the following changes have taken place with the metre as the cause: 1 Please note that in this paper and in the text that follows sarabhatti vowels are normally written in superscript as here. 220 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre Final i lengthened: Godhàvarã, 977c Bàvarã, 981a, 984d, 994b, 995b, 1025b, 1028a, 1029a munã, 1058b, 1074c, 1075c, 1081e ramatã, 985d Bhotã, 988a àmantayã, 997a nadatã, 1015d Upadhã, 1050c akittayã, 1052a Accã, 1074a satã, 1143a Medial i lengthened: anåpadhãkaü, 1057b, 1083b satãmà, 1070a Final i shortened: puthavi, 990b teji, 1097b Medial a lengthened: dakkhiõàpathaü, 976b uttaràmukhà, 1010d tàrituü, 1069b anànuyàyã, 1071d, 1072d, 1073a anàparaü, 1094b sahàja, 1096c Final a shortened: hitva, 1071b, 1072b yatha, 1092f va, 1024a, 1030a, 1082c, 1083c, 1090b, 1091b haüsa, 1134a Lengthening of u anåpadhãkaü, 1057b, 1083b panådanaü, 1106c ahå, 1146a Doubling of consonant: bahupphalaü, 1134b 221 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre Simplification of consonant: vissa[j]jessati, 1005d kàma[c]chandànaü, 1106a Loss of final niggahãta: eta', 989d dhammàna', 992b vedàna', 1019d pajaheyyu', 1058a domanassàna', 1106b paÿhàn', 1148c Assimilation of niggahãta: jappàbhilepanaü, 1033c etàbhinandàmi, 1057a, 1083a vàcàbhikaïkhàmi, 1061b munãdha, 1078b In order to correct the metre we need to read some normally long syllables as short: vivaññacchaddÖ, 1003c, 1147c puññhÖ, 1036c sÖ, 1075a, 1130c ÿàõÕna, 1078a t›yhaü, 1122c Õvaü, 1146c d) In another work1 I have stated that there is an hitherto unrecognised rule in Pàëi metrical composition, which says that when syllables are resolved it is normally the first 2 syllables of a word that are concerned in the resolution.2 In the text I have marked what I consider to be unambiguous cases of this rule by underlining in the metrical markings the syllables concerned, they can be seen in the following places, with resolution at the 1st syllable: 984a, 990a, 995cd, 1011b, 1014d, 1015a, 1016a, 1047c, 1050c, 1065a, 1081f, 1086a, 1092f, 1097a, 1102a, 1110c. at the 3rd: 1003d, 1116c; 4th: 1084c, 1135c; 5th: 995d, 1131a; 6th: 1023a, 1130c; 7th: 1002a, 1149d. 1 See An Outline of the Metres in the Pàli Canon. 2 This should not be taken as affirming that it is always the initial syllables that are affected, as the word in which resolution takes place may be the second member in a compound, or preceded by one or more prefixes, and quite often is itself a prefix. To give an example, in the word pañivasati, according to the rule we may take the 1st & 2nd syllable as resolved, or the 3rd & 4th; however, there cannot be resolution of the 2nd & 3rd, or the 4th & 5th. There seems to be a small exception to the general rule, in that the negative particle na occasionally appears to form the first half of a resolved syllable, perhaps because there was felt to be a close semantic affinity between the negative and the word it modifies. 222 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre There are some others which may be considered ambiguous, and which therefore need to be examined carefully. 1) The scansion of the line Avijjàya nivuto loko at 1033a looks like this ÛÜÜÛÛÛÜÜÜ . The rule of resolution would say that if there is resolution here it is at the 5th (i.e. nivuto). If that is so then it leaves the metre slightly wrong, as there is no vipulà showing the necessary pattern (ÅÜÜÛÜÜÜé), though it is only a little different from the mavipulà, having a light 4th syllable instead of a light 3rd. In his notes in GD II (pg 367), Norman puts the resolution at the 4th, if that is so then what we have is an acceptable Siloka pathyà variation. The line however is in reply to the question Kenassu nivuto loko? It may be, therefore, that the line here should simply be regarded as containing 9 syllables, a situation which has arisen because this is an answer that has been given in imitation of the question line. 2) At line 1040e we find the following: Kaü bråsi Mahàpuriso ti? 1 The scansion reads ÜÜÛÛÜÛÛÜÛ . According to the rule the resolution must be at the 6th in puriso, but again that leaves the metre slightly wrong (ÜÜÛÛÜÜÜÛ), as the mavipulà, which it closely resembles normally has a heavy 4th syllable. Norman (GD II, pg 368) counts the syllable as resolved at the 3rd, which would give an acceptable savipulà. There is another line which involve resolution, which leave the line irregular at 1140a. In this case, however, there is nothing that goes against the rule as such, but rather even with its aid we are still left with a slightly irregular line, in this line the resolution cannot be at any other syllable. There are a couple of other ambiguous cases, at 1122c, & 1146c. But again we are not dealing with alternative explanations. Either there is resolution, or the metre is incorrect. If there is resolution in these cases we have to count a normally long syllable as short in order to make the resolution, by reading na t›yhaü,2 & Õvam respectively. Given that there are 27 unambiguous cases3 where we can count the rule of resolution as upheld; and a further 4 where resolution has probably taken place (and if so, it has taken place in line with the rule); and only 2 (or 3, if we count the virtual repetition of 1040e at 1042c), which may give slightly better interpretations if we go against the rule, I take it that the rule can be considered well founded on the evidence that has 1 The line is virtually repeated in the answer at 1042c, exchanging Taü for Kaü, which makes no difference metrically. 2 Tuyhaü is normally read as a long syllable, cf. 1030a & 1061b 3 In Aññhakavagga I count the following as unambiguous: At the 1st: 774b, 783b, 787a, 791a, 796a, 827c, 830d, 831b, 832b, 862b, 863b, 869c, 870c, 876d, 888c, 889c, 890c, 893c, 895b, 900d, 901b, 907d, 908d, 909d, 963a, 965a, 969cd, 970d, 971d, 973ad; 3rd: 967a; 4th: 823a, 938d; 5th: 790d; 6th: 823c, 959a; 7th: 841a; to give jagaõa ÛÜÛ in the Old Gãti verses: 920d, 922d, 923b x 2, 924d, 925b, 929b x 2 (total: 47 instances). 223 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre been presented here.1 The rule is of quite some importance it should be noted, as when it is taken into consideration it can help to identify correctly the variation that is being used in Siloka lines, and the underlying gaõa structure in the bar metres. There are two metres used in Pàràyana, which are in fact the main metres used in Pàëi prosody. They are the Siloka and the Tuññhubha,2 we will examine them in this order. Siloka In the Vedas the Anuññhubha metre, out of which the Siloka emerged, can be described as a samavutta metre having the following structure: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Å Ü Å Ü Ð Û Ü Û é x 4 sometimes short syllables are found in the 2nd, 4th & 6th positions (though 2 successive shorts in the 2nd & 3rd position was normally avoided). Now it is very interesting from an historical perspective that in Hemakamàõavapucchà the metre very much looks like an early form of the Anuññhubha. Of the 18 lines which make up this section no fewer than 14 show the Anuññhubha structure. Two further lines are pathyà (the normal form of the prior line in the Siloka verses), which is also the most normal variation in the Vedas.3 Of the openings 5 show the normal Vedic form ÅÜÅÜ (1084ce, 1085bd, 1086d), and the others show syncopated forms that are also common in the Vedas (1084bd, 1085c, 1086bcd, 1087abc).4 1 No metrical rule is upheld 100%, of course, but we may take it that there is a rule if it is normally adhered to. I may add that as far as I have been able to discern the rule holds even better in medieval metrical compositions, but I am unable to bring the evidence forward at this point. There is a compliment to this rule, which I call the rule of replacement. This states that when replacement takes place it always does so after a caesura (cf. 1064c, 1068cd, 1076b, 1103d in the text). This shows that the presumption is that the first two syllables of a word are the ones that are being replaced. This further helps to confirm the rule, of course. 2 That is, the metres that are otherwise known as øloka and Triùñubh. In this paper, which examines the distinctive characteristics of early Pàëi metrical composition, I have preferred to use the Pàëi names for the metres. Although, as I will show herein, these are clearly related to the Sanskrit metres, they nevertheless have to be carefully distinguished from the latter, otherwise there is a danger of forcing Pàëi forms into classical Sanskrit models to which they do not, in fact, adhere. 3 The other two lines (1084f & 1086a) as they stand are unclear. If we read abhãramiü in the first of these lines (with Smith PJ II pg 660), that would once again give an Anuññhubha line. If we correct the second line by excluding -a viÿÿàta- (with Norman GD II, pg 378) that would give savipulà. 4 See Arnold's charts on pg 153 of VM. 224 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre So that it appears that all the evidence would suggest that we should probably count this Pucchà as being in Anuññhubha metre. In the Vedas after some time variations from this basic pattern started to emerge, which eventually gave rise to a new addhasamavutta metre, the Siloka. In canonical Pàëi the metre is normally described1 as having a pathyà structure, and 7 variations. They are: The pathyà or normal structure: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Odd line: É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Ü é 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Even line: É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Û é x 2 The variations or vipulà, that occur in the prior line: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Anuññhubha É Å Å Å Ð Û Ü Û é navipulà É Ü Å Ü Ð Û Û Û é bhavipulà É Ü Å Ü Ð Ü Û Û é mavipulà É Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Ü Ü é ravipulà É Å Å Å Ð Ü Û Ü é savipulà É Å Å Å Ð Û Û Ü é tavipulà É Ü Û Ü Ð Ü Ü Û é There is normally a caesura (word break) after the fifth syllable in the mavipulà, and after the fourth syllable in the ravipulà. It is on the basis of this description that the following analysis has been made. Normally 2 successive light syllables in 2nd and 3rd positions was avoided. though occasionally it turns up, and in certain works (like the Dhammapada) seems to have been accepted as a legitimate variation. 1) The Siloka in the Pucchà In the Pucchà there are 200 lines in the Siloka metre, of which I count 102 as prior lines. The distribution of the variations in the prior line as presented in the text that follows is like this:2 1 See Warder PM, pg 172ff. Warder refers to this metre as Vatta presumably on the basis of Vuttodaya, and in my Outline of the Metres in the Pàli Canon I followed him. However it should be noted that the Vatta metre is described in Vuttodaya as having the same cadence in all 4 lines. Only the Pathyàvatta has alternating cadences. 2 It should be noted that lines can sometimes be scanned in different ways, producing different variations. On a small number of occasions I have had to make a choice as to which variation we are dealing with and assign the line accordingly. 225 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre Pathyà = 62 (61%) Anuññhubha = 16: 1041a, 1053c, 1054c, 1066c, 1067c, 1084ce, 1085c, 1086c, 1087ac, 1095ac, 1099c, 1106c, 1116c, navipulà = 2: 1110a, 1111c bhavipulà = 1, 1112a, mavipulà = 4: 1105e, 1107c, 1114c, 1119c, (cf. 1040e, 1042c) ravipulà = 2: 1037a, 1046a, 1062a, savipulà = 5:, 1034a, 1036a, 1088a, 1089a, 1098a, tavipulà = 2: 1092a, 1093a irregular = 5: 1033a, 1077a, 1115a, 1118a, 1119a As can be seen from this by far the most important variation is the Anuññhubha, which constitutes some 15% of the total.1 The second most important variation is savipulà, with some 5% of the total.2 These figures are of importance because in the later development of the metre in the canon the Anuññhubha and savipulà are normally avoided in the Siloka prior lines,3 which then sees a corresponding increase in the occurrence of the pathyà, and the first 4 variations. With the help of these characteristics it is possible to determine whether verses belong to the early or to the middle and late periods. 2) The Siloka in the Vatthugàthà When we examine the Vatthugàthà, which on linguistic and doctrinal evidence can be shown to be late in composition,4 we can see that there has been an evident shift in the way the metre is composed. In this section there are 222 Siloka lines, exactly half of which are prior lines. The statistics for the variations are as follows: 1 This figure includes the lines in Hemakamàõavapucchà. If we count these as belonging to the Anuññhubha metre, and exclude them from the Siloka statistics, then the Anuññhubha variation would amount to 6% less. Although this has a bearing on what follows, the overall position is not affected one way or the other. 2 According to my calculations in Aññhakavagga Anuññhubha constitutes no fewer than 20% of the total (out of Siloka 116 prior lines): 781a, 814c, 815c, 850c, 851a, 853c, 854a, 855a, 856c, 859ac, 860a, 861c, 938c, 941c, 945c, 947a, 949c, 950c, 953a, 954c, 958a, 960c. There however savipulà is negligible (one case at 940b); while mavipulà takes 7% of the total 817c, 818c, 858a, 937a, 938c, 939c, 947c, 952c. 3 They do not seem to be ever totally excluded. Note that also the 6th (if it is a variation) is also normally avoided in the later works. 4 Good sources for an examination of the linguistic and doctrinal evidence are N. A. Jayawickràma, A Critical Analysis of the Sutta Nipàta, which was reprinted in the Pàli Buddhist Review 1, 3 (1976), and the same author's The Sutta Nipàta: Pucchàs of the Pàràyana Vagga, published in the University of Ceylon Review (photocopy only available to the present writer). See also Norman's extensive discussion of the linguistic materials in GD II. 226 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre Pathyà = 80 (73%) Anuññhubha = 1: 1004a navipulà = 7: 977a, 1001c, 1013a, 1015a, 1021a, 1025c, 1027a bhavipulà = 6:, 980a, 984a, 1003a, 1008a, 1016c, 1028c mavipulà = 5: 985c, 999c, 1002a, 1017a, 1030c ravipulà = 4: 976c, 982a, 1013c, 1022c savipulà = 2: 1007c, 1012c tavipulà = 0 irregular = 4, 991c, 997a, 1015c, 1026a Evidently the Anuññhubha and the savipulà have fallen out of favour, and there has been a marked increase in the occurrence of the pathyà, and the first 2 variations. 3) The Siloka in the epilogue When we compare the Siloka lines in the epilogue we can see that they clearly belong to the early period. Of the 41 prior lines in that section, 5 are Anuññhubha, 1135ce,1 1137c, 1139c, 1141c. The other statistics for this section are as follows: navipulà = 0 bhavipulà = 2: 1125a, 1128a mavipulà = 3: 1130c, 1131c, 1145c ravipulà = 1: 1138a savipulà = 2: 1125c, 1128c tavipulà = 0 irregular = 3, 1127c, 130a, 1140a These figures clearly show that the epilogue is early in composition, and was probably made at the same time as the Pucchà themselves. This is further confirmed by the fact that Cullaniddesa has a full commentary on these lines. 1 This is counting 1135e as a prior line Anuññhubha, but it may be an even line, in which case we would have to leave it out of the reckoning. In any case the overall figures are not affected. 227 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre Tuññhubha In the Vedic period the Tuññhubha was the most important metre used in verse composition, about 2/3 of the verses in the »g Veda are in this metre. In the Vedic period there are two main forms to the metre, which can be described thus: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1) Å Ü Å Ü, Ð Û Û Ü Ð Ü Û Ü é x 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2) Å Ü Å Ü Ð Å, Û Û Ð Ü Û Ü é x 4 they are distinguished by the position of the caesura, which comes after either the 4th or the 5th syllable, and is normally followed by 2 shorts which begin the second half of the line. In the Pucchà and epilogue of Pàràyanavagga there are 228 lines in Tuññhubha metre.1 When we compare these with the Vedic models we will find that there are some interesting continuities and also discontinuities. The Tuññhubha Opening: As we can see from the description given above in the Vedic period there are 2 main forms of the opening, they are ÅÜÛÜ, & ÅÜÜÜ.2 In the Vedas these openings are roughly equal in number. Both of these openings also occur in Pàràyanavagga. The first is by far the most common form, but the second, though becoming rare,3 is found on a significant number of occasions, see 1045e, 1052b, 1070a, 1071b, 1072b, 1073a, 1082a, 1096d, 1120c, 1149d.4 As this is continuous with the Vedic form of the metre, it seems that we should accept it as a genuine form of the metre. In the early period therefore, readings that meet the requirements of this opening should be regarded as legitimate, and when establishing texts there is no pressing need to take alternative readings that have almost certainly been introduced by scribes who were seeking to regularize the metre according to classical norms. There is a third form of the opening that occurs in the Pucchà, which shows the following pattern ÜÛÛÜ , these can be found at the following lines: 1050c, 1082b, 1096c, 1097e, 1120e, 1122f; see also 1056b, 1104b. 1 This total includes 15 lines that are written in the Jagatã metre (in the lists that follow Jagatã lines are placed in brackets). As the variations that occur in the one also occur in the other, I take them together here. The relationship of the two metres will be considered in what follows. 2 See Arnold's charts of pgs 188 & 194 of VM. 3 Eventually in the middle and late Pàëi periods it is normally avoided. 4 This opening is also found in Aññhakavagga, cf. 795d, 869c, 870d, 873bc, 875b, 878c, 881c, 889a, 884c, 894b, 908d, 966b, 971b, which lends good support to the argument as that section is also considered to be old. 228 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre Of the instances that are listed here 4 concern the compound jàtijaràya (ÜÛÛÜÐÛ), one other has the compound santipadaü (ÜÛÛÜ); and another has the reading upadhinidànà (ÛÛÛÛÜÜ); in these cases it would not be difficult to rectify the metre by reading jàtã, santã, & upadhã, it is therefore perhaps of some significance that no such reading is found in any of the editions. The other 2 readings open with the word bhikkhu, where to read bhikkhå, would violate the context, producing a plural where a singular is needed. In the Vedic period this opening is regarded as irregular.1 But in the Pàëi verses it appears fairly frequently, and shows a definite form, always beginning with a long syllable, so that I feel that we have to regard it as a genuine syncopated variation of the opening in the Pàëi period. Tuññhubha Breaks: The most important difference in the early Pàëi period is the dominance of the bhagaõa break ÜÛÛ which in fact becomes the norm in the classical period. In the tables that follow it will be seen that it is this characteristic, and not the position of the caesura, that distinguishes the metre (only the regular breaks are listed in this first table, breaks that are considered to be irregular in form will be listed later). caesura at the 4th: ,ÜÛÛ (57 lines, constituting 24% of the total) 1044e, 1046e, 1048bd, 1051b, 1052de, 1056c, 1057d, 1059bc, 1060bd, 1063abd, 1064b, 1069b, 1070d, 1071d, 1072d, 1073c, 1075abc, 1076d, 1078d, 1080ef, 1081eh, 1082d, 1083bd, 1090abc, 1091bd, 11096a(b)cd, 1102c, 1121c, 1123c, 1133b, 1134abd, 1142b, 1143b, 1144abd, 1146ab ,ÛÛÜ (21 lines, 10% of the total) 1043f, 1045f, 1047e, 1049a, 1052f, 1055b, 1057d, 1061a, 1064d, 1068b, 1069acd, 1075d, 1079g, 1097(b), 1101c, 1102d, 1103b, 1142a, 1146c ,ÜÛÜ (19 lines, 8% of the total) 1049b, 1058b, 1059a, 1060(a), 1070a, 1071b, 1072b, 1074ac, 1077d, 1082g, 1083g, 1091a, 1101b, 1104bd, 1120c,1133c, 1134c ,ÛÛÛ (8 lines, 3.5% of the total) 1078a, 1079a, 1080a, 1081a, 1082a, 1102a, 1122b, 1143c ,ÜÜÛ (4 lines, 2% of the total) 1056b, 1101a, 1133ad 1 Cf. Arnold VM pg 194, where its occurrence is listed at 2%. However it appears quite often in Aññhakavagga, cf. 836c, 842c, 845a, 870a, 874b, 902a, 964b, 970a, 975b. As in Pàràyanavagga the form always opens with a long syllable. 229 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre caesura at the 5th: Û,ÛÛ (13 lines, 6% of the total) 1058a, 1070c, 1074bd, 1076a, 1077b, 1078b, 1082b, 1097e, 1120ae, 1122f, 1123a Ü,ÛÜ (6 lines, 3% of the total) 1048c, 1056a, 1060c, 1072a, 1078c, 1097a, 1149d Ü,ÛÛ (34 lines, 15% of the total) 1046d, 1049(c), 1050(a)c, 1051acd, 1052c, 1056d, 1059d, 1065abd, 1071c, 1072c, 1073a, 1079b, 1082c, 1083c, 1097(a)d, 1102b, 1103a, 1104ac, 1120bd, 1121d, 1122ace, 1123bd, 1142c Ü,ÜÛ (1 line) 1077c caesura at the 6th: ÜÛ,Û (40 lines, 18% of the total) 1045(e), 1046c, 1047(bd), 1050b, 1052ab, 1055c, 1057(a), 1058c, 1061b, 1063c, 1064a, 1070b, 1071a, 1076c, 1079cd(f), 1080bcd, 1081bcd(g), 1082ef, 1083(a)ef, 1090d, 1091c, 1121ab, 1142d, 1143ad, 1144c, 1149c From this we can see that the bhagaõa break - regardless of where the caesura falls - forms 57% of all Tuññhubha lines in the Pucchà and Epilogue. The irregular lines are also of some interest in helping to define the parametres of the prosody. The first break listed below is particularly interesting, as a long 6th has been normally considered to be wrong in terms of the metre. As there seems to be a regular form to this break,1 with the caesura after the long 6th, followed by a short syllable, it appears that the break should be regarded as acceptable: ÜÜ,Û (8 lines, 4% of the total) 1048a, 1049d, 1050d, 1055d, 1073bd, 1077c, 1103c 2 1 Unfortunately Warder's tables on pg 207 & 209 of PM do not bring this out clearly. Arnold's tables do not record caesuras at the 6th, so that it has not been possible for me to check it in the Vedic period. It appears that many scholars have not countenanced a caesura at the 6th when making their analyses. But it seems to the present writer that in reciting verse in Pàëi it often falls quite naturally after the 6th. According to the above analysis some 24% of the breaks can be counted as producing this caesura. 2 See also 1056b, 1101a, & 1133ad, where the same pattern turns up after a word-break at the 4th. The comments in the text apply to this form also. To this we can add the following references in Aññhakavagga: 776d, 93d, 799a, 802d, 846d, 862d, 864a, 866a, 871a, 894b, 901d, 964cd, 969a. The same break, but with caesura at the 4th: 829d, 887c, 894a, 913ad. Also cf. 913c, 972d for the same break but with a different caesura. 230 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre replacement of 2 presumed short syllables by one long one: Û,Ü 1068d, Ü,Ü 1064c, 1068c, 1076b, 1103d extended form, having the caesura at the 5th, and restarting from the same syllable, giving a line of 12 syllables: Ü,ÜÛÛ 1044d, Û,ÜÛÛ 1047c, 1081f, Û,ÛÛÜ 1120a, 1123a irregular:1 1045d, 1046e, 1047a, 1057c, 1058d, 1060a, 1065c, 1079e, 1080f, 1101d, 1122d, 1146d It is characteristic of the early Vedic period that the mixing of Tuññhubha and Jagatã lines was normally avoided. Of the 228 lines counted above, only 16 are in the Jagatã metre, which therefore constitute less than 7% of the total, this shows that although by the early Pàëi period Jagatã lines were allowed in what were otherwise Tuññhubha verses, nevertheless they were not part of the normal parametres of the prosody,2 and seem to have been allowed only as an expedient. When we put this analysis together we can define the Tuññhubha metre in the early Pàëi period thus: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Å Ü Å Ü Ð Å Û Å Ð Ü Û Ü é x4 with the syncopated opening ÜÛÛÜ sometimes appearing, and the break ÜÜ,Û occasionally giving a long 6th syllable. It is on the basis of this description that the present text has been established.3 1 If we follow the suggestions given in the notes to the verses in the text some of these lines are not so irregular, but as there is some ambiguity about them, I have counted them seperately here. 2 On the other hand, in the middle and late Pàëi periods mixing is normal. 3 It will be noticed from the variant readings that the Burmese editors had in mind another, more classical, model, that seeks to avoid the long 3rd and 6th. It has long been recognized that the Burmese editions have often been `corrected' to make the metre fit into what is, in fact, a later prosody; see e.g. Helmer Smith's remark in PJ II, pg 637. Judging by Norman's comments in GD II, he was also working with this more classical model of the metre. 231 Pàràyanavagga - A Study of its Metre 232 Cullaniddeso 1 Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammàsambuddhassa2 Pàràyanavaggo3 Vatthugàthà 1 (976) ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Siloka pathyà4 Kosalànaü purà rammà ~ agamà Dakkhiõàpathaü ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐ ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà àkiÿcaÿÿaü patthayàno ~ bràhmaõo mantapàragå. 2 (977) ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà So Assakassa visaye, ~ Måëakassa5 samàsane, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐ Ü ÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ vasi6 Godhàvarãkåle7 ~ uÿchena ca phalena ca. 3 (978) ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÛ ÐÐ ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Tasseva upanissàya ~ gàmo ca vipulo ahu,8 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÛ ÐÐ ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tato jàtena àyena ~ mahàyaÿÿam-akappayi.9 4 (979) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Mahàyaÿÿaü yajitvàna ~ puna pàvisi assamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tasmiü patipaviññhamhi10 ~ aÿÿo àgaÿchi bràhmaõo - 1 BJT: Cullaniddesapàëi; PTS: Cullaniddesa; Thai: Cåëaniddeso; ChS: Cåëaniddesapàëi. It will be seen from this that none of the editions has this title, but I have adopted it here against the readings for the sake of consistency. 2 PTS omits this line; Sn omits first two lines. 3 PTS: Pàràyanavagga 4 All lines in the Vatthugàthà should be understood to be the pathyà form of the Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 5 BJT: Målakassa; ChS: Maëakassa; Sn: Aëakassa, both also in 1011 below. 6 BJT, PTS, Thai, Sn: vasã 7 BJT: Godàvarã 8 Sn: ahå 9 BJT: akappayã. 10 Thai, ChS: pañi- Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 5 (980) ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà ugghaññapàdo tasito, ~ païkadanto1 rajassiro, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ so ca naü upasaïkamma, ~ satàni paÿca yàcati. 6 (981) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Tam-enaü Bàvarã disvà ~ àsanena nimantayi,2 ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sukhaÿ-ca3 kusalaü pucchi, ~ idaü vacanam-abravi:4 7 (982) ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà ßYaü kho mamaü5 deyyadhammaü ~ sabbaü vissajjitaü6 mayà, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ anujànàhi me brahme, ~ natthi paÿca satàni me.û 8 (983) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßSace me yàcamànassa ~ bhavaü nànupadassati,7 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sattame divase tuyhaü ~ muddhà phalatu sattadhà!û 9 (984) ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà Abhisaïkharitvà kuhako8 ~ bheravaü so akittayi.9 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Tassa taü vacanaü sutvà, ~ Bàvarã dukkhito ahu.10 10 (985) ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ussussati anàhàro, ~ sokasallasamappito, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà atho pi evaücittassa ~ jhàne11 na ramatã mano. 1 Sn: paükadanto; Sn normally writes niggahãta ü- before the ka group of consonants. As this is only a difference in orthography, no further instances will be noted here. 2 BJT: nimantayã 3 BJT: sukhaü ca; BJT normally writes niggahãta ü before c, ch, j, jh; and occasionally before ka. In this edition I have preferred to write ÿ & ï, further cases will not be noted. 4 BJT: abravã; 5 ChS: mama 6 Thai, ChS: visajjitaü 7 Thai: nànuppadassati 8 Norman (GD II, pg 360) states that the resolution in this pàdayuga is at the 7th, but would leave the metre incorrect in the opening. 9 BJT: akittayã 10 Sn: ahå 11 Thai: jahàne, 234 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 11 (986) ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Utrastaü dukkhitaü disvà, ~ devatà atthakàminã ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Bàvariü upasaïkamma, ~ idaü vacanam-abravi:1 12 (987) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßNa so muddhaü pajànàti, ~ kuhako so dhanatthiko! ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Muddhani2 muddhapàte3 và, ~ÿàõaü tassa na vijjati.û 13 (988) ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßBhotã4 carahi jànàti! ~ Taü5 me akkhàhi pucchità: ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ muddhaü muddhàdhipàtaÿ-ca ~ taü suõoma vaco tava.û 14 (989) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßAham-petaü na jànàmi, ~ ÿàõaü6 mettha na vijjati. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Muddhaü muddhàdhipàto7 ca ~ Jinànaü heta'8 dassanaü.û 15 (990) ÛÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßAtha ko carahi jànàti ~ asmiü puthavimaõóale 9 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ muddhaü muddhàdhipàtaÿ-ca? ~ Taü me akkhàhi devate.û 16 (991) ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßPurà Kapilavatthumhà ~ nikkhanto lokanàyako, ÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syll apacco Okkàkaràjassa10 ~ Sakyaputto pabhaïkaro. 1 BJT: abravã 2 It is surprising we find no reading Muddhanã here, to avoid the opening ÜÛÛ . 3 Thai: muddhàdhipàte 4 Thai: Pahoti 5 Thai: Tam, 6 Thai, Sn: ÿàõam mettha, it is a feature of Thai & Sn that they frequently show assimilation of consonants like this, further cases will not be recorded. 7 ChS: muddhani muddhàdhipàte 8 ChS: Jinaÿ-hettha; note that niggahãta in etaü is lost here m.c. 9 Thai: pañhavi-; ChS: pathavi 10 We could correct the metre by reading apacc' Okkàkaràjassa 235 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 17 (992) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ So hi bràhmaõa Sambuddho, ~ sabbadhammàna' pàragå,1 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Sabbàbhiÿÿàbalappatto, ~ sabbadhammesu Cakkhumà ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Sabbakammakkhayam2-patto ~ vimutto upadhikkhaye.3 18 (993) ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Buddho so Bhagavà loke, ~ Dhammaü deseti Cakkhumà, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taü tvaü gantvàna pucchassu, ~ so te taü byàkarissati.û4 19 (994) ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ `Sambuddho' ti vaco sutvà, ~ udaggo Bàvarã ahu,5 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sokassa tanuko àsi ~ pãtiÿ-ca vipulaü labhi. 20 (995) ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha So Bàvarã 6 attamano udaggo, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha taü devataü pucchati vedajàto: ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã ßKatamamhi gàme nigamamhi và puna,7 ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 2 katamamhi và janapade lokanàtho, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yattha gantvà namassemu8 ~ Sambuddhaü dipaduttamaü?û9 21 (996) ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 4 ßSàvatthiyaü Kosalamandire Jino, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ pahåtapaÿÿo varabhårimedhaso, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ so Sakyaputto vidhuro anàsavo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ muddhàdhipàtassa vidå naràsabho.û 1 BJT: pàragu 2 PTS, ChS, Thai, Sn: Sabbadhammakkhayaü 3 BJT, Sn: upadhisaïkhaye 4 BJT, Sn: vyàkarissati. BJT & Sn regularly write vy for by, other cases will not be noticed. 5 Sn: ahå 6 BJT: Bàvari 7 ChS: pana 8 ChS: gantvàna passemu 9 ChS: dvipaduttamaü, here and in 998 below. 236 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 22 (997) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Tato àmantayã1 sisse, ~ bràhmaõo2 mantapàrage,3 ÜÛÜÛÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular ßEtha màõavà akkhissaü ~ suõotha4 vacanaü mama, 23 (998) ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yasseso dullabho loke ~ pàtubhàvo abhiõhaso, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ svajja5 lokamhi uppanno, ~ `Sambuddho' iti vissuto. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Khippaü gantvàna Sàvatthiü ~ passavho dipaduttamaü.û 24 (999) ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßKathaÿ6-carahi jànemu ~ disvà `Buddho' ti bràhmaõa? ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà Ajànataü no pabråhi, ~ yathà jànemu taü mayaü.û 25 (1000) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßâgatàni hi mantesu ~ Mahàpurisalakkhaõà, ÜÜÜÛÐ(Û)ÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ (pathyà) dvattiüsà7 ca byàkhàtà8 ~ samattà anupubbaso. 26 (1001) ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Yassete honti gattesu ~ Mahàpurisalakkhaõà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà dve yeva9 tassa gatiyo, ~ tatiyà hi na vijjati, 1 PTS: àmantayi 2 Sn: brahmaõe 3 ChS: -pàragå 4 ChS: suõàtha 5 ChS, Thai, Sn: svàjja 6 BJT: Kathaü. 7 BJT: dvattiüsa; ChS: dvattiüsàni, which is probably an individual scribal `correction' to the metre. 8 BJT, Thai, Sn: vyàkhyàtà; ChS: byàkkhàtà; We should probably understand a sarabhatti vowel here which should be counted towards the metre: byàkhàtà 9 Thai: duve va; Sn: dve va 237 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 27 (1002) ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà sace agàraü àvasati1 ~ vijeyya pañhaviü2 imaü, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ adaõóena asatthena ~ Dhammena-m-anusàsati.3 28 (1003) ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà Sace ca so pabbajati ~ agàrà anagàriyaü ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ vivaññacchaddÖ4 Sambuddho ~ Arahà bhavati anuttaro. 29 (1004) ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha Jàtiü gottaÿ-ca lakkhaõaü, ~ mante sisse punàpare,5 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ muddhaü muddhàdhipàtaÿ-ca ~ manasà yeva pucchatha. 30 (1005) ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anàvaraõadassàvã ~ yadi Buddho bhavissati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ manasà pucchite paÿhe ~ vàcàya vissajessati.û6 31 (1006) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Bàvarissa vaco sutvà, ~ sissà soëasa7 bràhmaõà: ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ajito Tissametteyyo, ~ Puõõako atha Mettagå,8 32 (1007) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Dhotako Upasãvo ca, ~ Nando ca atha Hemako, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà Todeyya-Kappà dubhayo, ~ Jatukaõõã ca paõóito, 33 (1008) ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà Bhadràvudho Udayo ca, ~ Posàlo càpi bràhmaõo, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Mogharàjà ca medhàvã, ~ Piïgiyo ca mahà isi, 1 Sn: ajjhàvasati 2 ChS: Pathaviü 3 ChS omits the sandhi -m- 4 PTS: vivañacchaddo; Thai: vivaññachado; Sn vivattacchaddo 5 BJT: punàparaü 6 ChS: visajjissati, but that is very poor metrically. 7 PTS: solasa, note that the following br does not make position. 8 BJT: Mettagu, and also at 1124, but elsewhere Mettagå 238 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 34 (1009) ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ paccekagaõino sabbe, ~ sabbalokassa vissutà, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ jhàyã jhànaratà dhãrà, ~ pubbavàsanavàsità, 35 (1010) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ Bàvariü abhivàdetvà,1 ~ katvà ca naü padakkhiõaü, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ jañàjinadharà sabbe ~ pakkàmuü uttaràmukhà: 36 (1011) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Måëakassa2 Patiññhànaü ~ purimaü3 Màhissatiü tadà,4 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ujjeniÿ-càpi Gonaddhaü ~ Vedisaü Vanasavhayaü, 37 (1012) ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Kosambiÿ5-càpi Sàketaü, ~ Sàvatthiÿ-ca puruttamaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà Setabyaü Kapilavatthuü, ~ Kusinàraÿ-ca mandiraü,6 38 (1013) ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà Pàvaÿ-ca Bhoganagaraü, ~ Vesàliü Màgadhaü puraü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà Pàsàõakaÿ7-cetiyaÿ-ca, ~ ramaõãyaü manoramaü. 39 (1014) ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Tasito vudakaü sãtaü, ~ mahàlàbhaü va vàõijo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ chàyaü ghammàbhitatto va ~ turità8 pabbatam-àruhuü. 1 BJT: abhivanditvà 2 BJT: Målakassa; ChS: Maëakassa; Sn: Aëakassa 3 ChS: pura 4 BJT: tathà 5 PTS, Sn: Kosambiü 6 ChS: mandira 7 Thai, ChS: Pàsàõakaü 8 BJT: tusità 239 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 40 (1015) ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà Bhagavà ca tamhi1 samaye ~ bhikkhusaïghapurakkhato, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular bhikkhånaü Dhammaü deseti ~ sãho va nadatã2 vane. 41 (1016) ÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Ajito addasa Sambuddhaü,3 ~ sataraüsiü4 va bhànumaü,5 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà candaü yathà paõõarase6 ~ paripårim7-upàgataü, 42 (1017) ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà athassa gatte disvàna ~ paripåraÿ-ca byaÿjanaü.8 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Ekam-antaü ñhito haññho ~ manopaÿhe apucchatha: 43 (1018) ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßâdissa jammanaü bråhi, ~ gottaü bråhi salakkhaõaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mantesu pàramiü bråhi, ~ kati vàceti bràhmaõo?û 44 (1019) ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßVãsaüvassasataü àyu, ~ so ca gottena Bàvari,9 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tãõassa10 lakkhaõà gatte ~ tiõõaü vedàna' pàragå. 45 (1020) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Lakkhaõe itihàse ca, ~ sanighaõóusakeñubhe, ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ paÿca satàni11 vàceti, ~ sadhamme pàramiü gato.û 1 BJT: tasmiü; ChS omits ca to `correct' the metre, but the opening would be still be wrong for the 1st vipulà. 2 PTS: nadati; 3 ChS omits Sam to `correct' the metre, but again the opening is not very good. 4 PTS, Thai, Sn: vãtaraüsi; ChS: pãtaraüsiü 5 ChS: bhàõumaü 6 ChS, Sn: pannarase 7 PTS, Thai, Sn: pàripåriü; ChS paripåraü 8 Note that by fails to make position here; I do not know why Norman (GD II pg 364) feels we have to include a sarabhatti vowel in this word, and then take the 1st syllable as resolved. 9 BJT, PTS, ChS, Sn: Bàvarã 10 ChS tãnissa 11 This line shows 2 shorts syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions, which is normally avoided. 240 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 46 (1021) ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà ßLakkhaõànaü pavicayaü ~ Bàvarissa naruttama ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taõhacchida pakàsehi, ~ mà no kaïkhàyitaü ahu.û 47 (1022) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßMukhaü jivhàya chàdeti, ~ uõõassa1 bhamukantare, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà kosohitaü vatthaguyhaü ~ evaü jànàhi màõava.û 48 (1023) ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Pucchaü hi2 kiÿci3 asuõanto, ~ sutvà paÿhe viyàkate,4 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vicinteti jano sabbo ~ vedajàto kataÿjali:5 49 (1024) ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßKo nu devo va6 brahmà và ~ Indo và pi Sujampati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ manasà pucchi te paÿhe? ~ Kam-etaü pañibhàsati?û 50 (1025) ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßMuddhaü muddhàdhipàtaÿ-ca, ~ Bàvarã paripucchati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà taü byàkarohi Bhagavà,7 ~ kaïkhaü vinaya no ise.û 51 (1026) ÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syll ßAvijjà muddhà ti jànàhi, ~ vijjà muddhàdhipàtinã, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saddhàsatisamàdhãhi, ~ chandaviriyena8 saüyutà.û 1 Thai: uõõàssa 2 ChS pucchaÿ-hi 3 BJT: kaÿci. 4 BJT: vyàkate 5 BJT, Thai, ChS: aÿjalã 6 BJT, ChS: và; va is m.c. to give pathyà. 7 I can see no reason why Norman (GD II, pg 365) states that the 7th syllable is resolved here (which would go against the rule of resolution), as the cadence and opening are a normal 1st vipulà. Nor do we then have to produce a sarabhatti vowel in byàkarohi to correct the metre 8 ChS: vãriyena. 241 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 52 (1027) ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà Tato vedena mahatà ~ santhambhitvàna1 màõavo, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekaüsaü ajinaü katvà, ~ pàdesu sirasà pati:2 53 (1028) ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßBàvarã bràhmaõo bhoto, ~ saha sissehi màrisa, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà udaggacitto sumano, ~ pàde vandati Cakkhuma.û 54 (1029) ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßSukhito Bàvarã hotu ~ saha sissehi bràhmaõo! ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Tvaÿ-càpi sukhito hohi ~ ciraü jãvàhi màõava! 55 (1030) ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Bàvarissa va3 tuyhaü4 và ~ sabbesaü sabbasaüsayaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà katàvakàsà pucchavho ~ yaü kiÿci manasicchatha.û 56 (1031) ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Sambuddhena katokàso, ~ nisãditvàna paÿjali,5 ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ajito pañhamaü paÿhaü ~ tattha pucchi Tathàgataü: Vatthugàthà niññhità 1 ChS: santhambhetvàna 2 BJT: patã 3 ChS: ca 4 BJT: tumhaü 5 BJT, ChS: paÿjalã 242 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 1: Ajitamàõavapucchà1 57 (1032) 1-2 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐ Siloka pathyà 2 3 ßKenassu nivuto loko? icc-àyasmà Ajito, ÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ Kenassu nappakàsati? ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Kissàbhilepanaü bråsi?4 ~ Kiü su tassa mahabbhayaü?û 58 (1033) 1-2 ÛÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐ 9 syll 5 ßAvijjàya nivuto loko, Ajità ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÜÜÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vevicchà pamàdà nappakàsati.6 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Jappàbhilepanaü bråmi ~ dukkham-assa mahabbhayaüû 59 (1034) 1-3 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐ savipulà 7 ßSavanti sabbadhi sotà, icc-àyasmà Ajito, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sotànaü kiü nivàraõaü? ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Sotànaü saüvaraü bråhi, ~ kena sotà pithiyyare?û8 60 (1035) 1-4 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ ßYàni sotàni lokasmiü, Ajità ti Bhagavà, ÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sati tesaü nivàraõaü. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Sotànaü saüvaraü bråmi, ~ paÿÿàyete pithiyyare.û 1 PTS places numbers and titles in brackets throughout; Thai: Ajitamàõavakapaÿhàniddeso, and so throughout. 2 All lines should be understood as the pathyà form of the Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 3 BJT & ChS always place the recitor's remarks in brackets; further cases will not be noted. 4 Thai: bråhi 5 For a discussion of this line, see the Introduction. 6 Thai places pamàdà in brackets. This line is hypermetric as it stands by 3 syllables; as this first pucchà is very classical in regard to the metre it appears that either vevicchà or pamàdà should be excluded m.c., but it is not possible to decide which as both are acceptable in terms of the metre, and both are commented on in CNidd. 7 Sn: sabbadhã 8 BJT: pithãyare, here and below; ChS: pidhiyyare, here and in the next verse. 243 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 61 (1036) 1-5 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÛÐ savipulà 1 2 ßPaÿÿà ceva sati càpi, icc-àyasmà Ajito, ÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ nàmaråpaÿ-ca màrisa, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ etaü me puññhÖ pabråhi: ~ katthetaü uparujjhati?û 62 (1037) 1-6 ÛÜÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà ßYam-etaü paÿhaü apucchi ~ Ajita3 taü vadàmi te! ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Yattha nàmaÿ-ca råpaÿ-ca ~ asesaü uparujjhati: ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ viÿÿàõassa nirodhena, ~ etthetaü uparujjhati.û 63 (1038) 1-7 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßYe ca saïkhàtadhammàse,4 ~ ye ca sekhà5 puthå6 idha, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tesaü me nipako iriyaü ~ puññho pabråhi màrisa.û 64 (1039) 1-8 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßKàmesu nàbhigijjheyya, ~ manasànàvilo siyà. ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Kusalo sabbadhammànaü ~ sato bhikkhu paribbajeû ti.7 Ajitamàõavapucchà niññhità8 1 BJT, PTS: satã 2 Sn: satã ca 3 The vocative here gives the opening ÛÛÛ which is normally avoided. 4 BJT: -dhammà se, here and in similar positions throughout, it is not clear to me what the editors had in mind, but it appears that in fact -àse is a nominative plural ending, see Geiger PG # 79.4, and GD II, pg 134 for further references. 5 Thai: sekkhà 6 PTS: puthu 7 BJT omits ti here and at the end of the following pucchà, but includes it after all the others. 8 Thai: Ajitamàõavakapaÿhàniddeso pañhamo, and similarly throughout; further cases will not be noted. ChS: Ajitamàõavapucchà pañhamà, and similarly throughout. 244 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 2: Tissametteyyamàõavapucchà 65 (1040) 2-2 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐ 1 ßKodha santusito loke? icc-àyasmà Tissametteyyo, ÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Kassa no2 santi iÿjità? ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Ko ubhantam-abhiÿÿàya, ~ majjhe mantà na lippati?3 ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Kaü bråsi Mahàpuriso ti?4 ~ Kodha5 sibbanim6-accagà?û7 66 (1041) 2-2 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐ Anuññhubha i ßKàmesu brahmacar yavà, Metteyyà ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vãtataõho sadà sato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saïkhàya nibbuto bhikkhu, ~ tassa no santi iÿjità. 67 (1042) 2-3 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ So ubhantam-abhiÿÿàya, ~ majjhe mantà na lippati. ÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Taü bråmi Mahàpuriso ti, ~ sodha sibbanim-accagàû ti.8 Tissametteyyamàõàvapucchà niññhità 1 PTS, Sn: Tisso Metteyyo 2 Ven. Medhaïkara points out that the form no here, and in the next verse, is almost certainly m.c. to avoid the opening ÜÛÛÜ . 3 Thai: limpati, here and in the reply. 4 See the discussion of this line (and 1043c) in the Introduction. 5 PTS, Thai, ChS, Sn: idha, here and in 1042 below. 6 ChS: sibbiniü, here and below. 7 Thai adds ti 8 BJT: omits ti 245 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 3: Puõõakamàõavapucchà 68 (1043) 3-2 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ ßAnejaü måladassàviü, icc-àyasmà Puõõako, ÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ atthi paÿhena àgamaü: Kiü nissità isayo manujà, khattiyà bràhmaõà devatànaü yaÿÿam-akappayiüsu puthådha1 loke? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha2 Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü.û 69 (1044) 3-2 ßYe kecime isayo manujà, Puõõakà ti Bhagavà, khattiyà bràhmaõà devatànaü, yaÿÿam-akappayiüsu puthådha3 loke ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Extended Tuññhubha àsiüsamànà4 Puõõaka itthabhàvaü5 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jaraü sità yaÿÿam-akappayiüsu.û 70 (1045) 3-3 ßYe kecime isayo manujà, icc-àyasmà Puõõako, khattiyà bràhmaõà devatànaü, yaÿÿam-akappayiüsu puthådha loke, ÜÜÛÜ,Ð(ÛÛÜ)ÜÛÛ(Ü)ÐÜÛÜÜ kaccissu6 te Bhagavà yaÿÿapathe appamattà7 ÛÜÜÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã atàruü8 jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü.û 1 BJT: puthu idha, here and below; PTS: puthu 'dha; but idha in the following 2 verses. Sn; puthå, here and in the next verse, but not in the third. These lines as they stand are rhythmic prose. It is possible that the original form of the lines were in Tuññhubha metre, with the reading: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Kiü nissità bràhmaõà devatànaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yaÿÿaü kappayiüsu puthådha loke 2 From here on all 3 part lines are Tuññhubha unless otherwise stated, and all 4 part lines are Siloka unless otherwise stated. 3 PTS: puthå here, but puthu elsewhere. 4 ChS: àsãsamànà 5 Thai: itthataü; ChS itthattaü 6 Sn: kacciü su 7 For this line to scan properly we need to exclude Bhagavà, and read Ýpathappamattà 8 BJT, PTS, Sn: atàru', but the opening ÅÜÜÜ is acceptable, see the Introduction. 246 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 71 (1046) 3-4 ÜÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜ ravipulà & irregular cadence 1 2 ßâsiüsanti thomayanti, ~ abhijappanti juhanti, Puõõakà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Kàmàbhijappanti pañicca làbhaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ te yàjayogà bhavaràgarattà. ÜÛÜÛ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ irregular Nàtariüsu3 jàtijaran-ti bråmi.û 72 (1047) 3-5 ÜÜÜÐÛÜÛ,ÐÜÛÜÜ irregular ßTe ce nàtariüsu yàjayogà icc-àyasmà Puõõako, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yaÿÿehi jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa, ÛÛÜÛÛÐÛ,ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Extended Tuññhubha atha ko carahi4 devamanussaloke ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã atàri jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü.û 73 (1048) 3-6 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ 5 6 ßSaïkhàya lokasmiü paroparàni, Puõõakà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yassiÿjitaü natthi kuhiÿci loke, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ santo vidhåmo anãgho7 niràso, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ atàri so jàtijaran-ti bråmãû ti. Puõõakamàõavapucchà niññhità 1 ChS: âsãsanti 2 Thai places abhijappanti in brackets, presuming an original Tuññhubha line (we would still need to read âsiüsantã & thomayantã m.c.), which may be correct, as the recitor's remarks in Siloka lines normally come after the first half of the pàdayuga, not at the end of the line as here. If this is an addition though, it is very early as abhijappanti is commented on in CNidd (before juhanti, and its repetition in the next line). If it is a Siloka line there is no really convincing way to correct the cadence. 3 In this and the following line the metre is upset by the reading nàtariüsu. It is not easy to correct the metre satisfactorily here. 1046e is repeated at 1080f. 4 Norman (GD II pg 369) suggests that the 4th syllable is resolved here, but that would go against the rule of resolution; if we read atha ko carahã it would correct the metre; cf 1081f. 5 ChS: lokasmi'; (cf Norman GD II, pg 370). For this unusual break see the Introduction. 6 BJT, Sn: parovaràni 7 PTS, Thai, Sn: anigho, here and in 1059 & 1078 below. 247 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 4: Mettagåmàõavapucchà 74 (1049) 4-2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ßPucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü, icc-àyasmà Mettagå, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ maÿÿàmi taü vedaguü bhàvitattaü - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã kuto nu dukkhà samudàgatà ime ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye keci lokasmiü1 anekaråpà?û 75 (1050) 4-2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã ßDukkhassa ve maü pabhavaü apucchasi, Mettagå ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ taü te pavakkhàmi yathà pajànaü: ÛÛÛÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ irregular Upadhinidànà pabhavanti dukkhà ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye keci lokasmiü2 anekaråpà. 76 (1051) 4-3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Yo ve avidvà upadhiü karoti ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ punappunaü dukkham-upeti mando. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tasmà pajànaü3 upadhiü na kayirà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dukkhassa jàtippabhavànupassã.û 77 (1052) 4-4 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ 4 5 6 ßYan-taü apucchimha akittayã no, icc-àyasmà Mettagå, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ aÿÿaü taü pucchàma7 tad-iïgha bråhi: 1 ChS lokasmim; see the note to 1048a. 2 ChS: lokasmim; see the note to 1048a; it will be noted that lokasmiü often occurs in this break (this is also true in Aññhakavagga). 3 Sn: tasmà hi jànaü 4 ChS: Yaü taü 5 PTS: akittayi 6 Thai, ChS, Sn omit the recitor's remark here. 7 Sn: pucchàmi 248 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Kathan-nu1 dhãrà vitaranti oghaü ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jàtiü jaraü2 sokapariddavaÿ-ca? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Taü me munã3 sàdhu viyàkarohi, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tathà hi te vidito esa Dhammo.û 78 (1053) 4-5 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ ßKittayissàmi te Dhammaü, Mettagå ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ diññhe dhamme anãtihaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yaü viditvà sato caraü, ~ tare loke visattikaü.û 79 (1054) 4-6 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßTaÿ-càhaü abhinandàmi ~ mahesi4 Dhammam-uttamaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha Yaü viditvà sato caraü, ~ tare loke visattikaü.û 80 (1055) 4-7 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÛÐ ßYaü kiÿci sampajànàsi, Mettagå ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ uddhaü adho tiriyaÿ5-càpi majjhe, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etesu nandiÿ-ca nivesanaÿ-ca ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ panujja viÿÿàõaü bhave na tiññhe. 81 (1056) 4-8 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Evaüvihàrã sato appamatto, ÜÛÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhikkhu caraü6 hitvà mamàyitàni, 1 Thai, ChS: Kathaü 2 PTS, BJT, Sn: jàtijaraü, but in 1056 BJT prints below as here. Thai: jàtijjaraü, also in 1056, which is correct metrically, but is almost certainly a scribal correction, cf 1097e. 1120e, 1122f. 3 PTS, ChS: muni 4 BJT, Thai: mahesã 5 PTS writes tiriyaü with the niggahãta here against its normal practice, but cf 1103 below; Sn: tiriyaü 6 Note the unusual opening, which can hardly be corrected without violating the context; cf 1104b. 249 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jàtiü jaraü1 sokapariddavaÿ-ca ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idheva vidvà pajaheyya dukkhaü.û 82 (1057) 4-9 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã ßEtàbhinandàmi vaco mahesino,2 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Sukittitaü Gotamanåpadhãkaü.3 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ irregular Addhà hi Bhagavà pahàsi dukkhaü,4 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tathà hi te vidito esa Dhammo. 83 (1058) 4-10 ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Te càpi nåna pajaheyyu'5 dukkhaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ye tvaü munã6 aññhitaü ovadeyya, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ taü taü namassàmi samecca nàgaü,7 ÜÜÛÜ(ÛÛÜ),ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ appeva maü Bhagavà8 aññhitaü ovadeyya!û 84 (1059) 4-12 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ 9 10 11 ßYaü bràhmaõaü vedaguü àbhijaÿÿà, Mettagå ti Bhagavà, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ akiÿcanaü kàmabhave asattaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ addhà hi so ogham-imaü atàri, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tiõõo ca pàraü akhilo akaïkho. 1 Sn: jàtijaraü; cf. 1052d. 2 Ce, Se include the recitor's remark: icc-àyasmà Mettagå here and in 1059 below. 3 PTS: anåpadhikaü, but cf 1083. 4 Smith (PJ II, pg 639) suggests that this line is Vaitàlãya (by which I can only presume he means Opacchandasaka), but if that is so the metre is still wrong, with a short 3rd syllable (presumably). However, that a mattacchandas line would be found in such an ancient collection at all seems to me to be an anachronism. 5 ChS; nånappajaheyya 6 PTS, ChS, Sn: muni 7 BJT, PTS, ChS, Sn: nàga 8 BJT prints Bhagavà in brackets, it is probably an insertion by the recitor to clarify the context. Otherwise we could exclude aññhitaü, which can be understood as it occurs in line b. 9 ChS: vedagum- 10 PTS, Thai: abhijaÿÿà, à- is m.c. Ven. Medhaïkara points out that this is better read as a 2nd person singular optative (though CNidd glosses abhijàneyya, àjàneyya etc. taking it as 3rd person), in which case the regular form would be abhijaÿÿàsi, and -si has been lost m.c. 11 ChS omits recitor's remark. 250 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 85 (1060) 4-12 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ irregular Vidvà ca so vedagå1 naro idha, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhavàbhave saïgam2-imaü visajja, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ so vãtataõho anãgho niràso - ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ atàri3 so jàtijaran-ti bråmãû ti Mettagåmàõavapucchà niññhità 5: Dhotakamàõavapucchà 86 (1061) 5-2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ßPucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü, icc-àyasmà Dhotako, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ vàcàbhikaïkhàmi mahesi tuyhaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tava sutvàna nigghosaü ~ sikkhe nibbànam-attano.û 87 (1062) 5-2 ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÛÐ ravipulà ßTena hàtappaü karohi, Dhotakà ti Bhagavà, ÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ idheva nipako sato, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ito sutvàna nigghosaü, ~ sikkhe nibbànam-attano.û 88 (1063) 5-3 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßPassàmahaü devamanussaloke, icc-àyasmà Dhotako,4 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ akiÿcanaü bràhmaõam-iriyamànaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ taü taü namassàmi Samantacakkhu, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ pamuÿca maü Sakka kathaïkathàhi.û5 1 PTS, Sn: vedagu 2 PTS: saïgaü 3 Thai: attàri, but not in 1048 or elsewhere. 4 PTS, ChS, Sn omit the recitor's remark. 5 BJT, ChS, Sn: kathaükathàhi 251 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 89 (1064) 5-4 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßNàhaü sahissàmi1 pamocanàya,2 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kathaïkathiü3 Dhotaka kaÿci loke, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ dhammaÿ-ca seññhaü àjànamàno,4 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ evaü tuvaü ogham-imaü taresi.û5 90 (1065) 5-5 ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ 6 ßAnusàsa brahme karuõàyamàno, icc-àyasmà Dhotako, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ vivekadhammaü yam-ahaü vijaÿÿaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÜÜ,ÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜ irregular yathàhaü àkàso va abyàpajjamàno,7 ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idheva santo asito careyyaü.û 91 (1066) 5-6 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ 8 ßKittiyissàmi te santiü, Dhotakà ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ diññhe dhamme anãtihaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yaü viditvà sato caraü, ~ tare loke visattikaü.û 92 (1067) 5-7 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßTaÿ-càhaü abhinandàmi9 ~ mahesi santim-uttamaü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yaü viditvà sato caraü, ~ tare loke visattikaü.û 1 PTS: samãhàmi; Thai: samissàmi; Sn: gamissàmi 2 BJT adds the recitor's remark here unnecessarily: Dhotako ti Bhagavà, as the vocative occurs in the following line. 3 BJT, ChS: kathaükathiü 4 ChS: abhijànamàno, which looks very much like a scribal `correction', not understanding that there has been replacement of 2 presumed shorts by one long at the 6th. 5 CNidd glosses with tareyyàsi, it is not clear whether taresi should be regarded as a regular form, or as having arisen m.c. cf. vajjesi (s.v. vadati, PED); and BHSG Æ 29.21. 6 ChS omits the recitor's remark. 7 This line is very irregular as it stands; we could read yathàkàso va abyàpajjamàno, which would be acceptable metrically. 8 PTS omits the recitor's remark. 9 BJT again adds in the recitor's remark here: icc-àyasmà Dhotako, but again quite unnecessarily. 252 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 93 (1068) 5-8 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÛÐ ßYaü kiÿci sampajànàsi, Dhotakà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ uddhaü adho tiriyaÿ-càpi1 majjhe, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ etaü viditvà `saïgo' ti loke, ÛÜÛÜÐÛ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ bhavàbhavàya màkàsi taõhanû-ti.2 Dhotakamàõavapucchà niññhità 6: Upasãvamàõavapucchà 94 (1069) 6-2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßEko ahaü Sakka mahantam-oghaü, icc-àyasmà Upasãvo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã anissito no visahàmi tàrituü.3 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ârammaõaü bråhi Samantacakkhu, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yaü nissito ogham-imaü tareyyaü.û 95 (1070) 6-2 ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ 4 ßâkiÿcaÿÿaü pekkhamàno satãmà, Upasãvà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ natthã ti nissàya tarassu oghaü. ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Kàme pahàya virato kathàhi, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ taõhakkhayaü nattamahàbhipassa.û5 96 (1071) 6-3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ ßSabbesu kàmesu yo vãtaràgo, icc-àyasmà Upasãvo, ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ àkiÿcaÿÿaü nissito hitva-m-aÿÿaü,6 1 PTS: tiriyaü, but cf 1103. 2 In these last two lines there has been replacement of two presumed short syllables by one long one at the 6th. 3 BJT: tarituü; long -à- is m.c. 4 PTS, Thai, ChS: satimà 5 PTS: rattam- 6 BJT: hitva aÿÿaü, but hitvamaÿÿaü is written in the next verse. ChS: hitvà, here and in the next verse. 253 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saÿÿàvimokkhe1 paramedhimutto2 - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tiññhe nu so tattha anànuyàyã?û3 97 (1072) 6-4 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ ßSabbesu kàmesu yo vãtaràgo, Upasãvà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ àkiÿcaÿÿaü nissito hitva-m-aÿÿaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saÿÿàvimokkhe paramedhimutto - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tiññheyya so tattha anànuyàyã.û4 98 (1073) 6-5 ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßTiññhe ce so tattha anànuyàyã,5 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ pågam-pi6 vassànaü Samantacakkhu, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tattheva so sãtisiyà7 vimutto, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ cavetha8 viÿÿàõaü tathàvidhassa?û 99 (1074) 6-6 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ 9 10 ßAccã yathà vàtavegena khittà, Upasãvà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ atthaü paleti na upeti saïkhaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ evaü munã11 nàmakàyà vimutto ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ atthaü paleti na upeti saïkhaü.û 1 Sn: vimokhe, and in the next verse. 2 ChS, Sn: vimutto, and in the next verse. 3 BJT, PTS: anànuyàyi, here and in the following verses. 4 PTS: anànuyàyi 5 PTS: anànuyàyi 6 BJT: yugampi 7 BJT: sãtã siyà 8 Thai, Sn: bhavetha 9 ChS: acci 10 PTS, Sn: khitto; Thai: khittaü 11 Thai: muni, but cf. next verse. 254 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 100 (1075) 6-7 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ 1 ßAtthaügato so uda và sÖ natthi? icc-àyasmà Upasãvo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Udàhu ve sassatiyà arogo? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Taü me munã2 sàdhu viyàkarohi, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tathà hi te vidito esa Dhammo.û 101 (1076) 6-8 ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßAtthaügatassa na pamàõam-atthi, Upasãvà ti Bhagavà, ÜÛÜÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ irregular yena naü vajjuü3 taü4 tassa natthi, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbesu dhammesu samåhatesu, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ samåhatà vàdapathà pi sabbeû ti. Upasãvamàõavapucchà niññhità 7: Nandamàõavapucchà 102 (1077) 7-2 ÜÛÜÜÛÛÜÐ 7 syll 5 ß `Santi loke munayo', icc-àyasmà Nando, ÛÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ janà vadanti ta-y-idaü kathaü su? ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ ¥àõåpapannaü no muniü6 vadanti ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Udàhu ve jãvitenåpapannaü?û 103 (1078) 7-2 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã ßNa diññhiyà na sutiyà na ÿàõÕna7 ÛÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ munãdha Nanda kusalà vadanti. 1 ChS, Thai, Sn omit the recitors remarks. 2 PTS: muni 3 BJT, PTS, Thai, Sn: vajju' 4 The opening ÅÛÜÜ is very rare; in the break 2 presumed shorts have been replaced by one long syllable. 5 This line is deficient by one syllable, and it's rather odd that we find no reading `Santi loke munayo' ti. 6 Thai, ChS reverse the word order to muni no, a scribal `correction' to avoid the break ÜÜÛ but this break is tolerated (see the Introduction), though it is strange that we find no reading na here. 7 BJT adds Nandà-ti Bhagavà, again ignoring the vocative in the next line. 255 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Visenikatvà anãghà1 niràsà - ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ caranti ye te munayo ti bråmi.û 104 (1079) 7-3 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßYe kecime samaõabràhmaõàse, icc-àyasmà Nando, ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ diññhassutenàpi2 vadanti suddhiü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbatenàpi vadanti suddhiü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ anekaråpena vadanti suddhiü, ÜÜÛÜ,Ð(ÛÛÜ)ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kaccissu3 te Bhagavà4 tattha yatà5 carantà ÛÜÜÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã atàruü6 jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü.û 105 (1080) 7-4 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßYe kecime samaõabràhmaõàse, Nandà ti Bhagavà, ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ diññhassutenàpi vadanti suddhiü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbatenàpi vadanti suddhiü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ anekaråpena vadanti suddhiü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kiÿcàpi te tattha yatà caranti ÜÛÜÛ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ irregular nàtariüsu7 jàtijaran-ti bråmi.û 1 PTS, Thai, Sn; anighà 2 BJT, Sn: diññhe sutenàpi, and in 1080, 1081, but the grammer is wrong as diññhe cannot be an instrumental which is what is needed here. PTS: diññha-sutenà pi and in 1080, 1081, but we would expect gemination in the compound. 3 BJT: kacci su; Sn: kacciü su 4 Thai puts Bhagavà in brackets here; Smith (PJ II, pg 639) lists this line as `Triùñubh rhythm continued', though it seems to me that Bhagavà must be considered as hypermetrical and should be excluded m.c., it has probably been inserted here by the recitor to clarify the context, cf 1080e below. 5 BJT, Sn: yathà, here and in the next verse, but CNidd in its explanation is reading yatà. 6 BJT, PTS, ChS, Sn: atàru'; see the note to 1045e. 7 For nàtariüsu cf. the note to 1046e. 256 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 106 (1081) 7-5/61 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßYe kecime samaõabràhmaõàse, icc-àyasmà Nando, ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ diññhassutenàpi vadanti suddhiü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbatenàpi vadanti suddhiü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ anekaråpena vadanti suddhiü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ te ce2 munã3 bråsi4 anoghatiõõe, ÛÛÜÛÛÐÛ ,ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Extended Tuññhubha atha ko carahi5 devamanussaloke ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã atàri jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa? ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü.û 107 (1082) 7-7 ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßNàhaü sabbe samaõabràhmaõàse, Nandà ti Bhagavà, ÜÛÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jàtijaràya6 nivutà ti bråmi: ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye sãdha7 diññhaü va sutaü mutaü và, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbataü và pi pahàya sabbaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ anekaråpam-pi pahàya sabbaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ taõhaü pariÿÿàya anàsavàse8 - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ te ve narà oghatiõõà ti bråmi.û 108 (1083) 7-8 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã ßEtàbhinandàmi vaco mahesino,9 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sukittitaü Gotamanåpadhãkaü! 1 This appears as 2 verses in BJT, but CNidd in its explanation takes both `verses' together, which is not done elsewhere, so it seems that we have to understand that what we have here is a rather extraordinary 8 pàda Tuññhubha verse. 2 Sn: sace 3 PTS, ChS, Sn: muni 4 BJT: bråhi 5 See the note to 1047c. 6 See the discussion in the Introduction for this opening. 7 BJT: sådha, here and in the next verse, which is simply another way of forming the sandhi. 8 BJT: anàsavà se here and below; Thai: anàsavà ye, here and below. 9 BJT adds in the recitor's remark. 257 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Ye sãdha diññhaü va sutaü mutaü và ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbataü và pi pahàya sabbaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ anekaråpam-pi pahàya sabbaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ taõhaü pariÿÿàya anàsavàse - ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ aham-pi te oghatiõõà ti bråmãû ti. Nandamàõavapucchà niññhità 8: Hemakamàõavapucchà 109 (1084) 8-2 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÛÐ 1 ßYe me pubbe viyàkaüsu, icc-àyasmà Hemako, ÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ huraü Gotamasàsanà, ÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha `iccàsi iti bhavissati',2 ~ sabbaü taü itihãtihaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÛÜ Anuññhubha sabbaü taü takkavaóóhanaü ~ nàhaü tattha abhiramiü.3 110 (1085) 8-2 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Tvaÿ-ca me Dhammam-akkhàhi ~ taõhànigghàtanaü muni, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yaü viditvà sato caraü, ~ tare loke visattikaü.û 1 BJT: vyàkaüsu 2 We must take the resolution as being at the 4th here. Norman in his note to this verse is incorrect to state that the opening ÅÜÛÜ is unusual in Siloka even lines in the canon, it is only in the post-canonical form of the Siloka that the opening is avoided under the influence of classical Sanskrit norms; in Pàràyanavagga cf. 980d, 1005d, 1010b, 1032b, 1054b, 1067b, 1127d. 3 If this is the second half of the pàdayuga we would expect to find a reading abhãramiü to correct the metre. Otherwise it could be read as the first half of a pàdayuga with the navipulà, but then the opening is unusual. This verse recurs at 1135, but there pàda f is omitted. 258 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 111 (1086) 8-3 ÛÛÜÛÛÐÛÛ(ÛÜÜ)ÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßIdha diññhasutamutaviÿÿàtesu ~ piyaråpesu Hemaka,1 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha chandaràgavinodanaü ~ nibbànapadam-accutaü. 112 (1087) 8-4 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha Etad-aÿÿàya ye satà, ~ diññhadhammàbhinibbutà, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha upasantà ca te sadà, ~ tiõõà loke visattikanû-ti Hemakamàõavapucchà niññhità 9: Todeyyamàõavapucchà 113 (1088) 9-2 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÛÐ savipulà ßYasmiü kàmà na vasanti, icc-àyasmà Todeyyo, ÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ taõhà yassa na vijjati, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kathaïkathà2 ca yo tiõõo, ~ vimokkho3 tassa kãdiso?û 114 (1089) 9-2 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÛÐ savipulà ßYasmiü kàmà na vasanti, Todeyyà ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ taõhà yassa na vijjati, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kathaïkathà ca yo tiõõo, ~ vimokkho tassa nàparo.û 115 (1090) 9-3 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ 4 5 ßNiràsaso so uda àsasàno? icc-àyasmà Todeyyo, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Paÿÿàõavà so uda paÿÿakappã? 1 Thai places viÿÿàtesu in brackets, which shows that the editors understood that the line is hypermetrical, but to correct the metre we need to exclude -a viÿÿàt- m.c. which then leaves the savipulà. BJT divides these lines differently, making the 2nd line start with -viÿÿàtesu, leaving Hemaka as hypermetrical, perhaps thinking that it is a recitor's addition. So far as I am aware compounds across the pàdayuga do not occur in the canon (although they are fairly common in late Pàëi verse composition). 2 BJT, ChS: kathaükathà, here and in the reply. 3 Sn: vimokho, here and below. 4 PTS: Niràsaüso, here and below; Sn niràsayo, here and below. 5 ChS, Thai omits recitor's remark. 259 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Muniü ahaü Sakka yathà vijaÿÿaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Taü me viyàcikkha Samantacakkhu.û 116 (1091) 9-4 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ßNiràsaso so na so1 àsasàno. ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Paÿÿàõavà so na ca2 paÿÿakappã. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Evam-pi Todeyya muniü vijàna: ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ akiÿcanaü kàmabhave asattanû-ti. Todeyyamàõavapucchà niññhità 10: Kappamàõavapucchà 117 (1092) 10-2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÜÐ tavipulà ßMajjhe sarasmiü tiññhataü, icc-àyasmà Kappo, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ oghe jàte mahabbhaye, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ jaràmaccuparetànaü, ~ dãpaü pabråhi màrisa, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tvaÿ-ca me dãpam-akkhàhi ~ yatha-y-idaü3 nàparaü siyà.û 118 (1093) 10-2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÜÐ tavipulà ßMajjhe sarasmiü tiññhataü, Kappà ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ oghe jàte mahabbhaye ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ jaràmaccuparetànaü, ~ dãpaü pabråmi Kappa te: 119 (1094) 10-3 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akiÿcanaü anàdànaü, ~ etaü dãpaü anàparaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nibbànaü iti naü bråmi ~ jaràmaccuparikkhayaü. 1 Thai, ChS: so na ca 2 PTS, Thai: so na so 3 Thai, ChS: yathà, to avoid the opening ÛÛÛÜ , but we then have a 9 syllable line. 260 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 120 (1095) 10-4 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha Etad-aÿÿàya ye satà, ~ diññhadhammàbhinibbutà, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha na te Màravasànugà, ~ na te Màrassa paddhagåû1 ti. Kappamàõavapucchà niññhità 11: Jatukaõõãmàõavapucchà2 121 (1096) 11-2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßSutvànahaü vãram-akàmakàmiü, icc-àyasmà Jatukaõõã, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã oghàtigaü puññhum-akàmam-àgamaü, ÜÛÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ santipadaü3 bråhi sahàjanetta, 4 ÛÜÜÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ yathàtacchaü Bhagavà bråhi me taü. 122 (1097) 11-2 ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã Bhagavà hi kàme abhibhuyya iriyati,5 ÜÜÜÛ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ irregular àdicco va6 pañhaviü teji7 tejasà. ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ Parittapaÿÿassa me bhåripaÿÿa,8 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ àcikkha Dhammaü yam-ahaü9 vijaÿÿaü ÜÛÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jàtijaràya idha vippahànaü.û 1 ChS: paññhagå. 2 ChS: Jatukaõõi- , here and in the recitor's remark immediately below, and also in the end title. 3 For this opening see the Introduction. 4 BJT, ChS: sahaja- 5 BJT, not understanding the sarabhatti vowel, corrects the text and reads abhibhåyya irãyati, giving a Jagatã pàda. 6 The opening is irregular. 7 BJT, Thai, ChS: tejã; short i is being read here m.c. 8 Thai: bhåripaÿÿo 9 PTS: yaü 261 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 123 (1098) 11-3 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐ savipulà 1 ßKàmesu vinaya gedhaü, Jatukaõõã ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ nekkhammaü daññhu khemato; ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ uggahãtaü2 nirattaü3 và ~ mà te vijjittha kiÿcanaü. 124 (1099) 11-4 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Yaü pubbe taü visosehi, ~ pacchà te màhu kiÿcanaü. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha Majjhe ce no gahessasi ~ upasanto carissasi. 125 (1100) 11-5 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Sabbaso nàmaråpasmiü ~ vãtagedhassa bràhmaõa, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ àsavàssa4 na vijjanti ~ yehi Maccuvasaü vajeû ti. Jatukaõõãmàõavapucchà niññhità 12: Bhadràvudhamàõavapucchà 126 (1101) 12-2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßOkaÿjahaü taõhacchidaü anejaü, icc-àyasmà Bhadràvudho, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ nandiÿjahaü oghatiõõaü vimuttaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ kappaÿjahaü abhiyàce sumedhaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÛÛÜÐÜÛÛÜ irregular sutvàna Nàgassa apanamissanti ito. 5 127 (1102) 12-2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã Nànà janà janapadehi saïgatà, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tava vãra vàkyaü abhikaïkhamànà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tesaü tuvaü sàdhu viyàkarohi, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tathà hi te vidito esa Dhammo.û 1 Thai: kàme 2 BJT, Thai, ChS: uggahitaü 3 BJT: niratthaü 4 Thai: àsavassa 5 This line is very irregular as it stands; Ven. Medhaïkara suggest reading: sutvàna Nàgass' apanamissanti ãto, which would then give the extended form of the Tuññhubha. 262 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 128 (1103) 12-3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßâdànataõhaü vinayetha sabbaü, Bhadràvudhà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ uddhaü adho tiriyaÿ-càpi majjhe, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ yaü yaü hi lokasmiü1 upàdiyanti ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÐÜÛÜÜ teneva Màro anveti2 jantuü. 129 (1104) 12-4 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tasmà pajànaü na upàdiyetha ÜÛÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ bhikkhu3 sato kiÿcanaü sabbaloke, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ àdànasatte iti pekkhamàno, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ pajaü imaü Maccudheyye visattanû-ti. Bhadràvudhamàõavapucchà niññhità 13: Udayamàõavapucchà 130 (1105) 13-2 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐ ßJhàyiü virajam-àsãnaü, icc-àyasmà Udayo, ÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ katakiccaü anàsavaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pàraguü sabbadhammànaü, ~ atthi4 paÿhena àgamaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà aÿÿàvimokkhaü5 pabråhi, ~ avijjàya pabhedanaü.û 131 (1106) 13-2 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ 6 ßPahànaü kàmachandànaü, Udayà ti Bhagavà, ÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ domanassàna' cåbhayaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha thãnassa7 ca panådanaü, ~ kukkuccànaü nivàraõaü, 1 ChS: yaü yaÿhi lokasmim- 2 2 short syllables have been presumed at the 6th and replaced by one long one here; or we could read anuveti to give a regular Ü,ÛÛ break. 3 For this opening see the Introduction. 4 Thai: atthã 5 Sn: aÿÿàvimokhaü, and in the reply. 6 BJT, PTS, ChS, Sn: kàmacchandànaü 7 ChS: thinassa 263 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 132 (1107) 13-3 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ upekkhàsatisaüsuddhaü, ~ Dhammatakkapurejavaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà aÿÿàvimokkhaü pabråmi, ~ avijjàya pabhedanaü.û 133 (1108) 13-4 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ 1 2 ßKiü su saüyojano loko? icc-àyasmà Udayo, ÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Kiü su tassa vicàraõaü? ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Kissassa vippahànena ~ nibbànaü iti vuccati?û 134 (1109) 13-5 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ 3 ßNandisaüyojano loko, Udayà ti Bhagavà, ÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vitakkassa vicàraõaü.4 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Taõhàya vippahànena ~ nibbànaü iti vuccati.û 135 (1110) 13-6 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà ßKathaü satassa carato5 ~ viÿÿàõaü uparujjhati? ÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Bhagavantaü puññhum-àgamma,6 ~ taü suõoma vaco tava.û 136 (1111) 13-7 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßAjjhattaÿ-ca bahiddhà ca ~ vedanaü nàbhinandato - ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipulà evaü satassa carato ~ viÿÿàõaü uparujjhatãû ti. Udayamàõavapucchà niññhità 1 PTS, Thai: saÿÿojano, here and elsewhere. 2 Thai, ChS, Sn omit recitor's remark here and in the next verse. 3 Sn: Nandã-. 4 BJT, Euro, Thai: vicàraõà. 5 BJT rather unnecessarily inserts the recitor's remark here. 6 PTS: puññhuü àgamhà; Thai puññhumàgamhà 264 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 14: Posàlamàõavapucchà 137 (1112) 14-2 ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÛÐ bhavipulà ßYo atãtaü àdisati, icc-àyasmà Posàlo, ÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ anejo chinnasaüsayo, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pàraguü1 sabbadhammànaü ~ atthi2 paÿhena àgamaü: 138 (1113) 14-2 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Vibhåtaråpasaÿÿissa, ~ sabbakàyappahàyino, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ajjhattaÿ-ca bahiddhà ca ~ natthi kiÿcã ti passato, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ÿàõaü Sakkànupucchàmi, ~ kathaü neyyo tathàvidho?û 139 (1114) 14-3 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐ ßViÿÿàõaññhitiyo sabbà, Posàlà ti Bhagavà, ÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ abhijànaü Tathàgato, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà tiññhantam-enaü3 jànàti, ~ adhimuttaü4 tapparàyaõaü. 140 (1115) 14-4 ÜÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÛ 9 syll âkiÿcaÿÿàsambhavaü ÿatvà, ~ nandi5 saüyojanaü iti, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evam-etaü6 abhiÿÿàya, ~ tato tattha vipassati: ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ etaü ÿàõaü tathaü7 tassa, ~ bràhmaõassa vusãmatoû ti. Posàlamàõavapucchà niññhità 1 Thai: pàragå 2 Thai: atthã 3 PTS tiññhantaü 4 BJT: 'dhimuttaü ? here, but adhimuttaü in the explanatory section; PTS, Thai, ChS, Sn: vimuttaü; 5 ChS, Sn: nandã 6 Sn evam evaü 7 BJT: tathà 265 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 15: Mogharàjamàõavapucchà 141 (1116) 15-2 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐ 1 ßDvàhaü Sakkaü apucchissaü, icc-àyasmà Mogharàjà, ÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ na me byàkàsi2 Cakkhumà, ÜÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yàvatatiyaÿ-ca devisi3 ~ byàkarotã ti me sutaü. 142 (1117) 15-2 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Ayaü loko paro loko, ~ Brahmaloko sadevako: ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ diññhiü te4 nàbhijànàmi5 ~ Gotamassa6 yasassino. 143 (1118) 15-3 ÜÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syll Evaü abhikkantadassàviü, ~ atthi7 paÿhena àgamaü: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Kathaü lokaü avekkhantaü ~ Maccuràjà na passati?û 144 (1119) 15-4 ÜÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syll ßSuÿÿato lokaü avekkhassu, ~ Mogharàja sadà sato. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà Attànudiññhiü åhacca, ~ evaü Maccutaro8 siyà. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Evaü lokaü avekkhantaü ~ Maccuràjà na passatãû ti. Mogharàjamàõavapucchà niññhità 1 Thai: Sakka 2 BJT: vyàkàsã 3 BJT: devisã; ChS devãsi 4 BJT, PTS, Thai, Sn: diññhinte 5 PTS, ChS: nàbhijànàti 6 PTS: Gottamassa, presumably by mistake. 7 Thai: atthã 8 Thai: Maccuttaro 266 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 16: Piïgiyamàõavapucchà 145 (1120) 16-1 ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Extended Tuññhubha 1 2 ßJiõõoham-asmi abalo vãtavaõõo, icc-àyasmà Piïgiyo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nettà na suddhà savaõaü3 na phàsu - ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ màhaü nassaü4 momuho antarà va!5 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ âcikkha Dhammaü yam-ahaü vijaÿÿaü ÜÛÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jàtijaràya idha vippahànaü.û 146 (1121) 16-2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ 6 ßDisvàna råpesu vihaÿÿamàne, Piïgiyà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ruppanti råpesu janà pamattà - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà tuvaü Piïgiya appamatto, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jahassu råpaü apunabbhavàya.û 147 (1122) 16-3 ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ 7 ßDisà catasso vidisà catasso, icc-àyasmà Piïgiyo, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ uddhaü adho dasa disà8 imàyo ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na t›yhaü adiññhaü asutàmutaü và9 (ÛÜ)ÛÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ irregular atho aviÿÿàtaü kiÿcanam-atthi loke!10 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ âcikkha Dhammaü yam-ahaü vijaÿÿaü ÜÛÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jàtijaràya idha vippahànaü.û 1 Thai: asmã, but the break Û,ÛÛ is common. 2 Thai: vivaõõo 3 ChS: savanaü 4 Thai: màhampanassaü 5 PTS, Thai, Sn: antaràya 6 PTS: vihaÿÿamàna 7 Thai, ChS omit recitor's remark. 8 Sn: disatà 9 BJT, ChS: asutaü amutaü, omit và. 10 PTS: asutaü amutaü atho aviÿÿàtaü kiÿci natthi loke; BJT: kiÿci natthi, but it doesn't help the metre; if we exclude atho the metre would be regularized. Se: kiÿcinam atthi. 267 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 148 (1123) 16-4 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Extended Tuññhubha ßTaõhàdhipanne manuje pekkhamàno, Piïgiyà ti Bhagavà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ santàpajàte jarasà parete - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà tuvaü Piïgiya appamatto, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ jahassu taõhaü apunabbhavàyàû ti. Piïgiyamàõavapucchà niññhità (Pàràyanatthutigàthà)1 Idam-avoca Bhagavà Magadhesu viharanto Pàsàõake cetiye. Paricàrikasoëasànaü2 bràhmaõànaü ajjhiññho puññho puññho paÿhaü3 byàkàsi. Ekamekassa ce pi paÿhassa attham-aÿÿàya, Dhammam-aÿÿàya, Dhammànudhammaü pañipajjeyya, gaccheyyeva jaràmaraõassa pàraü. Pàraü gamanãyà4 ime Dhammà ti, tasmà imassa Dhammapariyàyassa Pàràyanan-teva5 adhivacanaü. 149 (1124) 2 ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ajito Tissametteyyo, ~ Puõõako atha Mettagå, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Dhotako Upasãvo ca, ~ Nando ca atha Hemako, 150 (1125) 2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà Todeyya-Kappà dubhayo, ~ Jatukaõõã ca paõóito, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà Bhadràvudho Udayo ca, ~ Posàlo càpi bràhmaõo, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Mogharàjà ca medhàvã, ~ Piïgiyo ca mahà isi.6 151 (1126) 3 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ete Buddhaü upàgacchuü,7 ~ sampannacaraõaü isiü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pucchantà nipuõe paÿhe, ~ Buddhaseññhaü upàgamuü. 1 This title is found only in the Burmese edition. 2 PTS, Thai: soëasannaü 3 PTS, Sn: paÿhe 4 PTS, Sn: Pàraïgamaniyà; ChS: Pàraïgamanãyà; Thai: Pàragamanãyà 5 BJT, Thai: Pàràyanaü tveva 6 BJT: mahà-isã, but cf. 1008d. 7 PTS, Sn: upàgaÿchuü 268 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 152 (1127) 4 ÜÜÜÜÐ(Û)ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Tesaü Buddho byàkàsi1 ~ paÿhe2 puññho yathàtathaü, ÜÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syll paÿhànaü veyyàkaraõena ~ tosesi bràhmaõe muni.3 153 (1128) 5 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipulà Te tosità Cakkhumatà, ~ Buddhenàdiccabandhunà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipulà brahmacariyam-acariüsu ~ varapaÿÿassa santike. 154 (1129) 6 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Ekamekassa paÿhassa ~ yathà Buddhena desitaü ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tathà yo pañipajjeyya ~ gacche pàraü apàrato. 155 (1130) 7 ÛÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ irregular Apàrà pàraü4 gaccheyya ~ bhàvento maggam-uttamaü. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà Maggo sÖ pàraü gamanàya5 ~ tasmà Pàràyanaü iti. (Pàràyanànugãtigàthà)6 156 (1131) 8 ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÜÐ mavipulà ßPàràyanaü7 anugàyissaü, icc-àyasmà Piïgiyo, ÛÜÜÜÐÛ(ÛÜ)ÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yathà addakkhi tathà akkhàsi:8 ~ vimalo bhårimedhaso, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nikkàmo nibbano nàgo,9 ~ kissa hetu musà bhaõe? 1 ChS: pabyàkàsi, a scribal `correction'. We should probably understand a sarabhatti vowel in byàkàsi which then has to be counted towards the metre. 2 Thai; paÿhaü 3 BJT: munã 4 This line is irregular as it stands, we could perhaps read apàrà pàra' to give the pathyà. 5 PTS, Sn: pàraïgamanàya; Thai: pàragamanàya 6 This title only found in the Burmese edition. 7 BJT, Thai, ChS, Sn: Pàràyanam 8 ChS: yathàddakkhi tathàkkhàsi, which corrects the metre; Thai places this half of the pàdayuga in brackets; if we exclude tathà we have a Siloka line. 9 Sn: nàtho 269 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 157 (1132) 9 ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Pahãnamalamohassa, ~ mànamakkhappahàyino ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ handàhaü kittayissàmi ~ giraü vaõõåpasaühitaü:1 158 (1133) 10 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tamonudo Buddho Samantacakkhu, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ lokantagå sabbabhavàtivatto, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ anàsavo sabbadukkhappahãno,2 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ saccavhayo brahme upàsito3 me. 159 (1134) 12 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Dijo4 yathà kubbanakaü pahàya, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bahupphalaü kànanam-àvaseyya, 5 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ evaü pahaü6 appadasse pahàya, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ mahodadhiü haüsa-r-iv'7 ajjhapattaü.8 160 (1135) 12 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Ye me pubbe viyàkaüsu,9 ~ huraü Gotamasàsanà,10 ÜÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha `iccàsi iti11 bhavissati', ~ sabbaü12 taü itihãtihaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha sabbaü taü takkavaóóhanaü. 1 ChS: vaõõåpasaÿhitaü 2 Norman (GD II pg 387) is incorrect in stating that we need to read Ýduk 270 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 161 (1136) 13 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Eko tamanudàsãno,1 ~ jutimà2 so pabhaïkaro, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Gotamo bhåripaÿÿàõo, ~ Gotamo bhårimedhaso. 162 (1137) 14 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Yo me Dhammam-adesesi, ~ sandiññhikam-akàlikaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha taõhakkhayam-anãtikaü, ~ yassa natthi upamà kvaci.û3 163 (1138) 15 ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ravipulà ßKin-nu4 tamhà vippavasasi5 ~ muhuttam-api Piïgiya, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Gotamà bhåripaÿÿàõà, ~ Gotamà bhårimedhasà, 164 (1139) 16 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo te Dhammam-adesesi, ~ sandiññhikam-akàlikaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha taõhakkhayam-anãtikaü, ~ yassa natthi upamà kvaci?û 165 (1140) 17 ÜÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular ßNàhaü tamhà vippavasàmi ~ muhuttam-api bràhmaõa, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Gotamà bhåripaÿÿàõà, ~ Gotamà bhårimedhasà, 166 (1141) 18 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo me Dhammam-adesesi, ~ sandiññhikam-akàlikaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha taõhakkhayam-anãtikaü, ~ yassa natthi upamà kvaci. 167 (1142) 19 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Passàmi naü manasà cakkhunà va, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ rattin-divaü6 bràhmaõa appamatto. 1 ChS: àsino 2 PTS, Sn: jàtimà 3 This line is 9 syllables here, and in 1139, 1141, & 1149 where it recurs, unless we take the 4th syllable as resolved against the normal rule of resolution. Norman (GD II pg 388) suggests reading atth' m.c. which would correct the metre. 4 ChS: kiü 5 We could read this as having resolution at the 6th giving the rare 6th vipulà, or at the 7th, which would give the 4th. 6 BJT: rattiü divaü 271 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Namassamàno vivasemi1 rattiü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ teneva maÿÿàmi avippavàsaü. 168 (1143) 20 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Saddhà ca pãtã2 ca mano satã3 ca ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nàpenti4 me Gotamasàsanamhà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yaü yaü disaü vajati5 bhåripaÿÿo ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ sa tena teneva natoham-asmi. 169 (1144) 22 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Jiõõassa me dubbalathàmakassa, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ teneva kàyo na paleti tattha, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ saïkappayattàya6 vajàmi niccaü, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ mano hi me bràhmaõa tena yutto. 170 (1145) 22 ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Païke sayàno pariphandamàno, ÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dãpà dãpaü upaplaviü,7 ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipulà athaddasàsiü Sambuddhaü, ~ oghatiõõam-anàsavaü.û 171 (1146) 23 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßYathà ahå8 Vakkali muttasaddho - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Bhadràvudho âëavigotamo ca - 1 Thai: vivasàmi 2 Thai, ChS: pãti 3 Thai, ChS: sati 4 Thai: nàmenti 5 Thai: vajjati. Norman (GD II pg 364) states that we need to read vajatã in the break here after the caesura at the 4th, but there are a number of times when the break ,ÛÛÛ occurs (see the Introduction for references), so that it seems it must be tolerated. 6 Thai, ChS: yantàya 7 PTS, Thai, ChS: upallaviü 8 BJT, PTS: ahu 272 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Õvam-eva tvam-pi1 pamuÿcassu saddhaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,(ÜÛÛ)ÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ gamissasi tvaü2 Piïgiya Maccudheyyassa pàraü.û3 172 (1147) 24 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßEsa bhiyyo4 pasãdàmi, ~ sutvàna munino vaco, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vivaññacchaddÖ5 Sambuddho, ~ akhilo pañibhànavà, 173 (1148) 25 ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ adhideve abhiÿÿàya, ~ sabbaü vedi paroparaü,6 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ paÿhànantakaro Satthà ~ kaïkhãnaü pañijànataü. 174 (1149) 26 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Asaühãraü7 asaükuppaü, ~ yassa natthi upamà kvaci, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ addhà gamissàmi na mettha kaïkhà, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛ, ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ evaü maü dhàrehi adhimuttacittanû-ti. Piïgiyasuttantaü Soëasi8 Pàràyanavaggo niññhito9 1 If we count the initial syllable here as short, it could be taken as resolved. We would then need to count tv as not making position; in the next line however tv does appear to make position. 2 Thai places tvaü in brackets, which fails to correct the metre; it looks like Piïgiya has been inserted by the recitor to clarify the context, if that is so then we have an extended Tuññhubha line. I do not understand why Norman states (GD II pg 390) that tv in tvaü fails to make position here, as that would go against the normal opening. 3 PTS, Sn: maccudheyyapàraü 4 BJT: bhãyo 5 PTS, Thai: vivañacchado; BJT, Sn: vivattacchaddo 6 BJT, Sn: parovaraü 7 Thai: asanhiraü 8 Thai, ChS, Sn omit this line. ChS has: Pàràyanànugãtigàthà niññhità. 9 ChS: Pàràyanànugãtigàthà niññhità; PTS prints the last 2 lines in reverse order. 273 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 274 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition Shared Line Index There are a number of lines which recur in more than one of the Pucchà, and these are listed below. Note that lines that are repeated within one of the Pucchàs are not listed here unless they occur in more than one of the Pucchà (in which case they are bracketed off). Particularly noticeable in this list is that Ajita & Tissametteyya do not share lines with any other of the questioners; and that there is a strong connection between Puõõaka's & Nanda's Pucchàs, and Mettagå's & Dhotaka's. atthi paÿhena àgamaü 1043b - Puõõaka; 1105d - Udaya; 1112d - Posala; 1118b - Mogharàjà Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü 1043f (1045f, 1047e) - Puõõaka; 1049a - Mettagå; 1061a - Dhotaka; 1079g (1081h) - Nanda atàruü jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa 1045e - Puõõaka; 1079f - Nanda atàri jàtiÿ-ca jaraÿ-ca màrisa 1047d - Puõõaka; 1081g - Nanda Nàtariüsu jàtijaran-ti bråmi 1046e - Puõõaka; 1080f - Nanda atha ko carahi devamanussaloke 1047c - Puõõaka; 1081f - Nanda anãgho niràso, atàri so jàtijaran-ti bråmã ti 1048cd - Puõõaka; 1061cd - Mettagå Taü me muni sàdhu viyàkarohi 1052e - Mettagå; 1075c - Upasãva tathà hi te vidito esa Dhammo 1052f (1057d) - Mettagå; 1075d - Upasãva; 1102d - Bhadràvudha Kittayissàmi te Dhammaü, diññhe dhamme anãtihaü 1053ab - Mettagå; 1066ab - Dhotaka yaü viditvà sato caraü, ~ tare loke visattikaü 1053cd (1054cd) - Mettagå; 1066cd (1067cd) - Dhotaka; 1085cd - Hemaka (cf. 1087d - Hemaka) Taÿ-càhaü abhinandàmi ~ mahesi Dhammam-uttamaü 1054ab - Mettagå; 1067ab - Dhotaka Yaü kiÿci sampajànàsi, uddhaü adho tiriyaÿ-càpi majjhe 1055ab - Mettagå; 1068ab - Dhotaka 1103b (only) - Bhadràvudha Etàbhinandàmi vaco mahesino, Sukittitaü Gotamanåpadhãkaü 1057ab Mettagå; 1083ab - Nanda akiÿcanaü kàmabhave asattaü 1059b - Mettagå; 1091d - Todeyya Etad-aÿÿàya ye satà, ~ diññhadhammàbhinibbutà 1087ab - Hemaka; 1095ab - Kappa àcikkha Dhammaü yam-ahaü vijaÿÿaü jàtijaràya idha vippahànaü 1097de - Jatukaõõã; 1120de (1122ef) - Piïgiya; pàraguü sabbadhammànaü, ~ atthi paÿhena àgamaü 1105cd - Udaya; 1112cd - Posàla Also note that 1084abcde = 1135abcde; 1006c - 1008d = 1124 - 125 988d = 1110d & cf. 992b with 1105c and 1112c 275 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition First Line Index akiÿcanaü anàdànaü 1094 Accã yathà vàtavegena khittà 1074 Ajito addasa Sambuddhaü 1016 Ajito Tissametteyyo 1124 Ajjhattaÿ-ca bahiddhà ca 1112 Atthaügatassa na pamàõam-atthi 1076 Atthaügato so uda và so natthi 1075 athassa gatte disvàna 1017 Atha ko carahi jànàti 990 adhideve abhiÿÿàya 1148 Anàvaraõadassàvã 1005 Anusàsa brahme karuõàyamàno 1065 Anejaü måladassàviü 1043 Apàrà pàraü gaccheyya 1130 Abhisaïkharitvà kuhako 984 Ayaü loko paro loko 1117 Avijjà muddhà ti jànàhi 1026 Avijjàya nivuto loko 1033 Asaühãraü asaükuppaü 1149 Aham-petaü na jànàmi 989 âkiÿcaÿÿaü pekkhamàno satãmà 1070 âkiÿcaÿÿàsambhavaü ÿatvà 1115 âgatàni hi mantesu 1000 âdànataõhaü vinayetha sabbaü 1103 âdissa jammanaü bråhi 1018 âsiüsanti thomayanti 1046 Idam-avoca Bhagavà prose Idha diññhasutamutaviÿÿàtesu 1086 ugghaññapàdo tasito 980 Utrastaü dukkhitaü disvà 986 upekkhàsatisaüsuddhaü 1107 Ussussati anàhàro 985 Ekam-ekassa paÿhassa 1129 Eko ahaü sakka mahantam-oghaü 1069 Eko tamanudàsãno 1136 Etad-aÿÿàya ye satà 1087, 1095 Etàbhinandàmi vaco mahesino 1057, 1083 Ete Buddhaü upàgacchuü 1126 Evaü abhikkantadassàviü 1117, 1118 Evaüvihàrã sato appamatto 1056 Esa bhiyyo pasãdàmi 1147 276 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition Okaÿjahaü taõhacchidaü anejaü 1102 Kathaü satassa carato 1110 Kathaÿ-carahi jànemu 999 Kàmesu nàbhigijjheyya 1039 Kàmesu brahmacariyavà 1042 Kàmesu vinaya gedhaü 1098 Kiü su saüyojano loko 1108 Kittayissàmi te Dhammaü 1053 Kittiyissàmi te santiü 1066 Kin-nu tamhà vippavasasi 1138 Kenassu nivuto loko 1032 Kodha santusito loke 1040 Ko nu devo va brahmà và 1024 Kosambiÿ-càpi Sàketaü 1012 Kosalànaü purà rammà 976 Jàtiü gottaÿ-ca lakkhaõaü 1004 Jiõõassa me dubbalathàmakassa 1144 Jiõõoham-asmi abalo vãtavaõõo 1120 Jhàyiü virajam-àsãnaü 1105 Taÿ-càhaü abhinandàmi 1054, 1067 Taõhàdhipanne manuje pekkhamàno 1123 Tato àmantayã sisse 997 Tato vedena mahatà 1027 Tam-enaü Bàvarã disvà 982 Tamonudo Buddho samantacakkhu 1133 Tasito vudakaü sãtaü 1014 Tasmà pajànaü na upàdiyetha 11014 Tasseva upanissàya 978 Tiññhe ce so tattha anànuyàyi 1073 Te càpi nåna pajaheyyu dukkhaü 1058 Te ce nàtariüsu yàjayogà 1047 Te tosità Cakkhumatà 1128 Tena hàtappaü karohi 1062 Tesaü Buddho byàkàsi 1127 Todeyyakappà dubhayo 1125 Tvaÿ-ca me Dhammam-akkhàhi 1085 Dijo yathà kubbanakaü pahàya 1134 Disà catasso vidisà catasso 1122 Disvàna råpesu vihaÿÿamàne 1122 Dukkhassa ve maü pabhavaü apucchasi 1050 Dvàhaü Sakkaü apucchissaü 1116 Dhotako Upasãvo ca 1007 Na diññhiyà na sutiyà na ÿàõena 1078 277 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition Na so muddhaü pajànàti 987 Nandisaüyojano loko 1109 Nànà janà janapadehi saïgatà 1102 Nàhaü tamhà vippavasàmi 1139, 1140 Nàhaü sabbe samaõabràhmaõàse 1082 Nàhaü sahissàmi pamocanàya 1064 Niràsaso so uda àsasàno 1090 Niràsaso so na so àsasàno 1092 Païke sayàno pariphandamàno 1145 paccekagaõino sabbe 1009 Paÿÿà ceva sati càpi 1036 Passàmahaü devamanussaloke 1063 Passàmi naü manasà cakkhunà va 1142 Pahànaü kàmachandànaü 1106 Pahãnamalamohassa 1132 Pàràyanaü anugàyissaü 1132 Pàvaÿ-ca Bhoganagaraü 1013 Pucchaü hi kiÿci asuõanto 1023 Pucchàmi taü Bhagavà bråhi me taü 1049, 1062 Purà Kapilavatthumhà 992 Bàvariü abhivàdetvà 1010 Bàvarissa va tuyhaü và 1030 Bàvarissa vaco sutvà 1006 Bàvarã bràhmaõo bhoto 1028 Buddho so Bhagavà loke 993 Bhagavà ca tamhi samaye 1015 Bhagavà hi kàme abhibhuyya iriyati 1097 Bhadràvudho Udayo ca 1008 Bhotã carahi jànàti 988 Majjhe sarasmiü tiññhataü 1092, 1093 Mahàyaÿÿaü yajitvàna 979 Mukhaü jivhàya chàdeti 1022 Muddhaü muddhàdhipàtaÿ-ca 1025 Måëakassa Patiññhànaü 1012 Yaü kiÿci sampajànàsi 1055, 1068 Yaü kho mamaü deyyadhammaü 982 Yaü pubbe taü visosehi 1099 Yaü bràhmaõaü vedaguü àbhijaÿÿà 1059 Yathà ahå Vakkali muttasaddho 1146 Yan-taü apucchimha akittayã no 1052 Yam-etaü paÿhaü apucchi 1037 Yasmiü kàmà na vasanti 1088, 1089 yassete honti gattesu 1002 yasseso dullabho loke 998 278 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition Yàni sotàni lokasmiü 1035 Ye kecime isayo manujà 1044, 1045 Ye kecime samaõabràhmaõàse 1079, 1080, 1082 Ye ca saïkhàtaDhammàse 1038 Ye me pubbe viyàkaüsu 1084, 1135 Yo atãtaü àdisati 1112 Yo te Dhammam-adesesi 1138, 1139 Yo me Dhammam-adesesi 1137, 1142 Yo ve avidvà upadhiü karoti 1052 Lakkhaõànaü pavicayaü 1022 Lakkhaõe itihàse ca 1020 Viÿÿàõaññhitiyo sabbà 1114 Vidvà ca so vedagå naro idha 1060 Vibhåtaråpasaÿÿissa 1113 Vãsaüvassasataü àyu 1019 Saïkhàya lokasmiü paroparàni 1048 sace agàraü àvasati 1002 Sace ca so pabbajati 1003 Sace me yàcamànassa 983 Saddhà ca pãtã ca mano satã ca 1143 `Santi loke munayo' 1077 Sabbaso nàmaråpasmiü 1100 Sabbesu kàmesu yo vãtaràgo 1071, 1072 Sambuddhena katokàso 1032 `Sambuddho' ti vaco sutvà 994 Savanti sabbadhi sotà 1034 Sàvatthiyaü Kosalamandire jino 996 Sukhito Bàvarã hotu 1029 Suÿÿato lokaü avekkhassu 1119 Sutvànahaü vãram-akàmakàmiü 1096 So Assakassa visaye 977 So ubhanta-m-abhiÿÿàya 1042 So Bàvarã attamano udaggo 995 So hi bràhmaõa Sambuddho 992 279 Pàràyanavagga - A New Edition 280 Catubhàõavàrapàëi A New Edition together with A Study of its Metre by ânandajoti Bhikkhu The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi 1: Compositional Analysis Of the 29 pieces that comprise the Catubhàõavàrapàëi, 13 are written in prose only, 4 in verse only, and 12 are mixed. Below is a table giving a compositional analysis of the texts found in the main section of the book: 1. Saraõagamanaü prose 2. Dasasikkhàpadàni prose 3. Sàmaõerapaÿhaü prose 4. Dvattiüsàkàraü prose 5. Paccavekkhaõà prose 6. Dasadhammasuttaü prose 7. Mahàmaïgalasuttaü prose introduction, 12 vs. Siloka 8. Ratanasuttaü 17 vs. Tuññhubha/Jagatã 9. Karaõãyamettasuttaü 10 vs. Old Gãti 10. Khandhaparittaü prose, 4 vs. Siloka 11. Mettànisaüsasuttaü prose 12. Mittànisaüsaü 10 vs. Siloka 13. Moraparittaü 4 vs. Tuññhubha, 1 vs. Siloka 14. Candaparittaü prose, 4 vs. Siloka 15. Suriyaparittaü prose, 4 vs. Siloka, 1 vs. Tuññhubha 16. Dhajaggaparittaü prose, 4 vs. Siloka 17. Mahàkassapattherabojjhaïgaü prose 18. Mahàmoggallànattherabojjhaïgaü prose 283 The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi 19. Mahàcundattherabojjhaïgaü prose 20. Girimànandasuttaü prose 21. Isigilisuttaü prose, 12 vs. Tuññhubha 22. Dhammacakkappavattanasuttaü prose 23. Mahàsamayasuttaü prose, 64 vs. Siloka, 2 vs. Tuññhubha, 1 vs. Svàgatà, 3 vs. mixed metre 24. âlavakasuttaü prose, 10 vs. Siloka, 2 vs. Tuññhubha 25. Kasãbhàradvàjasuttaü prose, 5 vs. Siloka, 2 vs. Tuññhubha 26. Paràbhavasuttaü prose introduction, 25 vs. Siloka 27. Vasalasuttaü prose, 27 vs. Siloka 28. Saccavibhaïgasuttaü prose 29. âñànàñiyasuttaü prose, 104 vs. Siloka (i.e. 52 vs. repeated) It will be seen from the above that, as presented here, there are 328 verses in the text, of which 278 are Siloka; Tuññhubha accounts for 40 verses; Old Gãti for 10; Svàgatà 1; and there are 3 verses in mixed metre at the beginning of Mahàsamaya-suttaü. 2: Siloka At all stages of the language, the most important and prevalent metre has been the Siloka, which has a great deal of flexibility, and seems to be equally well adapted to aphorism, question & answer, narrative, and epic. In the Catubhàõavàrapàëi, as can be seen from the table above, Siloka accounts for about 85% of all the verses found in the text. A Siloka verse normally consists of 4 lines (sometimes 6) with 8 syllables to the line, organized in dissimilar pairs which are repeated to make up a verse (note that owing to resolution sometimes a Siloka line may contain 9 syllables). Here is an analysis of the pathyà (normal) structure of the Siloka: Odd line: É Å Å ÅÐ Û Ü Ü é Even line: É Å Å ÅÐ Û Ü Û é 284 The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi In the 2nd & 3rd positions two successive shorts ÛÛ are normally avoided, as we can see through changes that have been made in syllabic length, though sometimes they do seem to occur. In the odd lines 7 variations (vipulà) occur, besides the normal structure, they are: Anuññhubha É Å Å ÅÐ Û Ü Û é navipula É Ü Å ÜÐ Û Û Û é bhavipula É Ü Å ÜÐ Ü Û Û é mavipula É Ü Å ÜÐ Ü Ü Ü é ravipula É Å Å ÅÐ Ü Û Ü é savipula É Å Å ÅÐ Û Û Ü é tavipula É Ü Û ÜÐ Ü Ü Û é (very sporadic) For those unfamiliar with Pàëi verse the thing to listen for is the cadence at the end of the pair of lines (pàdayuga), which gives the Siloka its characteristic rhythm: 5 6 7 8 Ð Û Ü Û Å The layout adopted for the Siloka verses can be illustrated by this verse from Vasalasuttaü: ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßkodhano upanàhã ca, pàpamakkhã ca yo naro, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vipannadiññhi màyàvã, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [1] 3: Tuññhubha/Jagatã In Catubhàõavàrapàëi there are some 40 verses in the Tuññhubha/Jagatã metre, Ratanasuttaü and Isigilisuttaü accounting for nearly 75% of this number. The Tuññhubha normally has 11 syllables to the line (occasionally 12, when there is resolution), and its structure is defined as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 É Ü ¦ ÜÐ Å Û ØÐ Ü Û Ü Å x 4 In a Tuññhubha verse a line in Jagatã metre is always acceptable. This metre is much the same as Tuññhubha, but with an extra short syllable in penultimate position, giving it a line length of 12 syllables (13 with resolution): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 É Ü ¦ ÜÐ Å Û ØÐ Ü Û Ü Û Å x 4 The layout of the Tuññhubha and Jagatã metres can be illustrated by the following verse from Ratanasuttaü 285 The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yathindakhãlo pañhaviü sito siyà ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã catubbhi vàtehi asampakampiyo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tathåpamaü sappurisaü vadàmi, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yo ariyasaccàni avecca passati - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [8] 4: Old Gãti Karaõãyamettasuttaü is written in one of the new musical metres. The basic organisational principle of the two metres we have considered so far has been the number of syllables there are in the line, normally Siloka has 8, Tuññhubha 11. However, if we count a short syllable as one measure, and a long syllable as two, it is possible to count the total number of measures (mattà) there are in a line, and use this as the determining factor for line length. This is exactly the principle involved in the first of the new metres to evolve, the so- called Mattàchandas, or measure metres. For instance in the Vetàlãya metre, the first line has 14 measures, and the second 16, the syllable count being variable. Once a mattà count was established it was not long before a second structural principle was introduced, which was to organise the lines into gaõas, or sections. A gaõa (normally) consists of 4 measures, which may therefore take any one of the following forms: ÜÜ or ÜÛÛ or ÛÛÜ or ÛÛÜ or ÛÛÛÜ This gave rise to the Gaõacchandas metres. Old Gãti appears to be a transitional metre between Mattàchandas and Gaõacchandas. Its structure can be defined as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ÈÜÐ ÛÜÛÐ ÅÜÐ Å,ÉÍÐÐ ÈÜÐ ÛÜÛÐ ÈÜÐ Å x 2 Sometimes a long syllable is resolved into two short syllables. The fourth gaõa, after the first syllable of which there is normally a pause and word break, seems to be particuarly ill-defined. This metre soon fell out of use after it had attained its classical form as Gãti, Ariyà, and their variations, and this may account for the poor state metrically of the three discourses in this metre that are found in the canon. As it now stands there are only a couple of verses in Karaõãyamettasuttaü that scan correctly. One of these is the first verse which is given below as the example: 286 The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi 1. ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛ,ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ karaõãyam-atthakusalena, yan-taü santaü padaü abhisamecca: ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ sakko ujå ca såjå ca, suvaco cassa mudu anatimànã, 5: Other Metres The first 4 verses of Mahàsamayasuttaü are in a mixture of metres, mainly mattàchandas, but not all of the lines are clear. The third verse in written in the old form of Svàgatà, the profile of which may be characterized thus: ÜÛØÅÜÜÈÅ ÜÛØÅÜÜÛÛÜÅ x 2 The other verses can be summarized here: 1ab = Siloka, c = ?, d = Vegavatã; 2ab = Opacchandasakà, c = Vegavatã, d = Rathoddhatà; 4a = Tuññhubha, b = Vegavatã, cd = ? The Vegavatã cadence: ÜÛÛÜÅ. 6: Prose That completes the description of the metres that are found in Catubhàõavàrapàëi. However, more than half the book is not in verse, but prose. The prosody of verse is relatively easy to exemplify because it can be abstracted and displayed in such terms as line length, structural pattern, variations, and so on. It is often forgotten that prose too has a rhythmic structure, and every language has what is often an unexplored prosody of prose. Canonical Pàëi is particuarly rich in rhythmic effect, which arises from rhetorical, or didactic, repetition on the one hand, and the grammatical structure of the language on the other. Consider the following passage from near the beginning of Dhammacakkappavattanasuttaü: a. Dve me bhikkhave antà pabbajitena na sevitabbà, b. yo càyaü: kàmesu kàmasukhallikànuyogo, c. hãno, gammo, pothujjaniko, anariyo, anatthasaühito; d. yo càyaü: attakilamathànuyogo, e. dukkho, anariyo, anatthasaühito. f. Ete te bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma, g. majjhimà pañipadà, Tathàgatena abhisambuddhà, h. cakkhukaraõã, ÿàõakaraõã, i. upasamàya abhiÿÿàya Sambodhàya Nibbànàya saüvattati. j. Katamà ca sà bhikkhave k. majjhimà pañipadà, Tathàgatena abhisambuddhà, 287 The Prosody of Catubhàõavàrapàëi l. cakkhukaraõã, ÿàõakaraõã, m. upasamàya abhiÿÿàya Sambodhàya Nibbànàya saüvattati? n. Ayam-eva ariyo aññhangiko maggo, seyyathãdam: o. 1. sammàdiññhi p. 2. sammàsaïkappo q. 3. sammàvàcà r. 4. sammàkammanto s. 5. sammà-àjãvo t. 6.sammàvàyàmo u. 7. sammàsati v. 8. sammàsamàdhi. In Pàëi words in conjunction often show the same ending, this is especially true of adjectives, which adopt the grammatical structure of the nouns they qualify. Note the adjectives in lines c & e, which qualify the respective nouns in lines b & d above, giving these lines a clear assonance, which has a marked effect in recital. Also nouns when aligned may show the same ending, as in line i (and m), where all the nouns are in dative singular, and both alliteration and assonance are apparent. Complex rythmic effect is also achieved through repetition of one sort or another. Note, for instance, the repetition of the first half of the compound in lines o - v, or the second half of the compound in line h (and l). Not only words, but whole phrases are frequently repeated, in our example cf. lines g - i with lines k - m. Unfortunately the aesthetic and architectural structure of the Pàëi is often obliterated by elision in modern editions of both texts and translations, and this, as often as not, also serves to blunt the rhetorical effect as well. As can be seen from this short analysis of one small passage Pàëi prose is rich in rhythm, and what is normally considered to be ßpoeticû effect. Without doubt originally the prime reason for repetition in the texts was didactic in nature, serving to reinforce certain basic teachings, and in connection with this we should remind ourselves that at first these teachings were for reciting and listening to, and were never read privately as such until they were written down some 4 centuries after the Buddha's parinibbàna. 288 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa 1: Saraõagamanaü1 buddhaü saraõaü gacchàmi dhammaü saraõaü gacchàmi saïghaü saraõaü gacchàmi dutiyam-pi buddhaü saraõaü gacchàmi dutiyam-pi dhammaü saraõaü gacchàmi dutiyam-pi saïghaü saraõaü gacchàmi tatiyam-pi buddhaü saraõaü gacchàmi tatiyam-pi dhammaü saraõaü gacchàmi tatiyam-pi saïghaü saraõaü gacchàmi 2: Dasasikkhàpadàni 1. pàõàtipàtà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 2. adinnàdànà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 3. abrahmacariyà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 4. musàvàdà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 5. suràmerayamajjapamàdaññhànà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 6. vikàlabhojanà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 7. naccagãtavàditavisåkadassanà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 8. màlàgandhavilepanadhàraõamaõóanavibhåsanaññhànà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 9. uccàsayanamahàsayanà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 10. jàtaråparajatapañiggahaõà veramaõãsikkhàpadaü 1 PPV2: Saraõàgamanaü Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü 3: Sàmaõerapaÿhaü1 eka nàma kiü? sabbe sattà àhàraññhitikà. dve nàma kiü? nàmaÿ-ca råpaÿ-ca. tãõi nàma kiü? tisso vedanà. cattàri nàma kiü? cattàri ariyasaccàni. paÿca nàma kiü? paÿcupàdànakkhandhà.2 cha nàma kiü? cha ajjhattikàni àyatanàni. satta nàma kiü? satta bojjhaïgà. aññha nàma kiü? ariyo aññhangiko maggo. nava nàma kiü? nava sattàvàsà. dasa nàma kiü? dasahaïgehi samannàgato arahà ti vuccatã ti. 4: Dvattiüsàkàraü3 atthi imasmiü kàye: kesà, lomà, nakhà, dantà, taco, maüsaü, nahàru, aññhi, aññhimiÿjà,4 vakkaü, hadayaü, yakanaü, kilomakaü, pihakaü, papphàsaü, antaü, antaguõaü, udariyaü, karãsaü, pittaü, semhaü, pubbo, lohitaü, sedo, medo, assu, vasà, kheëo, siïghànikà, lasikà, muttaü, matthake matthaluïgan-ti.5 5: Paccavekkhaõà 1. pañisaïkhà yoniso cãvaraü pañisevàmi, yàvad-eva sãtassa pañighàtàya, uõhassa pañighàtàya, óaüsamakasavàtàtapasiriüsapasamphassànaü pañighàtàya, yàvad-eva hirikopãnapaticchàdanatthaü. 2. pañisaïkhà yoniso piõóapàtaü pañisevàmi, neva davàya, na madàya, na maõóanàya, na vibhåsanàya,6 yàvad-eva imassa kàyassa ñhitiyà yàpanàya, vihiüsåparatiyà brahmacariyànuggahàya, iti puràõaÿ-ca vedanaü pañihaïkhàmi, navaÿ-ca vedanaü na uppàdessàmi, yàtrà ca me bhavissati, anavajjatà ca phàsuvihàro cà ti. 1 MPP, PPV, PPV2: Sàmaõerapaÿho 2 PPV2: paÿcåpàdànakkhandhà 3 MPP, PPV, PPV2: Dvattiüsàkàro 4 PPV, PPV2: aññhimiÿjaü 5 PPV: matthake matthalungantã ti 6 MPP: vibhusanàya 290 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü 3. pañisaïkhà yoniso senàsanaü pañisevàmi, yàvad-eva sãtassa pañighàtàya, uõhassa pañighàtàya, óaüsamakasavàtàtapasiriüsapasamphassànaü pañighàtàya, yàvad-eva utuparissayavinodanaü pañisallànàràmatthaü. 4. pañisaïkhà yoniso gilànapaccayabhesajjaparikkhàraü pañisevàmi, yàvad-eva uppannànaü veyyàbàdhikànaü vedanànaü pañighàtàya abyàpajjhaparamatàyà ti. 6: Dasadhammasuttaü bhikkhånaü guõasaüyuttaü yaü desesi mahàmuni, yaü sutvà pañipajjanto, sabbadukkhà pamuccati. sabbalokahitatthàya parittaü taü bhaõàmahe.1 evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tatra kho bhagavà bhikkhå àmantesi: ßbhikkhavo!û ti, ßbhadante!û ti te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: ßdasa ime bhikkhave dhammà pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbà. katame dasa? 2 1. ßvevaõõiyamhi ajjhupagato û ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 2. ßparapañibaddhà me jãvikàû ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 3. ßaÿÿo me àkappo karaõãyoû ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 4. ßkacci nu kho me attà sãlato na upavadatã?û ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 5. ßkacci nu kho maü anuvicca viÿÿå sabrahmacàrã, sãlato na upavadantã?û ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 6. ßsabbehi me piyehi manàpehi nànàbhàvo vinàbhàvoû ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 7. ßkammassakomhi, kammadàyàdo, kammayoni, kammabandhu, kammapañisaraõo - yaü kammaü karissàmi, kalyàõaü và pàpakaü và, tassa dàyàdo bhavissàmãû ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 8. ßkathaü bhåtassa me rattiüdivà vãtipatantã?û ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 9. ßkacci nu khohaü suÿÿàgàre abhiramàmã?û ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. 1 PPV, PPV2: omit this line 2 CBhp, PPV2: ajjhåpagato 291 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü 10. ßatthi nu kho me uttarimanussadhammà - alam-ariyaÿàõadassanaviseso - adhigato? soham pacchime kàle sabrahmacàrãhi puññho, na maïku bhavissàmã?û ti, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbaü. ime kho bhikkhave dasadhammà, pabbajitena abiõhaü paccavekkhitabbàû ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, attamanà te bhikkhå bhagavato bhàsitaü abhinandun-ti. 7: Mahàmaïgalasuttaü yaü maïgalaü dvàdasasu cintayiüsu sadevakà, sotthànaü nàdhigacchanti; aññhatiüsaÿ-ca maïgalaü desitaü devadevena sabbapàpavinàsanaü. sabbalokahitatthàya parittaü taü bhaõàmahe.1 evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. atha kho aÿÿatarà devatà abhikkantàya rattiyà, abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü jetavanaü obhàsetvà, yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü aññhàsi. ekam-antaü ñhità kho sà devatà bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßbahå devà manussà ca maïgalàni acintayuü2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula àkaïkhamànà sotthànaü: bråhi maïgalam-uttamaü. [1] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßasevanà ca bàlànaü, paõóitànaÿ-ca sevanà ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ påjà ca påjanãyànaü: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [2] ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pañiråpadesavàso ca, pubbe ca katapuÿÿatà ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula attasammàpaõidhi ca: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [3] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bàhusaccaÿ-ca sippaÿ-ca, vinayo ca susikkhito, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ subhàsità ca yà vàcà: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [4] 1 CBhp: mangalaü tam bhaõàmahe 2 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 292 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ màtàpitu1-upaññhànaü, puttadàrassa saïgaho, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ anàkulà ca kammantà: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [5] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dànaÿ-ca dhammacariyà ca, ÿàtakànaÿ-ca saïgaho, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ anavajjàni kammàni: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [6] ÜÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula àrati virati pàpà, majjapànà ca saÿÿamo, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ appamàdo ca dhammesu: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [7] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ gàravo ca nivàto ca, santuññhã ca kataÿÿutà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula kàlena dhammasavaõaü: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [8] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha khantã ca sovacassatà, samaõànaÿ-ca dassanaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kàlena dhammasàkacchà: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [9] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tapo ca brahmacariyaÿ-ca, ariyasaccànadassanaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nibbànasacchikiriyà ca: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [10] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ phuññhassa lokadhammehi, cittaü yassa na kampati, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ asokaü virajaü khemaü: etaü maïgalam-uttamaü. [11] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ etàdisàni katvàna, sabbattha-m-aparàjità, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula sabbattha sotthiü gacchanti: taü tesaü maïgalam-uttamanû-ti. 2 [12] 1 PPV2: màtàpitå 2 Metre: the second half of this pàdayuga is hypermetric by one syllable, owing to the addition of taü. 293 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü 8. Ratanasuttaü koñisatasahassesu cakkavàëesu devatà yassàõaü patigaõhanti yaÿ-ca vesàliyaü pure, rogàmanusssadubbhikkha - sambhåtaü tividhaü bhayaü - khippam-antaradhàpesi, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, 1 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va antalikkhe, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sabbe va bhåtà sumanà bhavantu, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã atho pi sakkacca suõantu bhàsitaü. [1] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà hi bhåtà nisàmetha sabbe, ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ extended mettaü karotha mànusiyà pajàya, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã divà ca ratto ca haranti ye baliü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tasmà hi ne rakkhatha appamattà. [2] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ yaü kiÿci vittaü - idha và huraü và ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saggesu và - yaü ratanaü paõãtaü ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ na no samaü atthi tathàgatena - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi buddhe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [3] ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ khayaü viràgaü amataü paõãtaü - ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yad-ajjhagà sakyamunã samàhito - ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ na tena dhammena samatthi kiÿci - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi dhamme ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [4] 1 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as Tuññhubha unless otherwise indicated. 294 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yam-buddhaseññho parivaõõayã suciü - ÛÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ samàdhim-ànantarikaÿ-ÿam-àhu - ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã samàdhinà tena samo na vijjati - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi dhamme ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [5] ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye puggalà aññha sataü pasatthà - ÜÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ cattàri etàni yugàni honti - ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã te dakkhiõeyyà sugatassa sàvakà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etesu dinnàni mahapphalàni - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [6] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye suppayuttà manasà daëhena1 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nikkàmino gotamasàsanamhi - ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ te pattipattà amataü vigayha - ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ laddhà mudhà nibbutiü bhuÿjamànà - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [7] ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yathindakhãlo2 pañhaviü sito siyà ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã catubbhi vàtehi asampakampiyo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tathåpamaü sappurisaü vadàmi, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yo ariyasaccàni avecca passati - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [8] 1 Note that -ëh- is a digraph, and does not make position. 2 PPV2: -khilo 295 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ye ariyasaccàni vibhàvayanti, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ gambhãrapaÿÿena sudesitàni, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kiÿcàpi te honti bhusappamattà ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ na te bhavaü aññhamaü àdiyanti - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [9] ÛÜÜÛ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sahà vassa dassanasampadàya ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ tayas su dhammà jahità bhavanti: ÜÜÛÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sakkàyadiññhi vicikicchitaÿ-ca ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sãlabbataü và pi yad-atthi kiÿci. ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ catåhapàyehi1 ca vippamutto, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ cha càbhiñhànàni abhabbÖ kàtuü - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [10] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã kiÿcàpi so kammaü karoti pàpakaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kàyena vàcà uda cetasà và, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÜÜ abhabbÖ so tassa pañicchàdàya:2 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ abhabbatà diññhapadassa vuttà - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [11] 1 CBhp: catuhapàyehi 2 Metre: we need to read pañichàdàya, m.c. to regularize the cadence. 296 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ vanappagumbe yathà phussitagge ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÜÜÜ gimhànamàse pañhamasmiü1 gimhe, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathåpamaü dhammavaraü adesayã,2 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nibbànagàmiü paramaühitàya - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi buddhe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [12] ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã varo varaÿÿå varado varàharo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã anuttaro dhammavaraü adesayã - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi buddhe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [13] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã khãõaü puràõaü navaü natthi sambhavaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ extended virattacittà àyatike bhavasmiü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÜÜÜ irregular te khãõabãjà aviråëhicchandà, 3 ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ nibbanti dhãrà yathàyam-padãpo - ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ idam-pi saïghe ratanaü paõãtaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ etena saccena suvatthi hotu! [14] ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni4 và yàni va antalikkhe, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathàgataü devamanussapåjitaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ buddhaü namassàma suvatthi hotu! [15] 1 Metre: we need to read pañhamasmœü, m.c. to regularize the cadence. 2 CBhp: adesayi 3 Metre: we need to read aviråëhichandà, m.c. to regularize the cadence. 4 PPV2: bhåmmàni, similarly for the verses that follow 297 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va antalikkhe, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathàgataü devamanussapåjitaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhammaü namassàma suvatthi hotu! [16] ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ yànãdha bhåtàni samàgatàni, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ bhummàni và yàni va antalikkhe, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã tathàgataü devamanussapåjitaü ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ saïghaü namassàma suvatthi hotu! [17] 9: Karaõãyamettasuttaü yassànubhàvato yakkhà neva dassenti bhiüsanaü, yamhi ve cànuyuÿjanto1 rattiü divam-antandito2 sukhaü supati sutto ca pàpaü kiÿci na passati - evam-àdiguõopetam, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛ,ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ karaõãyam-atthakusalena, yan-taü3 santaü padaü abhisamecca: ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÛÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ sakko ujå ca såjå ca, suvaco cassa mudu anatimànã, [1] ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ santussako ca subharo ca, appakicco ca sallahukavutti, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ santindriyo ca nipako ca, appagabbho kulÕsu ananugiddho, 4 [2] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ hypermetric na ca khuddaü samàcare kiÿci yena viÿÿå pare upavadeyyuü. ÛÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ ßsukhino và khÕmino hontu, sabbe sattà bhavantu sukhitattà! [3] 1 CBhp: yamhã ve càyunuÿjanto, MPP: yamhi ce vànuyuÿjanto 2 CBhp: rattiü divam-atamandito 3 PPV2: yaü taü 4 Metre: ga-la markings in red indicate that a syllable has been taken as light m.c., against its normal weight. 298 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÛÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ irregular ye keci pàõabhåtatthi1 - tasà và thàvarà và anavasesà, 2 ÜÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÜÐÜ irregular dãghà và ye mahantà và, majjhimà rassakàõukathålà, 3 [4] ÜÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ diññhà và ye ca addiññhà, ye ca dåre vasanti avidåre,4 ÜÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ,ÜÜÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ bhåtà và sambhavesã và - sabbe sattà bhavantu sukhitattà!û [5] ÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ na paro paraü nikubbetha, nàtimaÿÿetha katthaci nÏü kaÿci, ÜÜÐÜÛÛÐÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ byàrosanà pañighasaÿÿà nàÿÿam-aÿÿassa dukkham-iccheyya. 5 [6] ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ màtà yathà niyaü puttaü àyusà ekaputtam-anurakkhe, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ evam-pi sabbabhåtesu mànasaü bhàvaye aparimàõaü, [7] ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ mettaÿ-ca sabbalokasmiü mànasaü bhàvaye aparimàõaü, ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÛ,ÛÜÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÛÛÜÐÜ uddhaü adho ca tiriyaÿ-ca, asambàdhaü avÕraü asapattaü. [8] ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ, ÛÜÜÜÜÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÜ irregular tiññhaü caraü nisinno và, sayàno và yàvatassa vigatamiddho,6 ÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛ,ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÐÜ etaü satiü adhiññheyya, brahmam-etaü vihàrÏü idha-m-àhu. [9] ÜÜÛÛÛÛÜÛ, ÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÜ irregular diññhiÿ-ca anupagamma, sãlavà dassanena sampanno, 7 ÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÐÜÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÐÜÜÐÛÛÜÐÜ kàmÕsu vineyya gedhaü, na hi jàtu gabbhaseyyaü puna-r-etã ti. 8 [10] 1 CBhp, PPV2: -atthã 2 Metre: we need to read vÏ twice in this line m.c. 3 Metre: in the first half of the pàdayuga we need to read vÏ m.c. or possibly yÕ (the same comment applies to the following line also); in the second half we could read rassakàõukkathålà, with a doubling of the consonant m.c. 4 PPV2: avidure 5 Metre: read pañigàsaÿÿà m.c. 6 Metre: the second half of the pàdayuga is very irregular, and just how we should scan it is not clear. 7 Metre: it may be we should take the first half of the pàdayuga as a Siloka line showing the savipula. If it is Old Gãti it is very irregular. 8 Metre: this is a Classical Gãti line as it stands, with the caesura coinciding with the end of the first half of the pàdayuga. But the jagaõa (ÛÜÛ) in the second half of the pàdayuga is irregular, being in an odd gaõa instaead of an even one. 299 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü 10. Khandhaparittaü sabbàsivisajàtãnaü dibbamantàgadaü viya, yaü nàsesi visaü ghoraü sesaü càpi parissayaü. àõakkhettamhi1 sabbattha, sabbadà sabbapàõinaü, sabbaso pi vinàseti, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tena kho pana samayena sàvatthiyaü aÿÿataro bhikkhu ahinà daññho kàlakato hoti. atha kho sambahulà2 bhikkhå yena bhagavà tenupasaïkamiüsu, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. ekam-antaü nisinnà kho te bhikkhå bhagavantaü etad-avocuü: ßidha bhante sàvatthiyaü, aÿÿataro bhikkhu ahinà daññho kàlakatoû ti. ßna ha nåna so bhikkhave bhikkhu cattàri ahiràjakulàni mettena cittena phari. sace hi so bhikkhave bhikkhu cattàri ahiràjakulàni mettena cittena phareyya na hi so bhikkhave bhikkhu ahinà daññho kàlaü kareyya. katamàni cattàri ahiràjakulàni? viråpakkhaü ahiràjakulaü, eràpathaü ahiràjakulaü, chabyàputtaü ahiràjakulaü, kaõhàgotamakaü ahiràjakulam. na ha nåna so bhikkhave bhikkhu imàni cattàri ahiràjakulàni mettena cittena phari. sace hi so bhikkhave bhikkhu imàni cattàri ahiràjakulàni mettena cittena phareyya, na hi so bhikkhave bhikkhu ahinà daññho kàlaü kareyya. anujànàmi bhikkhave, imàni cattàri ahiràjakulàni mettena cittena pharituü, attaguttiyà attarakkhàya attaparittàyàû ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, idaü vatvà sugato athàparaü etad-avoca satthà: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßviråpakkhehi me mettaü, mettaü eràpathehi me, 3 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ chabyàputtehi me mettaü, mettaü kaõhàgotamakehi ca. [1]4 1 CBhp: àõàkhettamhi 2 PPV2: sabbahulà ?? 3 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 4 Metre: the second half of this pàdayuga is hypermetric by 2 syllables, it may be we should exclude mettaü m.c. 300 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ apàdakehi me mettaü, mettaü dipàdakehi me, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ catuppadehi1 me mettaü, mettaü bahuppadehi me. [2] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mà maü apàdako hiüsi, mà maü hiüsi dipàdako, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mà maü catuppado hiüsi, mà maü hiüsi bahuppado. [3] ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipula sabbe sattà, sabbÕ pàõà, sabbe bhåtà ca kevalà, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbe bhadràni passantu, mà kaÿci pàpam-àgamà. [4] appamàõo buddho! appamàõo dhammo! appamàõo saïgho! pamàõavantàni siriüsapàni, ahivicchikà, satapadã, uõõànàbhi, sarabhå, måsikà. katà me rakkhà, katà me parittà, pañikkamantu bhåtàni! sohaü namo bhagavato, namo sattannaü sammàsambuddhànanû-ti. 11: Mettànisaüsasuttaü2 aggikkhandhopamaü sutvà jàtasaüvegabhikkhunaü assàdatthàya desesi yaü parittaü mahàmuni. sabbalokahitatthàya parittaü tam bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tatra kho bhagavà bhikkhå àmantesi: ßbhikkhavo!û ti, ßbhadante!û ti te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: ßmettàya bhikkhave cetovimuttiyà, àsevitàya, bhàvitàya, bahulãkatàya, yànãkatàya,3 vatthukatàya, anuññhitàya, paricitàya, susamàraddhàya, ekàdasànisaüsà pàñikaïkhà. katame ekàdasa? 1. sukhaü supati, 2. sukhaü pañibujjhati, 3. na pàpakaü supinaü passati, 4. manussànaü piyo hoti, 5. amanussànaü piyo hoti, 6. devatà rakkhanti, 1 CBhp: catuppàdehi 2 CBhp: Mettàsuttaü 3 CBhp: yànikatàya 301 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü 7. nàssa aggi và visaü và satthaü và kamati, 1 8. tuvataü cittaü samàdhiyati, 9. mukhavaõõo vippasãdati, 10. asammåëho kàlaü karoti, 11. uttariü appañivijjhanto brahmalokåpago hoti. mettàya bhikkhave cetovimuttiyà, àsevitàya, bhàvitàya,2 bahulãkatàya, yànãkatàya,3 vatthukatàya, anuññhitàya, paricitàya, susamàraddhàya, ime ekàdasànisaüsà pàñikaïkhàû ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, attamanà te bhikkhå bhagavato bhàsitaü abhinandun-ti. 12: Mittànisaüsaü4 pårento bodhisambhàre nàtho temiyajàtiyaü mittànisaüsaü yaü àha sunandaü nàma sàrathiü. sabbalokahitatthàya parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula pahåtabakkho bhavati vippavuttho sakà gharà, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà bahå naü upajãvanti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati.5 [1] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü yaü janapadaü yàti, nigame ràjadhàniyo, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbattha påjito hoti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [2] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula nàssa corà pasahanti, nàtimaÿÿeti khattiyo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula sabbe amitte tarati, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [3] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ akkudho sagharaü eti, sabhàya pañinandito, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ÿàtãnaü uttamo hoti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [4] 1 PPV2: tuvañaü 2 CBhp: omit bhàvitàya (presumably by mistake) 3 CBhp: yànikatàya 4 CBhp: Mettànisaüsaü, PPV: Mittànisaüsasuttaü 5 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 302 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sakkatvà sakkato hoti, garu hoti sagàravo, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vaõõakittibhato hoti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [5] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ påjako labhate påjaü, vandako pañivandanaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaso kittiÿ-ca pappoti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [6] ÜÛÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula aggi yathà pajjalati, devatà va virocati, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ siriyà ajahito hoti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [7] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ gàvo tassa pajàyanti, khette vuttaü viråhati, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula puttànaü phalam-asnàti, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [8] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ darito pabbatàto và, rukkhato patito naro, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula cuto patiññhaü labhati, yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [9] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ viråëhamålasantànaü nigrodham-iva màluto, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula amittà nappasahanti yo mittànaü na dåbhati. [10] 13. Moraparittaü pårento bodhisambhàre nibbato morayoninaü. yena saüvihitàrakkhaü mahàsattaü vane carà cirassaü vàyamantà pi, neva sakkhiüsu gaõhituü. ßbrahmamantanû-ti akkhàtaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha1 ßudetayaü cakkhumà ekaràjà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ harissavaõõo pañhavippabhàso, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÜÜ irregular2 taü taü namassàmi harissavaõõaü pañhavippabhàsaü, 1 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as Tuññhubha unless otherwise indicated. 2 This line is hypermetric through the repetition of pañhavippabhàsaü, which has probably arisen through imitation of the preceding line. 303 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÛÛÜ1 tayajja guttà viharemu divasaü. [1] ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ye bràhmaõà vedagå sabbadhamme ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ te me namo - te ca maü pàlayantu! ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 2 namatthu buddhànaü! namatthu bodhiyà! ÛÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ namo vimuttànaü! namo vimuttiyà!û2 ÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular imaü so parittaü katvà moro carati esanà. [2] 14: Candaparittaü ràhunà3 gahito cando, mutto yassànubhàvato, sabbaveribhayaü nàsaü parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tena kho pana samayena candimà devaputto ràhunà asurindena gahito hoti. atha kho candimà devaputto bhagavantaü anussaramàno, tàyaü velàyaü imaü gàthaü abhàsi: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßnamo te buddhavãratthu, vippamuttosi sabbadhi!4 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sambàdhapañipannosmi tassa me saraõaü bhavàû ti. [1] atha kho bhagavà candimaü devaputtaü àrabbha ràhuü asurindaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula ßtathàgataü arahantaü, candimà saraõaü gato, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ràhu candaü pamuÿcassu! buddhà lokànukampakàû ti. [2] atha kho ràhu asurindo candimaü devaputtaü muÿcitvà, taramànaråpo yena vepacitti asurindo tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà saüviggo lomahaññhajàto, ekam-antaü aññhàsi. ekam-antaü ñhitaü kho ràhuü asurindaü vepacitti asurindo gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: 1 Note the very unusual resolution in this line at the 10th syllable. 2 Metre: the last 2 lines both show the unusual heavy 6th syllable. 3 PPV, PPV2: ràhuno 4 PPV: sabbadhã; Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 304 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßkin-nu santaramàno va ràhu candaü pamuÿcasi? ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula saüviggaråpo àgamma kin-nu bhãto va tiññhasã?û ti. [3] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßsattadhà me phale muddhà, jãvanto na sukhaü labhe, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ - buddhagàthàbhigãtomhi - no ce muÿceyya candimanû-ti. [4] 15: Suriyaparittaü suriyo ràhugahito, mutto yassànubhàvato, sabbaveribhayaü nàsaü parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tena kho pana samayena suriyo devaputto ràhunà asurindena gahito hoti. atha kho suriyo devaputto bhagavantaü anussaramàno, tàyaü velàyaü imaü gàthaü abhàsi: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te buddhavãratthu, vippamuttosi sabbadhi!1 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sambàdhapañipannosmi tassa me saraõaü bhavàû ti. [1] atha kho bhagavà suriyaü devaputtaü àrabbha ràhuü asurindaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: ÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula ßtathàgataü arahantaü, suriyo saraõaü gato, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ràhu suriyaü pamuÿcassu! buddhà lokànukampakà.2 [2] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã yo andhakàre tamasã pabhaïkaro, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 3 verocano maõóalã uggatejo, ÜÜÛÛÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ mà ràhu gilã caraü antalikkhe!3 ÛÜÛÛ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ pajaü mama ràhu pamuÿca suriyan!û-ti, [3] atha kho ràhu asurindo suriyaü devaputtaü muÿcitvà, taramànaråpo yena vepacitti asurindo tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà saüviggo lomahaññhajàto, ekam-antaü aññhàsi. ekam-antaü ñhitaü kho ràhuü asurindaü vepacitti asurindo gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: 1 PPV: sabbadhã; Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 2 MPP, PPV, PPV2: lokànukampakà ti 3 Metre: the opening in this line is irregular. 305 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßkin-nu santaramàno va ràhu suriyaü pamuÿcasi? ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula saüviggaråpo àgamma kin-nu bhãto va tiññhasã?û ti. [4] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßsattadhà me phale muddhà, jãvanto na sukhaü labhe, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜ - buddhagàthàbhigãtomhi - no ce muÿceyya suriyanû-ti.1 [5] 16: Dhajaggaparittaü yassànussaraõenàpi antalikkhe pi pàõino patiññham-adhigacchanti, bhåmiyaü2 viya sabbathà. sabbåpaddavajàlamhà yakkhacoràrisambhavà, gaõanà na ca muttànaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tatra kho bhagavà bhikkhå àmantesi: ßbhikkhavo!û ti, ßbhadante!û ti te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: ßbhåtapubbaü bhikkhave devàsurasaïgàmo samåpabbåëho ahosi. atha kho bhikkhave sakko devànamindo deve tàvatiüse àmantesi: ßsace màrisà devànaü saïgàmagatànaü uppajjeyya bhayaü và chambhitattaü và lomahaüso và, mameva tasmiü samaye dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha. mamaü hi vo dhajaggaü ullokayataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và, lomahaüso và so pahãyissati. no ce me dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha, atha pajàpatissa devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha. pajàpatissa hi vo devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và, lomahaüso và so pahãyissati. no ce pajàpatissa devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha, atha varuõassa devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha. varuõassa hi vo devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và, lomahaüso và, so pahãyissati. no ce varuõassa devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha, atha ãsànassa devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokeyyàtha. ãsànassa hi vo devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và, lomahaüso và so pahãyissati. taü kho pana bhikkhave sakkassa và devànamindassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü, 1 Metre: the cadence in this line is incorrect, we should probably read såriyan, m.c. and also count the sarabhatti vowel towards the metre. 2 CBhp: bhåmiyà 306 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü pajàpatissa và devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü,1 varuõassa và devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü, ãsànassa và devaràjassa dhajaggaü ullokayataü, yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và lomahaüso và, so pahãyethàpi no pi pahãyetha. taü kissa hetu? sakko bhikkhave devànamindo avãtaràgo avãtadoso avãtamoho, bhãrucchambhi utràsi palàyi.2 ahaÿ-ca kho bhikkhave evaü vadàmi: sace tumhàkaü bhikkhave araÿÿagatànaü và, rukkhamålagatànaü và, suÿÿàgàragatànaü và, uppajjeyya bhayaü và chambhitattaü và lomahaüso và, mameva tasmiü samaye anussareyyàtha: ßiti pi so bhagavà arahaü sammàsambuddho, vijjàcaraõasampanno sugato lokavidå,3 anuttaro purisadammasàrathã, satthà devamanussànaü buddho bhagavàû ti. mamaü hi vo bhikkhave anussarataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và lomahaüso và so pahãyissati. no ce maü anussareyyàtha, atha dhammaü anussareyyàtha: ßsvàkkhàto bhagavatà dhammo, sandiññhiko, akàliko, ehipassiko, opanayiko, paccattaü veditabbo viÿÿåhãû ti. dhammaü hi vo bhikkhave anussarataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và lomahaüso và so pahãyissati. no ce dhammaü anussareyyàtha, atha saïghaü anussareyyàtha: ßsupañipanno bhagavato sàvakasaïgho, ujupañipanno bhagavato sàvakasaïgho, ÿàyapañipanno bhagavato sàvakasaïgho, sàmãcipañipanno bhagavato sàvakasaïgho, yad-idaü cattàri purisayugàni aññha purisapuggalà, esa bhagavato sàvakasaïgho, àhuneyyo, pàhuneyyo, dakkhiõeyyo, aÿjalikaranãyo, anuttaraü puÿÿakkhettaü lokassàû ti. saïghaü hi vo bhikkhave anussarataü yaü bhavissati bhayaü và chambhitattaü và lomahaüso và so pahãyissati. taü kissa hetu? tathàgato bhikkhave arahaü sammàsambuddho, vãtaràgo, vãtadoso, vãtamoho, abhãru acchambhi4 anutràsi apalàyãû ti. 1 PPV2: this line is missing in this edition, by mistake. 2 MPP: bhãrucchambhã utràsi palàyã ti, PPV, PPV2: palàyã ti 3 PPV2: lokavidu 4 MPP: acchambhã 307 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Pañhamakabhàõavàraü idam-avoca bhagavà, idaü vatvà sugato athàparaü etad-avoca satthà: ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßaraÿÿe rukkhamåle và, suÿÿàgàre va bhikkhavo,1 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ anussaretha sambuddhaü, bhayaü tumhàka' no siyà. [1] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ no ce buddhaü sareyyàtha, lokajeññhaü naràsabhaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ atha dhammaü sareyyàtha, niyyànikaü sudesitaü. [2] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ no ce dhammaü sareyyàtha, niyyànikaü sudesitaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ atha saïghaü sareyyàtha, puÿÿakkhettaü anuttaraü. [3] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ evaü buddhaü sarantànaü, dhammaü saïghaÿ-ca bhikkhavo, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhayaü và chambhitattaü và, lomahaüso na hessatãû ti.2 [4] Pañhamakabhàõavàraü niññhitaü3 1 Metre: all lines in this sutta are in the pathyà form of the Siloka metre. 2 MPP: hessati, omit ti 3 MPP, CBhp, PPV2: Pañhamakabhàõavàraü (omit niññhitaü). 308 Dutiyakabhàõavàraü 17: Mahàkassapattherabojjhaïgaü1 yaü mahàkassapatthero, parittaü munisantikà2 sutvà tasmiü khaõe yeva ahosi nirupaddavo. bojjhaïgabalasaüyuttaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà ràjagahe viharati veëuvane kalandakanivàpe. tena kho pana samayena àyasmà mahàkassapo pipphalãguhàyaü3 viharati, àbàdhiko dukkhito bàëhagilàno. atha kho bhagavà sàyanhasamayaü patisallànà vuññhito, yenàyasmà mahàkassapo tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà paÿÿatte àsane nisãdi. nisajja kho bhagavà àyasmantaü mahàkassapaü etad-avoca: ßkacci te kassapa khamanãyaü? kacci yàpanãyaü? kacci dukkhà vedanà pañikkamanti no abhikkamanti? pañikkamosànaü paÿÿàyati no abhikkamo?û ti ßna me bhante khamanãyaü na yàpanãyaü, bàëhà me dukkhà vedanà abhikkamanti no pañikkamanti, abhikkamosànaü paÿÿàyati no pañikkamoû ti. ßsattime kassapa bojjhaïgà mayà sammad-akkhàtà, bhàvità bahulãkatà abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattanti. katame satta? 1. satisambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 2. dhammavicayasambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 3. viriyasambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 4. pãtisambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 5. passaddhisambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 6. samàdhisambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 1 PPV, PPV2: -bojjhangaparittaü 2 PPV, PPV2: munisantikaü 3 PPV, PPV2: pipphaliguhàyaü Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü 7. upekkhàsambojjhaïgo kho kassapa mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. ime kho kassapa satta bojjhaïgà mayà sammad-akkhàtà, bhàvità bahulãkatà abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattantãû ti.1 ßtaggha bhagava bojjhaïgà! taggha sugata bojjhaïgà!û ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, attamano àyasmà mahàkassapo bhagavato bhàsitaü abhinandi, vuññhàhi2 càyasmà mahàkassapo tamhà àbàdhà, tathà pahãno càyasmato mahàkassapassa so àbàdho ahosã ti. 18: Mahàmoggallànattherabojjhaïgaü3 moggallàno pi thero yaü, parittaü munisantikà4 sutvà tasmiü khaõe yeva ahosi nirupaddavo. bojjhaïgabalasaüyuttaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà ràjagahe viharati veëuvane kalandakanivàpe. tena kho pana samayena àyasmà mahàmoggallàno gijjhakåñe pabbate viharati, àbàdhiko dukkhito bàëhagilàno. atha kho bhagavà sàyanhasamayaü patisallànà vuññhito, yenàyasmà mahàmoggallàno tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà paÿÿatte àsane nisãdi. nisajja kho bhagavà àyasmantaü mahàmoggallànaü etad-avoca: ßkacci te moggallàna khamanãyaü? kacci yàpanãyaü? kacci dukkhà vedanà pañikkamanti no abhikkamanti? pañikkamosànaü paÿÿàyati no abhikkamo?û ti ßna me bhante khamanãyaü na yàpanãyaü, bàëhà me dukkhà vedanà abhikkamanti no pañikkamanti, abhikkamosànaü paÿÿàyati no pañikkamoû ti. ßsattime moggallàna bojjhaïgà mayà sammad-akkhàtà, bhàvità bahulãkatà abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattanti. katame satta? 1. satisambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 2. dhammavicayasambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 3. viriyasambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 1 MPP, PPV2: saüvattanti, omit ti 2 CBhp, MPP, PPV2: uññhàhi 3 PPV, PPV2: -bojjhangaparittaü 4 PPV, PPV2: munisantikaü 310 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü 4. pãtisambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 5. passaddhisambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 6. samàdhisambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 7. upekkhàsambojjhaïgo kho moggallàna mayà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. ime kho moggallàna satta bojjhaïgà mayà sammad-akkhàtà, bhàvità bahulãkatà abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattantãû ti.1 ßtaggha bhagava bojjhaïgà! taggha sugata bojjhaïgà!û ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, attamano àyasmà mahàmoggallàno bhagavato bhàsitaü abhinandi, vuññhàhi2 càyasmà mahàmoggallàno tamhà àbàdhà, tathà pahãno càyasmato mahàmoggallànassa so àbàdho ahosã ti. 19: Mahàcundattherabojjhaïgaü3 bhagavà lokanàthoyaü, cundattherassa santikà sutvà tasmiü khaõe yeva ahosi nirupaddavo. bojjhaïgabalasaüyuttaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà ràjagahe viharati veëuvane kalandakanivàpe. tena kho pana samayena bhagavà àbàdhiko hoti dukkhito bàëhagilàno. atha kho àyasmà mahàcundo sàyanhasamayaü patisallànà vuññhito, yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdi. ekam-antaü nissinaü kho àyasmantaü mahàcundaü bhagavà etad-avoca: ßpañibhantu taü cunda bojjhaïgàû ti. ßsattime bhante bojjhaïgà bhagavatà sammad-akkhàtà, bhàvità bahulãkatà abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattanti. katame satta? 1. satisambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 2. dhammavicayasambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 1 MPP, PPV, PPV2: saüvattanti, omit ti 2 CBhp: uññhàhi 3 MPP: -bojjhango, PPV, PPV2: -bojjhangaparittaü 311 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü 3. viriyasambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 4. pãtisambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 5. passaddhisambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 6. samàdhisambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 7. upekkhàsambojjhaïgo kho bhante bhagavatà sammad-akkhàto, bhàvito bahulãkato abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. ime kho bhante satta bojjhaïgà bhagavatà sammad-akkhàtà, bhàvità bahulãkatà abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattantãû ti.1 ßtaggha cunda bojjhaïgà! taggha cunda bojjhaïgà!û ti. idam-avoca àyasmà mahàcundo, samanuÿÿo satthà ahosi, vuññhàhi ca bhagavà tamhà àbàdhà, tathà pahãno ca bhagavato so àbàdho ahosã ti. 20: Girimànandasuttaü thero yaü girimànando, ànandattherasantikà2 sutvà tasmiü khaõe yeva ahosi nirupaddavo. dasasaÿÿåpasaüyuttaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. tena kho pana samayena àyasmà girimànando àbàdhiko hoti dukkhito bàëhagilàno. atha kho àyasmà ànando yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü nisãdi. ekam-antaü nisinno kho àyasmà ànando bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßàyasmà bhante girimànando àbàdhiko3 dukkhito bàëhagilàno. sàdhu bhante bhagavà yenàyasmà girimànando tenupasaïkamatu, anukampaü upàdàyàû ti. ßsace kho tvaü ànanda girimànandassa bhikkhuno upasaïkamitvà, dasasaÿÿà bhàseyyàsi, ñhànaü kho panetaü vijjati yaü girimànandassa bhikkhuno dasasaÿÿà sutvà so àbàdho ñhànaso pañippassambheyya. katamà dasa? 1 MPP, PPV: saüvattanti, omit ti 2 PPV, PPV2: santike 3 CBhp: àbàdhiko hoti 312 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü 1. aniccasaÿÿà, 2. anattasaÿÿà, 3. asubhasaÿÿà, 4. àdãnavasaÿÿà, 5. pahànasaÿÿà, 6. viràgasaÿÿà, 7. nirodhasaÿÿà, 8. sabbaloke anabhiratasaÿÿà, 9. sabbasaïkhàresu aniccasaÿÿà, 10. ànàpànasati. 1. katamà c' ànanda aniccasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu araÿÿagato và, rukkhamålagato và, suÿÿàgàragato và, iti pañisaÿcikkhati: råpaü aniccaü vedanà aniccà saÿÿà aniccà saïkhàrà aniccà viÿÿàõaü aniccan-ti. iti imesu paÿcasupàdànakkhandhesu aniccànupassã viharati. ayaü vuccat' ànanda aniccasaÿÿà. 2. katamà c' ànanda anattasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu araÿÿagato và, rukkhamålagato và, suÿÿàgàragato và, iti pañisaÿcikkhati: cakkhuü anattà - råpà1 anattà sotaü anattà - saddà anattà ghàõaü anattà - gandhà anattà jivhà anattà - rasà anattà kàyo anattà - phoññhabbà anattà mano anattà - dhammà anattà ti. iti imesu chasu ajjhattikabàhiresu àyatanesu anattànupassã viharati. ayaü vuccat' ànanda anattasaÿÿà. 3. katamà c' ànanda asubhasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu imam-eva kàyaü - uddhaü pàdatalà, adho kesamatthakà, tacapariyantaü, påraü nànappakàrassa asucino - paccavekkhati - atthi imasmiü kàye: 1 CBhp, MPP, PPV2: råpaü 313 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü kesà, lomà, nakhà, dantà, taco, maüsaü, nahàru, aññhi, aññhimiÿjà,1 vakkaü, hadayaü, yakanaü, kilomakaü, pihakaü, papphàsaü, antaü, antaguõaü, udariyaü, karãsaü, pittaü, semhaü, pubbo, lohitaü, sedo, medo, assu, vasà, kheëo, siïghànikà, lasikà, muttan-ti. iti imasmiü kàye asubhànupassã viharati. ayaü vuccat' ànanda asubhasaÿÿà. 4. katamà c' ànanda àdãnavasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu araÿÿagato và, rukkhamålagato và, suÿÿàgàragato và, iti pañisaÿcikkhati: bahu dukkho kho ayaü kàyo bahu àdãnavo, iti imasmiü kàye vividhà àbàdhà uppajjanti, seyyathãdaü: cakkhurogo, sotarogo, ghàõarogo, jivhàrogo, kàyarogo, sãsarogo, kaõõarogo, mukharogo, dantarogo, kàso, sàso, pinàso, óaho, jaro, kucchirogo, mucchà, pakkhandikà,2 sålà, visåcikà, kuññhaü, gaõóo, kilàso, soso, apamàro, daddu, kaõóu, kacchu, rakhasà,3 vitacchikà, lohitapittaü, madhumeho, aüsà, piëakà, bhagandalà, pittasamuññhànà àbàdhà, semhasamuññhànà àbàdhà, vàtasamuññhànà àbàdhà, sannipàtikà àbàdhà, utupariõàmajà àbàdhà, visamaparihàrajà àbàdhà,4 opakkamikà àbàdhà, kammavipàkajà àbàdhà, sãtaü, uõhaü, jighacchà, pipàsà, uccàro, passàvo ti. iti imasmiü kàye àdãnavànupassã viharati. ayaü vuccat' ànanda àdãnavasaÿÿà. 5. katamà c' ànanda pahànasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu uppannaü kàmavitakkaü nàdhivàseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantãkaroti, anabhàvaü gameti. uppannaü vyàpàdavitakkaü nàdhivàseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantãkaroti, anabhàvaü gameti. 5uppannaü vihiüsàvitakkaü nàdhivàseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantãkaroti, anabhàvaü gameti. 1 CBhp: aññhi-miÿjaü 2 MPP: pakkandikà 3 CBhp: nakhasà 4 PPV2: the words visamaparihàrajà àbàdhà are missing, printer's error. 5 CBhp: omits this and the following line, printer's error. 314 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü uppannuppanne pàpake akusale dhamme nàdhivàseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantãkaroti, anabhàvaü gameti. ayaü vuccat' ànanda pahànasaÿÿà. 6. katamà c' ànanda viràgasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu araÿÿagato và, rukkhamålagato và, suÿÿàgàragato và, iti pañisaÿcikkhati: etaü santaü, etaü paõãtaü, yad-idaü: sabbasaïkhàrasamatho, sabbåpadhipañinissaggo, taõhakkhayo, viràgo, nibbànan-ti. ayaü vuccat' ànanda viràgasaÿÿà. 7. katamà c' ànanda nirodhasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu araÿÿagato và, rukkhamålagato và, suÿÿàgàragato và, iti pañisaÿcikkhati: etaü santaü, etaü paõãtaü, yad-idaü: sabbasaïkhàrasamatho, sabbåpadhipañinissaggo, taõhakkhayo, nirodho, nibbànan-ti. ayaü vuccat' ànanda nirodhasaÿÿà. 8. katamà c' ànanda sabbaloke anabhiratasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu ye loke upàyupàdànà cetaso adhiññhànàbhinivesànusayà, te pajahanto, viramati, na upàdiyanto.1 ayaü vuccat' ànanda sabbaloke anabhiratasaÿÿà. 9. katamà c' ànanda sabbasaïkhàresu aniccasaÿÿà? idh' ànanda bhikkhu sabbasaïkhàrehi2 aññãyati, haràyati, jigucchati. 1 CBhp: pajahanto viharati anupàdiyanto 2 CBhp: sabbasankhàresu 315 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü ayaü vuccat' ànanda sabbasaïkhàresu aniccasaÿÿà. 10. katamà c' ànanda ànàpànasati? idh' ànanda bhikkhu araÿÿagato và, rukkhamålagato và, suÿÿàgàragato và, nisãdati. pallaïkaü àbhujitvà, ujuü kàyaü paõidhàya, parimukhaü satiü upaññhapetvà, so sato va assasati, sato passasati. dãghaü và assasanto ßdãghaü assasàmãû ti pajànàti, dãghaü và passasanto ßdãghaü passasàmãû ti pajànàti, rassaü và assasanto ßrassaü assasàmãû ti pajànàti, rassaü và passasanto ßrassaü passasàmãû ti pajànàti. sabbakàyapañisaüvedã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, sabbakàyapañisaüvedã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, passambhayaü kàyasaïkhàraü assasissàmã ti sikkhati, passambhayaü kàyasaïkhàraü passasissàmã ti sikkhati. pãtipañisaüvedã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, pãtipañisaüvedã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, sukhapañisaüvedã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, sukhapañisaüvedã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, cittasaïkhàrapañisaüvedã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, cittasaïkhàrapañisaüvedã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, passambhayaü cittasaïkhàraü assasissàmã ti sikkhati, passambhayaü cittasaïkhàraü passasissàmã ti sikkhati. cittapañisaüvedã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, cittapañisaüvedã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, abhippamodayaü cittaü assasissàmã ti sikkhati, abhippamodayaü cittaü passasissàmã ti sikkhati, samàdahaü cittaü assasissàmã ti sikkhati, samàdahaü cittaü passasissàmã ti sikkhati, vimocayaü cittaü assasissàmã ti sikkhati, vimocayaü cittaü passasissàmã ti sikkhati. aniccànupassã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, aniccànupassã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, viràgànupassã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, viràgànupassã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, nirodhànupassã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, nirodhànupassã passasissàmã ti sikkhati, pañinissaggànupassã assasissàmã ti sikkhati, pañinissaggànupassã passasissàmã ti sikkhati. ayaü vuccat' ànanda ànàpànasati. 316 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü sace kho tvaü ànanda girimànandassa bhikkhuno upasaïkamitvà, imà dasasaÿÿà bhàseyyàsi, ñhànaü kho panetaü vijjati yaü girimànandassa bhikkhuno imà dasasaÿÿà sutvà so àbàdho ñhànaso pañippassambheyyàû ti. atha kho àyasmà ànando bhagavato santike imà dasasaÿÿà uggahetvà, yenàyasmà girimànando tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà àyasmato girimànandassa imà dasasaÿÿà abhàsi. atha kho àyasmato girimànandassa imà dasasaÿÿà sutvà so àbàdho ñhànaso pañippassambhi, vuññhàhi càyasmà girimànando tamhà àbàdhà, tathà pahãno ca panàyasmato girimànandassa so àbàdho ahosã ti. 21: Isigilisuttaü paccekabuddhanàmàni desentoyaü adesayã. anantabalasaüyuttaü, parittaü taü bhaõàmahe. evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà ràjagahe viharati isigilismiü pabbate. tatra kho bhagavà bhikkhå àmantesi: ßbhikkhavo!û ti, ßbhadante!û ti te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: ßpassatha no tumhe bhikkhave etaü vebhàraü pabbatan?û-ti. ßevaü bhante.û ßetassa pi kho bhikkhave vebhàrassa pabbatassa, aÿÿà va samaÿÿà ahosi aÿÿà paÿÿatti. passatha no tumhe bhikkhave etaü paõóavaü pabbatan?û-ti. ßevaü bhante.û ßetassa pi kho bhikkhave paõóavassa pabbatassa, aÿÿà va samaÿÿà ahosi aÿÿà paÿÿatti. passatha no tumhe bhikkhave etaü vepullaü pabbatan?û-ti. ßevaü bhante.û ßetassa pi kho bhikkhave vepullassa pabbatassa, aÿÿà va samaÿÿà ahosi aÿÿà paÿÿatti. passatha no tumhe bhikkhave etaü gijjhakåñaü pabbatan?û-ti. ßevaü bhante.û ßetassa pi kho bhikkhave gijjhakåñassa pabbatassa, aÿÿà va samaÿÿà ahosi aÿÿà paÿÿatti. passatha no tumhe bhikkhave imaü isigiliü pabbatan?û-ti. ßevaü bhante.û ßimassa pi1 kho bhikkhave isigilissa pabbatassa, esà va2 samaÿÿà ahosi esà paÿÿatti. 1 MPP: imassa hi 2 CBhp: omit va 317 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü bhåtapubbaü bhikkhave paÿcapaccekabuddhasatàni imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsino ahesuü. te imaü pabbataü pavisantà dissanti, paviññhà na dissanti. tam- enaü manussà disvà evam-àhaüsu: ßayaü pabbato ime isã gilatã ti - isigili,û isigilã- tveva samaÿÿà udapàdi. àcikkhissàmi bhikkhave paccekabuddhànaü nàmàni, kittayissàmi bhikkhave paccekabuddhànaü nàmàni, desissàmi bhikkhave paccekabuddhànaü nàmàni. taü suõàtha sàdhukaü manasikarotha bhàsissàmãû ti. ßevaü bhante,û ti kho te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: ßariññho nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho,1 imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. upariññho nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. tagarasikhã nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. yasassã nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. sudassano nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. piyadassã nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. gandhàro nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. piõóolo nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. upàsabho nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. nãto nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. tatho nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. sutavà nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. bhàvitatto nàma bhikkhave paccekasambuddho, imasmiü isigilismiü pabbate ciranivàsã ahosi. 1 PPV: paccekabuddho, here and in the following lines 318 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha ye sattasàrà anãghà1 niràsà,2 ÜÜÛ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ paccekam-evajjhagamuü subodhiü. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ tesaü visallànaü naruttamànaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ nàmàni me kittayato suõàtha: [1] ÛÜÜÛÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ irregular ariññho, upariññho, tagarasikhã, yasassã,3 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ sudassano, piyadassã ca buddho, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ Vedic opening gandhàro, piõóolo, upàsabho ca, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ nãto, tatho, sutavà, bhàvitatto, [2] ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ sumbho, subho, methulo, aññhamo ca, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ athassu megho, anãgho,4 sudàñho, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ paccekabuddhà bhavanettikhãõà. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ hiïgå ca hiïgo ca mahànubhàvà, [3] ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ dve jàlino munino, aññhako ca, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ atha kosalo buddho, atho subàhu, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ upanemiso, nemiso, santacitto, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ sacco, tatho, virajo, paõóito ca, [4] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kàl' åpakàlà, vijito, jito ca, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ aïgo ca païgo ca gutijjito ca, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ passã jahã upadhiü dukkhamålaü, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ aparàjito màrabalaü ajesi, [5] 1 PPV2: anighà 2 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as Tuññhubha unless otherwise indicated. 3 Metre: the opening of this line is hypermetric, and it is not easy to see how we could repair the metre in a satisfactory way. 4 CBhp: anigho 319 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜ extended satthà, pavattà, sarabhaïgo, lomahaüso, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 3 uccaïgamàyo, asito, anàsavo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ manomayo, mànacchido ca bandhumà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ tadàdhimutto, vimalo ca ketumà, [6] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ ketumbaràgo ca màtaïgÖ, ariyo, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 6 ath' accuto, accutagàmabyàmako, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ sumaïgalo, dabbilo, suppatiññhito, ÛÜÜ,ÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Vedic opening asayho, khemàbhirato ca sorato, [7] ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ dårannayo, saïgho atho pi uccayo, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ aparo munã sayho anomanikkamo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ ànandanando, upanandÖ dvàdasa, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜTuññhubha + Vedic opening bhàradvàjo antimadehadhàrã, [8] ÜÜÛÜÐÜÜ,ÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã bodhã, mahànàmo atho pi uttaro, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ kesã, sikhã, sundaro, bhàrÏdvàjo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ Jagatã x 2 tiss' åpatissà1 bhavabandhanacchidà, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜ upasãdarã, taõhacchido ca sãdarã, [9] ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ buddho ahå maïgalo vãtaràgo, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ usabhacchidà jàliniü2 dukkhamålaü, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ santaü padaü ajjhagam-åpanãto,3 ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ uposatho, sundaro, saccanàmo, [10] 1 PPV2: upatissà, probably a printer's error. 2 MPP: jàlinã 3 MPP, PPV: ajjhagaü åpanãto 320 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Dutiyakabhàõavàraü ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ extended jeto, jayanto, padumo, uppalo ca, ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ padumuttaro, rakkhito, pabbato ca, ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Vedic opening mànatthaddho, sobhito, vãtaràgo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kaõho ca buddho suvimuttacitto - [11] ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ ete ca aÿÿe ca mahànubhàvà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ paccekabuddhà bhavanettikhãõà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ te sabbasaïgàtigate mahesã,1 ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ parinibbute vandatha appameyyeû ti. [12] Dutiyakabhàõavàraü niññhitaü2 1 PPV2: mahesi 2 MPP, CBhp, PPV2: Dutiyakabhàõavàraü (omit niññhitaü). 321 Atirekàni Sattasuttàni1 22. Dhammacakkappavattanasuttaü namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa2 namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammàsambuddhassa evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà bàràõasiyaü viharati isipatane migadàye. tatra kho bhagavà paÿcavaggiye bhikkhå àmantesi: ßdveme bhikkhave antà pabbajitena na sevitabbà, yo càyaü: kàmesu kàmasukhallikànuyogo, hãno, gammo, pothujjaniko, anariyo, anatthasaühito; yo càyaü: attakilamathànuyogo, dukkho, anariyo, anatthasaühito. ete te bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma, majjhimà pañipadà tathàgatena abhisambuddhà, cakkhukaraõã, ÿàõakaraõã, upasamàya abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. katamà ca sà bhikkhave majjhimà pañipadà, tathàgatena abhisambuddhà, cakkhukaraõã, ÿàõakaraõã, upasamàya abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati? ayam-eva ariyo aññhaïgiko maggo, seyyathãdam: 1. sammàdiññhi 2. sammàsaïkappo 3. sammàvàcà 4. sammàkammanto 5. sammà-àjãvo 6. sammàvàyàmo 7. sammàsati 8. sammàsamàdhi. ayaü kho sà bhikkhave majjhimà pañipadà, tathàgatena abhisambuddhà, cakkhukaraõã, ÿàõakaraõã, upasamàya abhiÿÿàya sambodhàya nibbànàya saüvattati. 1. idaü kho pana bhikkhave dukkhaü ariyasaccaü: jàti pi dukkhà jarà pi dukkhà vyàdhi pi dukkho maraõam-pi dukkhaü appiyehi sampayogo dukkho piyehi vippayogo dukkho yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü saïkhittena paÿcupàdànakkhandhà dukkhà. 1 MPP, CBhp, PPV omit this section title 2 PPV2 omits namo tassa.... Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni 1 2. idaü kho pana bhikkhave dukkhasamudayaü ariyasaccaü: yà yaü taõhà ponobhavikà, nandiràgasahagatà, tatratatràbhinandinã, seyyathãdaü: kàmataõhà bhavataõhà vibhavataõhà. 2 3. idaü kho pana bhikkhave dukkhanirodhaü ariyasaccaü: yo tassà yeva taõhàya asesaviràganirodho - càgo, pañinissaggo, mutti, anàlayo. 4. idaü kho pana bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagàminã pañipadà ariyasaccaü: ayam-eva ariyo aññhaïgiko maggo, seyyathãdam: 1. sammàdiññhi 2. sammàsaïkappo 3. sammàvàcà 4. sammàkammanto 5. sammà-àjãvo 6. sammàvàyàmo 7. sammàsati 8. sammàsamàdhi. 1. ßidaü dukkhaü ariyasaccanû-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhaü ariyasaccaüû pariÿÿeyyan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhaü ariyasaccaüû pariÿÿàtan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. 2. ßidaü dukkhasamudayaü ariyasaccanû-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhasamudayaü ariyasaccaüû pahàtabban-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhasamudayaü ariyasaccaüû pahãnan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. 1 PPV: dukkhasamudayo, here and in similar places throughout 2 PPV: dukkhanirodho, here and in similar places throughout 323 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni 3. ßidaü dukkhanirodhaü ariyasaccanû-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhanirodhaü ariyasaccaüû sacchikàtabban-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi,1 àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhanirodhaü ariyasaccaüû sacchikatan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. 4. ßidaü dukkhanirodhagàminã pañipadà ariyasaccanû-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhanirodhagàminã pañipadà ariyasaccaüû hàvetabban-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. taü kho pan' ßidaü dukkhanirodhagàminã pañipadà ariyasaccaüû bhàvitan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuü udapàdi, ÿàõaü udapàdi, paÿÿà udapàdi, vijjà udapàdi, àloko udapàdi. yàva kãvaÿ-ca me bhikkhave imesu catusu ariya-saccesu - evaü tiparivaññaü dvàdasàkàraü - yathàbhåtaü ÿàõadassanaü na suvisuddhaü ahosi, neva tàvàhaü bhikkhave sadevake loke samàrake sabrahmake, sassamaõabràhmaõiyà pajàya sadevamanussàya, anuttaraü sammàsambodhiü abhisambuddho paccaÿÿàsiü. yato ca kho me bhikkhave imesu catusu ariyasaccesu - evaü tiparivaññaü dvàdasàkàraü - yathàbhåtaü ÿàõadassanaü suvisuddhaü ahosi, athàhaü bhikkhave sadevake loke samàrake sabrahmake sassamaõabràhmaõiyà pajàya sadevamanussàya, anuttaraü sammàsambodhiü abhisambuddho paccaÿÿàsiü. ÿàõaÿ-ca pana me dassanaü udapàdi: akuppà me cetovimutti ayam-antimà jàti natthi dàni punabbhavoû ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, attamanà paÿcavaggiyà bhikkhå bhagavato bhàsitaü abhinandun-ti. imasmiÿ-ca pana veyyàkaraõasmiü bhaÿÿamàne, àyasmato koõóaÿÿassa virajaü, vãtamalaü, dhammacakkhuü udapàdi: 1 PPV2: vijjà udapàdi is missing in this edition, printer's error. 324 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni yaü kiÿci samudayadhammaü, sabban-taü1 nirodhadhamman-ti. pavattite ca pana bhagavatà dhammacakke bhummà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. bhummànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà càtummahàràjikà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. càtummahàràjikà devànaü saddaü sutvà tàvatiüsà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. tàvatiüsànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà yàmà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. yàmànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà tusità devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. tusitànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà nimmàõaratã devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. nimmàõaratãnaü devànaü saddaü sutvà paranimmitavasavattino devà saddam- anussàvesuü: 1 PPV2: sabbaü taü 325 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. paranimmitavasavattãnaü devànaü saddaü sutvà brahmapàrisajjà devà saddam- anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. brahmapàrisajjànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà brahmapurohità devà saddam- anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. brahmapurohitànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà mahàbrahmà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. mahàbrahmànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà parittàbhà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. parittàbhànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà appamàõàbhà1 devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. 1 MPP, PPV2: appamàõabhà 326 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni appamàõàbhànaü1 devànaü saddaü sutvà àbhassarà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. àbhassarànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà parittasubhà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. parittasubhànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà appamàõasubhà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. appamàõasubhànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà subhakiõhakà2 devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. subhakiõhakànaü3 devànaü saddaü sutvà vehapphalà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. vehapphalànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà avihà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. 1 MPP, PPV2: appamàõabhànaü 2 CBhp: subhakiõõakà 3 CBhp: subhakiõõakànaü 327 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni avihànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà atappà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. atappànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà sudassà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. sudassànaü devànaü saddaü sutvà sudassã devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. sudassãnaü devànaü saddaü sutvà akiõiññhakà devà saddam-anussàvesuü: ßetaü bhagavatà bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasminû-ti. iti ha tena khaõena tena muhuttena, yàva brahmalokà saddo abbhuggaÿchi, ayaÿ-ca dasasahassã1 lokadhàtu saïkampi, sampakampi, sampavedhi, appamàõo ca uëàro obhàso loke pàtur-ahosi, atikkamma devànaü devànubhàvan-ti. atha kho bhagavà udànaü udànesi: ßaÿÿàsi vata bho koõóaÿÿo, aÿÿàsi vata bho koõóaÿÿoû ti. iti hidaü àyasmato koõóaÿÿassa aÿÿà koõóaÿÿo tveva nàmaü ahosã ti. 1 PPV2: -sahassi 328 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni 23: Mahàsamayasuttaü evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiü mahàvane mahatà bhikkhusaïghena saddhiü paÿcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi, dasahi ca lokadhàtåhi1 devatà yebhuyyena sannipatità honti bhagavantaü dassanàya bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. atha kho catunnaü suddhàvàsakàyikànaü devànaü etad-ahosi: ßayaü kho bhagavà sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiü mahàvane mahatà bhikkhusaïghena saddhiü paÿcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi, dasahi ca lokadhàtåhi2 devatà yebhuyyena sannipatità honti bhagavantaü dassanàya bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. yan-nåna mayam-pi yena bhagavà tenupasaïkameyyàma, upasaïkamitvà bhagavato santike paccekagàthaü bhàseyyàmàû ti. atha kho tà devatà seyyathà pi nàma balavà puriso sammiÿjitaü và bàhaü pasàreyya, pasàritaü và bàhaü sammiÿjeyya, evam-evaü suddhàvàsesu devesu antarahità bhagavato purato pàtur-ahesuü. atha kho tà devatà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà, ekam- antaü aññhaüsu. ekam-antaü ñhità kho ekà devatà bhagavato santike imaü gàthaü abhàsi: ÛÜÛÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Siloka savipula ßmahàsamayo pavanasmiü, devakàyà samàgatà, ÛÛÜÛÛÐÜÜÛÛÛÜ Mattacchandas ¨gatamha imaü dhammasamayaü3 ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÛÛÜÜÜ d¨kkhitàye aparàjitasaïghanû-ti. [1] atha kho aparà devatà bhagavato santike imaü gàthaü abhàsi: ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÜÛÜÜ Mattacchandas ßtatra bhikkhavo samàdahaüsu,4 ÜÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÛÜÜ cittamattano ujukaü akaüsu,5 ÜÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ sàrathãva nettàni gahetvà, ÜÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÛÜ indriyàni rakkhanti paõóitàû ti. [2] 1 CBhp: lokadhàtuhi 2 CBhp: lokadhàtuhi 3 Metre: these two lines are probably meant to be in Opacchandasaka metre, but it is difficult to find any satisfactory way of scanning the cadences. 4 Metre: the first 2 lines in this verse are in Opacchandasaka metre, with the syncopated opening; the 3rd line appears to a Vegavatã even line; the 4th is a Vetàlãya even line. 5 MPP, PPV, PPV2: ujukam-akaüsu 329 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni atha kho aparà devatà bhagavato santike imaü gàthaü abhàsi: ÜÛÜÛÐÜÜÛÛÜ Svàgatà ßchetv¨ khãl¨ü chetvà palighaü,1 ÜÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ indakh©laü åhacca-m-anejà, ÜÛÜÛÐÜÜÛÛÜ te caranti suddhà vimalà, ÛÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ cÏkkhumatà sudantà susunàgàû ti. [3] atha kho aparà devatà bhagavato santike imaü gàthaü abhàsi: ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha ßye keci buddhaü saraõaü gatàse ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÜ Mattacchandas na te gamissanti apàyaü.2 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜ pahàya mànusaü dehaü ÛÛÜÜÛÛÐÜÜÜÜ dÕvakàyaü paripåressantãû ti. [4] atha kho bhagavà bhikkhå àmantesi: ßyebhuyyena bhikkhave dasasu lokadhàtåsu devatà sannipatità tathàgataü dassanàya bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. ye pi te bhikkhave ahesuü atãtam-addhànaü arahanto, sammàsambuddhà, tesam-pi bhagavantànaü etaparamà yeva devatà sannipatità ahesuü seyyathà pi mayhaü etarahi. ye pi te bhikkhave bhavissanti anàgatam-addhànaü arahanto, sammàsambuddhà, tesam-pi bhagavantànaü etaparamà yeva devatà sannipatità bhavissanti seyyathà pi mayhaü etarahi. àcikkhissàmi bhikkhave devakàyànaü nàmàni, kittayissàmi bhikkhave devakàyànaü nàmàni, desissàmi3 bhikkhave devakàyànaü nàmàni. taü suõàtha sàdhukaü manasikarotha bhàsissàmãû ti. ßevaü bhanteû ti kho te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: 1 Metre: Warder (Introduction to Pàli pg 371), first idendified this metre as Svàgatà. To make it scan however requires making a number of adjustments. 2 CBhP: apàyabhåmiü. Metre: the metre is not at all clear in these lines; line b scans as a Vegavatã odd line (and so is in the wrong position here). The 3rd line scans as a pathyà variation of the Siloka metre. The last line appears to have a Mattacchandas opening, but the cadence is irredeemable! 3 PPV: desessàmi 330 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßsilokam-anukassàmi yattha bhummà tadassità:1 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ye sità girigabbharaü, pahitattà samàhità, [5] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ puthå2 sãhà va sallãnà, lomahaüsàbhisambhuno, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ odàtamanasà suddhà, vippasanna-m-anàvilàû. [6] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhiyyo3 paÿcasate ÿatvà vane kàpilavatthave, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tato àmantayã satthà sàvake sàsane rate: [7] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßdevakàyà abhikkantà, te vijànàtha bhikkhavo!û ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula te ca àtappam-akaruü, sutvà buddhassa sàsanaü, [8] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tesaü pàtur-ahå4 ÿàõaü, amanussànadassanaü - ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ appeke satam-addakkhuü, sahassaü atha sattatiü. [9] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sataü eke sahassànaü amanussànam-addasuü,5 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ appekenantam-addakkhuü disà sabbà phuñà ahå.6 [10] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taÿ-ca sabbaü abhiÿÿàya vavakkhitvàna7 cakkhumà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tato àmantayã satthà sàvake sàsane rate: [11] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßdevakàyà abhikkantà, te vijànàtha bhikkhavo!8 ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ye vohaü kittayissàmi giràhi anupubbaso. [12] 1 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 2 MPP, PPV2: puthu 3 PPV: bhãyyo 4 CBhp: ahu 5 CBhp: addaüsu 6 CBhp: ahu 7 CBhp: avekkhitvàna 8 PPV: bhikkhave 331 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÛÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula sattasahassà te yakkhà,1 bhummà kàpilavatthavà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto,2 vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [13] ÛÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula chasahassà hemavatà yakkhà nànattavaõõino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [14] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula sàtàgirà tisahassà yakkhà nànattavaõõino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [15] ÜÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ irregular iccete soëasasahassà yakkhà nànattavaõõino,3 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [16] ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula vessàmittà paÿcasatà yakkhà nànattavaõõino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [17] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula kumbhãro4 ràjagahiko, vepullassa nivesanaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula bhiyyo5 naü satasahassaü yakkhànaü payirupàsati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula kumbhãro ràjagahiko so pàga samitiü vanaü. [18] 1 PPV, MPP, PPV2: sattasahassà yakkhà 2 CBhp: jutimanto, and so throughout. 3 Metre: the first half of the pàdayuga is hypermetric by one syllable, something which often happens when it is not possible to fit numbers to the metre. 4 CBhp: kumbhiro, and two lines below 5 CBhp, PPV: bhãyyo 332 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ purimaÿ-ca disaü, ràjà dhataraññho taü1 pasàsati, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula gandhabbànaü àdhipati, mahàràjà yasassi so, [19] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [20] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dakkhiõaÿ-ca disaü, ràjà viråëho taü pasàsati, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula kumbhaõóànaü àdhipati, mahàràjà yasassi so, [21] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [22] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pacchimaÿ-ca disaü, ràjà viråpakkho taü pasàsati, ÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables + 9 syllables nàgànaü àdhipati, mahàràjà yasassi so, 2 [23] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [24] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ uttaraÿ-ca disaü, ràjà kuvero taü pasàsati, ÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables yakkhànaü àdhipati, mahàràjà yasassi so,3 [25] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [26] 1 CBhp: omit taü 2 Metre: the second half of the first pàdayuga is hypermetric by 1 syllable. The first half of the second is short by 1 syllable. cf. âñànàñiyasuttaü vs. 26, below. 3 Metre: The first half of this pàdayuga is short by 1 syllable. 333 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula purimaü disaü dhataraññho,1 dakkhiõena viråëhako, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pacchimena viråpakkho, kuvero uttaraü disaü. [27] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ cattàro te mahàràjà, samantà caturo disà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula daddallamànà aññhaüsu vane kàpilavatthave. [28] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tesaü màyàvino dàsà àgu2 vaÿcanikà sañhà: ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ màyà kuñeõóu veñeõóu, viñucca viñuóo saha, [29] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ candano kàmaseññho ca, kinnughaõóu nighaõóu ca, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ panàdo opamaÿÿo ca, devasåto ca màtalã, [30] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ cittaseno3 ca gandhabbo, nalo ràjà janesabho ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ àgu paÿcasikho ceva, timbarå suriyavaccasà. [31] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ete caÿÿe ca ràjàno, gandhabbà saha ràjubhi, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [32] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ athàgu nàbhasà nàgà,4 vesàlà saha tacchakà, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kambal' assatarà àgu, pàyàgà saha ÿàtibhi. [33] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yàmunà dhataraññhà5 ca àgu nàgà yasassino, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ eràvaõo mahànàgo, so pàga samitiü vanaü. [34] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 ye nàgaràje sahasà haranti ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ - dibbà dijà pakkhivisuddhacakkhå - 1 PPV2: puratthimena dhataraññho 2 CBhp: àguü, and so throughout 3 Although the grammer suggests that this is the name of one gandhabba, the commentary defines it as two. 4 CBhp: nàgasà nàgà 5 CBhp: dhataraññho 334 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ vehàsayà te vanam-ajjhapattà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÜÐÜÜÜÜ citrà supaõõà iti tesaü nàmàni.1 [35] ÛÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 abhayaü tadà nàgaràjànam-àsi, ÛÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ supaõõato khemam-akàsi buddho. ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ saõhàhi vàcàhi upavhayantà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ extended nàgà supaõõà saraõam-agaüsu buddhaü.2 [36] ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ jità vajirahatthena, samuddaü asurà sità, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhàtaro vàsavassete, 3 iddhimanto yasassino, [37] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kàlakaÿjà mahàbhiüsà, asurà dànaveghasà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vepacittã4 sucittã ca, pahàràdo namucã saha,5 [38] ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sataÿ-ca baliputtànaü, sabbe verocanàmakà. ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sannayhitvà baliü senaü ràhubhaddam-upàgamuü: ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßsamayo dàni bhaddante, bhikkhånaü samitaü vanaü.û [39] ÜÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula àpo ca devà pañhavã ca,6 tejo vàyo tad-àgamuü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ varuõà vàruõà devà, somo ca yasasà saha, [40] ÜÜÛÛÐÜÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tavipula mettàkaruõàkàyikà àgu devà yasassino.7 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dasete dasadhà kàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, [41] 1 Metre: the metre is wrong here, we could do with reading: citrà supaõõà ti tesaü n¨màni. 2 CBhp: saraõagamaüsu, and omit buddhaü, which is an attempt to repair the metre. However this is the extended form of the Tuññhubha, with resolution at the restart, so there is nothing to correct. 3 CBhp: vasavassete 4 MPP, PPV, PPV2: vepacitti 5 Metre: the second half of the pàdayuga is hypermetric by 1 syllable. 6 CBhp: omit 2nd ca 7 Metre: an instance of the rare tavipula. 335 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino. ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [42] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula veõhå devà1 sahalã ca asamà ca duve yamà. ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ candassåpanisà2 devà candam-àgu purakkhatvà.3 [43] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ suriyassåpanisà4 devà suriyam-àgu5 purakkhatvà, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nakkhattàni purakkhatvà,6 àgu mandavalàhakà. [44] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vasånaü vàsavo seññho, sakko pàga purindado. ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dasete dasadhà kàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, [45] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [46] ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ athàgu sahabhå devà, jalam-aggisikhàriva, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ariññhakà ca rojà ca ummàpupphanibhàsino. [47] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ varuõà sahadhammà ca, accutà ca anejakà, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ såleyyarucirà7 àgu; àgu8 vàsavanesino. [48] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dasete dasadhà kàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, 1 MPP, PPV, PPV2: veõhå ca devà 2 CBhp: candassupanisà 3 Metre: we have to count -tv- in purakkatvà as not making position here and in the following line. 4 CBhp, PPV2: suriyassupanisà 5 CBhp: -àguü 6 Metre: if we count -tv- as making position here, it is a Siloka line; if it doesn't make position (as above) then the vipulà is Anuññhubha. 7 CBhp, PPV2: suleyyarucirà 8 CBhp: àguü, which is probably an attempt to avoid two light syllables in the 2nd & 3rd positions of the pàdayuga. Also in verse 50 below. 336 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [49] ÛÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipula samànà mahàsamànà, mànusà mànusuttamà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ khióóàpadåsikà àgu; àgu1 manopadåsikà. [50] ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ athàgu harayo devà, ye ca lohitavàsino. ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha pàragà mahapàragà2 àgu devà yasassino. [51] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dasete dasadhà kàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [52] ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula sukkà karumhà3 aruõà àgu veghanasà saha. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula odàtagayhà pàmokkhà àgu devà vicakkhaõà. [53] ÛÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula sadàmattà hàragajà, missakà ca yasassino. ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ thanayaü àga pajjunno, yo disà abhivassati. [54] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dasete dasadhà kàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [55] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ khemiyà tusità yàmà, kaññhakà ca yasassino. ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ravipula lambãtakà làmaseññhà jotinàmà ca àsavà, [56] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ nimmàõaratino àgu; athàgu paranimmità. ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dasete dasadhà kàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, [57] 1 CBhp: àguü 2 CBhp: mahàpàragà 3 CBhp: karamhà 337 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iddhimanto, jutãmanto, vaõõavanto, yasassino, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ modamànà abhikkàmuü bhikkhånaü samitiü vanaü. [58] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula saññhete devanikàyà, sabbe nànattavaõõino, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nàmanvayena àgaÿchuü; ye caÿÿe sadisà saha: [59] ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula ßpavutthajàtiü akhilaü, oghatiõõam-anàsavaü, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ dakkhemoghataraü nàgaü, candaü va asitàtigaü. [60] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ subrahmà paramatto ca, puttà iddhimato saha. ÛÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula sanaïkumàro tisso ca so pàga samitiü vanaü. [61] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sahassaü brahmalokànaü mahàbrahmàbhitiññhati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ upapanno jutãmanto, bhismàkàyo yasassi so. [62] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ dasettha issarà àgu, paccekavasavattino, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tesaÿ-ca majjhato àga hàrito parivàrito. [63] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ te ca sabbe abhikkante, sa-inde deve sabrahmake,1 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ màrasenà abhikkàmi:2 passa kaõhassa mandiyaü! [64] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ßetha gaõhatha bandhatha, ràgena bandham-atthu ve,3 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ samantà parivàretha, mà vo muÿcittha koci naü!û [65] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ iti tattha mahàseno kaõhasenaü apesayã,4 ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pàõinà thalam-àhacca, saraü katvàna bheravaü, [66] 1 Metre: the second half of the pàdayuga is hypermetric by 1 syllable. 2 PPV: abhikkhamuü 3 CBhp: vo 4 CBhp: apesayi 338 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yathà pàvussako megho, thanayanto savijjuko - ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tadà so paccudàvatti, saïkuddho asayaüvasã. [67] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ taÿ-ca sabbaü abhiÿÿàya vavakkhitvàna cakkhumà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tato àmantayã satthà sàvake sàsane rate: [68] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßmàrasenà abhikkantà, te vijànàtha bhikkhavo!û ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula te ca àtappam-akaruü, sutvà buddhassa sàsanaü. ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vãtaràgehapakkàmuü,1 nesaü lomam-pi iÿjayuü!2 [69] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßsabbe vijitasaïgàmà, bhayàtãtà3 yasassino, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ modanti saha bhåtehi, sàvakà te jane sutàû ti. [70] 24: âlavakasuttaü evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà àlaviyaü viharati àlavakassa yakkhassa bhavane. atha kho àlavako yakkho yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßnikkhama samaõà!û ti, ßsàdhàvusoû ti bhagavà nikkhami. ßpavisa samaõà!û ti, ßsàdhàvusoû ti bhagavà pàvisi. dutiyam-pi kho àlavako yakkho bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßnikkhama samaõà!û ti, ßsàdhàvusoû ti bhagavà nikkhami. ßpavisa samaõà!û ti, ßsàdhàvusoû ti bhagavà pàvisi. tatiyam-pi kho àlavako yakkho bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßnikkhama samaõà!û ti, ßsàdhàvusoû ti bhagavà nikkhami. 1 CBhp: vãtaràgehipakkàmuü 2 CBhp: iÿjasuü 3 PPV: bhayàtità 339 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ßpavisa samaõà!û ti, ßsàdhàvusoû ti bhagavà pàvisi. catuttham-pi kho àlavako yakkho bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßnikkhama samaõà!û ti, ßna khvàhaü àvuso1 nikkhamissàmi, yaü te karaõãyaü taü karohãû ti. ßpaÿhaü taü samaõa pucchissàmi, sace me na vyàkarissasi, cittaü và te khipissàmi, hadayaü và te phàlessàmi, pàdesu và gahetvà pàragaïgàya khipissàmãû ti. ßna khvàhaü2 taü àvuso passàmi, sadevake loke samàrake sabrahmake, sassamaõabràhmaõiyà pajàya sadevamanussàya, yo me cittaü và khipeyya, hadayaü và phàleyya, pàdesu và gahetvà pàragaïgàya khipeyya. api ca tvaü àvuso puccha yad- àkaïkhasãû ti. atha kho àlavako yakkho bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßkiü sådha vittaü purisassa seññhaü? ÜÛÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kiü su suciõõo sukham-àvahàti? ÜÛÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ kiü su have sàdutaraü3 rasànaü? ÛÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Vedic opening kathaü jãviü jãvitam-àhu seññhan?û ti 4 [1] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ ßsaddhãdha vittaü purisassa seññhaü. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhammo suciõõo sukham-àvahàti. ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ saccaü have sàdutaraü rasànaü. ÜÜÜÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Vedic opening paÿÿàjãviü jãvitam-àhu seññhanû-ti. [2] ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßkathaü su taratã oghaü? kathaü su tarati5 aõõavaü?6 ÛÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula kathaü su dukkhaü acceti? kathaü su parisujjhati?û [3] 1 CBhp: nakkhvàhaü taü àvuso 2 CBhp: nakkhvàhaü 3 PPV, PPV2: sàdhutaraü, also in next verse 4 CBhp: omit ti, also in next verse 5 CBhp: arati 6 Metre: all lines from here on are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 340 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßsaddhàya taratã1 oghaü. appamàdena aõõavaü. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula viriyena dukkhaü acceti. paÿÿàya parisujjhati.û [4] ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßkathaü su labhate paÿÿaü? kathaü su vindate dhanaü? ÛÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula kathaü su kittiü pappoti? kathaü mittàni ganthati? ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ asmà lokà paraü lokaü kathaü pecca na socati?û [5] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula ßsaddahàno arahataü dhammaü nibbànapattiyà, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sussåsà labhate paÿÿaü, appamatto vicakkhaõo. [6] ÛÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula patiråpakàrã dhuravà, uññhàtà vindate dhanaü. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula saccena kittiü pappoti. dadaü mittàni ganthati. [7] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassete caturo dhammà saddhassa gharamesino: ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ saccaü, dhammo, dhitã,2 càgo, sa ve pecca na socati, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ asmà lokà paraü lokaü evaü pecca na socati.3 [8] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ iïgha aÿÿe pi pucchassu, puthå4 samaõabràhmaõe, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yadi saccà damà càgà khantyà bhiyyo na vijjati.û5 [9] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßkathan nu dàni puccheyyaü, puthå samaõabràhmaõe, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sohaü ajja pajànàmi yo attho6 samparàyiko? [10] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ atthàya vata me buddho vàsày' àlavim-àgamã.7 ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sohaü ajja pajànàmi yattha dinnaü mahapphalaü. [11] 1 CBhp: tarati 2 CBhp: dhiti 3 MPP: omits this line; PPV2: sa ve pecca. 4 MPP, PPV2: puthu, and in the reply below 5 PPV: bhãyyo na vijjatã; PPV2: bhãyyo na vijjati 6 CBhp, PPV: yo cattho 7 CBhp, PPV: àlavim-àgami 341 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ so ahaü vicarissàmi gàmà gàmaü purà puraü, ÛÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐ ÛÜÛÜ mavipula namassamàno sambuddhaü dhammassa ca sudhammatanû-ti. [12] evaü vatvà1 àlavako yakkho bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßabhikkantaü bho gotama! abhikkantaü bho gotama! seyyathà pi bho gotama nikkujjitaü và ukkujjeyya, pañicchannaü và vivareyya, måëhassa và maggaü àcikkheyya, andhakàre và telapajjotaü dhàreyya cakkhumanto råpàni dakkhintã ti, evam-evaü bhotà gotamena anekapariyàyena dhammo pakàsito. esàhaü bhavantaü gotamaü saraõaü gacchàmi, dhammaÿ-ca bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. upàsakaü maü bhavaü gotamo dhàretu ajjatagge pàõupetaü saraõaü gatanû-ti. 25. Kasãbhàradvàjasuttaü evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà magadhesu viharati dakkhiõàgirismiü ekanàlàyaü bràhmaõagàme. tena kho pana samayena kasãbhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa paÿcamattàni naïgalasatàni payuttàni honti vappakàle. atha kho bhagavà pubbanhasamayaü nivàsetvà, pattacãvaram-àdàya, yena kasãbhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa kammanto tenupasaïkami.2 tena kho pana samayena kasãbhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa parivesanà vattati. atha kho bhagavà yena parivesanà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà ekam-antaü aññhàsi. addasà kho kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo bhagavantaü piõóàya ñhitaü, disvàna bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßahaü kho samaõa kasàmi ca vapàmi ca, kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhuÿjàmi. tvam-pi samaõa kasassu ca vapassu ca, kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhuÿjassåû ti. ßaham-pi kho bràhmaõa kasàmi ca vapàmi ca, kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhuÿjàmãû ti. ßna kho pana mayaü passàma bhoto gotamassa yugaü và naïgalaü và phàlaü và pàcanaü và balivadde và.û atha ca pana bhavaü gotamo evam-àha: ßaham-pi kho bràhmaõa kasàmi ca vapàmi ca, kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhuÿjàmãû ti. atha kho kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßkassako pañijànàsi na ca passàma te kasiü. 3 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kasiü no pucchito bråhi yathà jànemu te kasiü.û4 [1] 1 CBhp: evaü vutte 2 CBhp: omit upasaïkami, presumably by mistake 3 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 4 PPV, PPV2: kasiü ti (sic); 342 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßsaddhà bãjaü, tapo vuññhi, paÿÿà me yuganaïgalaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ hiri ãsà, mano yottaü, sati me phàlapàcanaü. [2] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kàyagutto, vacãgutto, àhàre udare yato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ saccaü karomi niddànaü, soraccaü me pamocanaü. [3] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ viriyaü me dhuradhorayhaü, yogakkhemàdhivàhanaü - ÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ gacchati anivattantaü yattha gantvà na socati.1 [4] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ evam-esà kasã kaññhà sà hoti amatapphalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ etaü kasiü kasitvàna sabbadukkhà pamuccatãû ti. [5] atha kho kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo mahatiyà kaüsapàtiyà pàyàsaü vaóóhetvà bhagavato upanàmesi: ßbhuÿjatu bhavaü gotamo pàyàsaü, kassako bhavaü, yaü hi bhavaü gotamo2 amataphalaü kasiü kasatãû ti. ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 ßgàthàbhigãtaü me abhojaneyyaü,3 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ sampassataü bràhmaõa nesa dhammo, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ gàthàbhigãtaü panudanti buddhà, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ dhamme satã bràhmaõa vutti-r-esà. [6] ÜÜÛÛ,ÐÜÛÛÐÜÛÜÜ Tuññhubha x 4 aÿÿena ca kevalinaü4 mahesiü,5 ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÜÛÐÜÛÜÜ khãõàsavaü kukkuccavåpasantaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛ,ÛÐÜÛÜÜ annena pànena upaññhahassu, ÜÜÛÜ,ÐÜÛÜÐÜÛÜÜ khettaü hi taü puÿÿapekhassa hotãû ti. [7] ßatha kassa càhaü bho gotama imaü pàyàsaü dammã?û ti 1 Metre: we need to read gacchatã here, to avoid the opening ÅÛÛÅ 2 PPV2: gotamo yaü hi bhavaü gotamo, printer's error. 3 CBhp: abhojanãyaü 4 PPV: kevakãnaü: PPV2: kevalãnaü 5 Metre: the opening is faulty here, we should read cà m.c. 343 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ßna khvàhaü taü1 bràhmaõa passàmi, sadevake loke samàrake sabrahmake, sassamaõabràhmaõiyà pajàya sadevamanussàya, yassa so pàyàso bhutto sammà pariõàmaü gaccheyya, aÿÿatra tathàgatassa và tathàgatasàvakassa và. tena hi tvaü bràhmaõa taü pàyàsaü appaharite và chaóóehi, appàõake và udake opilàpehãû ti. atha kho kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo taü pàyàsaü appàõake udake opilàpesi. atha kho so pàyàso udake pakkhitto cicciñàyati ciñiciñàyati sandhåpàyati sampadhåpàyati, seyyathà pi nàma phàlo divasasantatto udake pakkhitto cicciñàyati ciñiciñàyati sandhåpàyati sampadhåpàyati, evam-eva so pàyàso udake pakkhitto cicciñàyati ciñiciñàyati sandhåpàyati sampadhåpàyati. atha kho kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo, saüviggo, lomahaññhajàto, yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavato pàdesu sirasà nipatitvà, bhagavantaü etad- avoca: ßabhikkantaü bho gotama! abhikkantaü bho gotama! seyyathà pi bho gotama nikkujjitaü và ukkujjeyya, pañicchannaü và vivareyya, måëhassa và maggaü àcikkheyya, andhakàre và telapajjotaü dhàreyya cakkhumanto råpàni dakkhintã ti, evam-evaü bhotà gotamena anekapariyàyena dhammo pakàsito. esàhaü bhavantaü gotamaü saraõaü gacchàmi, dhammaÿ-ca bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. labheyyàhaü bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaü, labheyyaü upasampadanû ti. alattha kho kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo bhagavato santike pabbajjaü, alattha upasampadaü. aciråpasampanno kho panàyasmà bhàradvàjo, eko, våpakaññho, appamatto, àtàpã, pahitatto viharanto, na cirasseva yassatthàya kulaputtà sammad-eva agàrasmà anagàriyaü pabbajanti, tad-anuttaraü brahmacariyapariyosànaü, diññheva dhamme sayaü abhiÿÿà, sacchikatvà, upasampajja vihàsi. khãõà jàti vusitaü brahmacariyaü kataü karaõãyaü nàparaü itthattàyàti abbhaÿÿàsi. aÿÿataro ca kho panàyasmà bhàradvàjo arahataü ahosã ti. 1 CBhp: nakkhvàhaü taü: PPV2: na khavàhan-taü, printer's error. 344 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni 26. Paràbhavasuttaü evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. atha kho aÿÿatarà devatà abhikkantàya rattiyà, abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü jetavanaü obhàsetvà, yena bhagavà tenupasaïkami, upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü aññhàsi. ekam-antaü ñhità kho sà devatà bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi: ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula ßparàbhavantaü purisaü mayaü pucchàma gotamaü - 1 ÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhagavantaü puññham-àgamma, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [1] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßsuvijàno bhavaü hoti, suvijàno paràbhavo, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dhammakàmo bhavaü hoti, dhammadessã paràbhavo.û [2] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, pañhamo so paràbhavo. ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dutiyaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [3] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßasantassa piyà honti, sante na kurute piyaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula asataü dhammaü roceti, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û2 [4] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, dutiyo so paràbhavo. ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ tatiyaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [5] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßniddàsãlã sabhàsãlã, anuññhàtà ca yo naro, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ alaso kodhapaÿÿàõo, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [6] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, tatiyo so paràbhavo. ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ catutthaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [7] 1 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 2 Metre: the opening of this variation is faulty, we could read asataü ca dhammaü, understanding resolution of the 1st syllable to repair the metre. 345 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula ßyo màtaraü và pitaraü và jiõõakaü gatayobbanaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula pahusanto1 na bharati, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [8] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, catuttho so paràbhavo. ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ paÿcamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [9] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula ßyo bràhmaõaü và samaõaü và, aÿÿaü và pi vaõibbakaü ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ musàvàdena vaÿceti, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [10] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, paÿcamo so paràbhavo. ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ chaññhamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [11] ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula ßpahåtavitto puriso, sahiraÿÿo sabhojano, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ eko bhuÿjati sàdåni, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [12] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, chaññhamo so paràbhavo. ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sattamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [13] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ jàtitthaddho dhanatthaddho, gottatthaddho ca yo naro, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ saÿ-ÿàtiü atimaÿÿeti, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [14] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, sattamo so paràbhavo. ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ aññhamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [15] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßitthidhutto, suràdhutto, akkhadhutto ca yo naro, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ laddhaü laddhaü vinàseti, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [16] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, aññhamo so paràbhavo. ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [17] 1 CBhp, PPV2: pahåsanto 346 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßsehi dàrehi1 'santuññho, vesiyàsu padissati, ÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dissati paradàresu, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û2 [18] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, navamo so paràbhavo. ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dasamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [19] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßatãtayobbano poso, àneti timbarutthaniü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula tassà issà na supati, taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û [20] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, dasamo so paràbhavo. ÜÜÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ekàdasamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û3 [21] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula ßitthisoõóiü vikiraõiü, purisaü và pi tàdisaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ irregular issariyasmiü ñhàpàpeti,4 taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û5 [22] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßiti hetaü vijànàma, ekàdasamo so paràbhavo. ÜÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ dvàdasamaü bhagavà bråhi, kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û [23] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßappabhogo mahàtaõho, khattiye jàyate kule, ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula so ca6 rajjaü patthayati, taü paràbhavato mukhaü. [24] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ete paràbhave loke paõóito samavekkhiya, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ariyo dassanasampanno, sa lokaü bhajate sivanû ti. [25] 1 CBhp: dàrehya 2 Metre: we need to read dissatã here, to avoid the opening ÅÛÛÅ 3 Metre: this line is hypermetric by 2 syllables (also in vs.23 line b below), this is because of the difficulty of fitting successive numbers to the metre. 4 MPP: ñhàpeti; PPV2: ñhapàpeti 5 Metre: the metre is irregular as it stands, it would be improved by taking the reading ñhàpeti in MPP (and then counting the sarabhatti vowel in issariyasmiü), but the form would then be wrong. 6 PPV: sodha 347 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni 27. Vasalasuttaü1 evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà sàvatthiyaü viharati jetavane anàthapiõóikassa àràme. atha kho bhagavà pubbanhasamayaü nivàsetvà, pattacãvaram-àdàya sàvatthiyaü piõóàya pàvisi. tena kho pana samayena aggikabhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa nivesane aggi pajjalito hoti àhuti paggahità.2 atha kho bhagavà sàvatthiyaü sapadànaü piõóàya caramàno, yena aggikabhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa nivesanaü tenupasaïkami. addasà kho aggikabhàradvàjo bràhmaõo bhagavantaü dårato va3 àgacchantaü, disvàna bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßtatreva muõóaka! tatreva samaõaka! tatreva vasalaka! tiññhàhã!ûti. evaü vutte bhagavà aggikabhàradvàjaü bràhmaõaü etad-avoca: ßjànàsi pana tvaü bràhmaõa vasalaü và vasalakaraõe và dhamme?û ti ßna khvàhaü bho gotama jànàmi, vasalaü và vasalakaraõe và dhamme. sàdhu me bhavaü gotamo tathà dhammaü desetu yathàhaü jàneyyaü vasalaü và vasalakaraõe và dhammeû ti. ßtena hi bràhmaõa suõàhi, sàdhukaü manasikarohi bhàsissàmãû ti. ßevaü bho,û ti kho aggikabhàradvàjo bràhmaõo bhagavato paccassosi, bhagavà etad- avoca: ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ßkodhano upanàhã ca, pàpamakkhã ca yo naro,4 ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ vipannadiññhi màyàvã, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [1] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ekajaü và dvijaü và pi yodha pàõàni hiüsati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa pàõe dayà natthi, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [2] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yo hanti parirundhati gàmàni nigamàni ca, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ niggàhako samaÿÿàto, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [3] 1 PPV: aggikabhàradvàjasuttaü 2 PPV: paggahãtà 3 PPV: ca 4 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 348 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ gàme và yadi vàraÿÿe, yaü paresaü mamàyitaü, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula theyyà adinnaü àdiyati,1 taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [4] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yo have iõam-àdàya, cujjamàno palàyati, ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßna hi te iõam-atthãû ti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [5] ÜÜ ÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yo ve kiÿcikkhakamyatà, panthasmiü vajataü janaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ hantvà kiÿcikkham-àdeti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [6] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo attahetu parahetu dhanahetu ca yo naro, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sakkhipuññho musà bråti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [7] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo ÿàtãnaü sakhànaü và dàresu patidissati, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha sahasà sampiyena và, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [8] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula yo màtaraü và pitaraü và jiõõakaü gatayobbanaü, ÛÛÜÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ navipula pahusanto2 na bharati, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [9] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula yo màtaraü và pitaraü và, bhàtaraü3 bhaginiü sasuü ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ hanti roseti vàcàya, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [10] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo atthaü pucchito santo, anattham-anusàsati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pañicchannena manteti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [11] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yo katvà pàpakaü kammaü, ßmà maü jaÿÿàû ti icchati, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo pañicchannakammanto, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [12] 1 CBhp: theyyaü adinnam-àdeti 2 CBhp, PPV2: pahåsanto 3 CBhp: bhataraü 349 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo ve parakulaü gantvà, bhutvàna sucibhojanaü, ÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ àgataü na pañipåjeti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [13] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula yo bràhmaõaü và samaõaü và, aÿÿaü và pi vaõibbakaü ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ musàvàdena vaÿceti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [14] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula x 2 yo bràhmaõaü và samaõaü và, bhattakàle upaññhite, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ roseti vàcà na ca deti, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [15] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ asataü yodha pabråti, mohena paëiguõñhito, ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kiÿcikkhaü nijigiüsàno, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [16] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo cattànaü samukkaüse, paraÿ-ca-m-avajànati, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ nihãno sena mànena, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [17] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula rosako, kadariyo ca pàpiccho, maccharã, sañho, ÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ahiriko, anottàpã,1 taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [18] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha yo buddhaü paribhàsati, atha và tassa sàvakaü, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ paribbàjaü gahaññhaü và, taü jaÿÿà vasalo iti. [19] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yo ve anarahà santo arahaü pañijànati, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ coro sabrahmake loke, esa kho vasalàdhamo. ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ete kho vasalà vuttà, mayà vo ye pakàsità. [20] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ na jaccà vasalo hoti, na jaccà hoti bràhmaõo, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kammanà vasalo hoti kammanà hoti bràhmaõo. [21] 1 PPV2: anottappã. Metre: we need to read ahirãko, m.c. to avoid the opening ÅÛÛÅ . 350 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tad-aminà pi jànàtha,1 yathà medaü nidassanaü: ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula caõóàlaputto sopàko màtaïgo iti vissuto. [22] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ so yasaü paramaü patto, màtaïgoyaü sudullabhaü, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ àgaÿchuü tassupaññhànaü khattiyà bràhmaõà bahå. [23] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ so devayànam-àruyha, virajaü so mahàpathaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kàmaràgaü viràjetvà, brahmalokåpago ahu. ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ na naü jàti nivàresi brahmalokåpapattiyà. [24] ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ajjhàyakakule jàtà, bràhmaõà mantabandhuno, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ te ca pàpesu kammesu abhiõham-upadissare. [25] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula diññheva dhamme gàrayhà samparàye ca duggatiü.2 ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ na te jàti nivàreti duggaccà garahàya và. [26] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ na jaccà vasalo hoti, na jaccà hoti bràhmaõo, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ kammanà vasalo hoti kammanà hoti bràhmaõoû ti. [27] evaü vutte aggikabhàradvàjo bràhmaõo bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßabhikkantaü bho gotama! abhikkantaü bho gotama! seyyathà pi bho gotama nikkujjitaü và ukkujjeyya, pañicchannaü và vivareyya, måëhassa và maggaü àcikkheyya, andhakàre và telapajjotaü dhàreyya cakkhumanto råpàni dakkhintã ti, evam-evaü bhotà gotamena anekapariyàyena dhammo pakàsito.3 esàhaü bhavantaü4 gotamaü saraõaü gacchàmi, dhammaÿ-ca bhikkhusaïghaÿ-ca. upàsakaü maü bhavaü gotamo dhàretu ajjatagge5 pàõupetaü saraõaü gatanû-ti. 1 MPP, PPV: pi vijànàtha. Metre: we need to read amãnà, m.c. to avoid the opening ÅÛÛÅ . 2 CBhp: duggatã 3 CBhp: pakasati 4 CBhp, PPV2: bhagavantaü 5 CBhp: ajjagagge, presumably by mistake 351 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni 28: Saccavibhaïgasuttaü evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà bàràõasiyaü viharati isipatane migadàye. tatra kho bhagavà bhikkhå àmantesi: ßbhikkhavo!û ti, ßbhadante!û ti te bhikkhå bhagavato paccassosuü, bhagavà etad-avoca: ßtathàgatena bhikkhave arahatà sammàsambuddhena, bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasmiü. yad-idaü catunnaü ariyasaccànaü àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà,1 paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. katamesaü catunnaü? dukkhassa ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. dukkhanirodhassa ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. dukkhanirodhagàminiyà pañipadàya2 ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. ßtathàgatena bhikkhave arahatà sammàsambuddhena, bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasmiü. yad-idaü imesaü catunnaü ariyasaccànaü àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. sevetha bhikkhave sàriputtamoggallàne, bhajatha bhikkhave sàriputtamoggallàne, paõóità bhikkhå anuggàhakà sabrahmacàrãnaü. seyyathà pi bhikkhave janettã evaü sàriputto, seyyathà pi jàtassa àpàdetà evaü moggallàno; sàriputto bhikkhave sotàpattiphale vineti, moggallàno uttamatthe vineti.sàriputto bhikkhave pahoti cattàri ariyasaccàni vitthàrena àcikkhituü desetuü paÿÿàpetuü3 paññhapetuü vivarituü vibhajituü uttànãkàtunû-ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, idaü vatvà sugato uññhàyàsanà vihàraü pàvisi. tatra kho àyasmà sàriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato, bhikkhå àmantesi: ßàvuso bhikkhavo!û ti. ßàvuso!û ti kho te bhikkhå àyasmato sàriputtassa paccassosuü, àyasmà sàriputto etad-avoca: 1 PPV, PPV2: paÿÿapanà, and so throughout 2 CBhp, MPP, PPV2: -gàminã pañipadà, similarly below 3 PPV, PPV2: paÿÿapetuü 352 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni ßtathàgatena àvuso arahatà sammàsambuddhena, bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasmiü. yad-idaü catunnaü ariyasaccànaü àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. katamesaü catunnaü? dukkhassa ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. dukkhanirodhassa ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. dukkhanirodhagàminiyà pañipadàya ariyasaccassa àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammaü. katamaÿ-càvuso dukkhaü ariyasaccaü? jàti pi dukkhà jarà pi dukkhà vyàdhi pi dukkho1 maraõam-pi dukkhaü sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupàyàsà pi dukkhà2 yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü3 saïkhittena paÿcupàdànakkhandhà dukkhà. katamà càvuso jàti? yà tesaü tesaü sattànaü tamhi tamhi sattanikàye jàti, saÿjàti, okkanti, abhinibbatti;4 khandhànaü pàtubhàvo, àyatanànaü pañilàbho: ayaü vuccatàvuso jàti. katamà càvuso jarà? yà tesaü tesaü sattànaü tamhi tamhi sattanikàye jarà, jãraõatà, khaõóiccaü, pàliccaü, valittacatà; àyuno saühàni, indriyànaü paripàko: ayaü vuccatàvuso jarà. 1 CBhp: omits this line 2 MPP, PPV: -upàyàsà dukkhà 3 PPV2 omits this line. 4 CBhp: abhinibbanti 353 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni katamaÿ-càvuso maraõaü? yaü tesaü tesaü sattànaü tamhà tamhà sattanikàye cuti, cavanatà, bhedo, antaradhànaü, maccu, maraõaü, kàlakiriyà; khandhànaü bhedo, kalebarassa nikkhepo: idaü vuccatàvuso maraõaü. katamo càvuso soko? yo kho àvuso aÿÿataraÿÿatarena vyasanena samannàgatassa, aÿÿataraÿÿatarena dukkhadhammena phuññhassa, soko, socanà, socitattaü, antosoko, antoparisoko: ayaü vuccatàvuso soko. katamo càvuso paridevo? yo kho àvuso aÿÿataraÿÿatarena vyasanena samannàgatassa, aÿÿataraÿÿatarena dukkhadhammena phuññhassa, àdevo, paridevo, àdevanà, paridevanà, àdevitattaü, paridevitattaü: ayaü vuccatàvuso paridevo. katamaÿ-càvuso dukkhaü? yaü kho àvuso kàyikaü dukkhaü, kàyikaü asàtaü,1 kàyasamphassajaü dukkhaü, asàtaü vedayitaü: idaü vuccatàvuso dukkhaü. katamaÿ-càvuso domanassaü? yaü kho àvuso cetasikaü dukkhaü, cetasikaü asàtaü,2 vedayitaü manosamphassajaü dukkhaü, asàtaü vedayitaü: idaü vuccatàvuso domanassaü. katamo càvuso upàyàso? yo kho àvuso aÿÿataraÿÿatarena vyasanena samannàgatassa, aÿÿataraÿÿatarena dukkhadhammena phuññhassa, àyàso, upàyàso, àyàsitattaü, upàyàsitattaü: ayaü vuccatàvuso upàyàso. katamaÿ-càvuso yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü? jàtidhammànaü àvuso sattànaü evaü icchà uppajjati: ßaho vata mayaü na jàtidhammà assàma, na ca vata no jàti àgaccheyyà!û ti na kho panetaü icchàya pattabbaü: idaü pi yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü. 1 CBhp: asàtaü vedayitaü 2 CBhp: asàtaü vediyikaü (sic); MPP: cetasikaü dukkhaü, asàtaü (i.e. omits second cetasikaü): PPV2: cetasikaü dukkhaü, asàtaü manosamphassajaü (i.e. omits second cetasikaü & vediyataü)! 354 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni jaràdhammànaü àvuso sattànaü evaü icchà uppajjati: ßaho vata mayaü na jaràdhammà assàma, na ca vata no jarà àgaccheyyà!û ti na kho panetaü icchàya pattabbaü: idaü pi yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü. vyàdhidhammànaü àvuso sattànaü evaü icchà uppajjati: ßaho vata mayaü na vyàdhidhammà assàma, na ca vata no vyàdhi àgaccheyyà!û ti na kho panetaü icchàya pattabbaü: idaü pi yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü. maraõadhammànaü àvuso sattànaü evaü icchà uppajjati: ßaho vata mayaü na maraõadhammà assàma, na ca vata no maraõaü àgaccheyyà!û ti na kho panetaü icchàya pattabbaü: idaü pi yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü. sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupàyàsadhammànaü àvuso sattànaü evaü icchà uppajjati: ßaho vata mayaü na sokaparidevadukkha- domanassupàyàsadhammà assàma, na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkha- domanassupàyàsa àgaccheyyun!û-ti. na kho panetaü icchàya pattabbaü: idaü pi yam-picchaü na labhati tam-pi dukkhaü. katamà1 càvuso saïkhittena paÿcupàdànakkhandhà dukkhà? seyyathãdaü: råpåpàdànakkhandho vedanåpàdànakkhandho saÿÿåpàdànakkhandho saïkhàråpàdànakkhandho viÿÿàõåpàdànakkhandho. ime vuccantàvuso saïkhittena paÿcupàdànakkhandhà dukkhà. idaü vuccatàvuso dukkhaü ariyasaccaü. katamaÿ-càvuso, dukkhasamudayaü2 ariyasaccaü? yà yaü taõhà ponobhavikà, nandiràgasahagatà, tatratatràbhinandinã, seyyathãdaü: kàmataõhà bhavataõhà vibhavataõhà. idaü vuccatàvuso dukkhasamudayaü ariyasaccaü. 1 CBhp: katame 2 PPV: dukkhasamudayo, here and below 355 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni katamaÿ-càvuso dukkhanirodhaü1 ariyasaccaü? yo tassà yeva taõhàya asesaviràganirodho - càgo, pañinissaggo, mutti, anàlayo. idaü vuccatàvuso dukkhanirodhaü ariyasaccaü. katamaÿ-càvuso dukkhanirodhagàminã pañipadà ariyasaccaü? ayam-eva ariyo aññhaïgiko maggo, seyyathãdaü: 1. sammàdiññhi 2. sammàsaïkappo 3. sammàvàcà 4. sammàkammanto 5. sammà-àjãvo 6. sammàvàyàmo 7. sammàsati 8. sammàsamàdhi. katamà càvuso sammàdiññhi? yaü kho àvuso dukkhe ÿàõaü dukkhasamudaye ÿàõaü dukkhanirodhe ÿàõaü dukkhanirodhagàminiyà pañipadàya2 ÿàõaü. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàdiññhi. katamo càvuso sammàsaïkappo? nekkhammasaïkappo avyàpàdasaïkappo avihiüsàsaïkappo. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàsaïkappo. katamà càvuso sammàvàcà? musàvàdà veramaõã pisuõàvàcà3 veramaõã pharusàvàcà4 veramaõã samphappalàpà veramaõã. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàvàcà. katamo càvuso sammàkammanto? pàõàtipàtà veramaõã adinnàdànà veramaõã kàmesu micchàcàrà veramaõã. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàkammanto. 1 PPV: dukkhanirodho, here and below 2 CBhp: -gàminã pañipadàya 3 CBhp: pisuõàya vàcàya 4 CBhp: pharusàya vàcàya 356 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni katamo càvuso sammà-àjãvo? idhàvuso ariyasàvako micchà-àjãvaü pahàya, sammà-àjãvena jãvikaü kappeti. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammà-àjãvo. katamo càvuso sammàvàyàmo? idhàvuso bhikkhu anuppannànaü pàpakànaü akusalànaü dhammànaü anuppàdàya chandaü janeti, vàyamati viriyaü àrabhati cittaü paggaõhàti padahati. uppannànaü pàpakànaü akusalànaü dhammànaü pahànàya chandaü janeti, vàyamati viriyaü àrabhati cittaü paggaõhàti padahati. anuppannànaü kusalànaü dhammànaü uppàdàya chandaü janeti, vàyamati viriyaü àrabhati cittaü paggaõhàti padahati. uppannànaü kusalànaü dhammànaü ñhitiyà, asammosàya, bhiyyobhàvàya,1 vepullàya, bhàvanàya, pàripåriyà2 chandaü janeti, vàyamati viriyaü àrabhati cittaü paggaõhàti padahati. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàvàyàmo. katamà càvuso sammàsati? idhàvuso bhikkhu kàye kàyànupassã viharati, àtàpã, sampajàno, satimà, vineyya loke abhijjhàdomanassaü. vedanàsu vedanànupassã viharati, àtàpã, sampajàno, satimà, vineyya loke abhijjhàdomanassaü. citte cittànupassã viharati, àtàpã, sampajàno, satimà, vineyya loke abhijjhàdomanassaü. dhammesu dhammànupassã viharati, àtàpã, sampajàno, satimà, vineyya loke abhijjhàdomanassaü. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàsati. katamo3 càvuso sammàsamàdhi? idhàvuso bhikkhu vivicceva kàmehi, vivicca akusalehi dhammehi, savitakkaü, savicàraü, vivekajaü pãtisukhaü, pañhamaü jhànaü upasampajja viharati. vitakkavicàrànaü våpasamà ajjhattaü sampasàdanaü, cetaso ekodibhàvaü, avitakkaü, avicàraü, samàdhijaü pãtisukhaü, dutiyaü jhànaü upasampajja viharati. 1 PPV, PPV2: bhãyyobhàvàya 2 CBhp, PPV2: pàripuriyà 3 CBhp: katamà 357 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Atirekàni Sattasuttàni pãtiyà ca viràgà upekkhako1 ca viharati, sato ca sampajàno, sukhaü ca kàyena pañisaüvedeti, yan-taü ariyà àcikkhanti: ßupekkhako2 satimà sukhavihàrãû ti, tatiyaü jhànaü upasampajja viharati. sukhassa ca pahànà, dukkhassa ca pahànà, pubbeva somanassadomanassànaü atthaïgamà adukkhaü, asukhaü, upekkhà3-satipàrisuddhiü catutthaü jhànaü4 upasampajja viharati. ayaü vuccatàvuso sammàsamàdhi. idaü vuccatàvuso dukkhanirodhagàminã pañipadà ariyasaccaü. tathàgatena bhikkhave arahatà sammàsambuddhena, bàràõasiyaü isipatane migadàye, anuttaraü dhammacakkaü pavattitaü, appativattiyaü samaõena và bràhmaõena và devena và màrena và brahmunà và kenaci và lokasmiü. 5 yad-idaü imesaü catunnaü ariyasaccànaü àcikkhanà, desanà, paÿÿàpanà, paññhapanà, vivaraõà, vibhajanà, uttànãkammanû-ti. idam-avoc'6 àyasmà sàriputto, attamanà te bhikkhå àyasmato sàriputtassa bhàsitaü abhinandun-ti. Niññhitàni Atirekàni Sattasuttàni7 1 PPV: upekkho; CBhp: upekhako 2 CBhp: upekhako 3 PPV: upekhà 4 PPV2: catutthajjhànaü 5 PPV2: lokasmin-ti 6 MPP, PPV: idam-avoca 7 Mpp, PPV, CBhp omit this end title. 358 Tatiyakabhàõavàraü 29: âñànàñiyasuttaü (1) evaü me sutaü: ekaü samayaü bhagavà ràjagahe viharati gijjhakåñe pabbate. atha kho cattàro mahàràjà,1 mahatiyà ca yakkhasenàya, mahatiyà ca gandhabbasenàya, mahatiyà ca kumbhaõóasenàya, mahatiyà ca nàgasenàya, catuddisaü rakkhaü ñhapetvà, catuddisaü gumbaü ñhapetvà, catuddisaü ovaraõaü ñhapetvà, abhikkantàya rattiyà, abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü gijjhakåñaü obhàsetvà, yena bhagavà tenupasaïkamiüsu,2 upasaïkamitvà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. te pi kho yakkhà, app-ekacce bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app- ekacce bhagavatà saddhiü sammodiüsu, sammodanãyaü kathaü sàrànãyaü vãtisàretvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app-ekacce yena bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app-ekacce nàmagottaü sàvetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app- ekacce tuõhãbhåtà ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. ekam-antaü nisinno kho vessavaõo mahàràjà bhagavantaü etad-avoca: ßsanti hi bhante uëàrà yakkhà bhagavato appasannà, santi hi bhante uëàrà yakkhà bhagavato pasannà, santi hi bhante majjhimà yakkhà bhagavato appasannà, santi hi bhante majjhimà yakkhà bhagavato pasannà, santi hi bhante nãcà yakkhà bhagavato appasannà, santi hi bhante nãcà yakkhà bhagavato pasannà. yebhuyyena kho pana bhante yakkhà appasannà yeva bhagavato. taü kissa hetu? bhagavà hi bhante pàõàtipàtà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, adinnàdànà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, kàmesu micchàcàrà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, musàvàdà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti,3 suràmerayamajjapamàdaññhànà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti. yebhuyyena kho pana bhante yakkhà appañiviratà yeva pàõàtipàtà, appañiviratà adinnàdànà, appañiviratà kàmesu micchàcàrà, appañiviratà musàvàdà, appañiviratà suràmerayamajjapamàdaññhànà. tesaü taü hoti appiyaü amanàpaü. santi hi bhante bhagavato sàvakà araÿÿe, vanapatthàni pantàni senàsanàni pañisevanti, appasaddàni, appanigghosàni, vijanavàtàni, 1 MPP, PPV: mahàràjà 2 CBhp: upasankamisuü 3 CBhp: omits this line, by mistake Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü manussaràhaseyyakàni, pañisallànasàruppàni. tattha santi uëàrà yakkhà nivàsino ye imasmiü bhagavato pàvacane appasannà. tesaü pasàdàya uggaõhàtu bhante bhagavà ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyàû ti. adhivàsesi bhagavà tuõhãbhàvena. atha kho vessavaõo mahàràjà bhagavato adhivàsanaü viditvà tàyaü velàyaü imaü ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü abhàsi: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables + 9 syllables ßvipassissa namatthu, cakkhumantassa sirãmato,1 ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables sikhissa pi namatthu, sabbabhåtànukampino, [1] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables vessabhussa namatthu, nahàtakassa tapassino, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà namatthu kakusandhassa, màrasenàpamaddino, [2] ÜÜÛÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula koõàgamanassa namatthu, bràhmaõassa vusãmato, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables kassapassa namatthu, vippamuttassa sabbadhi. [3] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula + 9 syllables aïgãrasassa namatthu, sakyaputtassa sirãmato, ÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables yo imaü dhammam-adesesi, sabbadukkhà panådanaü. [4] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ye càpi nibbutà loke, yathàbhåtaü vipassisuü, ÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables te janà apisuõà,2 mahantà vãtasàradà, [5] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà hitaü devamanussànaü, yaü namassanti gotamaü,3 ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, mahantaü vãtasàradaü. [6] 1 Metre: the opening verses of this sutta appear to be in Siloka metre, but are very irregular, with 7 syllabic lines appearing no less than 5 times in the first 5 verses. There are also 3 instances of lines having 9 syllables in this section, at 1b, and at 4a & c. Most of the 7 syllabic lines could be corrected if we read namo atthu, in place of namatthu. At 4c we could correct the metre by reading yomaü. 2 CBhp: apisuõàtha 3 Metre: all lines in this sutta are to be understood as the pathyà form of Siloka unless otherwise indicated. 360 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yato uggacchatã1 suriyo, àdicco maõóalã mahà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa cuggacchamànassa, saüvarã pi nirujjhati, [7] ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula yassa cuggate suriye, divaso ti pavuccati,2 ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ rahado pi tattha gambhãro, samuddo saritodako, [8] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü naü tattha jànanti samuddo saritodako, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà purimà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã3 jano. [9] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula gandhabbànaü àdhipati, dhataraññho iti nàma so. [10] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ramatã4 naccagãtehi, gandhabbehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [11] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [12] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [13] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti,5 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [14] 1 CBhp: uggacchati 2 Metre: we have to count the sarabhatti vowel in suriye, to meet the requirements of the metre here, which is against the norm. Also in 24a below. 3 CBhp: àcikkhati, and so throughout 4 CBhp, PPV2: ramati, and so throughout 5 Metre: the cadence is incorrect, and cannot easily be corrected. This may have something to do with why all editions lay out this verse and the one that follows, both here, and in the repetitions below, as though they were prose. 361 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotamaü!ûû [15] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yena petà pavuccanti, pisuõà piññhimaüsikà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pàõàtipàtino luddà, corà nekatikà janà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà dakkhiõà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã jano. [16] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula kumbhaõóhànaü àdhipati, viråëho iti nàma so. [17] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ramatã naccagãtehi, kumbhaõóhehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [18] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [19] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [20] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [21] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotamaü!ûû [22] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula yattha coggacchati1 suriyo, àdicco maõóalã mahà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa coggacchamànassa divaso pi nirujjhati, [23] 1 PPV2: coggacchatã 362 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula yassa coggate suriye, saüvarã ti pavuccati, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ rahado pi tattha gambhãro, samuddo saritodako, [24] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü naü tattha jànanti samuddo saritodako, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà pacchimà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã jano. [25] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables + 9 syllables nàgànaü àdhipati, viråpakkho iti nàma so.1 [26] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ b: 7 syllables ramatã naccagãtehi, nàgehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [27] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [28] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato2 va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [29] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [30] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotamaü!ûû3 [31] 1 Metre: we could correct the metre here by reading nàgànaü ca àdhipati, viråpakkho ti nàma so, but that would break the pattern for this line established in the earlier verses. The second half of the pàdayuga in the following line is also 7 syllables. 2 PPV2: durato 3 PPV, PPV2: gotaman!ûû-ti 363 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables yena uttarakurå rammà, mahàneru sudassano,1 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ manussà tattha jàyanti amamà apariggahà. [32] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula na te bãjaü pavapanti, na pi nãyanti naïgalà, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akaññhapàkimaü sàliü paribhuÿjanti mànusà, [33] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akaõaü athusaü suddhaü, sugandhaü taõóulapphalaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tuõóikãre pacitvàna, tato bhuÿjanti bhojanaü. [34] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ gàviü ekakhuraü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pasuü ekakhuraü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, [35] ÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables itthivàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, ÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ purisavàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, [36] ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kumàrivàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kumàravàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü. [37] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜ te yàne abhiråhitvà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛ ÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbà disà anupariyanti pacàrà tassa ràjino,2 ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜ ravipula hatthiyànaü assayànaü dibbaü yànaü upañhitaü. [38] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ b: 9 syllables pàsàdà sivikà ceva mahàràjassa yasassino, ÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha tassa ca nagarà ahå, antalikkhe sumàpità: [39] 1 Metre: the first half of the pàdayuga here is 9 syllables. We could count the 4th syllable as resolved, but that would go against the rule of resolution. We probably should read yen' uttarakurå. 2 Metre: we have a very unusual phenomena here of 2 resolutions in one line. The metre is rather poor in this and the next verse, with the cadence being wrong in the next line; 9 syllables in the second half of the pàdayuga in the one that follows; and 2 light syllables in 2nd & 3rd positions in the one that follows that. 364 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü àñànàñà, kusinàñà, parakusinàñà, nàñapuriyà, parakusitanàñà. uttarena kapãvanto, janogham-aparena ca, navanavatiyo, ambara-ambaravatiyo, àlakamandà nàma ràjadhàni. kuverassa kho pana màrisa mahàràjassa visàõà nàma ràjadhàni, tasmà kuvero mahàràjà vessavaõo ti pavuccati. paccesanto pakàsenti: tatolà, tattalà, tatotalà, ojasi, tejasi, tatojasi, såro, ràjà, ariññho, nemi. rahado pi tattha dharaõã nàma, yato meghà pavassanti, vassà yato patàyanti. sabhà pi tattha bhagalavatã nàma yattha yakkhà payirupàsanti. ÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ tattha niccaphalà rukkhà, nànàdijagaõàyutà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula mayårakoÿcàbhirudà, kokilàbhi hi vaggubhi, [40] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ jãvaüjãvakasaddettha, atho oññhavacittakà, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha kukutthakà kuëãrakà, vane pokkharasàtakà, [41] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sukasàëikasaddettha, daõóamàõavakàni ca, ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sobhati sabbakàlaü sà kuveranalinã sadà,1 ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà uttarà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã jano. [42] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables yakkhànaü àdhipati, kuvero iti nàma so.2 [43] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ b: 7 syllables ramatã naccagãtehi, yakkhehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [44] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [45] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [46] 1 Metre: we need to read sobhatã here, to avoid the opening ÅÛÛÅ 2 Metre: as above with nàga, the metre is disturbed in this line and the next because yakkha does not meet the requirements of the metre. 365 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [47] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotaman!ûû-ti [48] ayaü kho sà màrisa ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyà ti. yassa kassaci màrisa - bhikkhussa và bhikkhuõiyà và upàsakassa và upàsikàya và - ayaü ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà suggahità,1 bhavissati samattà pariyàputà, taÿ-ce amanusso - yakkho và yakkhiõã và yakkhapotako và yakkhapotikà và yakkhamahàmatto và yakkhapàrisajjo và yakkhapacàro và gandhabbo và gandhabbã và gandhabbapotako và gandhabbapotikà và gandhabbamahàmatto và gandhabbapàrisajjo và gandhabbapacàro và kumbhaõóo và kumbhaõóã và kumbhaõóapotako và kumbhaõóapotikà và kumbhaõóamahàmatto và kumbhaõóapàrisajjo và kumbhaõóapacàro và nàgo và nàginã và nàgapotako và nàgapotikà và nàgamahàmatto và nàgapàrisajjo và nàgapacàro và - paduññhacitto gacchantaü và anugaccheyya, ñhitaü và upatiññheyya, nisinnaü và upanisãdeyya, nipannaü và upanipajjeyya, na me so màrisa amanusso labheyya gàmesu và nigamesu và sakkàraü và garukàraü và. na me so màrisa amanusso labheyya àlakamandàya ràjadhàniyà vatthuü và vàsaü và. na me so màrisa amanusso labheyya yakkhànaü samitiü gantuü. api-ssu naü màrisa amanussà anavayham-pi naü kareyyuü avivayhaü. api-ssu naü màrisa amanussà attàhi pi paripuõõàhi paribhàsàhi paribhàseyyuü. api-ssu naü màrisa amanussà rittam-pi pattaü sãse nikkujjeyyuü. api- ssu naü màrisa amanussà sattadhà pissa muddhaü phàleyyuü. santi hi màrisa amanussà caõóà, ruddà, rabhasà, te neva mahàràjànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, te kho te màrisa amanussà mahàràjànaü avaruddhà nàma vuccanti. seyyathà pi màrisa raÿÿo màgadhassa vijite corà, te neva raÿÿo màgadhassa àdiyanti, na raÿÿo màgadhassa purisakànaü àdiyanti, na raÿÿo màgadhassa purisakànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, te kho te màrisa mahàcorà, raÿÿo màgadhassa avaruddhà nàma vuccanti. 1 PPV2: suggahãtà 366 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü evam-eva kho màrisa santi hi amanussà caõóà, ruddà, rabhasà, te neva mahàràjànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, te kho te màrisa amanussà mahàràjànaü avaruddhà nàma vuccanti. yo hi koci màrisa amanusso - yakkho và yakkhiõã và yakkhapotako và yakkhapotikà và yakkhamahàmatto và yakkhapàrisajjo và yakkhapacàro và gandhabbo và gandhabbã và gandhabbapotako và gandhabbapotikà và gandhabbamahàmatto và gandhabbapàrisajjo và gandhabbapacàro và kumbhaõóo và kumbhaõóã và kumbhaõóapotako và kumbhaõóapotikà và kumbhaõóamahàmatto và kumbhaõóapàrisajjo và kumbhaõóapacàro và nàgo và nàginã và nàgapotako và nàgapotikà và nàgamahàmatto và nàgapàrisajjo và nàgapacàro và - paduññhacitto bhikkhuü và bhikkhuõiü và upàsakaü và upàsikaü và, gacchantaü và anugaccheyya, ñhitaü và upatiññheyya, nisinnaü và upanisãdeyya, nipannaü và upanipajjeyya, imesaü yakkhànaü mahàyakkhànaü senàpatãnaü mahàsenàpatãnaü, ujjhàpetabbaü, vikkanditabbaü, viravitabbaü: ßayaü yakkho gaõhàti, ayaü yakkho àvisati, ayaü yakkho heñheti, ayaü yakkho viheñheti, ayaü yakkho hiüsati, ayaü yakkho vihiüsati, ayaü yakkho na muÿcatãû ti. katamesaü yakkhànaü, mahàyakkhànaü, senàpatãnaü mahàsenàpatãnaü? ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula indo, somo, varuõo ca, bhàradvàjo, pajàpatã, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ candano, kàmaseññho ca, kinnughaõóu, nighaõóu ca, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ panàdo, opamaÿÿo ca, devasåto ca màtalã. [49] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ cittaseno ca gandhabbo, nalo ràjà janesabho, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula sàtàgiro, hemavato, puõõako, karatiyo, guëo, [50] 367 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Tatiyakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sãvako, mucalindo ca, vessàmitto, yugandharo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ gopàlo,1 suppagedho ca, hirinettã ca mandiyo, [51] ÜÜÛÜÐÜ(ÜÛÛÜ)ÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ tavipula ? paÿcàlacaõóo àlavako pajjuno sumano sumukho dadhãmukho,2 ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ maõi, màõi, caro, dãgho, atho serissako saha - [52] imesaü yakkhànaü mahàyakkhànaü senàpatãnaü mahàsenàpatãnaü, ujjhàpetabbaü, vikkanditabbaü, viravitabbaü: ßayaü yakkho gaõhàti, ayaü yakkho àvisati, ayaü yakkho heñheti, ayaü yakkho viheñheti, ayaü yakkho hiüsati, ayaü yakkho vihiüsati, ayaü yakkho na muÿcatãû ti. ayaü kho sà màrisa ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyà ti. handa ca dàni mayaü màrisa gacchàma, bahukiccà mayaü bahukaraõãyàû ti. ßyassa dàni tumhe mahàràjàno kàlaü maÿÿathàû ti. atha kho cattàro mahàràjà3 uññhàyàsanà bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà padakkhiõaü katvà, tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. te pi kho yakkhà uññhàyàsanà app-ekacce bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà padakkhiõaü katvà, tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app-ekacce bhagavatà saddhiü sammodiüsu, sammodanãyaü kathaü sàrànãyaü vãtisàretvà tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app-ekacce yena bhagavà tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app-ekacce nàmagottaü sàvetvà tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app- ekacce tuõhãbhåtà tatthevantaradhàyiüså ti. Tatiyakabhàõavàraü niññhitaü4 1 CBhp:gopalo 2 Metre: the reconstuction of the pàdayuga offered here is only a suggestion. It should be noted that the tavipula is very rare. 3 CBhp: mahàràjàno 4 MPP, CBhp, PPV2 omit niññhitaü 368 Catutthakabhàõavàraü âñànàñiyasuttaü (2) atha kho bhagavà tassà1 rattiyà accayena bhikkhå àmantesi: ßimaü bhikkhave rattiü cattàro mahàràjà,2 mahatiyà ca yakkhasenàya, mahatiyà ca gandhabbasenàya, mahatiyà ca kumbhaõóasenàya, mahatiyà ca nàgasenàya, catuddisaü rakkhaü ñhapetvà, catuddisaü gumbaü ñhapetvà, catuddisaü ovaraõaü ñhapetvà, abhikkantàya rattiyà, abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü gijjhakåñaü obhàsetvà, yenàhaü tenupasaïkamiüsu, upasaïkamitvà maü abhivàdetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. te pi kho, bhikkhave,3 yakkhà, app-ekacce maü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app-ekacce mama4 saddhiü sammodiüsu, sammodanãyaü kathaü sàrànãyaü vãtisàretvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app-ekacce yenàhaü tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà, ekam- antaü nisãdiüsu. app-ekacce nàmagottaü sàvetvà, ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. app-ekacce tuõhãbhåtà ekam-antaü nisãdiüsu. ekam-antaü nisinno kho bhikkhave5 vessavaõo mahàràjà maü etad-avoca: ßsanti hi bhante uëàrà yakkhà bhagavato appasannà, santi hi bhante uëàrà yakkhà bhagavato pasannà, santi hi bhante majjhimà yakkhà bhagavato appasannà, santi hi bhante majjhimà yakkhà bhagavato pasannà, santi hi bhante nãcà yakkhà bhagavato appasannà, santi hi bhante nãcà yakkhà bhagavato pasannà. yebhuyyena kho pana bhante yakkhà appasannà yeva bhagavato. taü kissa hetu? bhagavà hi bhante pàõàtipàtà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, adinnàdànà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, kàmesu micchàcàrà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, musàvàdà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti, suràmerayamajjapamàdaññhànà veramaõiyà dhammaü deseti. yebhuyyena kho pana bhante yakkhà appañiviratà yeva pàõàtipàtà, appañiviratà adinnàdànà, appañiviratà kàmesu micchàcàrà, appañiviratà musàvàdà, appañiviratà suràmerayamajjapamàdaññhànà. tesaü taü hoti appiyaü amanàpaü. santi hi bhante bhagavato sàvakà araÿÿe, vanapatthàni pantàni senàsanàni pañisevanti, appasaddàni, appanigghosàni, vijanavàtàni, manussaràhaseyyakàni, pañisallànasàruppàni. tattha santi uëàrà yakkhà nivàsino ye imasmiü bhagavato pàvacane appasannà. 1 CBhp: tassa 2 CBhp: mahàràjàno 3 CBhp, PPV omit bhikkhave 4 CBhp: mayà 5 CBhp, PPV omit bhikkhave Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü tesaü pasàdàya uggaõhàtu bhante bhagavà ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyàû ti. adhivàsesiü kho ahaü bhikkhave tuõhãbhàvena. atha kho bhikkhave1 vessavaõo mahàràjà maü adhivàsanaü viditvà tàyaü velàyaü imaü ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü abhàsi: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables + 9 syllables ßvipassissa namatthu, cakkhumantassa sirãmato,2 ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables sikhissa pi namatthu, sabbabhåtànukampino, [53] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables vessabhussa namatthu, nahàtakassa tapassino, ÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà namatthu kakusandhassa, màrasenàpamaddino, [54] ÜÜÛÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula koõàgamanassa namatthu, bràhmaõassa vusãmato, ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables kassapassa namatthu, vippamuttassa sabbadhi. [55] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ savipula + 9 syllables aïgãrasassa namatthu, sakyaputtassa sirãmato, ÜÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 9 syllables yo imaü dhammam-adesesi, sabbadukkhà panådanaü. [56] ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà ye càpi nibbutà loke, yathàbhåtaü vipassisuü, ÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables te janà apisuõà,3 mahantà vãtasàradà, [57] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ pathyà hitaü devamanussànaü, yaü namassanti gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, mahantaü vãtasàradaü. [58] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yato uggacchatã4 suriyo, àdicco maõóalã mahà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa cuggacchamànassa, saüvarã pi nirujjhati, [59] 1 CBhp, PPV omit bhikkhave 2 Metre: these verses are an exact repetition of those in the first half of the sutta. I have therefore marked the variations in the text, but for a commentary on the verses please see earlier. 3 CBhp: apisuõàtha 4 CBhp: uggacchati 370 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula yassa cuggate suriye, divaso ti pavuccati, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ rahado pi tattha gambhãro, samuddo saritodako, [60] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü naü tattha jànanti samuddo saritodako, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà purimà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã1 jano. [61] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula gandhabbànaü àdhipati, dhataraññho iti nàma so. [62] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ramatã2 naccagãtehi, gandhabbehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [63] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ,ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [64] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [65] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [66] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotamaü!ûû [67] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yena petà pavuccanti, pisuõà piññhimaüsikà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pàõàtipàtino luddà, corà nekatikà janà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà dakkhiõà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã jano. [68] 1 CBhp: àcikkhati, and so throughout 2 CBhp, PPV2: ramati, and so throughout 371 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula kumbhaõóhànaü àdhipati, viråëho iti nàma so. [69] ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ramatã naccagãtehi, kumbhaõóhehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [70] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [71] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato1 va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [72] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [73] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotamaü!ûû [74] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula yattha coggacchati suriyo, àdicco maõóalã mahà, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ yassa coggacchamànassa divaso pi nirujjhati, [75] ÜÛÜÛÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula yassa coggate suriye, saüvarã ti pavuccati, ÛÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ rahado pi tattha gambhãro, samuddo saritodako, [76] ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ evaü naü tattha jànanti samuddo saritodako, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà pacchimà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã jano. [77] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables + 9 syllables nàgànaü àdhipati, viråpakkho iti nàma so. [78] 1 PPV2: durato 372 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ b: 7 syllables ramatã naccagãtehi, nàgehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [79] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ mavipula te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [80] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [81] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [82] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ ßjinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotamaü!ûû [83] ÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables yena uttarakuru rammà, mahàneru sudassano, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ manussà tattha jàyanti amamà apariggahà. [84] ÛÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula na te bãjaü pavapanti, na pi nãyanti naïgalà, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akaññhapàkimaü sàliü paribhuÿjanti mànusà, [85] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ akaõaü athusaü suddhaü, sugandhaü taõóulapphalaü, ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ tuõóikãre pacitvàna, tato bhuÿjanti bhojanaü. [86] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ gàviü ekakhuraü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ pasuü ekakhuraü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, [87] ÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables itthivàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, ÛÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ purisavàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, [88] 373 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kumàrivàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ kumàravàhanaü katvà anuyanti disodisaü. [89] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜ te yàne abhiråhitvà, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛ ÛÛÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sabbà disà anupariyanti pacàrà tassa ràjino, ÜÛÜÜÐÜÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÛÜ ravipula hatthiyànaü assayànaü dibbaü yànaü upañhitaü. [90] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ b: 9 syllables pàsàdà sivikà ceva mahàràjassa yasassino, ÜÛÛÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha tassa ca nagarà ahå, antalikkhe sumàpità: [91] àñànàñà, kusinàñà, parakusinàñà, nàñapuriyà, parakusitanàñà. uttarena kapãvanto, janogham-aparena ca, navanavatiyo, ambara-ambaravatiyo, àlakamandà nàma ràjadhàni. kuverassa kho pana màrisa mahàràjassa visàõà nàma ràjadhàni, tasmà kuvero mahàràjà vessavaõo ti pavuccati. paccesanto pakàsenti: tatolà, tattalà, tatotalà, ojasi, tejasi, tatojasi, såro, ràjà, ariññho, nemi. rahado pi tattha dharaõã nàma, yato meghà pavassanti, vassà yato patàyanti. sabhà pi tattha bhagalavatã nàma yattha yakkhà payirupàsanti. ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ tattha niccaphalà rukkhà, nànàdijagaõàyutà, ÛÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula mayårakoÿcàbhirudà, kokilàbhi hi vaggubhi, [92] ÜÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ jãvaüjãvakasaddettha, atho oññhavacittakà, ÛÜÛÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha kukutthakà kuëãrakà, vane pokkharasàtakà, [93] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ sukasàëikasaddettha, daõóamàõavakàni ca, ÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ sobhati sabbakàlaü sà kuveranalinã sadà, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ Anuññhubha ito sà uttarà disà, iti naü àcikkhatã jano. [94] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ yaü disaü abhipàleti mahàràjà yasassi so, ÜÜÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ 7 syllables yakkhànaü àdhipati, kuvero iti nàma so. [95] 374 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü ÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ b: 7 syllables ramatã naccagãtehi, yakkhehi purakkhato, ÜÜÛÜÐÛÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ navipula puttà pi tassa bahavo, ekanàmà ti me sutaü, [96] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ asãtiü dasa eko ca, indanàmà mahabbalà, ÜÜÛÜÐÜ, ÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ te càpi buddhaü disvàna, buddhaü àdiccabandhunaü, [97] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ dårato1 va namassanti, mahantaü vãtasàradaü: ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ ßnamo te purisàjaÿÿa! namo te purisuttama! [98] ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÛÐÜÜÜÜ Anuññhubha x 3 kusalena samekkhasi, amanussà pi taü vandanti, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sutaü netaü abhiõhaso, tasmà evaü vademase: [99] ÛÜÜÛÐÛÜÛÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ jinaü vandatha gotamaü?û ßjinaü vandàma gotamaü, ÜÜÛÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ vijjàcaraõasampannaü, buddhaü vandàma gotaman!ûû-ti [100] ayaü kho sà màrisa ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyà ti. yassa kassaci màrisa - bhikkhussa và bhikkhuõiyà và upàsakassa và upàsikàya và - ayaü ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà suggahità, bhavissati samattà pariyàputà, taÿ-ce amanusso - yakkho và yakkhiõã và yakkhapotako và yakkhapotikà và yakkhamahàmatto và yakkhapàrisajjo và yakkhapacàro và gandhabbo và gandhabbã và gandhabbapotako và gandhabbapotikà và gandhabbamahàmatto và gandhabbapàrisajjo và gandhabbapacàro và kumbhaõóo và kumbhaõóã và kumbhaõóapotako và kumbhaõóapotikà và kumbhaõóamahàmatto và kumbhaõóapàrisajjo và kumbhaõóapacàro và nàgo và nàginã và nàgapotako và nàgapotikà và nàgamahàmatto và nàgapàrisajjo và nàgapacàro và - 1 PPV2: durato 375 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü paduññhacitto gacchantaü và anugaccheyya, ñhitaü và upatiññheyya, nisinnaü và upanisãdeyya, nipannaü và upanipajjeyya, na me so màrisa amanusso labheyya gàmesu và nigamesu và sakkàraü và garukàraü và. na me so màrisa amanusso labheyya àlakamandàya ràjadhàniyà vatthuü và vàsaü và. na me so màrisa amanusso1 labheyya yakkhànaü samitiü gantuü. api-ssu naü màrisa amanussà anavayham-pi naü kareyyuü avivayhaü. api-ssu naü màrisa amanussà attàhi pi paripuõõàhi paribhàsàhi paribhàseyyuü. api-ssu naü màrisa amanussà rittam-pi pattaü sãse nikkujjeyyuü. apissu naü màrisa amanussà sattadhà pissa muddhaü phàleyyuü. santi hi màrisa amanussà caõóà, ruddà, rabhasà, te neva mahàràjànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, te kho te màrisa amanussà mahàràjànaü avaruddhà nàma vuccanti. seyyathà pi màrisa raÿÿo màgadhassa vijite corà, te neva raÿÿo màgadhassa àdiyanti, na raÿÿo màgadhassa purisakànaü àdiyanti, na raÿÿo màgadhassa purisakànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, te kho te màrisa mahàcorà raÿÿo màgadhassa avaruddhà nàma vuccanti. evam-eva kho màrisa santi hi amanussà caõóà, ruddà, rabhasà, te neva mahàràjànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, na mahàràjànaü purisakànaü purisakànaü àdiyanti, te kho te màrisa amanussà mahàràjànaü avaruddhà nàma vuccanti. yo hi koci màrisa amanusso - yakkho và yakkhiõã và yakkhapotako và yakkhapotikà và yakkhamahàmatto và yakkhapàrisajjo và yakkhapacàro và gandhabbo và gandhabbã và gandhabbapotako và gandhabbapotikà và gandhabbamahàmatto và gandhabbapàrisajjo và gandhabbapacàro và kumbhaõóo và kumbhaõóã và kumbhaõóapotako và kumbhaõóapotikà và kumbhaõóamahàmatto và kumbhaõóapàrisajjo và kumbhaõóapacàro và nàgo và nàginã và nàgapotako và nàgapotikà và nàgamahàmatto và nàgapàrisajjo và nàgapacàro và - paduññhacitto bhikkhuü và bhikkhuõiü và upàsakaü và upàsikaü và, gacchantaü và anugaccheyya, ñhitaü và upatiññheyya, nisinnaü và upanisãdeyya, nipannaü và upanipajjeyya, imesaü yakkhànaü mahàyakkhànaü senàpatãnaü mahàsenàpatãnaü, ujjhàpetabbaü, vikkanditabbaü, viravitabbaü: ßayaü yakkho gaõhàti, ayaü yakkho àvisati, ayaü yakkho heñheti, ayaü yakkho viheñheti, ayaü yakkho hiüsati, ayaü yakkho vihiüsati, ayaü yakkho na muÿcatãû ti. 1 MPP: amanussà 376 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü katamesaü yakkhànaü, mahàyakkhànaü, senàpatãnaü mahàsenàpatãnaü? ÜÜÜÜÐÛÛÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ savipula indo, somo, varuõo ca, bhàradvàjo, pajàpatã,1 ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÛÜ candano, kàmaseññho ca, kinnughaõóu, nighaõóu ca, ÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ panàdo, opamaÿÿo ca, devasåto ca màtalã. [101] ÜÛÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ cittaseno ca gandhabbo, nalo ràjà janesabho, ÜÜÛÜÐÜÛÛÜÐÐÜÛÜÛÛÐÛÜÛÜ bhavipula sàtàgiro, hemavato, puõõako, karatiyo, guëo, [102] ÜÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ sãvako, mucalindo ca, vessàmitto, yugandharo, ÜÜÜÜÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÛÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ gopàlo,2 suppagedho ca, hiri nettã ca mandiyo, [103] ÜÜÛÜÜ(ÜÛÛÜ)ÜÛÜÐÐÛÛÜÛÛÜÐÛÜÛÜ tavipula ? paÿcàlacaõóo àlavako pajjuno sumano sumukho dadhãmukho,3 ÛÛÜÛÐÛÜÜÜÐÐÛÜÜÜÐÛÜÛÜ maõi, màõi, caro, dãgho, atho serissako saha - [104] imesaü yakkhànaü mahàyakkhànaü senàpatãnaü mahàsenàpatãnaü, ujjhàpetabbaü, vikkanditabbaü, viravitabbaü: ßayaü yakkho gaõhàti, ayaü yakkho àvisati, ayaü yakkho heñheti, ayaü yakkho viheñheti, ayaü yakkho hiüsati, ayaü yakkho vihiüsati, ayaü yakkho na muÿcatãû ti. ayaü kho sà màrisa ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyà ti. handa ca dàni mayaü màrisa gacchàma, bahukiccà mayaü bahukaraõãyàû ti. ßyassa dàni tumhe mahàràjàno kàlaü maÿÿathàû ti. atha kho bhikkhave cattàro mahàràjà4 uññhàyàsanà maü abhivàdetvà padakkhiõaü katvà, tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. 5te pi kho bhikkhave6 yakkhà uññhàyàsanà app-ekacce maü abhivàdetvà padakkhiõaü katvà, tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app-ekacce mama saddhiü sammodiüsu, sammodanãyaü kathaü sàrànãyaü vãtisàretvà tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app-ekacce yenàhaü tenaÿjaliü paõàmetvà tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app-ekacce nàmagottaü sàvetvà tatthevantaradhàyiüsu. app- ekacce tuõhãbhåtà tatthevantaradhàyiüså ti. 1 MPP, PPV2: pajàpati, but cf. above vs. 49 2 CBhp: gopalo 3 MPP, PPV2: dadhimukho, but cf above vs. 52 4 PPV: mahàràjàno 5 CBhp: omits this and the following line, presumably by mistake 6 MPP omits bhikkhave 377 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Catutthakabhàõavàraü uggaõhàtha bhikkhave ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü, pariyàpuõàtha bhikkhave ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü. dhàretha bhikkhave ßàñànàñiyaüû rakkhaü, atthasaühitàya bhikkhave ßàñànàñiyàû rakkhà, bhikkhånaü, bhikkhuõãnaü, upàsakànaü, upàsikànaü, guttiyà, rakkhàya, avihiüsàya, phàsuvihàràyàû ti. idam-avoca bhagavà, attamanà te bhikkhå bhagavato bhàsitaü abhinandun-ti. Catutthabhàõavàraü niññhitaü1 Catubhàõavàrapàëi niññhitaü2 1 CBhp omits niññhitaü 2 MPP, PPV, PPV2 omit this end title. 378 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index aüsà, 20 25, 26 atthaü, 27 akaüsu, 23 ajjhàyakakule, 27 atthakusalena, 9 akaññhapàkimaü, 291, ajjhupagato, 6 atthaïgamà, 28 292 aÿjaliü, 291, 292 atthasaühitàya, 292 akaõaü, 291, 292 aÿjalikaranãyo, 16 atthàya, 24 akaruü, 23 aÿÿaü, 26, 27 atthi, 4, 6, 8, 20, 22, 27 akàliko, 16 aÿÿataraÿÿatarena, 28 atthã, 27 akàsi, 23 aÿÿatarà, 7, 26 atthu, 23 akiõiññhakà, 22 aÿÿataro, 10, 25 attho, 24 akuppà, 22 aÿÿatra, 25 ath', 10, 16, 21 akusalànaü, 28 aÿÿam, 9 atha, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, akusale, 20 aÿÿassa, 9 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, akusalehi, 28 aÿÿà, 21, 22 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 291, akkudho, 12 aÿÿàsi, 22 292 akkhadhutto, 26 aÿÿe, 21, 23, 24 athassu, 21 akkhàtà, 17, 18, 19 aÿÿena, 25 athusaü, 291, 292 akkhàto, 17, 18, 19 aÿÿo, 6 atho, 8, 21, 291, 292 akhilaü, 23 aññãyati, 20 adinnaü, 27 agaüsu, 23 aññha, 3, 8, 16 adinnàdànà, 2, 28, 291, agàrasmà, 25 aññhaüsu, 23 292 aggi, 11, 12, 27 aññhako, 21 adukkhaü, 28 aggikabhàradvàjaü, 27 aññhaïgiko, 22, 28 adesayã, 8 aggikabhàradvàjassa, 27 aññhangiko, 3 adesesi, 291, 292 aggikabhàradvàjo, 27 aññhamaü, 8, 26 addakkhuü, 23 aggisikhàriva, 23 aññhamo, 21, 26 addasà, 25, 27 aïgãrasassa, 291, 292 aññhàsi, 7, 14, 15, 25, 26 addasuü, 23 aïgo, 21 aññhi, 4, 20 addiññhà, 9 acintayuü, 7 aññhimiÿjà, 4, 20 addhànaü, 23 acirapakkantassa, 28 aõõavaü, 24 adhigato, 6 aciråpasampanno, 25 atappà, 22 adhiññhànàbhinivesànusa accayena, 292 atappànaü, 22 yà, 20 accutagàmabyàmako, 21 atikkamma, 22 adhiññheyya, 9 accutà, 23 atimaÿÿeti, 12, 26 adhivàsanaü, 291, 292 accuto, 21 atimaÿÿetha, 9 adhivàsesi, 291 acceti, 24 atãtam, 23 adho, 9, 20 acchambhi, 16 atãtayobbano, 26 anagàriyaü, 25 ajahito, 12 attakilamathànuyogo, anatimànã, 9 ajesi, 21 22 anattasaÿÿà, 20 ajja, 13, 24 attaguttiyà, 10 anattà, 20 ajjatagge, 24, 27 attaparittàyà, 10 anattànupassã, 20 ajjhagam, 21 attamanà, 6, 11, 22, 28, anattham, 27 ajjhagamuü, 21 292 anatthasaühito, 22 ajjhagà, 8 attamano, 17, 18 ananugiddho, 9 ajjhattaü, 28 attarakkhàya, 10 ananussutesu, 22 ajjhattikabàhiresu, 20 attasammàpaõidhi, 7 anabhàvaü, 20 ajjhattikàni, 3 attahetu, 27 anabhiratasaÿÿà, 20 ajjhapattà, 23 attà, 6 anarahà, 27 ajjhabhàsi, 7, 14, 15, 24, attàhi, 291, 292 anariyo, 22 381 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index anavajjatà, 5 anejakà, 23 appamattà, 8 anavajjàni, 7 anejà, 23 appamatto, 24, 25 anavayham, 291, 292 anottàpã, 27 appamàõasubhà, 22 anavasesà, 9 anomanikkamo, 21 appamàõasubhànaü, 22 anàkulà, 7 antaü, 4, 7, 10, 14, 15, appamàõàbhà, 22 anàgatam, 23 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 291, appamàõàbhànaü, 22 anàthapiõóikassa, 6, 7, 292 appamàõo, 10, 22 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 20, antaguõaü, 4, 20 appamàdena, 24 26, 27 antaradhànaü, 28 appamàdo, 7 anàlayo, 22, 28 antaradhàyiüsu, 291, 292 appameyye, 21 anàvilà, 23 antaradhàyiüså, 291, 292 appasaddàni, 291, 292 anàsavaü, 23 antarahità, 23 appasannà, 291, 292 anàsavo, 21 antalikkhe, 8, 15, 291, appaharite, 25 aniccaü, 20 292 appàõake, 25 aniccan, 20 antà, 22 appiyaü, 291, 292 aniccasaÿÿà, 20 antimadehadhàrã, 21 appiyehi, 22 aniccà, 20 antimà, 22 abiõhaü, 6 aniccànupassã, 20 ante, 22 abbhaÿÿàsi, 25 anivattantaü, 25 antoparisoko, 28 abbhuggaÿchi, 22 anãghà, 21 antosoko, 28 abyàpajjhaparamatàyà, anãgho, 21 andhakàre, 15, 24, 25, 5 anukampaü, 20 27 abrahmacariyà, 2 anukassàmi, 23 annena, 25 abrahmacàrãhi, 6 anugaccheyya, 291, 292 apamàro, 20 abhabbatà, 8 anuggàhakà, 28 aparaü, 10, 16, 25 abhabbo, 8 anujànàmi, 10 aparà, 23 abhayaü, 23 anuññhàtà, 26 aparàjitasaïghan, 23 abhàsi, 14, 15, 20, 23, anuññhitàya, 11 aparàjità, 7 291, 292 anuttaraü, 16, 22, 25, aparàjito, 21 abhikkantaü, 24, 25, 27 28 apariggahà, 291, 292 abhikkantavaõõà, 7, 26, anuttaro, 8, 16 aparimàõaü, 9 291, 292 anutràsi, 16 aparena, 291, 292 abhikkantà, 23 anupagamma, 9, 22 aparo, 21 abhikkantàya, 7, 26, 291, anupariyanti, 291, 292 apalàyã, 16 292 anupubbaso, 23 apàdakehi, 10 abhikkante, 23 anuppannànaü, 28 apàdako, 10 abhikkamanti, 17, 18 anuppàdàya, 28 apàyaü, 23 abhikkamo, 17, 18 anuyanti, 291, 292 api, 8, 16, 24, 291, 292 abhikkamosànaü, 17, 18 anurakkhe, 9 apisuõà, 291, 292 abhikkàmi, 23 anuvicca, 6 apesayã, 23 abhikkàmuü, 23 anusàsati, 27 app, 23, 291, 292 abhijjhàdomanassaü, 28 anussarataü, 16 appakicco, 9 abhiÿÿà, 25 anussaramàno, 14, 15 appagabbho, 9 abhiÿÿàya, 17, 18, 19, anussaretha, 16 appañivijjhanto, 11 22, 23 anussareyyàtha, 16 appañiviratà, 291, 292 abhiñhànàni, 8 anussàvesuü, 22 appativattiyaü, 22, 28 abhiõham, 27 anekapariyàyena, 24, appanigghosàni, 291, 292 abhiõhaso, 291, 292 25, 27 appabhogo, 26 abhinandi, 17, 18 382 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index abhinandun, 6, 11, 22, ariya, 22 asayaüvasã, 23 28, 292 ariyaÿàõadassanaviseso, asayho, 21 abhinibbatti, 28 6 asàtaü, 28 abhipàleti, 291, 292 ariyasaccaü, 22, 28 asitàtigaü, 23 abhippamodayaü, 20 ariyasaccan, 22 asito, 21 abhiramàmã, 6 ariyasaccassa, 28 asãtiü, 291, 292 abhiråhitvà, 291, 292 ariyasaccànaü, 28 asukhaü, 28 abhivassati, 23 ariyasaccànadassanaü, asucino, 20 abhivàdetvà, 7, 10, 19, 7 asubhasaÿÿà, 20 20, 23, 26, 291, 292 ariyasaccàni, 3, 8, 28 asubhànupassã, 20 abhisamecca, 9 ariyasaccesu, 22 asurà, 23 abhisambuddhà, 22 ariyasàvako, 28 asurindaü, 14, 15 abhãru, 16 ariyà, 28 asurindena, 14, 15 abhojaneyyaü, 25 ariyo, 3, 21, 22, 26, 28 asurindo, 14, 15 amataü, 8 aruõà, 23 asevanà, 7 amatapphalà, 25 alattha, 25 asesaviràganirodho, 22, amataphalaü, 25 alam, 6 28 amanàpaü, 291, 292 alaso, 26 asokaü, 7 amanussà, 291, 292 avajànati, 27 asnàti, 12 amanussànaü, 11 avaruddhà, 291, 292 asmà, 24 amanussànadassanaü, avicàraü, 28 'smi, 14, 15 23 avitakkaü, 28 assa, 9, 11, 12 amanussànam, 23 avidåre, 9 assatarà, 23 amanusso, 291, 292 aviråëhicchandà, 8 assayànaü, 291, 292 amamà, 291, 292 avivayhaü, 291, 292 assasati, 20 amittà, 12 avihà, 22 assasanto, 20 amitte, 12 avihànaü, 22 assasàmã, 20 aminà, 27 avihiüsàya, 291, 292 assasissàmã, 20 ambara, 291, 292 avihiüsàsaïkappo, 28 assàma, 28 ambaravatiyo, 291, 292 avãtadoso, 16 assu, 4, 20 'mhi, 6 avãtamoho, 16 'haü, 6, 10, 23, 24 ayaü, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, avãtaràgo, 16 ahaü, 22, 24, 25, 27, 292 291, 292 avecca, 8 ahaÿ, 16 ayaÿ, 22 averaü, 9 aham, 25 ayam, 22, 28 avoc', 28 ahi, 10 ayasmà, 17, 18, 20 avoca, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, ahinà, 10 araÿÿagatànaü, 16 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, ahiràjakulaü, 10 araÿÿagato, 20 24, 25, 27, 28, 291, 292 ahiràjakulam, 10 araÿÿe, 16, 291, 292 avocuü, 10 ahiràjakulàni, 10 arahaü, 16, 27 avyàpàdasaïkappo, 28 ahiriko, 27 arahataü, 24, 25 asataü, 26, 27 ahu, 27 arahatà, 28 asantassa, 26 ahå, 21, 23, 291, 292 arahantaü, 14, 15 asapattaü, 9 ahesuü, 21, 23 arahantehi, 23 asamà, 23 aho, 28 arahanto, 23 asampakampiyo, 8 ahosi, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23 arahà, 3 asambàdhaü, 9 ahosã, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, ariññhakà, 23 asammåëho, 11 25 ariññho, 21, 291, 292 asammosàya, 28 àkaïkhamànà, 7 383 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index àkaïkhasã, 24 àbàdhà, 17, 18, 19, 20 àhuti, 27 àkappo, 6 àbàdhiko, 17, 18, 19, 20 àhuneyyo, 16 àga, 23 àbàdho, 17, 18, 19, 20 iïgha, 24 àgacchantaü, 27 àbhassarà, 22 icc, 23 àgaccheyyà, 28 àbhassarànaü, 22 icchaü, 22, 28 àgaccheyyun, 28 àbhujitvà, 20 icchati, 27 àgaÿchuü, 23, 27 àmantayã, 23 icchà, 28 àgataü, 27 àmantesi, 6, 11, 16, 21, icchàya, 28 àgamà, 10 22, 23, 28, 292 iccheyya, 9 àgamã, 24 àyatanànaü, 28 iÿjayuü, 23 àgamuü, 23 àyatanàni, 3 iõam, 27 àgamma, 14, 15, 26 àyatanesu, 20 iti, 5, 16, 20, 22, 23, 26, àgu, 23 àyatike, 8 27, 291, 292 àcikkhatã, 291, 292 àyasmato, 20, 22, 28 ito, 291, 292 àcikkhanà, 28 àyasmantaü, 17, 18, 19 itthattàyàti, 25 àcikkhanti, 28 àyasmà, 17, 18, 19, 20, itthidhutto, 26 àcikkhituü, 28 25, 28 itthivàhanaü, 291, 292 àcikkhissàmi, 21, 23 àyàsitattaü, 28 itthisoõóiü, 26 àcikkheyya, 24, 25, 27 àyàso, 28 'daü, 27 àjãvaü, 28 àyuno, 28 idaü, 10, 16, 20, 22, 28 àjãvo, 22, 28 àyusà, 9 idam, 6, 8, 10, 11, 16, àñànàñà, 291, 292 àrati, 7 17, 18, 19, 22, 28, 292 àñànàñiyaü, 291, 292 àrabbha, 14, 15 iddhimato, 23 àñànàñiyà, 291, 292 àrabhati, 28 iddhimanto, 23 àtappam, 23 àràme, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, idh, 20 àtàpã, 25, 28 15, 16, 20, 26, 27 idha, 8, 9, 10 àdàya, 25, 27 àruyha, 27 indakhãlo, 8 àdiccabandhunaü, 291, àlakamandà, 291, 292 indanàmà, 23, 291, 292 292 àlakamandàya, 291, 292 inde, 23 àdicco, 291, 292 àlavakassa, 24 indo, 291, 292 àdiyati, 27 àlavako, 24, 291, 292 indriyànaü, 28 àdiyanti, 8, 291, 292 àlavim, 24 indriyàni, 23 àdãnavasaÿÿà, 20 àlaviyaü, 24 imaÿ, 23 àdãnavànupassã, 20 àloko, 22 imaü, 13, 14, 15, 21, 23, àdãnavo, 20 àvahàti, 24 25, 291, 292 àdeti, 27 àvisati, 291, 292 imam, 20 àdevanà, 28 àvuso, 24, 28 imasmiü, 4, 20, 21, 291, àdevitattaü, 28 àsanà, 28, 291, 292 292 àdevo, 28 àsane, 17, 18 imasmiÿ, 22 àdhipati, 23, 291, 292 àsavà, 23 imassa, 5, 21 ànantarikaÿ, 8 àsi, 23 imà, 20, 291, 292 ànanda, 20 àsevitàya, 11 imàni, 10 ànandanando, 21 àha, 25 ime, 6, 11, 17, 18, 19, ànando, 20 àhaüsu, 21 21, 28 ànàpànasati, 20 àhacca, 23 imena, 23 àneti, 26 àhàraññhitikà, 3 imesaü, 28, 291, 292 àpàdetà, 28 àhàre, 25 imesu, 20, 22 àpo, 23 àhu, 8, 9, 24 iva, 12 384 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index isigili, 21 uttarimanussadhammà, upasamàya, 22 isigiliü, 21 6 upasampajja, 25, 28 isigilismiü, 21 uttarena, 291, 292 upasampadaü, 25 isigilissa, 21 uttaro, 21 upasampadan, 25 isigilã, 21 uttànãkammaü, 28 upasãdarã, 21 isipatane, 22, 28 uttànãkamman, 28 upàgamuü, 23 isã, 21 uttànãkàtun, 28 upàdàyà, 20 issarà, 23 utràsi, 16 upàdiyanto, 20 issariyasmiü, 26 uda, 8 upàyàsitattaü, 28 issà, 26 udake, 25 upàyàso, 28 ãsà, 25 udapàdi, 21, 22 upàyupàdànà, 20 ãsànassa, 16 udariyaü, 4, 20 upàsakaü, 24, 27, 291, ukkujjeyya, 24, 25, 27 udare, 25 292 uggacchati, 291, 292 udànaü, 22 upàsakassa, 291, 292 uggacchatã, 291, 292 udànesi, 22 upàsakànaü, 291, 292 uggacchamànassa, 291, udetayaü, 13 upàsabho, 21 292 uddhaü, 9, 20 upàsikaü, 291, 292 uggaõhàtu, 291, 292 upajãvanti, 12 upàsikànaü, 291, 292 uggaõhàtha, 292 upaññhapetvà, 20 upàsikàya, 291, 292 uggate, 291, 292 upaññhahassu, 25 upekkhako, 28 uggatejo, 15 upaññhànaü, 7, 27 upekkhà, 28 uggahetvà, 20 upaññhite, 27 upekkhàsambojjhaïgo, uccaïgamàyo, 21 upañhitaü, 291, 292 17, 18, 19 uccayo, 21 upatiññheyya, 291, 292 uposatho, 21 uccàro, 20 upadissare, 27 uppajjati, 28 uccàsayanamahàsayanà, upadhiü, 21 uppajjanti, 20 2 upanando, 21 uppajjeyya, 16 ujuü, 20 upanàmesi, 25 uppannaü, 20 ujukaü, 23 upanàhã, 27 uppannànaü, 5, 28 ujupañipanno, 16 upanipajjeyya, 291, 292 uppannuppanne, 20 ujå, 9 upanisãdeyya, 291, 292 uppalo, 21 ujjhàpetabbaü, 291, 292 upanemiso, 21 uppàdàya, 28 uññhàtà, 24 upapanno, 23 uppàdessàmi, 5 uõõànàbhi, 10 upariññho, 21 ubho, 22 uõhaü, 20 upavadatã, 6 ummàpupphanibhàsino, uõhassa, 5 upavadantã, 6 23 utupariõàmajà, 20 upavadeyyuü, 9 ullokayataü, 16 utuparissayavinodanaü, upavhayantà, 23 ullokeyyàtha, 16 5 upasaïkamatu, 20 uëàrà, 291, 292 uttamaü, 7 upasaïkami, 7, 14, 15, uëàro, 22 uttamatthe, 28 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, usabhacchidà, 21 uttaman, 7 26, 27 åpakàlà, 21 uttamo, 12 upasaïkamiüsu, 10, 291, åpatissà, 21 uttaraü, 23 292 åpanãto, 21 uttarakurå, 291 upasaïkamitvà, 7, 10, åhacca, 23 uttaraÿ, 23 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, eka, 3 uttarà, 291, 292 23, 24, 25, 26, 291, 292 ekaü, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, uttariü, 11 upasaïkameyyàma, 23 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 385 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, esa, 16, 24, 25, 27 kathan, 24 27, 28 esaü, 23 kadariyo, 27 ekakhuraü, 291, 292 esanà, 13 kapilavatthusmiü, 23 ekacce, 291, 292 esà, 21, 25 kapãvanto, 291, 292 ekajaü, 27 ehipassiko, 16 kappeti, 28 ekanàmà, 291, 292 okkanti, 28 kamati, 11 ekanàlàyaü, 25 oghaü, 24 kampati, 7 ekaputtam, 9 oghatiõõam, 23 kambal, 23 ekam, 7, 10, 14, 15, 19, ojasi, 291, 292 kammaü, 6, 8, 27 20, 23, 25, 26, 291, 292 oññhavacittakà, 291, 292 kammadàyàdo, 6 ekaràjà, 13 odàtagayhà, 23 kammanà, 27 ekà, 23 odàtamanasà, 23 kammantà, 7 ekàdasa, 11 opakkamikà, 20 kammanto, 25 ekàdasamaü, 26 opanayiko, 16 kammapañisaraõo, 6 ekàdasamo, 26 opamaÿÿo, 23, 291, 292 kammabandhu, 6 ekàdasànisaüsà, 11 opilàpesi, 25 kammayoni, 6 eke, 23 opilàpehã, 25 kammavipàkajà, 20 eko, 25, 26, 291, 292 obhàsetvà, 7, 26, 291, 292 kammassako, 6 ekodibhàvaü, 28 obhàso, 22 kammàni, 7 etaü, 7, 9, 20, 21, 22, ovaraõaü, 291, 292 kammesu, 27 25, 26, 28, 291, 292 kaüsapàtiyà, 25 karaõãyaü, 24, 25 etad, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, kakusandhassa, 291, 292 karaõãyam, 9 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, kacci, 6, 17, 18 karaõãyo, 6 25, 27, 28, 291, 292 kacchu, 20 karatiyo, 291, 292 etaparamà, 23 kaÿci, 9, 10 karissàmi, 6 etarahi, 23 kaññhakà, 23 karãsaü, 4, 20 etassa, 21 kaññhà, 25 karumhà, 23 etàdisàni, 7 kaõóu, 20 kareyya, 10 etàni, 8 kaõõarogo, 20 kareyyuü, 291, 292 eti, 12 kaõhasenaü, 23 karoti, 8, 11 etã, 9 kaõhassa, 23 karotha, 8 ete, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, kaõhàgotamakaü, 10 karomi, 25 27 kaõhàgotamakehi, 10 karohã, 24 etena, 8 kaõho, 21 kalandakanivàpe, 17, etesu, 8 kataü, 25 18, 19 etha, 23 kataÿÿutà, 7 kalebarassa, 28 enaü, 21 katapuÿÿatà, 7 kalyàõaü, 6 eràpathaü, 10 katamaÿ, 28 kasatã, 25 eràpathehi, 10 katamà, 20, 22, 28 kasassu, 25 eràvaõo, 23 katamàni, 10 kasàmi, 25 eva, 5, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, katame, 6, 11, 17, 18, 19 kasiü, 25 27, 28, 291, 292 katamesaü, 28, 291, 292 kasitvà, 25 evaü, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, katamo, 28 kasitvàna, 25 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, katà, 10 kasã, 25 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, katthaci, 9 kasãbhàradvàjassa, 25 27, 28, 291, 292 katvà, 13, 27, 291, 292 kasãbhàradvàjo, 25 evam, 9, 21, 23, 24, 25, katvàna, 7, 23 kassa, 25 27, 291, 292 kathaü, 6, 24, 291, 292 kassako, 25 386 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index kassaci, 291, 292 kilàso, 20 kevalakappaü, 7, 26, kassapa, 17 kilomakaü, 4, 20 291, 292 kassapassa, 291, 292 kissa, 16, 291, 292 kevalà, 10 kàtuü, 8 kãvaÿ, 22 kevalinaü, 25 kàpilavatthavà, 23 kukutthakà, 291, 292 kesamatthakà, 20 kàpilavatthave, 23 kukkuccavåpasantaü, kesà, 4, 20 kàmataõhà, 22, 28 25 kesã, 21 kàmaràgaü, 27 kucchirogo, 20 kokilàbhi, 291, 292 kàmavitakkaü, 20 kuñeõóu, 23 koci, 23, 291, 292 kàmasukhallikànuyogo, kuññhaü, 20 koõàgamanassa, 291, 292 22 kumàravàhanaü, 291, koõóaÿÿassa, 22 kàmaseññho, 23, 291, 292 292 koõóaÿÿo, 22 kàmesu, 9, 22, 28, 291, kumàrivàhanaü, 291, kodhano, 27 292 292 kodhapaÿÿàõo, 26 kàmehi, 28 kumbhaõóapacàro, 291, kosalo, 21 kàyaü, 20 292 khaõena, 22 kàyagutto, 25 kumbhaõóapàrisajjo, khaõóiccaü, 28 kàyarogo, 20 291, 292 khattiyà, 27 kàyasaïkhàraü, 20 kumbhaõóapotako, 291, khattiye, 26 kàyasamphassajaü, 28 292 khattiyo, 12 kàyassa, 5 kumbhaõóapotikà, 291, khantã, 7 kàyà, 23 292 khantyà, 24 kàyànupassã, 28 kumbhaõóamahàmatto, khandhànaü, 28 kàyikaü, 28 291, 292 khamanãyaü, 17, 18 kàye, 4, 20, 28 kumbhaõóasenàya, 291, khayaü, 8 kàyena, 8, 28 292 khióóàpadåsikà, 23 kàyo, 20 kumbhaõóànaü, 23 khipissàmi, 24 kàl', 21 kumbhaõóã, 291, 292 khipissàmã, 24 kàlaü, 10, 11, 291, 292 kumbhaõóo, 291, 292 khipeyya, 24 kàlakaÿjà, 23 kumbhaõóhànaü, 291, khãõaü, 8 kàlakato, 10 292 khãõabãjà, 8 kàlakiriyà, 28 kumbhaõóhehi, 291, 292 khãõà, 25 kàle, 6 kumbhãro, 23 khãõàsavaü, 25 kàlena, 7 kurute, 26 khuddaü, 9 kàso, 20 kulaputtà, 25 khettaü, 25 kiü, 3, 24, 26 kule, 26 khette, 12 kiÿc', 8 kulesu, 9 khemaü, 7 kiÿci, 8, 9, 22 kuëãrakà, 291, 292 khemam, 23 kiÿcikkhaü, 27 kuveranalinã, 291, 292 khemàbhirato, 21 kiÿcikkhakamyatà, 27 kuverassa, 291, 292 khemino, 9 kiÿcikkham, 27 kuvero, 23, 291, 292 khemiyà, 23 kittayato, 21 kusalànaü, 28 kheëo, 4, 20 kittayissàmi, 21, 23 kusalena, 291, 292 kho, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, kittiü, 24 kusinàñà, 291, 292 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, kittiÿ, 12 keci, 9, 23 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, kin, 14, 15 ketumà, 21 28, 291, 292 kinnughaõóu, 23, 291, ketumbaràgo, 21 khvàhaü, 24, 25, 27 292 kenaci, 22, 28 gacchati, 25 387 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index gacchantaü, 291, 292 gàthàbhigãtaü, 25 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 291, gacchanti, 7 gàthàya, 7, 14, 15, 24, 292 gacchàma, 291, 292 25, 26 cakkhuü, 20, 22 gacchàmi, 1, 24, 25, 27 gàmaü, 24 cakkhukaraõã, 22 gaccheyya, 25 gàmà, 24 cakkhumatà, 23 gaõóo, 20 gàmàni, 27 cakkhumantassa, 291, gaõhatha, 23 gàme, 27 292 gaõhàti, 291, 292 gàmesu, 291, 292 cakkhumanto, 24, 25, 27 gatan, 24, 27 gàrayhà, 27 cakkhumà, 13, 23 gatayobbanaü, 26, 27 gàravo, 7 cakkhurogo, 20 gatàse, 23 gàviü, 291, 292 caõóà, 291, 292 gato, 14, 15 gàvo, 12 caõóàlaputto, 27 gantuü, 291, 292 gijjhakåñaü, 21, 291, 292 catutthaü, 26 gantvà, 25, 27 gijjhakåñassa, 21 catuttham, 24 ganthati, 24 gijjhakåñe, 18, 291 catuttho, 26 gandhabbapacàro, 291, gimhànamàse, 8 catuddisaü, 291, 292 292 gimhe, 8 catunnaü, 23, 28 gandhabbapàrisajjo, 291, giràhi, 23 catuppadehi, 10 292 girigabbharaü, 23 catuppado, 10 gandhabbapotako, 291, girimànandassa, 20 catubbhi, 8 292 girimànando, 20 caturo, 23, 24 gandhabbapotikà, 291, gilatã, 21 catusu, 22 292 gilànapaccayabhesajjapa catåhapàyehi, 8 gandhabbamahàmatto, rikkhàraü, 5 cattànaü, 27 291, 292 gilã, 15 cattàri, 3, 8, 10, 16, 28 gandhabbasenàya, 291, gutijjito, 21 cattàro, 23, 291, 292 292 guttà, 13 candaü, 14, 23 gandhabbà, 23 guttiyà, 291, 292 candano, 23, 291, 292 gandhabbànaü, 23, 291, gumbaü, 291, 292 candam, 23 292 guëo, 291, 292 candassåpanisà, 23 gandhabbã, 291, 292 gedhaü, 9 candimaü, 14 gandhabbehi, 291, 292 gotama, 24, 25, 27 candiman, 14 gandhabbo, 23, 291, 292 gotamaü, 24, 25, 26, 27, candimà, 14 gandhà, 20 291, 292 caraü, 9, 15 gandhàro, 21 gotaman, 291, 292 carati, 13 gabbhaseyyaü, 9 gotamasàsanamhi, 8 caranti, 23 gamissanti, 23 gotamassa, 25 caramàno, 27 gameti, 20 gotamena, 24, 25, 27 caro, 291, 292 gambhãrapaÿÿena, 8 gotamo, 24, 25, 27 cavanatà, 28 gambhãro, 291, 292 gottatthaddho, 26 cà, 5 gammo, 22 gopàlo, 291, 292 càgà, 24 garahàya, 27 gharamesino, 24 càgo, 22, 24, 28 garu, 12 gharà, 12 càtummahàràjikà, 22 garukàraü, 291, 292 ghàõaü, 20 càyasmato, 17, 18 gahaññhaü, 27 ghàõarogo, 20 cicciñàyati, 25 gahito, 14, 15 c', 9, 20, 22, 25 ciñiciñàyati, 25 gahetvà, 23, 24 ca, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, cittaü, 7, 11, 20, 24, 28 gàthaü, 14, 15, 23 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, cittapañisaüvedã, 20 388 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index cittamattano, 23 jarà, 22, 28 jhànaü, 28 cittasaïkhàraü, 20 jaràdhammà, 28 ÿàtakànaÿ, 7 cittasaïkhàrapañisaüved jaràdhammànaü, 28 ñhapetvà, 291, 292 ã, 20 jaro, 20 ñhànaü, 20 cittaseno, 23, 291, 292 jalam, 23 ñhànaso, 20 cittànupassã, 28 jahità, 8 ñhàpàpeti, 26 citte, 28 jahã, 21 ñhitaü, 14, 15, 25 cittena, 10 jàtaråparajatapañiggaha ñhità, 7, 23, 26 citrà, 23 õà, 2 ñhitiyà, 5, 28 ciranivàsino, 21 jàtassa, 28 óaüsamakasavàtàtapasi ciranivàsã, 21 jàtà, 27 riüsapasamphassànaü, cirasseva, 25 jàti, 22, 25, 27, 28 5 cãvaraü, 5 jàtitthaddho, 26 óaho, 20 cujjamàno, 27 jàtidhammà, 28 ta ayaü, 14, 15 cuti, 28 jàtidhammànaü, 28 ta, 291, 292 cuto, 12 jàtu, 9 taü, 7, 9, 13, 16, 19, 21, cunda, 19 jànanti, 291, 292 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, ce, 14, 15, 16, 291, 292 jànàtha, 27 28, 291, 292 cetasà, 8 jànàmi, 27 tagarasikhã, 21 cetasikaü, 28 jànàsi, 27 taggha, 17, 18, 19 cetaso, 20, 28 jànemu, 25 tacapariyantaü, 20 cetovimutti, 22 jàneyyaü, 27 taco, 4, 20 cetovimuttiyà, 11 jàyate, 26 tacchakà, 23 corà, 12, 291, 292 jàyanti, 291, 292 taÿ, 23, 291, 292 coro, 27 jàliniü, 21 taõóulapphalaü, 291, 292 cha, 3, 8 jàlino, 21 taõhakkhayo, 20 chaññhamaü, 26 jigucchati, 20 taõhacchido, 21 chaññhamo, 26 jighacchà, 20 taõhà, 22, 28 chaóóehi, 25 jiõõakaü, 26, 27 taõhàya, 22, 28 chandaü, 28 jità, 23 tatiyaü, 26, 28 chabyàputtaü, 10 jito, 21 tatiyam, 1, 24 chabyàputtehi, 10 jinaü, 291, 292 tatiyo, 26 chambhitattaü, 16 jivhà, 20 tato, 23, 291, 292 chasahassà, 23 jivhàrogo, 20 tatojasi, 291, 292 chasu, 20 jãraõatà, 28 tatotalà, 291, 292 chetvà, 23 jãvaüjãvakasaddettha, tatolà, 291, 292 jaccà, 27 291, 292 tattalà, 291, 292 jaÿÿà, 27 jãvanto, 14, 15 tattha, 23, 291, 292 janaü, 27 jãviü, 24 tatr', 27 janapadaü, 12 jãvikaü, 28 tatra, 6, 11, 16, 21, 22, janà, 291, 292 jãvikà, 6 23, 28 jane, 23 jãvitam, 24 tatratatràbhinandinã, 22, janeti, 28 jutãmanto, 23 28 janettã, 28 jetavanaü, 7, 26 tathà, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27 janesabho, 23, 291, 292 jetavane, 6, 7, 10, 11, tathàgataü, 8, 14, 15, 23 jano, 291, 292 14, 15, 16, 20, 26, 27 tathàgatasàvakassa, 25 janogham, 291, 292 jeto, 21 tathàgatassa, 25 jayanto, 21 jotinàmà, 23 tathàgatena, 8, 22, 28 389 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index tathàgato, 16 tumhàka, 16 dayà, 27 tathåpamaü, 8 tumhàkaü, 16 darito, 12 tatho, 21 tumhe, 21, 291, 292 daëhena, 8 tad, 23, 25, 27 tuvataü, 11 davàya, 5 tadassità, 23 tusità, 22, 23 dasa, 3, 6, 20, 291, 292 tadà, 23 tusitànaü, 22 dasadhammà, 6 tadàdhimutto, 21 te, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, dasadhà, 23 tapassino, 291, 292 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, dasamaü, 26 tapo, 7, 25 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, dasamo, 26 tam, 21, 22, 28 291, 292 dasasaÿÿà, 20 tamasã, 15 tejasi, 291, 292 dasasahassã, 22 tamhà, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28 tejo, 23 dasasu, 23 tamhi, 28 ten', 10 dasahaïgehi, 3 tayas, 8 tena, 8, 10, 14, 15, 17, dasahi, 23 tarati, 12, 24 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27 dasettha, 23 taratã, 24 telapajjotaü, 24, 25, 27 dassanaü, 7, 22 taramànaråpo, 14, 15 tesaü, 7, 21, 23, 28, 291, dassanasampadàya, 8 tasà, 9 292 dassanasampanno, 26 tasmà, 8, 291, 292 tesaÿ, 23 dassanàya, 23 tasmiü, 16 tesam, 23 dassanena, 9 tassa, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, tvaü, 20, 24, 25, 27 dànaÿ, 7 23, 27, 291, 292 tvam, 25 dànaveghasà, 23 tassà, 22, 26, 28, 292 tveva, 21, 22 dàni, 22, 23, 24, 291, 292 tass', 27 thanayaü, 23 dàyàdo, 6 tà, 23 thanayanto, 23 dàresu, 27 tàdisaü, 26 thalam, 23 dàrehi, 26 tàva, 22 thàvarà, 9 dàsà, 23 tàvatiüsà, 22 theyyà, 27 dijà, 23 tàvatiüsànaü, 22 dakkhiõaÿ, 23 diññhapadassa, 8 tàvatiüse, 16 dakkhiõà, 291, 292 diññhà, 9 ti, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, dakkhiõàgirismiü, 25 diññhiÿ, 9 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, dakkhiõena, 23 dinnaü, 24 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, dakkhiõeyyà, 8 dinnàni, 8 27, 28, 291, 292 dakkhiõeyyo, 16 dipàdakehi, 10 tiññhaü, 9 dakkhintã, 24, 25, 27 dipàdako, 10 tiññhasã, 14, 15 dakkhemoghataraü, 23 dibbaü, 291, 292 tiññhàhãti, 27 daññho, 10 dibbà, 23 tiparivaññaü, 22 daõóamàõavakàni, 291, divasaü, 13 timbarutthaniü, 26 292 divasasantatto, 25 timbarå, 23 dadaü, 24 divaso, 291, 292 tiriyaÿ, 9 daddallamànà, 23 divà, 8 tisahassà, 23 daddu, 20 disaü, 23, 291, 292 tiss, 21 dadhãmukho, 291, 292 disà, 23, 291, 292 tisso, 3, 23 dantarogo, 20 disodisaü, 291, 292 tãõi, 3 dantà, 4, 20 disvà, 21 tuõóikãre, 291, 292 dabbilo, 21 disvàna, 25, 27, 291, 292 tuõhãbhàvena, 291, 292 damà, 24 dissati, 26 tuõhãbhåtà, 291, 292 dammã, 25 dissanti, 21 390 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index dãghaü, 20 devànaü, 16, 22, 23 dhammànupassã, 28 dãghà, 9 devànamindassa, 16 dhamme, 8, 20, 25, 27 dãgho, 291, 292 devànamindo, 16 dhammena, 8 dukkhaü, 22, 24, 28 devànubhàvan, 22 dhammesu, 7, 22, 28 dukkhadhammena, 28 devàsurasaïgàmo, 16 dhammehi, 28 dukkhanirodhaü, 22, 28 deve, 16, 23 dhammo, 10, 16, 24, 25, dukkhanirodhagàminiyà devena, 22, 28 27 , 28 devesu, 23 dharaõã, 291, 292 dukkhanirodhagàminã, desanà, 28 dhàretu, 24, 27 22, 28 desissàmi, 21, 23 dhàretha, 292 dukkhanirodhassa, 28 deseti, 291, 292 dhàreyya, 24, 25, 27 dukkhanirodhe, 28 desetu, 27 dhitã, 24 dukkham, 9 desetuü, 28 dhãrà, 8 dukkhamålaü, 21 dehaü, 23 dhuradhorayhaü, 25 dukkhasamudayaü, 22, domanassaü, 28 dhuravà, 24 28 domanassupàyàsa, 28 na, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, dukkhasamudayassa, 28 domanassupàyàsadham 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, dukkhasamudaye, 28 mà, 28 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, dukkhassa, 28 dvàdasa, 21 26, 27, 28, 291, 292 dukkhà, 17, 18, 22, 28 dvàdasamaü, 26 naü, 9, 12, 23, 27, 291, dukkhito, 17, 18, 19, 20 dvàdasàkàraü, 22 292 dukkhe, 28 dvijaü, 27 nakkhattàni, 23 dukkho, 20, 22, 28 dve, 3, 21, 22 nakhà, 4, 20 duggaccà, 27 dhajaggaü, 16 nagarà, 291, 292 duggatiü, 27 dhataraññhà, 23 naïgalaü, 25 dutiyaü, 26, 28 dhataraññho, 23, 291, 292 naïgalasatàni, 25 dutiyam, 1, 24 dhanaü, 24 naïgalà, 291, 292 dutiyo, 26 dhanatthaddho, 26 naccagãtavàditavisåkada duve, 23 dhanahetu, 27 ssanà, 2 dåbhati, 12 dhammaü, 1, 8, 16, 24, naccagãtehi, 291, 292 dårato, 27, 291, 292 26, 27, 291, 292 nandiràgasahagatà, 22, dårannayo, 21 dhammakàmo, 26 28 dåre, 9 dhammacakkaü, 22, 28 nappasahanti, 12 deti, 27 dhammacakke, 22 namatthu, 13, 291, 292 devakàyaü, 23 dhammacakkhuü, 22 namassanti, 291, 292 devakàyà, 23 dhammacariyà, 7 namassamàno, 24 devakàyànaü, 23 dhammaÿ, 24, 25, 27 namassàma, 8 devatà, 7, 11, 12, 23, 26 dhammadessã, 26 namassàmi, 13 devanikàyà, 23 dhammam, 291, 292 namucã, 23 devaputtaü, 14, 15 dhammavaraü, 8 namo, 10, 13, 14, 15, devaputto, 14, 15 dhammavicayasambojjha 291, 292 devamanussapåjitaü, 8 ïgo, 17, 18, 19 naràsabhaü, 16 devamanussànaü, 16, dhammasamayaü, 23 naruttamànaü, 21 291, 292 dhammasavaõaü, 7 naro, 12, 26, 27 devayànam, 27 dhammasàkacchà, 7 nalo, 23, 291, 292 devaràjassa, 16 dhammassa, 24 nava, 3 devasåto, 23, 291, 292 dhammà, 6, 8, 20, 24 navaü, 8 devà, 7, 22, 23 dhammànaü, 28 navaÿ, 5 391 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index navanavatiyo, 291, 292 niccaphalà, 291, 292 nu, 6, 14, 15, 24 navamaü, 26 nijigiüsàno, 27 nåna, 10, 23 navamo, 26 nidassanaü, 27 ne, 8 nahàtakassa, 291, 292 niddànaü, 25 nekatikà, 291, 292 nahàru, 4, 20 niddàsãlã, 26 nekkhammasaïkappo, nàgaü, 23 nipako, 9 28 nàgapacàro, 291, 292 nipatitvà, 25 nettàni, 23 nàgapàrisajjo, 291, 292 nipannaü, 291, 292 nemi, 291, 292 nàgapotako, 291, 292 nibbanti, 8 nemiso, 21 nàgapotikà, 291, 292 nibbànagàmiü, 8 no, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, nàgamahàmatto, 291, 292 nibbànan, 20 21, 25, 28 nàgaràjànam, 23 nibbànapattiyà, 24 pakàsità, 27 nàgaràje, 23 nibbànasacchikiriyà, 7 pakàsito, 24, 25, 27 nàgasenàya, 291, 292 nibbànàya, 17, 18, 19, pakàsenti, 291, 292 nàgà, 23 22 pakkhandikà, 20 nàgànaü, 23, 291, 292 nibbutà, 291, 292 pakkhitto, 25 nàginã, 291, 292 nibbutiü, 8 pakkhivisuddhacakkhå, nàgehi, 291, 292 nimmàõaratino, 23 23 nàgo, 291, 292 nimmàõaratã, 22 paggaõhàti, 28 nàñapuriyà, 291, 292 nimmàõaratãnaü, 22 paggahità, 27 nàdhivàseti, 20 niyaü, 9 païgo, 21 nànattavaõõino, 23 niyyànikaü, 16 pacàrà, 291, 292 nànappakàrassa, 20 niràsà, 21 pacitvàna, 291, 292 nànàdijagaõàyutà, 291, nirujjhati, 291, 292 paccaÿÿàsiü, 22 292 nirodhadhamman, 22 paccattaü, 16 nànàbhàvo, 6 nirodhasaÿÿà, 20 paccavekkhati, 20 nàbhasà, 23 nirodhànupassã, 20 paccavekkhitabbaü, 6 nàma, 3, 21, 23, 25, 291, nirodho, 20 paccavekkhitabbà, 6 292 nivàto, 7 paccassosi, 27 nàmaü, 22 nivàreti, 27 paccassosuü, 6, 11, 16, nàmagottaü, 291, 292 nivàresi, 27 21, 23, 28 nàmaÿ, 3 nivàsino, 291, 292 paccudàvatti, 23 nàmanvayena, 23 nivàsetvà, 25, 27 paccekagàthaü, 23 nàmàni, 21, 23 nivesanaü, 23, 27 paccekabuddhà, 21 nikubbetha, 9 nivesane, 27 paccekabuddhànaü, 21 nikkàmino, 8 nisajja, 17, 18 paccekam, 21 nikkujjitaü, 24, 25, 27 nisàmetha, 8 paccekavasavattino, 23 nikkujjeyyuü, 291, 292 nisinnaü, 291, 292 paccekasambuddho, 21 nikkhama, 24 nisinnà, 10 paccesanto, 291, 292 nikkhami, 24 nisinno, 9, 20, 291, 292 pacch', 6, 23, 291, 292 nikkhamissàmi, 24 nisãdati, 20 pajaü, 15 nikkhepo, 28 nisãdi, 17, 18, 19, 20 pajahati, 20 nigamàni, 27 nisãdiüsu, 10, 291, 292 pajahanto, 20 nigame, 12 nissinaü, 19 pajànàti, 20 nigamesu, 291, 292 nihãno, 27 pajànàmi, 24 niggàhako, 27 nãcà, 291, 292 pajàpatissa, 16 nigrodham, 12 nãto, 21 pajàpatã, 291, 292 nighaõóu, 23, 291, 292 nãyanti, 291, 292 pajàya, 8, 22, 24, 25 392 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index pajàyanti, 12 pañinissaggo, 22, 28 patto, 27 pajjalati, 12 pañipadà, 22, 28 patthayati, 26 pajjalito, 27 pañipadàya, 28 padaü, 9, 21 pajjuno, 291, 292 pañipåjeti, 27 padakkhiõaü, 291, 292 pajjunno, 23 pañippassambhi, 20 padahati, 28 paÿca, 3 pañippassambheyya, 20 padissati, 26 paÿcapaccekabuddhasat pañippassambheyyà, 20 padãpo, 8 àni, 21 pañibujjhati, 11 paduññhacitto, 291, 292 paÿcamaü, 26 pañibhantu, 19 padumuttaro, 21 paÿcamattàni, 25 pañiråpadesavàso, 7 padumo, 21 paÿcamattehi, 23 pañilàbho, 28 pan', 20, 22 paÿcamo, 26 pañivandanaü, 12 pana, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, paÿcavaggiyà, 22 pañisaüvedeti, 28 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, paÿcavaggiye, 22 pañisaïkhà, 5 291, 292 paÿcasatà, 23 pañisaÿcikkhati, 20 panàdo, 23, 291, 292 paÿcasate, 23 pañisallànasàruppàni, panudanti, 25 paÿcasikho, 23 291, 292 panådanaü, 291, 292 paÿcasupàdànakkhandh pañisallànàràmatthaü, 5 pantàni, 291, 292 esu, 20 pañisevanti, 291, 292 panthasmiü, 27 paÿcàlacaõóo, 291, 292 pañisevàmi, 5 pappoti, 12, 24 paÿcupàdànakkhandhà, pañihaïkhàmi, 5 papphàsaü, 4, 20 3, 22, 28 paññhapanà, 28 pabbajanti, 25 paÿÿaü, 24 paññhapetuü, 28 pabbajitena, 6, 22 paÿÿatti, 21 pañhamaü, 28 pabbajjaü, 25 paÿÿatte, 17, 18 pañhamasmiü, 8 pabbataü, 21 paÿÿà, 22, 25 pañhamo, 26 pabbatan, 21 paÿÿàjãviü, 24 pañhaviü, 8 pabbatassa, 21 paÿÿàpanà, 28 pañhavippabhàsaü, 13 pabbatàto, 12 paÿÿàpetuü, 28 pañhavippabhàso, 13 pabbate, 18, 21, 291 paÿÿàya, 24 pañhavã, 23 pabbato, 21 paÿÿàyati, 17, 18 paõàmetvà, 291, 292 pabråti, 27 paÿhaü, 24 paõidhàya, 20 pabhaïkaro, 15 pañikkamanti, 17, 18 paõãtaü, 8, 20 pamàõavantàni, 10 pañikkamantu, 10 paõóavaü, 21 pamuccatã, 25 pañikkamo, 17, 18 paõóavassa, 21 pamuÿca, 15 pañikkamosànaü, 17, 18 paõóità, 23, 28 pamuÿcasi, 14, 15 pañighasaÿÿà, 9 paõóitànaÿ, 7 pamuÿcassu, 14, 15 pañighàtàya, 5 paõóito, 21, 26 pamocanaü, 25 pañicchannaü, 24, 25, patàyanti, 291, 292 payirupàsati, 23 27 patiññhaü, 12 payirupàsanti, 291, 292 pañicchannakammanto, patito, 12 payuttàni, 25 27 patidissati, 27 paraü, 9, 24 pañicchannena, 27 patiråpakàrã, 24 parakulaü, 27 pañicchàdàya, 8 patisallànà, 17, 18, 19 parakusitanàñà, 291, 292 pañijànati, 27 pattaü, 291, 292 parakusinàñà, 291, 292 pañijànàsi, 25 pattacãvaram, 25, 27 paraÿ, 27 pañinandito, 12 pattabbaü, 28 paradàresu, 26 pañinissaggànupassã, 20 pattipattà, 8 paranimmitavasavattino 393 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index , 22 palàyi, 16 pahãno, 17, 18, 19, 20 paranimmitavasavattãna palighaü, 23 pahãyissati, 16 ü, 22 pallaïkaü, 20 pahãyetha, 16 paranimmità, 23 paëiguõñhito, 27 pahusanto, 26, 27 parapañibaddhà, 6 pavattà, 21 pahåtabakkho, 12 paramaü, 27 pavattitaü, 22, 28 pahåtavitto, 26 paramaühitàya, 8 pavattite, 22 pahoti, 28 paramatto, 23 pavanasmiü, 23 pàcanaü, 25 parahetu, 27 pavapanti, 291, 292 pàñikaïkhà, 11 paràbhavato, 26 pavassanti, 291, 292 pàõabhåtatthi, 9 paràbhavantaü, 26 paviññhà, 21 pàõà, 10 paràbhave, 26 pavisa, 24 pàõàtipàtà, 2, 28, 291, paràbhavo, 26 pavisantà, 21 292 paricitàya, 11 pavuccati, 291, 292 pàõàtipàtino, 291, 292 pariÿÿàtan, 22 pavuccanti, 291, 292 pàõàni, 27 pariÿÿeyyan, 22 pavutthajàtiü, 23 pàõinà, 23 pariõàmaü, 25 pasatthà, 8 pàõupetaü, 24, 27 parittaü, 13 pasannà, 291, 292 pàõe, 27 parittasubhà, 22 pasahanti, 12 pàtubhàvo, 28 parittasubhànaü, 22 pasàdàya, 291, 292 pàtur, 22, 23 parittà, 10 pasàritaü, 23 pàdatalà, 20 parittàbhà, 22 pasàreyya, 23 pàdesu, 24, 25 parittàbhànaü, 22 pasàsati, 23 pànena, 25 paridevanà, 28 pasuü, 291, 292 pàpakaü, 6, 8, 11, 27 paridevitattaü, 28 passa, 23 pàpakànaü, 28 paridevo, 28 passati, 8, 11 pàpake, 20 parinibbute, 21 passatha, 21 pàpam, 10 paripàko, 28 passaddhisambojjhaïgo, pàpamakkhã, 27 paripuõõàhi, 291, 292 17, 18, 19 pàpà, 7 paripåressantã, 23 passantu, 10 pàpiccho, 27 paribbàjaü, 27 passambhayaü, 20 pàpesu, 27 paribhàsati, 27 passasati, 20 pàmokkhà, 23 paribhàsàhi, 291, 292 passasanto, 20 pàyàgà, 23 paribhàseyyuü, 291, 292 passasàmã, 20 pàyàsaü, 25 paribhuÿjanti, 291, 292 passasissàmã, 20 pàyàso, 25 parimukhaü, 20 passàma, 25 pàragaïgàya, 24 pariyàpuõàtha, 292 passàmi, 24, 25 pàragà, 23 pariyàputà, 291, 292 passàvo, 20 pàripåriyà, 28 parirundhati, 27 passã, 21 pàlayantu, 13 parivaõõayã, 8 pahàtabban, 22 pàliccaü, 28 parivàrito, 23 pahànasaÿÿà, 20 pàvacane, 291, 292 parivàretha, 23 pahànà, 28 pàvisi, 24, 27, 28 parivesanà, 25 pahànàya, 28 pàvussako, 23 parisujjhati, 24 pahàya, 23, 28 pàsàdà, 291, 292 pare, 9 pahàràdo, 23 pàhuneyyo, 16 paresaü, 27 pahitattà, 23 pi, 1, 8, 9, 16, 21, 22, 23, paro, 9 pahitatto, 25 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 291, palàyati, 27 pahãnan, 22 292 394 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index piññhimaüsikà, 291, 292 purakkhato, 291, 292 phussitagge, 8 piõóapàtaü, 5 purakkhatvà, 23 phoññhabbà, 20 piõóàya, 25, 27 purato, 23 bandhatha, 23 piõóolo, 21 purà, 24 bandham, 23 pitaraü, 26, 27 puràõaü, 8 bandhumà, 21 pittaü, 4, 20 puràõaÿ, 5 balavà, 23 pittasamuññhànà, 20 purindado, 23 baliü, 8, 23 pinàso, 20 purimaü, 23 baliputtànaü, 23 pipàsà, 20 purimaÿ, 23 balivadde, 25 pipphalãguhàyaü, 17 purimà, 291, 292 bahavo, 23, 291, 292 piyaü, 26 purisaü, 26 bahu, 20 piyadassã, 21 purisakànaü, 291, 292 bahukaraõãyà, 291, 292 piyà, 26 purisadammasàrathã, 16 bahukiccà, 291, 292 piyehi, 6, 22 purisapuggalà, 16 bahuppadehi, 10 piyo, 11 purisayugàni, 16 bahuppado, 10 piëakà, 20 purisavàhanaü, 291, 292 bahulãkatà, 17, 18, 19 pisuõà, 291, 292 purisassa, 24 bahulãkatàya, 11 pisuõàvàcà, 28 purisàjaÿÿa, 291, 292 bahulãkato, 17, 18, 19 pihakaü, 4, 20 purisuttama, 291, 292 bahå, 7, 12, 27 pãtipañisaüvedã, 20 puriso, 23, 26 bàràõasiyaü, 22, 28 pãtiyà, 28 påjaü, 12 bàlànaü, 7 pãtisambojjhaïgo, 17, påjako, 12 bàëhagilàno, 17, 18, 19, 18, 19 påjanãyànaü, 7 20 pãtisukhaü, 28 påjà, 7 bàëhà, 17, 18 puggalà, 8 påjito, 12 bàhaü, 23 puccha, 24 påraü, 20 bàhusaccaÿ, 7 pucchassu, 24 pecca, 24 bãjaü, 25, 291, 292 pucchàma, 26 petà, 291, 292 buddhaü, 1, 8, 16, 23, pucchito, 25, 27 pokkharasàtakà, 291, 292 27, 291, 292 pucchissàmi, 24 pothujjaniko, 22 buddhagàthàbhigãtomhi, puccheyyaü, 24 ponobhavikà, 22, 28 14, 15 puÿÿakkhettaü, 16 poso, 26 buddhavãratthu, 14, 15 puÿÿapekhassa, 25 phari, 10 buddhaseññho, 8 puññham, 26 pharituü, 10 buddhassa, 23 puññho, 6 pharusàvàcà, 28 buddhà, 14, 15, 25 puõõako, 291, 292 phareyya, 10 buddhànaü, 13 puttaü, 9 phalam, 12 buddhe, 8 puttadàrassa, 7 phale, 14, 15 buddho, 10, 16, 21, 23, puttà, 23, 291, 292 phàlaü, 25 24 puttànaü, 12 phàlapàcanaü, 25 bojjhaïgà, 3, 17, 18, 19 puthå, 23, 24 phàleyya, 24 bodhiyà, 13 puna, 9 phàleyyuü, 291, 292 bodhã, 21 punabbhavo, 22 phàlessàmi, 24 byantãkaroti, 20 pubbanhasamayaü, 25, phàlo, 25 byàrosanà, 9 27 phàsuvihàràyà, 291, 292 brahmacariyaü, 25 pubbe, 7, 22 phàsuvihàro, 5 brahmacariyaÿ, 7 pubbo, 4, 20 phuñà, 23 brahmacariyapariyosàna puraü, 24 phuññhassa, 7, 28 ü, 25 395 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index brahmacariyànuggahàya bhante, 10, 17, 18, 19, 25, 27 , 5 20, 21, 23, 291, 292 bhikkhusaïghena, 23 brahmapàrisajjà, 22 bhayaü, 16 bhikkhusatehi, 23 brahmapàrisajjànaü, 22 bhayàtãtà, 23 bhikkhussa, 291, 292 brahmapurohità, 22 bharati, 26, 27 bhikkhå, 6, 10, 11, 16, brahmapurohitànaü, 22 bhavaü, 8, 24, 25, 26, 21, 22, 23, 28, 292 brahmam, 9 27 bhikkhånaü, 23, 291, brahmalokà, 22 bhavataõhà, 22, 28 292 brahmalokànaü, 23 bhavati, 12 bhiyyo, 23, 24 brahmalokåpago, 11, 27 bhavane, 24 bhiyyobhàvàya, 28 brahmalokåpapattiyà, bhavanettikhãõà, 21 bhismàkàyo, 23 27 bhavantaü, 24, 25, 27 bhãto, 14, 15 brahmunà, 22, 28 bhavanti, 8 bhãrucchambhi, 16 bràhmaõa, 25, 27 bhavantu, 8, 9 bhuÿjati, 26 bràhmaõaü, 26, 27 bhavabandhanacchidà, bhuÿjatu, 25 bràhmaõagàme, 25 21 bhuÿjanti, 291, 292 bràhmaõassa, 25, 27, bhavasmiü, 8 bhuÿjamànà, 8 291, 292 bhavà, 14, 15 bhuÿjasså, 25 bràhmaõà, 13, 27 bhavissati, 5, 16, 291, 292 bhuÿjàmi, 25 bràhmaõena, 22, 28 bhavissanti, 23 bhuÿjàmã, 25 bràhmaõo, 25, 27 bhavissàmã, 6 bhutto, 25 bråti, 27 bhàtaraü, 27 bhutvàna, 27 bråhi, 7, 25, 26 bhàtaro, 23 bhummà, 22, 23 bhagandalà, 20 bhàradvàjo, 21, 25, 291, bhummànaü, 22 bhagalavatã, 291, 292 292 bhummàni, 8 bhagava, 17, 18 bhàvanàya, 28 bhusappamattà, 8 bhagavatà, 16, 19, 22, bhàvaye, 9 bhåtapubbaü, 16, 21 291 bhàvitatto, 21 bhåtassa, 6 bhagavato, 6, 10, 11, 16, bhàvitan, 22 bhåtà, 8, 9, 10 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, bhàvità, 17, 18, 19 bhåtàni, 8, 10 23, 25, 27, 28, 291, 292 bhàvitàya, 11 bhåtehi, 23 bhagavantaü, 7, 10, 14, bhàvito, 17, 18, 19 bhedo, 28 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, bhàsitaü, 6, 8, 11, 17, bheravaü, 23 26, 27, 291 18, 22, 28, 292 bho, 22, 24, 25, 27 bhagavantànaü, 23 bhàsissàmã, 21, 23, 27 bhojanaü, 291, 292 bhagavà, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, bhàseyyàmà, 23 bhotà, 24, 25, 27 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, bhàseyyàsi, 20 bhoto, 25 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, bhikkhave, 6, 10, 11, 16, -m-, 7, 9, 23, 27 27, 291, 292 21, 22, 23, 28, 292 maü, 6, 10, 13, 16, 24, bhaginiü, 27 bhikkhavo, 6, 11, 16, 21, 27, 292 bhajate, 26 23, 28 maüsaü, 4, 20 bhajatha, 28 bhikkhu, 10, 20, 28 magadhesu, 25 bhaÿÿamàne, 22 bhikkhuü, 291, 292 maggaü, 24, 25, 27 bhattakàle, 27 bhikkhuõiü, 291, 292 maggo, 3, 22, 28 bhadante, 6, 11, 16, 21, bhikkhuõiyà, 291, 292 maïku, 6 28 bhikkhuõãnaü, 291, 292 maïgalam, 7 bhaddante, 23 bhikkhuno, 20 maïgalàni, 7 bhadràni, 10 bhikkhusaïghaÿ, 23, 24, maïgalo, 21 396 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index maccu, 28 mahapàragà, 23 mànacchido, 21 maccharã, 27 mahapphalaü, 24 mànatthaddho, 21 majjapànà, 7 mahapphalàni, 8 mànasaü, 9 majjhato, 23 mahabbalà, 23, 291, 292 mànusaü, 23 majjhimà, 9, 22, 291, 292 mahà, 291, 292 mànusà, 23, 291, 292 maÿÿathà, 291, 292 mahàkassapaü, 17 mànusiyà, 8 maõi, 291, 292 mahàkassapassa, 17 mànusuttamà, 23 maõóanàya, 5 mahàkassapo, 17 mànena, 27 maõóalã, 15, 291, 292 mahàcundaü, 19 màyà, 23 matthake, 4 mahàcundo, 19 màyàvino, 23 matthaluïgan, 4 mahàcorà, 291, 292 màyàvã, 27 madàya, 5 mahàtaõho, 26 màrabalaü, 21 madhumeho, 20 mahànàgo, 23 màrasenà, 23 manasà, 8 mahànàmo, 21 màrasenàpamaddino, manasikarotha, 21, 23 mahànubhàvà, 21 291, 292 manasikarohi, 27 mahàneru, 291, 292 màrisa, 291, 292 manàpehi, 6 mahàpathaü, 27 màrisà, 16 manussaràhaseyyakàni, mahàbrahmà, 22 màrena, 22, 28 291, 292 mahàbrahmànaü, 22 màlàgandhavilepanadhà manussà, 7, 21, 291, 292 mahàbrahmàbhitiññhati, raõamaõóanavibhåsana manussànaü, 11 23 ññhànà, 2 mano, 20, 25 mahàbhiüsà, 23 màluto, 12 manopadåsikà, 23 mahàmoggallànaü, 18 migadàye, 22, 28 manomayo, 21 mahàmoggallànassa, 18 micchà, 28 manosamphassajaü, 28 mahàmoggallàno, 18 micchàcàrà, 28, 291, 292 mantabandhuno, 27 mahàyakkhànaü, 291, mittànaü, 12 manteti, 27 292 mittàni, 24 mandavalàhakà, 23 mahàràjassa, 291, 292 missakà, 23 mandiyaü, 23 mahàràjà, 23, 291, 292 mukhaü, 26 mandiyo, 291, 292 mahàràjànaü, 291, 292 mukharogo, 20 mam', 16 mahàràjàno, 291, 292 mukhavaõõo, 11 mama, 15, 292 mahàvane, 23 mucalindo, 291, 292 mamaü, 16 mahàsamayo, 23 mucchà, 20 mamàyitaü, 27 mahàsamànà, 23 muÿcatã, 291, 292 mayaü, 25, 26, 28, 291, mahàsenàpatãnaü, 291, muÿcittha, 23 292 292 muÿcitvà, 14, 15 mayam, 23 mahàseno, 23 muÿceyya, 14, 15 mayà, 17, 18, 27 mahesiü, 25 muõóaka, 27 mayårakoÿcàbhirudà, mahesã, 21 muttaü, 4 291, 292 mà, 10, 15, 23, 27 muttan, 20 mayhaü, 23 màgadhassa, 291, 292 mutti, 22, 28 maraõadhammà, 28 màõi, 291, 292 mudu, 9 maraõadhammànaü, 28 màtaïgo, 21, 27 muddhaü, 291, 292 maraõam, 22, 28 màtaïgoyaü, 27 muddhà, 14, 15 mahatà, 23 màtaraü, 26, 27 mudhà, 8 mahatiyà, 25, 291, 292 màtalã, 23, 291, 292 munino, 21 mahantaü, 291, 292 màtà, 9 munã, 21 mahantà, 9, 291, 292 màtàpitu, 7 musà, 27 397 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index musàvàdà, 2, 28, 291, 292 yad, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28 rakkhatha, 8 musàvàdena, 26, 27 yadi, 24, 27 rakkhanti, 11, 23 muhuttena, 22 yan, 9, 23, 28 rakkhà, 10, 291, 292 måëhassa, 24, 25, 27 yam, 8, 22, 28 rakkhàya, 291, 292 måsikà, 10 yamà, 23 rakkhito, 21 me, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, yasaü, 27 rakhasà, 20 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, yasasà, 23 rajjaü, 26 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, yasassi, 23, 291, 292 raÿÿo, 291, 292 26, 27, 28, 291, 292 yasassino, 23, 291, 292 ratanaü, 8 meghà, 291, 292 yasassã, 21 rate, 23 megho, 21, 23 yaso, 12 rattiü, 292 mettaü, 8, 10 yassa, 7, 25, 27, 291, 292 rattiüdivà, 6 mettaÿ, 9 yassatthàya, 25 rattiyà, 7, 26, 291, 292 mettàkaruõàkàyikà, 23 yà, 7, 22, 28 ratto, 8 mettàya, 11 yàti, 12 rabhasà, 291, 292 mettena, 10 yàtrà, 5 ramatã, 291, 292 methulo, 21 yànaü, 291, 292 rammà, 291, 292 medo, 4, 20 yàni, 8 rasà, 20 moggallàna, 18 yànãkatàya, 11 rasànaü, 24 moggallàno, 28 yànãdha, 8 rassaü, 20 modanti, 23 yàne, 291, 292 rassakàõukathålà, 9 modamànà, 23 yàpanàya, 5 rahado, 291, 292 moro, 13 yàpanãyaü, 17, 18 ràgena, 23 mohena, 27 yàmà, 22, 23 ràjagahiko, 23 yaü, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 22, yàmànaü, 22 ràjagahe, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 291, 292 yàmunà, 23 291 yakanaü, 4, 20 yàva, 22 ràjadhàni, 291, 292 yakkhapacàro, 291, 292 yàvatassa, 9 ràjadhàniyà, 291, 292 yakkhapàrisajjo, 291, 292 yàvad, 5 ràjadhàniyo, 12 yakkhapotako, 291, 292 yugaü, 25 ràjà, 23, 291, 292 yakkhapotikà, 291, 292 yuganaïgalaü, 25 ràjàno, 23 yakkhamahàmatto, 291, yugandharo, 291, 292 ràjino, 291, 292 292 yugàni, 8 ràjubhi, 23 yakkhasenàya, 291, 292 ye, 8, 9, 13, 20, 21, 23, ràhu, 14, 15 yakkhassa, 24 27, 291, 292 ràhuü, 14, 15 yakkhà, 23, 291, 292 yena, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, ràhunà, 14, 15 yakkhànaü, 23, 291, 292 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, ràhubhaddam, 23 yakkhiõã, 291, 292 27, 291, 292 rittam, 291, 292 yakkhehi, 291, 292 yebhuyyena, 23, 291, 292 rukkhato, 12 yakkho, 24, 291, 292 yeva, 22, 23, 28 rukkhamålagatànaü, 16 yato, 22, 25, 291, 292 yo, 8, 12, 15, 22, 23, 24, rukkhamålagato, 20 yattha, 23, 24, 25, 291, 26, 27, 28, 291, 292 rukkhamåle, 16 292 yogakkhema rukkhà, 291, 292 yathà 'haü, 27 adhivàhanaü, 25 ruddà, 291, 292 yathà, 8, 9, 12, 23, 25, yottaü, 25 råpaü, 20 27 yoniso, 5 råpaÿ, 3 yathàbhåtaü, 22, 291, -r-, 9, 25 råpà, 20 292 rakkhaü, 291, 292 råpàni, 24, 25, 27 398 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index råpåpàdànakkhandho, vajirahatthena, 23 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28 vaÿcanikà, 23 27, 28, 291, 292 roceti, 26 vaÿceti, 26, 27 vàcà, 7, 8, 27 rojà, 23 vaóóhetvà, 25 vàcàya, 27 rosako, 27 vaõibbakaü, 26, 27 vàcàhi, 23 roseti, 27 vaõõakittibhato, 12 vàtasamuññhànà, 20 laddhaü, 26 vaõõavanto, 23 vàtehi, 8 laddhà, 8 vata, 22, 24, 28 vàyamati, 28 labhati, 12, 22, 28 vattati, 25 vàyo, 23 labhate, 12, 24 vatthuü, 291, 292 vàruõà, 23 labhe, 14, 15 vatthukatàya, 11 vàsaü, 291, 292 labheyya, 291, 292 vatvà, 10, 16, 24, 28 vàsavanesino, 23 labheyyaü, 25 vadàmi, 8, 16 vàsavo, 23 labheyyàhaü, 25 vademase, 291, 292 vàsày, 24 lambãtakà, 23 vanaü, 23 vikàlabhojanà, 2 lasikà, 4, 20 vanapatthàni, 291, 292 vikiraõiü, 26 làmaseññhà, 23 vanappagumbe, 8 vikkanditabbaü, 291, luddà, 291, 292 vanam, 23 292 lokaü, 24, 26 vane, 23, 291, 292 vigatamiddho, 9 lokajeññhaü, 16 vandako, 12 vigayha, 8 lokadhammehi, 7 vandatha, 21, 291, 292 vicakkhaõà, 23 lokadhàtu, 22 vandanti, 291, 292 vicakkhaõo, 24 lokadhàtåsu, 23 vandàma, 291, 292 vicarissàmi, 24 lokadhàtåhi, 23 vapassu, 25 vicikicchitaÿ, 8 lokavidå, 16 vapàmi, 25 vicchikà, 10 lokasmiü, 28 vapitvà, 25 vijanavàtàni, 291, 292 lokasmin, 22 vappakàle, 25 vijànàtha, 23 lokassà, 16 varaÿÿå, 8 vijànàma, 26 lokà, 24 varado, 8 vijitasaïgàmà, 23 lokànukampakà, 14, 15 varàharo, 8 vijite, 291, 292 loke, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, varuõassa, 16 vijito, 21 27, 28, 291, 292 varuõà, 23 vijjati, 8, 20, 24 lomam, 23 varuõo, 291, 292 vijjà, 22 lomahaüsàbhisambhuno varo, 8 vijjàcaraõasampannaü, , 23 valittacatà, 28 291, 292 lomahaüso, 16, 21 vavakkhitvàna, 23 vijjàcaraõasampanno, 16 lomahaññhajàto, 14, 15, vasanti, 9 viÿÿàõaü, 20 25 vasalaü, 27 viÿÿàõåpàdànakkhandh lomà, 4, 20 vasalaka, 27 o, 28 lohitaü, 4, 20 vasalakaraõe, 27 viÿÿå, 6, 9 lohitapittaü, 20 vasalà, 27 viÿÿåhã, 16 lohitavàsino, 23 vasalàdhamo, 27 viñucca, 23 va, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, vasalo, 27 viñuóo, 23 21, 23, 27, 291, 292 vasà, 4, 20 vitakkavicàrànaü, 28 vakkaü, 4, 20 vasånaü, 23 vitacchikà, 20 vaggubhi, 291, 292 vassa, 8 vittaü, 8, 24 vacãgutto, 25 vassà, 291, 292 vitthàrena, 28 vajataü, 27 và, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, viditvà, 291, 292 399 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index vinayo, 7 viråëho, 23, 291, 292 vusãmato, 291, 292 vinàbhàvo, 6 viråhati, 12 våpakaññho, 25 vinàseti, 26 virocati, 12 våpasamà, 28 vineti, 28 vivaraõà, 28 ve, 23, 24, 27 vineyya, 9, 28 vivarituü, 28 veghanasà, 23 vinodeti, 20 vivareyya, 24, 25, 27 veñeõóu, 23 vindate, 24 vivicca, 28 veõhå, 23 vipannadiññhi, 27 vividhà, 20 vedagå, 13 vipassisuü, 291, 292 vivekajaü, 28 vedanaü, 5 vipassissa, 291, 292 visaü, 11 vedanà, 3, 17, 18, 20 vippamuttassa, 291, 292 visamaparihàrajà, 20 vedanànaü, 5 vippamutto, 8, 14, 15 visallànaü, 21 vedanànupassã, 28 vippayogo, 22 visàõà, 291, 292 vedanàsu, 28 vippavuttho, 12 visåcikà, 20 vedanåpàdànakkhandho vippasanna, 23 vissuto, 27 , 28 vippasãdati, 11 viharati, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, vedayitaü, 28 vibhajanà, 28 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, veditabbo, 16 vibhajituü, 28 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, vepacitti, 14, 15 vibhavataõhà, 22, 28 27, 28, 291 vepacittã, 23 vibhàvayanti, 8 viharanto, 25 vepullaü, 21 vibhåsanàya, 5 viharemu, 13 vepullassa, 21, 23 vimalà, 23 vihàraü, 9, 28 vepullàya, 28 vimalo, 21 vihàsi, 25 vebhàraü, 21 vimuttànaü, 13 vihiüsati, 291, 292 vebhàrassa, 21 vimuttiyà, 13 vihiüsàvitakkaü, 20 veyyàkaraõasmiü, 22 vimocayaü, 20 vihiüsåparatiyà, 5 veyyàbàdhikànaü, 5 virajaü, 7, 22, 27 viheñheti, 291, 292 veramaõiyà, 291, 292 virajo, 21 vãtadoso, 16 veramaõã, 28 virati, 7 vãtamalaü, 22 veramaõãsikkhàpadaü, virattacittà, 8 vãtamoho, 16 2 viramati, 20 vãtaràgehapakkàmuü, verocanàmakà, 23 viravitabbaü, 291, 292 23 verocano, 15 viràgaü, 8 vãtaràgo, 16, 21 velàyaü, 14, 15, 291, 292 viràgasaÿÿà, 20 vãtasàradaü, 291, 292 veëuvane, 17, 18, 19 viràgà, 28 vãtasàradà, 291, 292 vevaõõiyamhi, 6 viràgànupassã, 20 vãtipatantã, 6 vesàlà, 23 viràgo, 20 vãtisàretvà, 291, 292 vesiyàsu, 26 viràjetvà, 27 vuccat', 20 vessabhussa, 291, 292 viriyaü, 25, 28 vuccatã, 3 vessavaõo, 291, 292 viriyasambojjhaïgo, 17, vuccanti, 291, 292 vessàmittà, 23 18, 19 vuññhàhi, 17, 18, 19, 20 vessàmitto, 291, 292 viriyena, 24 vuññhi, 25 vehapphalà, 22 viråpakkhaü, 10 vuññhito, 17, 18, 19 vehapphalànaü, 22 viråpakkhehi, 10 vuttaü, 12 vehàsayà, 23 viråpakkho, 23, 291, 292 vuttà, 8, 27 vo, 16, 23, 27 viråëhako, 23 vutti, 25 vyasanena, 28 viråëhamålasantànaü, vutte, 27 vyàkarissasi, 24 12 vusitaü, 25 vyàdhi, 22, 28 400 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index vyàdhidhammà, 28 sacchikatvà, 25 saddo, 22 vyàdhidhammànaü, 28 sacchikàtabban, 22 saddhassa, 24 vyàpàdavitakkaü, 20 saÿ, 26 saddhà, 25 sa, 23, 24, 26 saÿjàti, 28 saddhàya, 24 saüvattati, 17, 18, 19, saÿÿamo, 7 saddhiü, 23, 291, 292 22 saÿÿà, 20 saddhãdha, 24 saüvattanti, 17, 18, 19 saÿÿåpàdànakkhandho, sanaïkumàro, 23 saüvattantã, 17, 18, 19 28 santaü, 9, 20, 21 saüvarã, 291, 292 sañhà, 23 santacitto, 21 saüviggaråpo, 14, 15 sañho, 27 santaramàno, 14, 15 saüviggo, 14, 15, 25 saõhàhi, 23 santi, 291, 292 saühàni, 28 sataü, 8, 23 santike, 20, 23, 25 sakà, 12 sataÿ, 23 santindriyo, 9 sakkacca, 8 satapadã, 10 santuññhã, 7 sakkato, 12 satam, 23 santuññho, 26 sakkatvà, 12 satasahassaü, 23 santussako, 9 sakkassa, 16 sati, 25 sante, 26 sakkàyadiññhi, 8 satiü, 9, 20 santo, 27 sakkàraü, 291, 292 satipàrisuddhiü, 28 sandiññhiko, 16 sakkesu, 23 satimà, 28 sandhåpàyati, 25 sakko, 9, 16, 23 satisambojjhaïgo, 17, sannayhitvà, 23 sakkhipuññho, 27 18, 19 sannipatità, 23 sakyaputtassa, 291, 292 satã, 25 sannipàtikà, 20 sakyamunã, 8 sato, 20, 28 sapadànaü, 27 sakhànaü, 27 satta, 3, 17, 18, 19 sappurisaü, 8 sagàravo, 12 sattatiü, 23 sabbaü, 23 saggesu, 8 sattadhà, 14, 15, 291, 292 sabbakàyapañisaüvedã, sagharaü, 12 sattanikàye, 28 20 saïkampi, 22 sattannaü, 10 sabbakàlaü, 291, 292 saïkuddho, 23 sattamaü, 26 sabbattha, 7, 12 saïkhàrà, 20 sattamo, 26 sabbadukkhà, 25, 291, saïkhàråpàdànakkhand sattasahassà, 23 292 ho, 28 sattasàrà, 21 sabbadhamme, 13 saïkhittena, 22, 28 sattà, 3, 9, 10 sabbadhi, 14, 15, 291, 292 saïgaho, 7 sattànaü, 28 sabban, 22 saïgàmagatànaü, 16 sattàvàsà, 3 sabbabhåtànukampino, saïghaü, 1, 8, 16 satthaü, 11 291, 292 saïghaÿ, 16 satthà, 10, 16, 19, 21, 23 sabbabhåtesu, 9 saïghe, 8 sadà, 291, 292 sabbalokasmiü, 9 saïgho, 10, 21 sadàmattà, 23 sabbaloke, 20 sace, 10, 16, 20, 24 sadisà, 23 sabbasaïkhàrasamatho, saccaü, 24, 25 sadevake, 22, 24, 25 20 saccanàmo, 21 sadevamanussàya, 22, sabbasaïkhàresu, 20 saccà, 24 24, 25 sabbasaïkhàrehi, 20 saccena, 8, 24 saddaü, 22 sabbasaïgàtigate, 21 saccesu, 22 saddam, 22 sabbà, 23, 291, 292 sacco, 21 saddahàno, 24 sabbåpadhipañinissaggo, sacchikatan, 22 saddà, 20 20 401 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index sabbe, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12, 23 samàhità, 23 sammodanãyaü, 291, 292 sabbehi, 6 samàhito, 8 sammodiüsu, 291, 292 sabrahmake, 22, 23, 24, sammiÿjitaü, 23 sayaü, 25 25, 27 samitiü, 23, 291, 292 sayàno, 9 sabrahmacàrã, 6 samukkaüse, 27 sayho, 21 sabrahmacàrãnaü, 28 samudayadhammaü, 22 saraü, 23 sabhà, 291, 292 samuddaü, 23 saraõaü, 1, 14, 15, 23, sabhàya, 12 samuddo, 291, 292 24, 25, 27 sabhàsãlã, 26 samåpabbåëho, 16 saraõam, 23 sabhojano, 26 samekkhasi, 291, 292 sarantànaü, 16 samaü, 8 samo, 8 sarabhaïgo, 21 samaÿÿà, 21 sampakampi, 22 sarabhå, 10 samaÿÿàto, 27 sampajàno, 28 saritodako, 291, 292 samaõa, 24, 25 sampadhåpàyati, 25 sareyyàtha, 16 samaõaü, 26, 27 sampanno, 9 sallahukavutti, 9 samaõaka, 27 sampayogo, 22 sallãnà, 23 samaõabràhmaõe, 24 samparàyiko, 24 savicàraü, 28 samaõà, 24 samparàye, 27 savijjuko, 23 samaõànaÿ, 7 sampavedhi, 22 savitakkaü, 28 samaõena, 22, 28 sampasàdanaü, 28 sasuü, 27 samattà, 291, 292 sampassataü, 25 sassamaõabràhmaõiyà, samatthi, 8 sampiyena, 27 22, 24, 25 samanuÿÿo, 19 samphappalàpà, 28 saha, 23, 291, 292 samantà, 23 sambahulà, 10 sahadhammà, 23 samannàgatassa, 28 sambàdhapañipanno, 14, sahabhå, 23 samannàgato, 3 15 sahalã, 23 samayaü, 6, 7, 10, 11, sambuddhaü, 16, 24 sahasà, 23, 27 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, sambodhàya, 17, 18, 19, sahassaü, 23 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 22 sahassànaü, 23 26, 27, 28, 291 sambhavaü, 8 sahà, 8 samaye, 16 sambhavesã, 9 sahiraÿÿo, 26 samayena, 10, 14, 15, sammad, 17, 18, 19, 25 sà, 7, 22, 25, 26, 291, 292 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27 sammà, 22, 25, 28 sàtàgirà, 23 samayo, 23 sammàkammanto, 22, sàtàgiro, 291, 292 samavekkhiya, 26 28 sàdutaraü, 24 samàgatà, 23 sammàdiññhi, 22, 28 sàdåni, 26 samàgatàni, 8 sammàvàcà, 22, 28 sàdh', 24 samàcare, 9 sammàvàyàmo, 22, 28 sàdhu, 20, 27 samàdahaü, 20 sammàsaïkappo, 22, 28 sàdhukaü, 21, 23, 27 samàdahaüsu, 23 sammàsati, 22, 28 sàmãcipañipanno, 16 samàdhijaü, 28 sammàsamàdhi, 22, 28 sàyanhasamayaü, 17, samàdhinà, 8 sammàsambuddhà, 23 18, 19 samàdhim, 8 sammàsambuddhànan, sàrathãva, 23 samàdhiyati, 11 10 sàrànãyaü, 291, 292 samàdhisambojjhaïgo, sammàsambuddhena, 28 sàriputtamoggallàne, 28 17, 18, 19 sammàsambuddho, 16 sàriputtassa, 28 samànà, 23 sammàsambodhiü, 22 sàriputto, 28 samàrake, 22, 24, 25 sammiÿjeyya, 23 sàliü, 291, 292 402 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index sàvakaü, 27 sugatassa, 8 subrahmà, 23 sàvakasaïgho, 16 sugato, 10, 16, 28 subhakiõhakà, 22 sàvakà, 8, 23, 291, 292 sugandhaü, 291, 292 subhakiõhakànaü, 22 sàvake, 23 suggahità, 291, 292 subharo, 9 sàvatthiyaü, 6, 7, 10, suciü, 8 subhàsità, 7 11, 14, 15, 16, 20, 26, suciõõo, 24 subho, 21 27 sucittã, 23 sumaïgalo, 21 sàvetvà, 291, 292 sucibhojanaü, 27 sumanà, 8 sàsanaü, 23 suÿÿàgàragatànaü, 16 sumano, 291, 292 sàsane, 23 suÿÿàgàragato, 20 sumàpità, 291, 292 sàso, 20 suÿÿàgàre, 6, 16 sumukho, 291, 292 sikkhati, 20 suõantu, 8 sumbho, 21 sikhissa, 291, 292 suõàtha, 21, 23 suràdhutto, 26 sikhã, 21 suõàhi, 27 suràmerayamajjapamàd siïghànikà, 4, 20 sutaü, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, aññhànà, 2, 291, 292 sità, 23 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, suriyaü, 15 sito, 8 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, suriyan, 15 sippaÿ, 7 27, 28, 291, 292 suriyam, 23 siyà, 8, 16 sutavà, 21 suriyavaccasà, 23 sirasà, 25 sutà, 23 suriyassåpanisà, 23 siriüsapàni, 10 sutvà, 20, 22, 23 suriye, 291, 292 siriyà, 12 sudantà, 23 suriyo, 15, 291, 292 sirãmato, 291, 292 sudassano, 21, 291, 292 suvaco, 9 silokam, 23 sudassà, 22 suvatthi, 8 sivan, 26 sudassànaü, 22 suvijàno, 26 sivikà, 291, 292 sudassã, 22 suvimuttacitto, 21 sãtaü, 20 sudassãnaü, 22 suvisuddhaü, 22 sãtassa, 5 sudàñho, 21 susamàraddhàya, 11 sãdarã, 21 sudullabhaü, 27 susikkhito, 7 sãlato, 6 sudesitaü, 16 susunàgà, 23 sãlabbataü, 8 sudesitàni, 8 sussåsà, 24 sãlavà, 9 suddhaü, 291, 292 såjå, 9 sãvako, 291, 292 suddhà, 23 sådha, 24 sãsarogo, 20 suddhàvàsakàyikànaü, såro, 291, 292 sãse, 291, 292 23 sålà, 20 sãhà, 23 suddhàvàsesu, 23 såleyyarucirà, 23 su, 8, 24 sudhammatan, 24 seññhaü, 24 sukasàëikasaddettha, 291, sundaro, 21 seññhan, 24 292 supañipanno, 16 seññho, 23 sukkà, 23 supaõõato, 23 sedo, 4, 20 sukhaü, 11, 14, 15, 28 supaõõà, 23 sena, 27 sukhapañisaüvedã, 20 supati, 11, 26 senaü, 23 sukham, 24 supinaü, 11 senàpatãnaü, 291, 292 sukhavihàrã, 28 suppagedho, 291, 292 senàsanaü, 5 sukhassa, 28 suppatiññhito, 21 senàsanàni, 291, 292 sukhitattà, 9 suppayuttà, 8 semhaü, 4, 20 sukhino, 9 subàhu, 21 semhasamuññhànà, 20 sugata, 17, 18 subodhiü, 21 seyyathà, 23, 24, 25, 27, 403 Catubhàõavàrapàëi Complete Word Index 28, 291, 292 sopàko, 27 hàrito, 23 seyyathãdaü, 20, 28 sobhati, 291, 292 hi, 8, 9, 10, 16, 25, 27, seyyathãdam, 22 sobhito, 21 291, 292 serissako, 291, 292 somanassadomanassàna hiüsati, 27, 291, 292 sevanà, 7 ü, 28 hiüsi, 10 sevitabbà, 22 somo, 23, 291, 292 hiïgå, 21 sevetha, 28 soraccaü, 25 hiïgo, 21 sehi, 26 sorato, 21 hitaü, 291, 292 so, 10, 24 soëasasahassà, 23 hiri, 25 so, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 17, sovacassatà, 7 hirikopãnapaticchàdanat 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, soso, 20 thaü, 5 26, 27, 291, 292 svàkkhàto, 16 hirinettã, 291 sokaparidevadukkha, 28 ssu, 291, 292 hãno, 22 sokaparidevadukkhado h', 26 huraü, 8 manassupàyàsà, 28 ha, 10, 22 heñheti, 291, 292 sokaparidevadukkhado hatthiyànaü, 291, 292 hetu, 16, 291, 292 manassupàyàsadhamm hadayaü, 4, 20, 24 hemavatà, 23 ànaü, 28 hanti, 27 hemavato, 291, 292 soko, 28 hantvà, 27 hessatã, 16 socati, 24, 25 handa, 291, 292 hoti, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, socanà, 28 haranti, 8, 23 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 291, socitattaü, 28 harayo, 23 292 sotaü, 20 haràyati, 20 hotã, 25 sotarogo, 20 harissavaõõaü, 13 hotu, 8 sotàpattiphale, 28 harissavaõõo, 13 honti, 8, 23, 25, 26 sotthànaü, 7 have, 24, 27 hontu, 9 sotthiü, 7 hàragajà, 23 404