History of Salt Lake County

Home , Elias Smith (Mormon), Salt Palace, Utah Stars

Auditor’s Office Internal Audit Division

County Auditor

Jeff Hatch

Internal Audit Director James B. Wightman

Assistant Internal Audit Director Larry Decker

Project Team

Celestia Cragun Amy McCormick Jeff Wood

Date: December 2005

Table of Contents

Salt Lake County History ...... 6

Salt Lake County at 150 Plus Salt Lake County government was corporated city existed within the County elected until he retired due to ill health formed over 150 years ago in 1852, not at the time County government came into on March 18, 1884. His tenure in of- quite five years after the arrival of the being. A newly or near-completed adobe fice of 32 years established Judge first band of 148 Mormon pioneers on structure called the “old tabernacle” ex- Smith as probably the longest-serving July 24, 1847, who, led by Brigham isted on Temple Square, but not the Taber- elected official in County history. Young, founded Salt Lake City. More nacle known today, and there was no tem- settlers arrived as part of the onward ple. However, many of today’s streets, “Judge Smith” gave the oath of office migration of Latter-day Saints seeking to including Main Street, were in place. The to the three appointed County select- join the “saints in Zion,” or find adven- birth of Salt Lake County government oc- men at that first meeting, each of ture on the great frontier. The area grew curred on Main Street. whom was designated to receive a rapidly. The 1850 census placed Great salary of $3 per day. Their names Salt Lake County’s were Reuben Miller, population at Samuel Moore and 6,155. It was Jonathan C. Wright. called “Great Salt The Selectmen met in Lake County” until County Court meet- January 29, 1868 ings. These meetings when “Great” was typically lasted four or dropped from the five days and were designation. held usually once each quarter, in March, Salt Lake County June, September and was an isolated December. place indeed in those early days. An “Assessor and Col- No railroad, no lector,” and a Treas- telegraph, and no urer also were ap- cities for hundreds pointed at that first of miles around meeting on March 15, meant that settlers 1852, a ½ percent relied on their own County Courthouse, 1855-1890’s property tax rate was intuition and the established, and an fruits of their own labors. At times, food In this frontier environment, Salt Lake additional ¼ percent was added for could be scarce as settlers ate what they County came into being. On March 15, “road purposes.” Another matter of planted, raised, hunted, or foraged from 1852, Salt Lake County government held the land. Meager harvests were com- its first meeting. This “first strictly official mon, and crops were occasionally de- meeting,” as early records state, was held voured by crickets. in a long-since-forgotten, and demolished, post office located at 20 South Main Street. Salt Lake County is within the State of The first type of County government, Utah, the successor to Utah Territory, a which remained in place for the next 46 territory that Congress formed in 1850. years, was a “County Court,” comprised of Brigham Young was the first territorial a “Probate Judge” and three “Selectmen.” governor, a position to which U.S. Presi- dent Millard Fillmore had appointed The first Probate Judge was Silas Smith, him. Brigham Young had envisioned Salt Lake City’s postmaster, providing a and proposed an expansive “State of possible explanation for why the first Deseret” that reached all the way to the County meeting was held at the post office. Pacific coast in southern California. Salt At this first meeting, 47-year-old Silas Lake City is the County Seat of Salt Smith, first cousin of Mormon founder Lake County. Salt Lake City was incor- Joseph Smith, was sworn into office as Salt porated January 6, 1851, and Jedediah Lake County’s “Probate Judge.” The terri- M. Grant was its first Mayor. Other ar- torial legislature appointed him to this po- eas were being settled, but no other in- sition, to which he was later elected and re- Probate Judge, Elias Smith business was appointment of three men 12, 1852. For this first election, one select- Jordan Bridge with S. Moore and A.P. as “Inspector of School Teachers.” One man was given a term of three years, another Rockwood, as the latter says he fin- of these men was Orson Spencer, a noted two years, and the third three years, depend- ished it. There was some difference of figure in Utah history who was the first ing on their age. In later elections, terms opinion between us on the subject of were fixed at two pay, which was referred to the Presi- years. dent [presumably Brigham Young] and amicably settled by his decision.” In his diary, Judge Smith wrote of new Judge Smith also wrote concerning a emigrant arrivals to visit by Brigham Young to a County the valley, in one case Court meeting. Smith’s journal entry noting how a newly of Friday March 26, 1853 states, arrived company of “having been engaged on the revenue pioneers were of the County…President Young came camped out on West in and the advice he gave in relation to Temple Street. some matters relating to the temporal affairs of the people was very accept- County government able, and all matters relative to the in those early days County and Territorial Revenue was performed fewer satisfactorily arranged.” functions than the government of today. County Court minutes of December 6, Then, as now, public 1861 reflect the simple and straight- works issues were of forward operation of government at County Courthouse, Fremont School, and County Jail, prime concern as that time. In part, these minutes state, circa 1890 demonstrated in the “On motion R.T. Burton was author- appointment on ized to negotiate for a fire-proof safe chancellor,” or president, of the Univer- March 17, 1852, of an Albert P. Rockwood and scales usable for weighing wheat sity of Utah. as “Road Supervisor.” Records of the time and also to erect a flag staff on the record that he was assigned a salary of $2.50 courthouse lot.” Though today we have autonomous for “every faithful day’s service.” school districts, County government In addition to public works, public oversaw schools and school administra- In a diary entry dated Wednesday, September health also drew the attention of early th tion until the early part of the 20 Cen- 22, 1852, Judge Smith notes an early Public County officials. For example, a small tury. One of the County Court’s duties Works venture. “In the afternoon I went with pox outbreak is addressed in the min- was to divide the County into school Samuel Moore (selectman) and br. [brother] utes of December 1, 1856. “Judge districts. Initially, these “school dis- Rockwood to examine the Jordan Bridge, and Smith reported that inasmuch as the tricts” followed LDS ward boundaries. made arrangements, to have it removed, as it small pox had broke out in the county is in danger of And so, Salt Lake County government going off the next was established. Thereafter, Judge rise in the river.” Smith presided at meetings of the The bridge was County Court, and in addition to his ex- finished early the ecutive role, fulfilled judicial responsi- next year. Rock- bilities, including the issuing of judg- wood disputed his ments in cases of theft and divorce. compensation for Judge Smith was a devoted diarist, and building the in his journal often recorded “settling bridge, but the difficulties among emigrants.” Probably matter was re- most of the time in his official capacity solved by none was spent in resolving legal disputes as other than Brig- opposed to administration of County ham Young. operations. Again, Judge Smith, in a diary The first election of County officers, entry dated Janu- including the Probate Judge and Select- ary 29, 1853, re- men, was held August 2, 1852. Those cords, “Went elected were sworn into office August down to see the City and County Building, 1892 some time ago, he had issued orders to until they shall attain the age of legal majority.” The City and County Building at 451 James Gordon authorizing him to at- Laws of the 19th century also mandate County South State Street, a building still in tend to it and use all legal means to government to “provide for the burying of the existence, was dedicated December prevent its spreading through the indigent dead.” 28, 1894. For the next 92 years, County and Territory.” For many County offices were located here, to- years, starting sometime in the 1800s, Throughout history, County offices have been gether with those of the city. It was located in four prin- not until 1986, with the completion of cipal buildings. the County Government Center at From 1852 to 1859, 2001 South State Street, that the offices were shared County would again have its own with Salt Lake City building, its own exclusive offices. As in the “Council the years progressed, burgeoning House” located on County government operations re- the southwest cor- quired that additional office space be ner of Main Street used in other buildings as well. and South Temple. Also used for Except for the Mayor and Council, church, court and early County government comprised political function, all other elected officials that form the Council House today’s government structure. Territo- was destroyed by rial laws of 1853 specify offices and fire in 1883. How- outline duties for an Assessor, Audi- ever, long before tor, Clerk, Attorney, Recorder, Sheriff, this tragedy the Surveyor and Treasurer. All of these County completed offices originated in the 19th Century. and occupied its own building, the The most frequently mentioned offices Commissioner A. H. Crabbe in Room #150 in the City/County “County Court- in early County minutes were those of Building, August 2, 1916 house.” the Assessor and Treasurer. The first Assessor and Treasurer resigned their there was a position designated By 1855, officials were considering erecting a offices to serve LDS Church missions. “county physician.” “Courthouse.” In a journal entry dated Febru- Shortly after County government was ary 22, 1855, Judge Smith records the follow- formed, Judge Smith records the fol- Attending to the needs of the poor, ing: “Went with Samuel Moore (selectman) and lowing in his journal entry of Septem- mentally ill, and orphans also occu- looked about the city for a site for a County ber 6, 1852. “The County Court was in pied early Salt Lake County govern- House which we contemplate being built this session till late in the evening, settling ment agendas. One duty, then as now, coming summer.” His entry of Saturday, May with H.S. Elldridge, Assessor and Col- was to cover burial costs for the poor 12, 1855 records the rewarding of the bid for lector, and Thomas Rhodes, Treasurer who had no one else to pay for these the construction on this project. “Only four of the County, as they are both going expenses. Today, welfare is mainly a bids were put in, the lowest responsible one on missions to the states.” Federal Government function. Or- being that of R.T. Burton & A. Cunningham for phans are the responsibility of State $10,000 for the completion of the outside of the Contemporary Treasurers deal with government, but the County still has a building. It was accepted.” delinquent taxpayers, just as County mandate to aid the mentally ill, though government did in those early days, an therapy methods have changed over Construction on the County Courthouse oc- event noted here in Judge Smith’s time. curred between 1855 and 1861, apparently tak- journal entry dated Tuesday Septem- ing longer than anticipated, but being suffi- ber 5, 1854. “The Court was engaged In 1852, the first territorial legislature ciently completed that on September 5, 1859 today with the delinquent tax list for mandated that County selectmen the County Court held its first meeting there. the current year, which was not got “oversee the poor…take the care, cus- The Courthouse, pictured in these pages, was through with till nearly sunset.” tody and management of insane per- located on Second South, in the vicinity of the sons…who are incapable of conduct- present-day Salt Palace. It was a two-story Functions of elected offices evolved ing their own affairs, and of their es- building that included a jail in its basement. over time. For example, direction for tate both real and personal.” Select- The County Courthouse saw its demise long issuing “warrants,” or checks on men were also given the duty to “bind ago, being demolished by the late 1890s. To- which the County Auditor warrants out orphan children, and vicious, idle, day it is only seen in pictures. that funds are available for payment, or vagrant children, or such minors can be traced at least the late 1800s.

The Laws of the State of Utah passed Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The County Commission form of govern- by the first State Legislature in 1896, Saints. A Sheriff’s office history reports ment was only recently dissolved, fresh in provide for the treasurer to “disburse that the Federal Government routinely the memory of most County citizens. The county moneys only on county war- sent its own Marshalls to look for so- first County Commissioners were A.S. Ged- rants, issued by the county auditor.” called “co-habs” because of the refusal des, M. Christopherson, and C.H. Roberts. The warrant system is still in place at of Sheriff’s office deputies to perform The first County Commission meeting was the County today. this task themselves. held June 8, 1896. The County Commission form of government, in effect for the next Territorial statutes of the 19th century The situation reached a crisis point in 104 years, was replaced by the Mayor/ consistently provided a role for the 1882 when Federally-appointed Utah Council form of government on January 1, Clerk to “keep an accurate account of territorial governor, Eli H. Murray desig- 2001. all receipts and expenditures of his nated his own alternative County gov- county, also, of all debts…” duties that ernment in place of officials already in Some forgotten offices of long ago are as the Clerk no longer has. County gov- office. He appointed a County Sheriff, amusing to recall as they are important foot- ernment of the 19th Century also in- Probate Judge, and other officials in op- notes in County history. For example, the cluded an elected coroner and superin- position to current office holders. 1880 territorial legislature mandated that tendent of schools, positions that no County Probate Judge Elias Smith, in his counties appoint a “bee inspector” to inspect longer exist within County govern- journal entry of Friday September 22, bees for the disease “foul brood.” The ment. At one point, there was an 1882, reported a dramatic climax to this County also started appointing a “pound th elected Collector (of taxes), separate event. “U.J. Wenner, the appointee for keeper” in the 19 century, a position that from the Treasurer, an office the Leg- Probate Judge…came today and pre- presumably foreshadowed today’s Animals islature abolished effective June 1, sented a document purporting to be a Services Division. Examples of other now- 1897 and whose duties were folded commission from Governor Murray as defunct offices were the “crops and pests into the Treasurer’s Office. Probate Judge, and demanded of me the inspector,” the “county infirmary superinten- office books, records, and papers of the dent,” and the “water superintendent.” The Sheriff is one of the most visible Probate Court, which I refused to surren- and recognized offices. In 1852, der…Arthur Pratt, the appointee for At one time, County government included a James B. Ferguson became Salt Lake Sheriff, also presented to Sheriff “water works” department. Minutes from County’s first Sheriff. The first Sher- McKean…and made demand of that December 31, 1906 include a “water rate iff’s deputy killed in the line of duty office, the county jail, the prisoners con- plan.” For example, a household was occurred in 1913 when a miner from fined there and all property in his cus- charged $1.50 for “hose connection for sprin- the now-defunct town of Bingham tody pertaining to that office.” Within kling garden, lawn or yard,” $1.00 for shot and killed Sheriff’s deputies who the decade, the LDS Church officially “washing private vehicle,” $1.00 for “each were pursuing him for murder. ended the practice of polygamy, and bath tub,” and $1.00 “for each animal.” Ap- Utah gained statehood on January 4, parently no water metering system had been One dramatic event of the 19th Century 1896. implemented at that time. involved the Sheriff, the Federal Gov- ernment, and a showdown over polyg- In his diary, Judge Smith wrote that he The Sheriff, then as now, has been desig- amy, a practice at that time of the was not happy with his last 10 years in nated by State statute as the County jailer office due to tensions with with responsibility for the jail and its in- the Federal Government. mates. As already noted, the first jail was When he resigned in 1884, located in the basement of the County Court- his eldest son, Elias Asahel house. The second jail was built exclusively Smith, assumed his position as a jail in the 1860s or 1870s, a standalone as County Probate Judge. building located at 268 West Second South Twelve years later, with the next to the County Courthouse. Dubbed the advent of statehood, the “rotary jail” because of its interior “drum” County Court form of gov- configuration, it consisted of two tiers with ernment, including the 10 cells on each tier that, when doubled- County Probate Judge, was bunked, allowed for 40 prisoners. This jail abolished and a three- had the appearance of a Victorian-style house member board of County and is pictured in these pages. Though de- Commissioners, all of them molished in 1927, it ceased operations much elected at large, was formed. earlier when a new jail with capacity for 150 The Commissioners had inmates opened on July 7, 1910 at the corner Sheriff Young (front, third from left) and Deputies both legislative and execu- of Second East and Fourth South. In front of in front of City and County Building, 1930’s or tive powers. the jail, a home was built for the Sheriff in 1940’s which to live. these pages.

A new “County Infirmary Hospital” with a bed capacity for 25 patients and 100 “inmates” was built in 1911-1912, at a cost of $200,000, and dedicated May 12, 1912. In addition to serving the public at large, it was used to serve the medical needs of the poor. Prior to this time, the poor were di- rected to St. Mark’s Hospital, under an agreement with the County. An “isolation hospital” for tubercular patients was built in 1917. With no antibiotics at the time Hospital Ward, May 1, 1921 to treat tuberculosis, isolation of patients County General Hospital, was used to prevent spread of this deadly 1911-mid 1960’s and highly contagious disease. This jail operated until the mid-1960s, was big pine trees in front, that stood on demolished on August 6, 1966, and re- Another “County Infirmary” opened on the the site of the current Government placed by the modern “Metro Jail” at 450 property in early 1923 to replace the old Center north building. South 300 East which, when it opened, had County infirmary hospital. The older facil- capacity for 311 inmates. This jail was ity was then devoted strictly to “medical, From 1942 to 1965, the County Hospi- contemplated as early as 1950, but accord- surgical and obstetrical cases,” and re- tal was also a clinical training facility ing to the Sheriff’s history, was delayed for University of Utah medical stu- due to political wrangling. Metro jail is dents. The County Hospital filled not far from the memory of most Salt Lake roles in many ways similar to today’s County residents since it continued opera- University Medical Center. Such no- tions through 1999, and was demolished in table University physicians as Dr. Pe- 2000. The new jail, or Adult Detention ter Lindstrom, a neurologist and ex- Center, at 3415 South 900 West opened in husband of actress Ingrid Bergman, 2000. had offices and performed surgery at the County General Hospital. The The County Hospital, a nearly-forgotten University Hospital (Medical Center) chapter in history, occupied the site of the opened in 1965, by which time the current Salt Lake County Government County Hospital essentially ceased Center at 2001 South State Street. Over operations. The buildings remained the years, various buildings were con- Nurses Class, 1941 until 1985 and were used as County structed on the site for the hospital and offices, and one building served for a “infirmary,” an early term used in refer- named the “County General Hospital.” short time as the office for FHP, a ence to a hospital. The County purchased The removal of the infirmary from this private health care provider. this property on October 17, 1885 from a older facility allowed for an expanded Louisa Ferguson of New York for $3,500. medical bed capacity for 125 patients. A So-called “poor houses,” or “poor Shortly thereafter, the County built an new isolation hospital was completed in farms,” were facilities common th “infirmary and asylum” on the site of the 1934. throughout the country in the 19 cen- current Government Center south building. tury that were operated by Counties. A picture of the infirmary is shown in The County Hospital also served the men- Salt Lake County also operated a tally-ill, and as therapy included electrical shock treatment, a practice that has since been replaced by more effective methods, including medications.

A school for nurses was opened in 1913. The first class, numbering six students, graduated in 1916. Former County Com- missioner, Mike Stewart, remembers the nursing school as a beige building located on the site of the current Government Cen- ter parking terrace. As a child attending the nearby McKinley School, he also re- County Infirmary, 1880’s-early 1900’s Salt Lake County Fire Department, members a boys’ detention home with two circa 1927 “Poor House,” a residence offered to the today’s Public Works Departments, was an Prior to the merit system, the Sheriff’s his- poor who could not otherwise support important mainstay of County operations tory reports that deputies obtained employ- themselves. for many years. Its budget was much lar- ment by belonging to the Sheriff’s political ger than the Sheriff’s, a fact quite the op- party, being his acquaintance, or otherwise The Salt Lake County Volunteer Fire posite today. currying his favor. The Sheriff maintained Department, which in later years became a “flower fund,” dedicated to his campaign a full-time operation, was organized No- As government moved through the 20th re-election account, to which all deputies Century, the County’s reaction to World were expected to contribute. The Sheriff’s War II, as evidenced in County Commis- office did not administer tests for the hiring sion minutes, is of particular note. In re- or advancement of deputies until the sponse to concerns about children of moth- 1960s, and the Sheriff’s office adopted its ers employed in defense industries, the own merit system in 1961, and in 1964 County Commission approved a $1,000 reduced its six-day work week to allow for contribution to child care nurseries to be more flexibility. operated by the Federal Government’s Works Progress Administration (WPA). At one time, the Sheriff’s salary was the Also, a plan was considered whereby 300 excess of what he did not spend on the care interned Japanese citizens would be of jail inmates. For many years, he was brought into the County “for harvesting Salt Lake County Fire Department, May 28, 1952 crops” of various agricultural companies. The planting of “victory gardens” was a vember 21, 1921. Early County fire common event throughout the country dur- fighters are pictured in these pages. Vol- ing World War II. County minutes of 1942 unteers were paid $1.50 for the first hour state that approval had been made to a re- in fighting a fire, and $1.00 for each quest from a Mrs. Cloe Barnhurst to use hour thereafter. The County purchased County-owned property to plant a “victory its first ambulance in 1937, and in the garden.” 1970s added paramedics to its operations. In 2004, the Fire Department In other minutes from the period of World ceased operation as a County govern- War II, a “communication” to the Commis- ment entity and became the United Fire sion is mentioned wherein it was suggested Authority, a quasi-governmental organi- that obsolete voting machines contained zation operating as a special fire district 1,200 pounds of metal that could “be made that included selected cities within the into effective bombs.” Moreover, the County, in addition to unincorporated Commission approved a $1,000 contribu- areas. tion to a “recreation center for Negro sol- diers” on Fourth South, between Main and County budgets of past years pale in State Streets. comparison to contemporary budgets of $800 million. For example, County min- Following World War II, Salt Lake County Sheriff’s Office Building, utes of December 20, 1926 provide a entered what could appropriately be termed March 27, 2002 breakdown of the 1927 budget, a budget its modern era. Many new County govern- that totaled $1,631,100. The Sheriff was ment functions began, and employees were paid 16 cents per meal served to an inmate, appropriated $141,250, $26,430 was organized under a merit system. an amount that was raised to 21 cents in appropriated to the Attorney, $65,000 to 1966. In 1967, this type of salary plan was the Assessor, $96,520 to the “poor com- Former chief deputy County Recorder discontinued and the County started paying missioner,” $9,375 to the “Girl’s Home,” Glen Acomb, who started work in the Re- the Sheriff his own salary, and budgeting $50,000 to the “Widow’s Pension,” and corder’s office in 1948, recalls that it was separately for the jail. $136,235 to the General Hospital, among not uncommon for a newly-elected official other organizations. Of course, many of to replace an entire office with his own set Internal audits gained a more important these functions no longer exist, including of employees, including those at a clerk or role in business and government by the the poor commissioner, girl’s home, entry-level position. The County imple- latter half of the 20th century. In 1971, the widow’s pension, and general hospital. mented a merit system in the 1950s, Auditor’s Office issued its first internal thereby protecting workers from the vaga- audit report of a County agency. Also in The biggest appropriation in the 1927 ries of elections and changes in elected the 1970s, a separate finance department budget was $402,435 to “roads and officials. It also provided for job classifi- existed for a short time, a function that bridges.” The “Roads and Bridges De- cations and pay scales within those job later reverted back to the Auditor’s Office. partment,” the forerunner of a portion of classifications.

Another sign of modern County opera- tem began operations in early 1939. County Parks and Recreation started tions was the implementation of zoning The first libraries were small collec- operations on May 1, 1946 as an ini- for land use and development. This first tions located in schools, or in one tiative and request from the Granite occurred on December 19, 1949 with the case, a store front. The Kearns Li- Recreation Association to the County creation of the Millcreek and Rosecrest brary, completed in 1957, marked the Commission. Like the Libraries, Rec- (Canyon Rim) planning districts, and first, large stand-alone library. The reation began operations within exist- was followed by the Uniform Zoning Whitmore Branch, opened in 1974, ing school buildings. Evergreen Park Ordinance, first published November 7, became the first park in the system 1952. The County started issuing build- and was dedicated May 10, 1946. A ing permits and implemented the first County recreation report from 1947 building code in 1954. Prior to that provides details of a few activities in time, any type of building could be con- place at that time. There were “quiet structed at any location. Planning and games,” like jacks, checkers and puz- Zoning is included in the Public Works zles, and also the typical softball and Department portfolio. baseball activities, dance instruction Jazz playing in the old Salt Palace that included dance festivals at each Other Public Works functions, including became library system headquarters center (school), and also Saturday Sanitation (refuse collection), Flood and remains so today. County Li- morning 15 minute broadcasts in the Control and Traffic Engineering, and brary Services, its present designation, summer on KALL radio that featured Solid Waste Management have evolved has 18 libraries, with the largest being music talent from local schools. over time. Sanitation became Special the Sandy Branch, opened in 1991. Improvement District #1 in 1977. The The most recent additions to the sys- Today, Parks and Recreation operates Solid Waste Management Division’s tem include South Jordan, opened many facilities around the County, landfill at 5600 West California Avenue October 8, 2005, and Draper, opened including 66 parks comprised of 9 is jointly owned by Salt Lake City and November 5, 2005. Draper replaces “regional” parks, 34 “community” County, as set forth in an inter-local an older library building. Both of parks and 23 “neighborhood” parks, agreement with Salt Lake City, dated these state-of-the-art libraries have 13 recreation centers, 8 stand-alone January 1979. automated book sorting systems, self outdoor swimming pools, and six golf check-out and radio frequency-ID courses. The oldest golf course, Solid Waste Management issues its own tagged books that facilitate the self- Meadow Brook, opened in 1951, and audited financial statements, and the checkout and automated book sorting is located at 4197 South 1300 West. County and City divide the reporting of functions. All libraries have wireless The newest golf courses are Old Mill, revenues and expenses among them- internet, and audio books that can be a newly constructed facility, and South selves. The County’s previous landfill downloaded to a patron’s PDA. The Mountain, a golf course purchased operation was located west of its current book automatically deletes itself from from a previous owner. Old Mill location on a 70-acre plot at 7600 West. the PDA after three weeks, signaling opened in 1998 and is located at 6080 From 1968 to 1975, the Landfill, known that the book is “due.” South Wasatch Boulevard. South as the “Old Pioneer Landfill,” was leased Mountain, located at 1247 East Ram- from the Pioneer Stake bling Road, opened in 1998 under of the LDS Church and ownership of a private company located east of the cur- from which the County purchased rent landfill. The Salt the golf course in 1999. Lake Valley Waste Transfer station, located Federal Community Development at 503 West 3300 South, Block Grant money received in the was opened in 1999, late 1960s and 1970s allowed for ostensibly as a means to construction of the Central City, prolong the life of the Redwood, Northwest and Copper- Landfill. Garbage view “Multi-Purpose Centers.” dumped at the transfer Copperview, which opened in 1981, station is scooped onto was the last multi-purpose center railroad cars, and until built of these four. These facilities 2005, was hauled to a were not only recreation centers. As landfill in east Carbon part of the funding mandate they County. were to also provide daycare to low income families and space for health The County Library Sys- clinics and food banks. They also Salt Palace, 1980’s included senior centers at the time by the County’s Parks and Recreation Division, corner of South Temple and West they were built. Except for Northwest, opened in February, 2001. The Taylorsville Temple Streets, the site of Abravanel these centers no longer maintain day- Recreation Center, which opened in September, Hall. In December, 1975, Salt Lake care operations, or devote space for 2002, is the newest Parks and Recreation facil- County voters approved an $8.675 senior centers, and none of them has a ity. Parks and Recreation also operates the Cot- million bond to finance this project. health clinic. In recent years, the cen- tonwood and Valley Regional Softball Com- ters have become somewhat obsolete plexes. Maurice Abravanel Hall (originally and vacant space has become evident Symphony Hall), located at 123 West in the face of modern fitness centers Parks has developed sections of the Jordan South Temple, was inaugurated Sep- with their exercise equipment, spas, River Parkway, a system of trails, trailheads, tember 14, 1979. The Capitol Theater, climbing walls and open design. underpasses, parking lots and other improve- a building opened in 1913, for many ments to provide safe accessibility to the natu- years was operated by a private com- After Copperview was completed in ral beauty of the Jordan River, and has been pany and called the Orpheum Theater, 1981, no more recreation centers were involved with development of the Bonneville and later, the Capitol Theater. Salt added until 1995 when Parks and Rec- Shore Trail, including the Parley’s Trail cross- Lake County acquired it in the 1970s, reation acquired the Marv Jenson Fit- ing. Both of these are on-going projects. and opened the newly renovated Capi- ness Center. However, the lull in con- tol Theater on October 18, 1978. Wheeler Historic Farm, another Parks and Rec- reation operation, located at 6351 South 900 Rose Wagner Theater, located at 138 East, was property sold to Salt Lake County in West 300 South, is a new facility in 1969. In December, 1974, the County Com- the County’s Center for Arts organiza- mission approved its restoration and designated tion. Phase I of Rose Wagner opened it as Salt Lake County’s official American in January, 1997, followed by phase Revolution Bicentennial (1776-1976) project. II, the big theater, on March 31, 2001. It features live farm animals, planting and harvesting of crops, a family farm house built in Next to Abravanel Hall is the Salt Pal- 1898-1900, and an activity barn, completed in ace Convention Center, located at 100 1990. Horse-drawn hayrides were discontinued South West Temple. This is the sec- Lifeguards at Fairmont Aquatic in the 1990s following the accidental death of a ond Salt Palace on site. The first build- Center, May 16, 2002 boy. In 2000, a popular Christmas light display ing was demolished to make way for a was discontinued due to lack of funding. center that more adequately suited struction ended with the advent of the contemporary convention marketing Zoo, Arts and Parks (ZAP) tax in Bicentennial revelry also provided impetus for needs. The first Salt Palace was an 1997, which proved a boon to Parks funding the restoration and renovation of the arena, noted for its circular “drum” and Recreation expansion. Money Capitol Theater, and construction of Maurice appearance outside, and convention from this .10% countywide sales tax Abravanel Hall (used for symphony concerts), center that opened to much fanfare on was used to finance construction of and the visual arts center. These three build- July 11-13, 1969 with concerts by the many new recreation centers, includ- ings were designated as a Bicentennial Arts Utah Symphony, Mormon Youth ing Dimple Dell, and Gene Fullmer Center Complex for which groundbreaking Symphony and Chorus, and country Fitness Centers, opened June 2, 2000 took place March 10, 1977 on the southwest singer, Glen Campbell. It was home and August 11, 2000, respectively, court to the Utah Stars basketball team Accord and County Murray Ice Cen- of the old American Basketball Asso- ters, opened June 6, 1997, and Decem- ciation (ABA), the Utah Jazz of the ber, 1999, respectively, the Fairmont NBA, and the Salt Lake Golden Ea- Aquatic Center, inaugurated January gles hockey team. An addition on the 15, 2002, Magna Fitness and Recrea- north side of this original Salt Palace tion Center, opened March, 2000, the was completed in 1984. Holladay-Lions Fitness Center, opened December 15, 2000, Centen- The concept for the first Salt Palace nial Park Swimming Pool, opened dates to March 16, 1962 when a joint May, 2001, and the indoor arena at city-county civic auditorium commit- Equestrian Park, which opened in late tee concluded that such a facility was 1999/early 2000. needed. On November 5, 1963 voters approved a $17 million bond, by a The Salt Lake Sports Complex and 59% to 41% margin, to finance its Steiner Aquatic Center, owned and construction. On July 9, 1968, the built by Salt Lake City, but managed Salt Lake County Government Center, South project was named “The Salt Palace.” Building, March 28, 2002

Additional exhibition space was re- transferred ownership of the Hansen Plane- academics and those wanting change, quired to attract sizeable conventions to tarium, located in the old City Library at 15 Congress passed any number of social the city. Therefore, the first Salt Pal- South State Street, to Salt Lake County. engineering measures aimed at solving ace, including the arena and drum, but Salt Lake City opened Hansen Planetarium crime and poverty, and providing more not the 1984 addition, was demolished in 1965. It was so named because of a pri- humane treatment to the elderly and in 1991 and a completely new conven- mentally ill. tion center, without an arena, was built in its place at a cost of $85 million. The Comprehensive Employment and The new Salt Palace was dedicated in Training Act was the impetus for creat- February, 1996. ing the County’s Economic Develop- ment and Community Resources Divi- Not long after its completion, an addi- sion in 1974 or 1975. The Division has tional 100,000 square feet of exhibition undergone several changes and redirec- space was built onto the south end of tion in its mission since that time. When the building. The first events in this it was initially formed, the Division fo- new section were held in December, cused on job training, but in 1979, fol- 2000, with the official opening occur- lowing passage of the Job Training Part- ring in early 2001. The Salt Palace has nership Act, expanded its focus to job 367,000 square feet. As of this writing Hansen Planetarium creation. The job creation aspect of the in October 2005 another addition is program was discontinued as a County under construction, and the 1984 addi- vate donation of $400,000 received in 1964 operation in 1988 and became a private tion has been demolished. from Mrs. George T. Hansen. corporation called the Economic Devel- opment Corporation of Utah. Today, the The County built the 243,000 square The County operated the Hansen Planetar- County’s Economic Development and foot South Towne Exposition Center, ium through December 31, 2002, at which Community Resources Division is called located at 9597 South State Street in time it closed. The new Clark Planetarium Community Resources and Development Sandy, as a companion to the Salt Pal- opened April 11, 2003. County officials had (CRAD), and serves various functions, ace to handle mainly trade shows, fairs, discussed the need for a new planetarium including administration of federally and events designed more for the local because of the disrepair of the Hansen funded HUD housing projects, Youth community. South Towne was com- Planetarium. The Clark Planetarium was so Employment Services for disadvantaged pleted in December, 2000. In 1991, the named due to a $1 million donation towards youth, and the County’s graffiti eradica- County entered into a contract with its construction from the Clark Foundation. tion program. SMG, a convention center management A Clark family member serves on the plane- company based in Philadelphia, to man- tarium board, and desired to name the facil- The County’s Substance Abuse and age Salt Palace, and later, South Towne ity after his mother. Youth Services Divisions are both Exposition Center operations. funded almost entirely through Federal Government-grant programs of the 1960s, grant money. Youth Services began The Salt Palace served as the Media and particularly the 1970s, led to the crea- operations in 1974 as a countywide ini- Press Center and International Broad- tion of new or expanded County divisions tiative to counsel, rather than punish, casting Center for the 2002 Winter in Human Services. The County received youth challenged by social deviancy. Olympic Games held in Salt Lake City large amounts of Federal money in the The program expanded in 1978 when the February 8 – 24, 2002. The entire pe- 1970s. Social upheaval of the 1960s and Legislature passed responsibility for rimeter of the Salt Palace was fenced the advancement of new ideas aimed at ungovernable and runaway youth from off for security purposes. Other County solving social ills led to many new pro- Juvenile Court to the State Division of facilities served as venues for the Win- grams passed by Congress during the Community and Family Services. ter Olympics of 2002, including Abra- Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administra- vanel Hall and Capitol Theater where tions. In September, 1994, in cooperation with events of the “cultural olympics,” and the State Division of Corrections, the various press conferences were held. In addition to social upheaval from the Viet- Youth Services Division started the first Also, Parks and Recreation facilities, nam War, campus protests, and the increas- juvenile receiving center in Utah. Ar- including the Accord Ice Arena, and ice ing use of illegal drugs, it was an era of eco- resting officers now have the option of rinks at the Salt Lake City Sports Com- nomic prosperity and spirited endeavor in taking youth to this center for orientation plex, were used as practice venues by human achievement, spawned in some cases and direction. figure skaters, racers, and hockey by the Cold War. Man went to the moon. teams. The World Trade Center in New York was The Youth Services campus at 177 West built. People were on the move to newly- Price Avenue (3610 South) includes an The County entered the planetarium built suburbs. Situated in a relatively favor- administration, counseling and intake business in 1978 when Salt Lake City able budgetary position, and spurred by building and a boys’ group home, both opened in August, 1996, a girls’ group mental health movement gained im- Transportation in 1971, Foster Grandpar- home, opened in November, 2000, and portance in the 1960s. ents in 1972, and Caregiver Support and the Christmas Box House, opened in Elder Abuse in 2000. October, 1999. Construction of the Valley Mental Health, formerly a Christmas Box House was a private/ County Division, but since 1987, a City-County consolidation was a much- public partnership that included a private contractor of the County, actu- discussed subject of the 1960s and 1970s. $1,000,000 donation from noted au- ally started as three mental health cen- It found its greatest and essentially only thor, Richard Paul Evans. It serves as ters in Salt Lake County. The first of fulfillment, in 1970, in the consolidation of an intake center for youth up to age 18 these was Granite Mental Health, the City and County Public Health Depart- and shelter for abused and neglected which began operations in the late ments. From 1970 to 2000 it was called children. 1960s. Granite Mental Health was the City-County Health Department, after followed by Salt Lake Mental Health, which the designation was changed to its The Criminal Justice Services Divi- which serviced the north end of the current name, Salt Lake Valley Health sion (CJS) started in 1972-73 as a valley, and lastly, by Copper Moun- Department. The Health Department has a small pre-trial release pilot program. tain Mental Health, which served the number of functions. Perhaps most visible It expanded in 1974 after being south end of the Valley. of these are the seven community health awarded “LEAA” grant money to fund centers around the valley. The Environ- what was known as the “Des Moines In 1980, the County Commission col- mental Health Services section of the Replication,” a criminal justice model lapsed these three mental health or- Health department moved into its own, that featured a heavily supervised re- ganizations into one to form Valley newly-constructed building at 788 East cognizance program, a probation as- Mental Health. Following the recom- Woodoak Lane in September, 1999. Previ- pect, and a residential/incarceration mendation of a blue ribbon panel in ously, these offices were located at 610 program. The LEAA grant continued 1995, Valley Mental in 1997 discon- South Second East, a building which for through 1978. tinued operation as a County organiza- many years also served as headquarters for tion, became a private, non-profit cor- the entire Health Department and today “Pre-trial Release,” as it was then poration, and continued under contract includes a health clinic and the Vital Re- called, became a County General Fund as the sole mental health service pro- cords section. One of the most noted roles activity on January 1, 1979, and in vider for Salt Lake County. The of Environmental Health is its inspection time lost some of the features of the agreement with Valley Mental Health of restaurants for conditions that could lead Des Moines replication. On January has been renewed and continues to this to food borne diseases. 1, 1987, the Division acquired the day. During the last several years, Alcohol Counseling and Education Salt Lake County has compensated The merging of Salt Lake City Animal Center (ACEC) from the Substance Valley Mental Health about $6 million Control Services into the County’s Animal Abuse Division. ACEC is a probation for its services each year. Valley’s Services Division, in 1991, was another supervision unit for individuals con- total budget approximated $80 million city-county consolidation. The modern era victed of alcohol-related offenses. 2004. Valley continued to maintain its of animal control in Salt Lake County offices on the second floor of the dates back to 1941 when Edna Thompson Today, CJS is a jail pre-trial recogni- County Government Center until the opened a kennel at 3080 South 210 West zance release, probation and counsel- mid 1990s when it moved into its own for animals impounded by Salt Lake ing program for individuals charged headquarters building. County. This facility was used until 1973 with and convicted of crimes. CJS when the County purchased an already- employees have their own office at the The Federally-funded Meals on existing boarding kennel at 511 West 3900 jail. They interview arrested individu- Wheels program, providing hot meals South, the site of the current shelter, a als immediately after they have been to the aged in their homes, began op- newly constructed building that opened in brought there for booking. CJS rec- eration in 1966 as a private, non-profit 1992. Animal Services became a County ommends release of qualifying indi- organization. The County Commis- Division in 1987. viduals prior to their trial. Individuals sion formed the Council on Aging, in are released on their own recognizance 1970, and changed its name to its cur- The computer age in Salt Lake County subject to limited supervision from rent designation of Aging Services dates to 1969 when a data processing di- CJS. Division in 1978. rector was hired. A systems analyst and programmer were then hired in January, Like Criminal Justice Service, Valley The first senior center in Salt Lake 1970, following which other personnel Mental Health was started through County was the Tenth East Recreation were hired. The first processor, an IBM Federal grant seed money. In this Center, opened in 1964. In addition to 360-30 with 96,000 characters of memory, case, the purpose of the grant was to Meals on Wheels, the Aging Services was installed in September, 1970 in the deinstitutionalize the mentally ill Division added a number of other pro- basement of the City and County Building through the funding of community grams for the care and comfort of the in facilities that had been retrofitted espe- mental health centers. The community elderly including, but not limited to, cially for computer use.

Payroll and financial systems were the collectors. Technology also allows taxpay- mates, is a “podular design,” with first applications placed on the com- ers to make payments via the Internet. The cells built around open, common ar- puter. The tax system, a high priority Treasurer implemented Internet payment eas. Cells have locking doors, but no for computerization, was placed on- of property taxes in 2001. Computer tech- bars. The nearby Oxbow Jail, com- line in 1974 following an arduous two- nology has also greatly aided the Clerk’s pleted in 1992, is a minimum security year migration from its previous man- office in its tallying of election votes. facility with an inmate capacity of ual operation. Placing the tax system 552. It was closed in an effort to save on-line eliminated several drawers of Following nearly a century in the City and money. The last inmates were trans- Addressograph plates containing legal County Building and scattered offices ferred from Oxbow to the Adult De- descriptions of property, and names throughout the valley, in the mid-1980s the tention Center on February 23, 2002. and addresses of property owners that County built its own office building, the previously had been used in the proc- Salt Lake County Government Center, The District Attorney’s office, which has essing and distribution of tax notices. located at 2001 South State Street on the prosecuted such notorious criminal fig- northeast corner of State Street and 2100 ures as Ted Bundy, underwent an organ- The County’s Information Services South. The Government Center was com- izational change on January 1, 1995 with Division (I/S), as it is called today, pleted in 1997. It is the seat of County the formation of two elected offices, the started operations as the Data Process- government. The County Council cham- District Attorney, who prosecuted crimi- ing Department, followed by Manage- bers are located here, as well as offices for nal cases, and the County Attorney, who ment Information Services. In late all elected officials and department heads. handled all legal matters related to 1986, I/S was the first agency to move County government itself. E. Neal into the newly-built Salt Lake County The Salt Lake County Government Center Gunnarson was elected as District Attor- Government Center at 2001 South comprises two separate buildings, the ney, and Douglas R. Short was elected as State Street. The County has installed “north building,” and the “south building,” County Attorney. Both offices were an IBM Z800-2066-0A1 main com- connected on the third floor by puter system with 8 billion characters a breezeway. Groundbreaking of memory, a storage capacity of over for the south building occurred 2.1 trillion characters of data, and a September 9, 1985, and for the processing speed of 80 million instruc- north building it occurred ear- tions per second. lier that year.

Desk top personal computers (PCs) Former County Commissioner became common office tools by the Mike Stewart, a member of the 1980s, and access to the Internet was Commission that proposed, generally available by 1996. Com- approved and oversaw construction of the Government puter-aided design programs, digital First Salt Lake County Council. 2001 imaging, and the Government Infor- Center, stated that the deterio- mation Systems (GIS) on-line county rating condition of the nearly map, and Global Positioning System 100-year-old City and County Building combined and called the County Attor- (GPS) equipment have greatly en- was a factor in deciding to build the Gov- ney’s Office prior 1995. hanced planning, and property identi- ernment Center. Uncertainty existed in the fication and tax assessing methods. early 1980s as to when or if needed reno- Frequent disputes ensued between the vation would take place on the old City County Commission and County Attor- Advanced technology has been useful and County Building. There was also a ney elected in 1994, leading the Com- to the Recorder’s office which first desire to bring department heads under one mission to reduce the County Attorney’s used digital imaging of recorded docu- roof from their various locations through- budget and transfer many of his attor- ments in 1997, a technology that out the valley. In November 1985, general neys to their supervision. After just one greatly reduced lag time over time obligation refunding bonds of $50,135,000 election cycle, the District Attorney and required in the previous system of were issued for long-term financing of the County Attorney’s Offices were recom- microfilming records. Also in 1997, Government Center project. These were bined, and a District Attorney was the Recorder’s office started providing repaid in 10 years. elected in 1998 to perform both func- on-line Internet access of recorded tions. documents and maps. The new County jail is another major construction project of recent years. This conflict also proved a key factor in Technology used in the Surveyor’s Inmates moved into the current County advancing the idea of a new form of office to establish section and quarter jail, or Adult Detention Center, in Janu- government. In the election of Novem- corners has advanced from compasses, ary, 2000. This newly-constructed fa- ber 8, 1998, Salt Lake County voters steel chains and manual calculations to cility located at 3415 South 900 West approved a Mayor/Council form of gov- total station surveying equipment, was built at a cost of $132 million. The ernment to replace the County Commis- global positioning systems and data jail, which has a capacity for 2,000 in- sion. The new form of government took effect January 1, 2001 with the swearing In 2002, Salt Lake County celebrated County, Utah, 1929, Jas. H. Sullivan, Auditor in of new County officials. The first its sesquicentennial. To end this ses- County Mayor was Nancy Workman, a quicentennial year, on February 26, 9. Salt Lake County Surveyor. Salt Lake City, Republican who, prior to being elected 2003, a time capsule containing 150 Utah Mayor, had served as the elected County documents was placed in the ground at 10. History – Aging Services Division. Salt Recorder for the previous six years. the Government Center with directions Lake City, Utah that it to be opened in 50 years, in the The Council was organized with three year 2052. Salt Lake County has gone 11. Untitled manuscript of historical events at-large Council Members elected Coun- from pioneer times of horse and buggy related to the Salt Lake County Planning and tywide and six Commissioners elected to modern times of automobiles and Development Services Division from designated districts. The original jet travel, from hand-written ledgers nine-member County Council comprised and records to high-speed computer- 12. Untitled manuscript histories of Salt Lake six Republicans and three Democrats. generated tax notices and documents, County Fine Arts Division, Abravanel Hall, and The Democrats were Randy Horiuchi, from offices in sturdy old pioneer Capitol Theater

Jim Bradley, both at-large, and Joe buildings to the sleek, modern Gov- 13. Salt Palace Feasibility Study (Salt Lake Hatch. The Republicans were Steve ernment Center of today. Salt Lake City. [1990?]) Harmsen, an at-large Council member, County has moved with the changing and Winston Wilkinson, David A. times, incorporated new technology 14. History and Formation of the Salt Palace Wilde, Russell C. Skousen, Marvin Hen- into its operations, and adapted to so- and Fine Arts Facility. Salt Lake City, Utah drickson, and Michael H. Jenson. cial trends. As it has for the past 153 years, Salt Lake County continues to 15. Linda Wilcox, History of Animal Services, Mayor Workman’s term in office came provide services for the betterment, memo to Larry Decker to a stormy conclusion amid criminal enjoyment and advancement of its 16. Phil Clingenpeel, History of Salt Lake charges filed in 2004, the year in which citizens. County Information Services she was running for re-election. A jury later found her not guilty on all charges. —Larry Decker 17. The Gift of Health Goes On: A History of On September 7, 2004, the District At- the University of Utah Medical Center (Salt Sources: torney charged her with two felonies, Lake City: Office of Community Relations,

University of Utah Health Sciences Center, one second degree and one third degree, 1. Elias Smith’s Journal, ed. Sarah C. Tho- 1990) and one misdemeanor, in connection mas (Bountiful, Utah: S.C. Thomas, [1984?] with the hiring of two employees whose 18. Salt Lake County Fire Department: Depart- salaries were paid out of Health Depart- 2. Salt Lake County. Board of Commission- ment History (Salt Lake City: ers. Minutes of the Meeting of the Salt Lake ment funds. These employees assisted in www.saltlakefiredistrict.org/Page/DeptHis/ County Board of Commissioners, 1897 - accounting operations at the Boys and DeptHist.htm) 1945 Girls Club, a non-county entity, and did not report for work at the Health Depart- 19. Paul Fleming and Paul Cunningham, Bring 3. Great Salt Lake County. Minutes of the ment. The act of being charged with a Me Men to Match My Mountains Meetings of the Great Salt Lake County felony required that Mayor Workman Court, 1852-1868 20. Bruce Thayne, Recollections of Sheriffs immediately be placed on administrative Past and Present leave. 4. Salt Lake County. Minutes of the Meet-

ings of the Salt Lake County Court, 1868 - 21. Paul Fleming, In the Line of Duty 1896 Workman’s previously strong standing in the polls plummeted, and on October 22. Brent Leake, The Salt Lake County Jail 5. Robert A. Westby, Chronology of Salt 12, 2004, she withdrew her name from Lake County History, July 17, 1989, Salt the Mayoral race. In a letter, she de- 23. Hansen Planetarium. Informational bro- Lake County Records Management and Ar- clared that a “disability” prevented her chure commemorating 30th anniversary of com- chives Division, Salt Lake City, Utah mencement of operations from continuing the race, thereby allow- ing her name to be removed from the 6. Robert A. Westby, Salt Lake County Cen- 24. Heartthrobs of the West (Salt Lake City: ballot and replaced with that of another ters of Government: Notes on their History, Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 1939), vol. 1, pp. Republican candidate. Her trial began November 10, 1987, Salt Lake County Re- 330 – 333 cords Management and Archives Division, February 2, 2005, and on February 10, Salt Lake City, Utah. 2005 a jury acquitted her of all charges. 25. The Nancy Workman Case, Deseret Morn-

Following her acquittal, Mayor Work- ing News, February 11, 2005 7. Laws of Utah, 1852, 1880, 1888, 1896, man was quoted as saying, “I’m just Salt Lake City, Utah thrilled. I’m so thrilled now I can’t stand 26. Interviews with Pat Berckman, Director,

Youth Services Division; Phil Clingenpeel, it.” Peter Corroon, a Democrat, won the 8. Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake County Information Services Division, April 9, 2002; election and became Salt Lake County’s Records Management and Archives Divi- Cal Schneller and Doug Campbell, Planning second Mayor. sion. Auditor’s Annual Report, Salt Lake and Development Services Division; David A. Dangerfield, Chief Executive Officer, Valley Mental Health, April 5, 2002; Lon Hinde, Crimi- nal Justice Service Division, April 10, 2002; Scott Russell, Library System; Romney Stewart, Direc- tor, Solid Waste Management, April 9, 2002; Andy Harper, Recorder’s Office, April 9, 2002; Michael D. Stewart, former County Commis- sioner, April 10, 2002; Karl Hendrickson, District Attorney’s Office, April 10, 2002; Glen Acomb, former chief assistant, Recorder’s Office, April 10, 2002; Marian Iwasaki, Director, Center for the Arts; Carol DeCaria, Fiscal Manager, Clark Plane- tarium, September, 2005; Paul Ross, fiscal manager, Recreation and Parks Division, September, 2005

27. Photos of County Courthouse, Judge Elias Smith, City and County Building, Commissioner A.H. Crabbe, County Infirmary, County General Hospital, Nurses Class, and Hospital Ward cour- tesy of the History Division of the State of Utah

Special thanks to Terry B. Ellis, Records Man- ager, Salt Lake County Records Management and Archives division for providing many of the refer- ence materials, including selections of interest from past County minute books.