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WILSON-DISSERTATION-2018.Pdf (1.391Mb) Beyond the Equivalence Divide: Developing a Performative Theory of Biblical Translation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilson, Justine. 2018. Beyond the Equivalence Divide: Developing a Performative Theory of Biblical Translation. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41128500 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Beyond the Equivalence Divide: Developing a Performative Theory of Biblical Translation A dissertation presented by Justine Wilson to The Study of Religion Department - in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of New Testament and Early Christian Origins Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2018 © 2018 Justine Wilson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza Justine Wilson Beyond the Equivalence Divide: Developing a Performative Theory of Biblical Translation Abstract This dissertation uses a comparative analysis of Cherokee and Greek scriptures to develop a performative theory of biblical translation that argues that new Christianities are created through processes of translation. This project argues these new Christianities develop by the tracing of alternative lineal memories through collectivized remembrances that trace back to traditional indigenous beliefs and practices rather than to the early Church in first century Palestine. The narrativizing of these collective lineal memories create not only individual and communal identities, but also governing/sovereignty structures as well. This dissertation further argues that collective remembrance also entails collective forgetting. When these collective lineal memories are selectively evoked, they can result in the collective forgetting of inconvenient historical events and subject entire classes of people to abjection when their presence interferes with desired communal identities and sovereignty structures. This dissertation also includes an examination of oral traditions and hymnody because I argue they are as integral to the field of biblical studies as the study of written scriptures. This project is interdisciplinary and creates conversation partners with scholarship in translation studies, performance studies, memory studies, postcolonial studies, and Native studies. This project argues one cannot understand what is happening in processes of biblical translation outside of these interdisciplinary dialogues. Finally, the dissertation concludes that every biblical iii translation project has strong ethical considerations that cannot be fully appreciated outside a performative understanding of biblical translation. This work contends that biblical translation can create new communal identities through the tracing of lineal memories that can function both subversively and regressively based on changing contexts. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Intervention in Fields of Biblical Translation and Interpretation .............................................................. 6 Chapter Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 9 History of Christianity in the Cherokee Nation ...................................................................................... 11 Chapter Two: Translation as Performance ................................................................................... 28 Formal versus Dynamic Equivalence ..................................................................................................... 28 Formal Equivalence ............................................................................................................................ 28 Dynamic Equivalence ......................................................................................................................... 32 The Power/Culture Turn in Translation Studies ..................................................................................... 34 The Power Turn in Biblical Translation ................................................................................................. 41 Translation as Performance ..................................................................................................................... 47 Performance - Social Sciences ............................................................................................................ 48 Performance – Folklore ....................................................................................................................... 52 Performance – Linguistics .................................................................................................................. 55 Performance - Theater and Performance Studies ................................................................................ 61 Performance Theory and Biblical Rhetorical Criticism ...................................................................... 63 Chapter Three: Towards a Performative Theory of Biblical Translation ..................................... 66 Case Study – The Cherokee Bible .......................................................................................................... 79 Historical Context of Cherokee translators ......................................................................................... 86 Cherokee Translations of Biblical Texts ............................................................................................. 92 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 105 Chapter Four: Lineal Memories, Nostalgia and Performance in Hymnody ............................... 106 Flashbulb Memory Hypothesis ............................................................................................................. 111 Collective Memory ............................................................................................................................... 116 Historical Context of Cherokee Hymns ................................................................................................ 119 Analysis of Cherokee Hymns ............................................................................................................... 122 Lineal Memory and Performance ......................................................................................................... 151 v Chapter Five: Abjection and the Power of Memory–Translation and the Collective Forgetting of the Margins ................................................................................................................................. 154 Cherokee Freedmen .............................................................................................................................. 155 Collective Forgetting ............................................................................................................................ 164 Abjection ............................................................................................................................................... 177 Removal ................................................................................................................................................ 184 Religion ................................................................................................................................................. 186 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 195 Chapter Six: Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 199 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 206 vi Acknowledgements I have long believed that any scholarly work is the product not of any single individual, but of committed persons, communities, and organizations who share in a vision of exploring questions that can reshape previous conceptualizations and ideologies. This dissertation is a living testament to that. So first I would like to thank my dissertation committee for their graciousness in reading, commenting, critiquing, and challenging my work in hopes of sharpening its insights, and tightening the analysis (all within an acceptable page limit). And I want to especially thank my advisor, Elisabeth, for her unfailing faith that I would eventually finish this project despite all evidence to the contrary. Her persistence over the years enabled me to reach this point, and I can only say with the deepest gratitude, thank you for all your encouragement, and all your advice and support. You've been like a mom to me. For her continual open ear and willingness to help me work
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