DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cherokee Observer 2Rkg2rkg2rkg 2Huje2huje2huje "The Only Independent Cherokee Newspaper" Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cherokee Observer 2Rkg2rkg2rkg 2Huje2huje2huje The Cherokee Observer 2rkg2rkg2rkg 2hUje2hUje2hUje "The Only Independent Cherokee Newspaper" Vol. 15 No. 1 - January 2007 Copyright © 1992-2007 Worldwide Rights Reserved $.75 per Copy Serving the Cherokee People Since 1992 ANNIVERSARY ISSUE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS Ed. Note: This article shows how Chief Smith's Slate FEDERAL JUDGE SETS HEARING DATE council representatives have failed the Cherokee people. Speaker Frailey Attacks Reporter FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION RE- and Citizens’ Rights QUEST TO HALT MARCH 3 2007 SCHED- Slate Decides No Increase In Punishment Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation – request. The meeting was ULED CHEROKEE NATION ELECTION SET On Serious Crimes According to witnesses, a new specifically called by a majority UP BY TRIBAL LEADERS TO KICK OUT low was reached this month in of non-slate Councilors, to BLACK INDIAN TRIBAL MEMBERS The Cherokee Council failed by one vote to override, (9-6), Chief the struggle for the Cherokee discuss removing a question Chad Smith’s veto, of the Crimes Against Public Justice Act of 2006, people’s civil rights when placed on the General Election recently appointed Speaker of ballot by the Council On February 9, 2007, Federal reparations from the tribe or the during the Full Council meeting in May, which would have increased the Council and Chair of a concerning freedmen Judge Henry Kennedy set a hear- federal government. the possible penalties a judge could order as punishment on crimes special Rules Committee citizenship. ing date such as bribery, forgery, perjury, fraud, embezzlement and stealing to meeting, Meredith Swimmer pertaining to a preliminary injunc- The special election places a pro- political banishment whereby anyone found guilty or an accessory to Frailey, Mayes County, ordered At Large Councilor Taylor tion request by Cherokee freedmen posed constitutional amendment such crimes could not hold public office or be employed by the a reporter to stop filming the Keen, said, “Because a Special tribal members to halt the special before Cherokee voters which tribe. Ten votes are required for an over ride. proceedings at a public meeting Election is now officially Cherokee nation election. The would remove tribal membership and then after that same scheduled and a similar hearing is set for Wednesday Feb- from those whose membership is meeting allegedly accosted question will be voted on only ruary 21, 2007 at the US District derived solely from a ‘freedmen Linda O’Leary, of Delaware County, brought forth the Act which was another reporter. two days before the General Court, District of Columbia in tribal member who was enrolled by approved by the Full Council in April as good legislation. However Election begins, the Council’s Washington DC. The hearings will the Dawes Commission approxi- few vetoed Acts have been over ridden this term even though they During the meeting Frailey, question that was proposed begin at 3pm in Courtroom 27A. mately 100 years ago on a “Chero- may have been unanimously supported by Council as good legislation who is an attorney, sent an before any of this happened Attorneys for the freedmen tribal kee freedmen” section of the Dawes initially. order through Gail Miller, an now becomes redundant and is members will present oral argu- rolls. Although tribal leaders state employee of the Council, moot.” notifying Jenni Monet to cease ments as well as attorneys repre- that the amendment if passed will According to Principal Chief Smith, the act as written was too narrow Keen proposed removing the senting the Cherokee nation and give the tribe an “all Indian tribe” video taping the public meeting. in its overall goal. In addition, the act was open to vague interpretation Monet quietly complied. Council question as a matter of Principal Chief Chadwicke Smith. and state to the voters that no “In- of who was included in the definition of “department head.” Monet, an independent proper legislative house The tribe and the Principal Chief dians’ will be dis-enrolled, the pro- Within were added as defendants to the posed amendment does not remove Smith’s veto he questioned “Is stealing a crime in the lawsuit Vann et Al Versus citizenship from descendants of Cherokee Nation?” Kempthone ( filed to stop the US adopted whites – who were identi- Department of Interior from ap- fied as such and listed without proving a tribal constitutional blood quantums by the Dawes The nine Councilor members voting to raise the punishment amendment removing Federal Commission and placed on the on serious crimes were: Joe Crittenden of Adair County, oversight of new constitutions and Cherokee by blood roll and Dela- Johnny Keener of Mayes County, David Thornton of constitutional amendments in ware rolls, including some whose Sequoyah County, Bill John Baker and Audrey Connors, which freedmen citizens were not ancestors purchased tribal mem- of Tahlequah, Linda O’Leary and Melvina Shotpouch of allowed participation) after filing berships. motions with the court to dismiss Delaware County and Chuck Hoskins of Craig County. the lawsuit. The Freedmen tribal The proposed amendments makes members are descendants of no provision to retain tribal mem- The six who voted not to increase punishment to discourage former slaves of Cherokee Indians bership of those freedmen tribal and prevent serious crimes were: Jackie Bob Martin of or free mixed African- Indians members who can establish proof Adair County, Meredith Swimmer Frailey of Mayes County, whose tribal membership rights of Indian ancestry thru records Phyllis Yargee of Sequoyah County, Cara Cowen of Rogers are guaranteed by an 1866 treaty prepared by the Dawes Commis- with the US and Cherokee nation sion such as census cards or testi- County, Bill Johnson and Buel Anglen of Tulsa County. governments. Judge Kennedy on monies. Neither will the proposed December 19th 2006 refused to dis- constitutional amendment remove Frailey an attorney, who serves as Chair on the Rules miss the Freedmen lawsuit and al- the citizenship rights of adopted Councilor Meredith Swimmer Frailey, Speaker of the Council, Committee where all new law must originate, stated she Chairs the meeting called by a majority of Councilors after she lowed the plaintiffs to add the Prin- Delawares or Shawnee Indians didn’t understand the Act and voted against it. Since refused to schedule it to discuss the freedmen question. cipal chief and the tribe as defen- who have treaty rights to citizen- dants to the lawsuit based on the ship or of adopted Creeks, Natchez becoming Councilor in 2003 to represent Cherokees in reporter, has been filming at cleaning. Keen explained that freedmen tribal members treaty Indians, or Catabas (or adopted Mayes County, District 6, Frailey has voted straight down tribal events in an effort to the Cherokee Nation Supreme compile a documentary about Court has ruled that a petition rights and the US government 13th whites ) who have no treaty rights the line with the Chief s political slate. the Freedmen. circulated by former Deputy constitutional amendment. to Cherokee citizenships Chief John Ketcher had Keener, who also represents District 6, has voted consistently to A majority of Councilors have sufficient signatures to place an The removal of the freedmen tribal Marilyn Vann, lead plaintiff in the create better law and more accountability in the tribe however the authority to call a special identical question on a special members prior to the June 2007 Vann et al case and a descendant Frailey has voted opposite on almost every important issue. ballot now scheduled for March general elections for tribal officials of Cherokee Indian Catherine 3rd and also ruled that Chief is publicly supported by the Prin- Fields who came to Oklahoma dur- Keener, an elder full blood, said “It is as if Meredith is representing Chad Smith was within his cipal Chief and some members of ing the trail of Tears during the rights to call the Special the tribal council. The proposed 1830s states that “ She is quite dis- an entirely different group of people from somewhere else. When Election. special election was made possible mayed that the Cherokee nation she votes it is like there are two different worlds of Cherokees by the Principal Chief using pow- leaders would advocate going the within our District. But I have lived here long enough to know “The Council proposing the ers under a tribal constitution not way of other nationswho have re- that just isn’t true,” he said. same question on the 2007 recognized by the US government moved citizenship of long time citi- general election is in which the freedmen tribal mem- zens against their will such as the Some of Frailey’s voting record is: unnecessary,” Keen said. “The bers had no participation in its de- Nazi Germans who removed citi- Cherokee people exercised their sign or enactment. zenship of German Jews in 1935 constitutional rights and 1 . Voted against creating an Attorney General position that circulated a petition. They were and South Africa which removed would serve as an independent prosecutor within the tribe to be The injunction request stated that citizenship of Black South Africans the proper body to bring forth elected instead of being appointed by a Chief, irreparable harm would be done to in 1970. The Cherokee freedmen Jenni Monet is a TV journalist such a question,” he added. compiling a documentary movie on the plaintiffs if the election was al- have only asked that their treaty 2. Voted against Cherokee people having the right to call a Indian freedmen. Councilor Joe Crittenden, lowed to take place while the tribe rights be upheld by the US govern- Adair County, said, “For the Grand Jury to investigate improprieties within the Cherokee meeting. Frailey refused to would not suffer irreparable harm ment and the tribe. The Cherokee Council to propose such a Nation government.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Women's Center
    University of North Alabama Women’s Center April 2010 Sexual Assault Awareness Month (excerpted from womenshealth.gov) Sexual assault is defined as any type of sexual activity that you do not agree to. The assault can be verbal, visual, or anything that forces a person to join in unwanted sexual contact or attention. Rape is the most common form of sexual assault and in many situations is committed on a date by a friend or acquaintance. If you or someone you know has been sexually assaulted there are some steps you can take right away after the assault. If you plan to report the assault you should not wash, comb, or clean any part of your body and if possible do not change clothes. You should go to the nearest hospital if possible. If you are afraid of going alone call a friend or family member you trust or you can also call a crisis center or hotline. There are some steps you can take to lower your risk of assault. Some of these steps include: -Be aware of your surroundings. -Walk with confidence, it makes you appear -Be assertive and don't let anyone stronger. violate your space. -Lock doors and windows even if you are -Avoid walking or jogging alone leaving for just for a few minutes. especially at night. If you or someone you know has been assaulted and you want to speak to someone Rape Response offers crisis counseling as well as many other services. To receive counseling you do not have to be a new victim and it can even be an anonymous session over the phone.
    [Show full text]
  • United Keetoowah Band Motion for Leave and Amicus Brief
    Case: 18-11479 Document: 00514798684 Page: 1 Date Filed: 01/16/2019 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT No. 18-11479 CHAD EVERETT BRACKEEN; JENNIFER KAY BRACKEEN; STATE OF TEXAS; STATE OF INDIANA; STATE OF LOUISIANA; ALTAGRACIA SOCORRO HERNANDEZ; JASON CLIFFORD; FRANK NICHOLAS LIBRETTI; HEATHER LYNN LIBRETTI; DANIELLE CLIFFORD, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. DAVID BERNHARDT, in his official capacity as Acting Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior; TARA SWEENEY, in her official capacity as Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs; BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; ALEX AZAR, in his official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Defendants-Appellants, CHEROKEE NATION; ONEIDA NATION; QUINALT INDIAN NATION; MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS, Intervenor Defendants-Appellants. On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas No. 4:17-cv-00868-O (Hon. Reed O’Connor) MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF FOR AMICUS CURIAE UNITED KEETOOWAH BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS IN OKLAHOMA IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS Bryan N.B. King FELLERS, SNIDER, BLANKENSHIP, BAILEY & TIPPENS, P.C. 100 N. Broadway, Suite 1700 Oklahoma City, OK 73102 Telephone: (405) 232-0621 Facsimile: (405) 232-9559 Email: [email protected] Counsel for Amicus Curiae Case: 18-11479 Document: 00514798684 Page: 2 Date Filed: 01/16/2019 The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (“UKB”), a federally recognized Cherokee Indian tribe, moves the Court for leave to file a brief in support of Defendants-Appellants as amicus curiae.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Notes 4 of 14 Wilma Mankiller Reads to Young Students
    A Valhalla Entertainment and Red-Horse Native Productions documentary for Vision Maker Media with major funding by the Corporation of Public Broadcasting Directed and Produced by Valerie Red-Horse Mohl Executive Produced by Gale Anne Hurd Publicity: Educational Sales/ All Other Territories Valhalla Entertainment Distribution Valhalla Entertainment 3201 Cahuenga Boulevard Good Docs 3201 Cahuenga Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90068 Los Angeles, CA 90068 Sarah Feinbloom Lyndsey Miller [email protected] Julie Thomson [email protected] [email protected] (323) 850-3034 Home Sales (323) 850-3030 Vision Maker Media 1800 N 33rd St Red-Horse Native Productions Lincoln, NE 68503 Valerie Red-Horse Mohl Shirley Sneve [email protected] [email protected] (402) 472-3522 Not yet Rated, 74 min, Color © 2017 Red Horse Native Productions/Valhalla Entertainment About the Filmmakers Gale Anne Hurd Valerie Red-Horse Mohl MANKILLER Executive Producer MANKILLER Director/Producer Hurd’s career as a Producer was launched when A filmmaker of Cherokee ancestry, Red-Horse she produced and co-wrote THE TERMINATOR. Mohl’s body of work spans over three decades On location in San Francisco, the Mankiller Documentary crew interviews Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz. Pictured from left to right: Ms. Dunbar Ortiz, Hurd’s additional feature credits include the of film and television content creation and Valerie Red-Horse Mohl (Director/Producer), Tarin Anderson (Director of Photography), Robert Swanson (B-Camera Operator). Photo by Curt Mohl. Academy Award winning films
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report for the Full Scope Environmental Audit for the Clinch River Nuclear Early Site Permit Application
    January 11, 2018 MEMORANDUM TO: Joseph Colaccino, Chief Licensing Branch 3 Division of New Reactor Licensing Office of New Reactors FROM: Tamsen Dozier, Project Manager /RA/ Licensing Branch 3 Division of New Reactor Licensing Office of New Reactors SUBJECT: SUMMARY REPORT FOR THE FULL SCOPE ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT FOR THE CLINCH RIVER NUCLEAR EARLY SITE PERMIT APPLICATION By letter dated May 12, 2016, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) submitted an application to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for an early site permit (ESP) for the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. TVA’s ESP application included an Environmental Report (ER). TVA subsequently provided supplemental information in support of the application and the NRC staff accepted the application for docketing and detailed review on December 30, 2016. On April 13, 2017, the NRC issued a notice of intent to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) and to conduct scoping for TVA’s ESP application (82 FR 17885). In support of the NRC staff’s environmental review of TVA’s ESP application and development of the EIS, the NRC conducted an audit of data and information used to support the ER, as supplemented. The audit was conducted in two parts and the NRC environmental staff was joined by its contractor project team from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and by staff from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (jointly referred to as the review team). The face-to-face portion of the audit was held primarily at TVA offices in Knoxville, Tennessee from May 15-19, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Playing Political Games at the Olympics Cherokee Nation Vs
    A PUBLICATION OF THE NEW JERSEY STATE BAR FOUNDATION FALL 2008 • VOL.8, NO. 1 A NEWSLETTER ABOUT LAW AND DIVERSITY Playing Political Games at the Olympics by Cheryl Baisden The spectacle of the 2008 Summer Olympics, the violent Chinese response to recent demonstrations held in Beijing, China, is probably still fresh in in Tibet, a nation the Chinese have occupied since 1951. your mind. Who could forget Michael Phelps winning a record-setting eight gold medals Oppression in Tibet/Genocide in Darfur or the USA final medal count of 110? Essentially, the issue in Tibet is one of sovereignty. While the Olympics are a great demonstration of In other words, who has power over Tibet. The Chinese sportsmanship and camaraderie, bringing together government believes it maintains sovereignty over Tibet. athletes from more than 200 countries, they also provide Tibet maintains that it has always been an independent an international forum for political causes and issues. state. There have been many Tibetan uprisings against With the world watching, the Olympics have always Chinese rule over the past half century, most notably in been an opportunity to give a voice to global injustices. 1959 when Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, was When it comes to basic human rights — forced to flee his home. More >continued on page 2 for example, the right to a nationality, the right to own property and the right to voice an opinion — Americans have it Cherokee Nation vs. Freedmen: made. But although the United Nations Civil Rights or Sovereignty? adopted the Universal Declaration of by Phyllis Raybin Emert Human Rights, spelling out the rights In March 2007, members of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma deserved by all members of the human voted to remove more than 2,800 Freedmen from its tribal rolls.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 in the United States District Court for the Eastern
    6:06-cv-00251-FHS Document 65 Filed in ED/OK on 11/13/06 Page 1 of 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA LINDA HUGHES-O’LEARY, BILL JOHN ) BAKER, S. JOE CRITTENDEN, DAVID ) THORNTON SR., CHARLES HOSKIN, ) MELVINA SHOTPOUCH, JOHN F. KEENER, ) ON BEHALF OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) No. CIV-06-251-FHS ) CHAD SMITH, an individual; ) BENJAMIN L. DIXON, an individual; ) JAMES MAJEWSKI, an individual, ) ) Defendants. ) OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTIONS TO DISMISS On behalf of the Cherokee Nation, seven members of its Tribal Council have instituted this federal securities fraud action against Defendants Chad Smith (“Smith”), the Chief of the Cherokee Nation, James Majewski (“Majewski”), the Chief Executive Officer of Cherokee Nation Industries (“CNI”), and Benjamin L. Dixon (“Dixon”), the executive in charge of economic development for CNI. Plaintiffs, who constitute a minority of the Tribal Council, contend Defendants violated federal securities laws “in connection with the purchase by [Cherokee Nation’s] wholly owned corporation, [CNI], of 49,865,309 shares of common stock of Global Energy Group (GEG) from certain insiders of GEG.” First Amended Complaint, ¶ 1. Plaintiffs contend Defendants’ actions “caused CNI to grossly overpay to acquire control of GEG” and that such “‘overpayment’” was consideration for nothing of value and amounted to a bold diversion of funds from the treasury of the [Cherokee] Nation.” Id. at ¶ 8. Plaintiffs also invoke the Court’s supplemental jurisdiction and assert pendent state law claims against Defendants 1 6:06-cv-00251-FHS Document 65 Filed in ED/OK on 11/13/06 Page 2 of 6 for fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, mismanagement of corporate assets, and waste of corporate assets.1 Plaintiffs seek “judgment against the Defendants for all losses to the Nation” pursuant to the asserted claims for relief.
    [Show full text]
  • Wilma Mankiller Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation 1985-1995
    Wilma Mankiller Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation 1985-1995 Chapter 1 — 1:11 Introduction John Erling: Wilma Pearl Mankiller was the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. She served as Principal Chief for 10 years from 1985 to 1995. Before that she served as the first woman Deputy Chief of the Cherokee Nation. In this interview, you will hear Wilma talk about life events that motivated her to become active in Cherokee Tribal Affairs. The interview you are about to hear takes a wonderful glimpse into a meaningful and courageous woman’s life. It is exceptionally unique as it’s her story told in her own words. We encourage you to explore her work and become inspired by reading about her life and learning from this very accomplished woman. Please consult our “For Further Reading” Section. Voices of Oklahoma is honored to have captured Wilma Mankiller’s voice so that many generations from now others will be able to benefit from it. Chapter 2 — 2:12 Mankiller Flats John Erling: Today’s date is August 13th, 2009. Wilma Mankiller: My name is Wilma Mankiller. I’m 63. My date of birth is November 18, 1945. JE: And where are we recording this? WM: We’re recording it at the Cherokee Nation Headquarters in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. JE: Tell us where you were born. WM: I was born at Hastings Indian Hospital in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. JE: In 1945. WM: In 1945. JE: Right. You were raised at Mankiller Flats. WILMa MANKILLER 2 WM: Right. JE: Tell us about Mankiller Flats.
    [Show full text]
  • Oklahoma City Area Federal / Tribal / Urban Indian Health System 2014
    Oklahoma City Area Federal / Tribal / Urban Indian Health System 2014 Directory IHS - Oklahoma City Area - Directory FEDERAL HEALTH FACILITIES Anadarko Health Center Carnegie Health Center Terry Hunter, Facility Unit Director Linda Bailey , Facility Director P.O. Box 828 P.O. Box 1120 Anadarko, OK 73005 Carnegie, OK 73015 405-247-2458 | [email protected] 580-654-1100 | [email protected] 405-247-6653 (f) 580-654-2533 (f) Claremore Indian Hospital Clinton Health Center George Valliere, CEO CAPT Carmen Clelland, CEO 101 South Moore Avenue Route 1, Box 3060 Claremore, OK 74017 Clinton, OK 73601-9303 918-342-6200 | [email protected] 580-323-2884 | [email protected] 918-342-6436 (f) 580-323-2579 (f) El Reno Health Center Haskell Indian Health Center LCDR Kelly Factor, Facility Unit Director Sharon Dawes, CEO 1631A E. Highway 66 2415 Massachusetts Street El Reno, OK 73036 Lawrence, KS 66046-4804 405-262-7631 | [email protected] 785-843-3750 | [email protected] 405-262-8099 (f) 785-843-8815 (f) Lawton Indian Hospital Pawhuska Health Center CAPT Greg Ketcher, CEO April Gothard, Facility Unit Director 1515 Lawrie Tatum Road 715 Grandview Lawton, OK 73501 Pawhuska, OK 74056 580-353-5000 | [email protected] 918-287-4491 | [email protected] 580-354-5105 (f) 918-287-2347 (f) Pawnee Health Center Watonga Health Center Travis Scott, CEO LCDR Kelly Factor, Facility Unit Director 1201 Heritage Circle Rt. 1, Box 34-A Pawnee, OK 74058 Watonga, OK 73772 918-762-2517 | [email protected] 580-623-4991 | [email protected] 918-762-2729 (f) 580-623-5490 (f) Wewoka Health Center White Cloud Indian Health Station Millie Blackmon, CEO Ben Cloud, Facility Unit Director P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Names
    GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING 50 000 F.Kr 30 000 F
    För att söka uppgifter, gå till programmets sökfunktion (högerklicka var som helst på sidan så kommer det upp en valtabell TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING där kommandot "Sök (enkel)" finns. Klicka där och det kommer upp ett litet ifyllningsfält uppe i högra hörnet. Där kan ni skriva in det ord ni söker efter och klicka sedan på någon av de triangelformade pilsymbolerna. Då söker programmet tidpunkt för senaste uppdatering 28 Juli 2020 (sök i kolumn "infört dat ") närmaste träff på det sökta ordet, vilket då markeras med ett blått fält. tidsper datum mån dag händelse länkar för mera information (rapportera ref. infört dat länkar som inte fungerar) 50 000 50000 f. Kr De allra tidigaste invandrarna korsar landbryggan där Berings Sund nu ligger och vandrar in på den Nordamerikanska http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in 1 _the_United_States f.Kr kontinenten troligen redan under tidigare perioder då inlandsisen drog sig tillbaka. Kanske redan så tidigt som för 50’000 år sedan. Men det här finns inga bevis för.Under den senaste nedisningen, som pågick under tiden mellan 26’000 år sedan och fram till för 13’300 år sedan, var så stora delar av den Nordamerikanska kontinenten täckt av is, att någon mera omfattande människoinvandring knappast har kunnat ske. Den allra senaste invandringen beräknas ha skett så sent som ett par tusen år före Kristi Födelse. De sista människogrupper som då invandrade utgör de vi numera kallar Inuiter (Eskimåer). Eftersom havet då hade stigit över den tidigare landbryggan, måste denna sena invandring antingen ha skett med någon form av båt/kanot, eller så har det vintertid funnits tillräckligt med is för att människorna har kunnat ta sig över.
    [Show full text]
  • Chief Bill John Baker Council Speaker Tina Glory-Jordan Attorney General Todd Hembree Cherokee Tribe Via E-Mail Message May 28
    Chief Bill John Baker 1101 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1100 Arlington, Va. 22209-2211 Council Speaker Tina Glory-Jordan (703) 807-2100 Attorney General Todd Hembree www.rcfp.org Cherokee Tribe Bruce D. Brown Executive Director [email protected] (703) 807-2101 Via e-mail message STEERING COMMITTEE SCOTT APPLEWHITE The Associated Press WOLF BLITZER May 28, 2014 CNN DAVID BOARDMAN Temple University CHIP BOK Creators Syndicate Re: Proposed changes to the Cherokee Freedom of Information Act JAN CRAWFORD CBS News MICHAEL DUFFY Time Dear Chief Baker, Councilwoman Glory-Jordan and Attorney General RICHARD S. DUNHAM Tsinghua University, Beijing Hembree: ASHLEA EBELING Forbes Magazine SUSAN GOLDBERG As an organization committed to protecting the rights of journalists and National Geographic members of the public to fully understand their government, we write to FRED GRAHAM Founding Member express our concern with the proposed changes to the Cherokee Nation’s JOHN C. HENRY Freelance freedom of information law and our full support for the May 15, 2014, NAT HENTOFF statement of the Cherokee Phoenix editorial board. United Media Newspaper Syndicate JEFF LEEN The Washington Post The Cherokee Nation has been a leader among Native American tribes in DAHLIA LITHWICK Slate recognizing the importance of a free and independent press. One of the TONY MAURO National Law Journal biggest steps toward that goal was the passage of the Freedom of Information JANE MAYER and Rights of Privacy Act, in 2001. That law made the Cherokees the first The New Yorker DAVID McCUMBER tribe to have a freedom of information law, and acknowledged “that it is vital Hearst Newspapers in a democratic society that public business be performed in an open and JOHN McKINNON The Wall Street Journal public manner.” Such a positive step toward transparency and open DOYLE MCMANUS Los Angeles Times government should not be undone or undercut.
    [Show full text]
  • These Hills, This Trail: Cherokee Outdoor Historical Drama and The
    THESE HILLS, THIS TRAIL: CHEROKEE OUTDOOR HISTORICAL DRAMA AND THE POWER OF CHANGE/CHANGE OF POWER by CHARLES ADRON FARRIS III (Under the Direction of Marla Carlson and Jace Weaver) ABSTRACT This dissertation compares the historical development of the Cherokee Historical Association’s (CHA) Unto These Hills (1950) in Cherokee, North Carolina, and the Cherokee Heritage Center’s (CHC) The Trail of Tears (1968) in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Unto These Hills and The Trail of Tears were originally commissioned to commemorate the survivability of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) and the Cherokee Nation (CN) in light of nineteenth- century Euramerican acts of deracination and transculturation. Kermit Hunter, a white southern American playwright, wrote both dramas to attract tourists to the locations of two of America’s greatest events. Hunter’s scripts are littered, however, with misleading historical narratives that tend to indulge Euramerican jingoistic sympathies rather than commemorate the Cherokees’ survivability. It wasn’t until 2006/1995 that the CHA in North Carolina and the CHC in Oklahoma proactively shelved Hunter’s dramas, replacing them with historically “accurate” and culturally sensitive versions. Since the initial shelving of Hunter’s scripts, Unto These Hills and The Trail of Tears have undergone substantial changes, almost on a yearly basis. Artists have worked to correct the romanticized notions of Cherokee-Euramerican history in the dramas, replacing problematic information with more accurate and culturally specific material. Such modification has been and continues to be a tricky endeavor: the process of improvement has triggered mixed reviews from touristic audiences and from within Cherokee communities themselves.
    [Show full text]