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TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING 50 000 F.Kr 30 000 F För att söka uppgifter, gå till programmets sökfunktion (högerklicka var som helst på sidan så kommer det upp en valtabell TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING där kommandot "Sök (enkel)" finns. Klicka där och det kommer upp ett litet ifyllningsfält uppe i högra hörnet. Där kan ni skriva in det ord ni söker efter och klicka sedan på någon av de triangelformade pilsymbolerna. Då söker programmet tidpunkt för senaste uppdatering 28 Juli 2020 (sök i kolumn "infört dat ") närmaste träff på det sökta ordet, vilket då markeras med ett blått fält. tidsper datum mån dag händelse länkar för mera information (rapportera ref. infört dat länkar som inte fungerar) 50 000 50000 f. Kr De allra tidigaste invandrarna korsar landbryggan där Berings Sund nu ligger och vandrar in på den Nordamerikanska http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in 1 _the_United_States f.Kr kontinenten troligen redan under tidigare perioder då inlandsisen drog sig tillbaka. Kanske redan så tidigt som för 50’000 år sedan. Men det här finns inga bevis för.Under den senaste nedisningen, som pågick under tiden mellan 26’000 år sedan och fram till för 13’300 år sedan, var så stora delar av den Nordamerikanska kontinenten täckt av is, att någon mera omfattande människoinvandring knappast har kunnat ske. Den allra senaste invandringen beräknas ha skett så sent som ett par tusen år före Kristi Födelse. De sista människogrupper som då invandrade utgör de vi numera kallar Inuiter (Eskimåer). Eftersom havet då hade stigit över den tidigare landbryggan, måste denna sena invandring antingen ha skett med någon form av båt/kanot, eller så har det vintertid funnits tillräckligt med is för att människorna har kunnat ta sig över. 30 000 30000 f. Kr Nyligen har forskare dock antytt att människor, tillhörande en kultur som kallats Sandia, kan ha levt i Sydvästern redan 1 f. Kr för mera än 30’000 år sedan. Man har hittat spår som tyder på det i en grotta i Sandiabergen, strax öster om staden Albuquerque, i New Mexico. En grotta som upptäcktes redan 1935, men där man först nu har kommit så långt ner i marklagren att man har hittat rester av vad man menar är mänskligt liv. Det är rester i form av stenföremål, kol från lägereldar och benrester av djur. Om det här är sannt, så måste alltså dessa människor ha kommit till kontinenten före den senaste nedisningen och funnit tillräckliga överlevnadsmöjligheter nere i Sydvästern. 25 000 25000 f. Kr Geologiska fynd har tolkats som bevis för att en mänsklig lägerplats har funnits vid den här tiden på en plats i Colorado. 1 f. Kr 11 000 11000 f. Kr Den så kallade Cloviskulturen anses ha uppkommit vid den här tiden i nuvarande New Mexico. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_culture 1 f. Kr 10 000 10000 f. Kr Utmejslade vapenspetsar av sten som upphittats vid Clovis, New Mexico, har varit använda i jakten på istidsdjur. Deras 1 f. Kr ålder har uppskattats till denna tid. 9 000 f. 9000 f. Kr Plano-kulturen utvecklas på de centrala prärierna. Den pågår till 6 000 f.Kr. http://www.learnersportal.com/CanadaFP/Ancien 1 t/per1.html Kr 9000 f. Kr Äldre Cordillera-kultur uppstår på Columbiaplatån (nuvarande staterna Washington, Oregon och Idaho). Samtidigt finner 1 vi spår efter tidiga ökenkulturer i Sydvästern och Mexiko. 8 000 f. 8000 f. Kr Den så kallade Folsom-kulturen är etablerad på de centrala slätterna. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folsom_tradition 1 Kr 8000 f. Kr Landbryggan mellan Asien och Amerika översvämmas, när havsnivån höjs i takt med att inlandsisarna smälter. 1 4 000 f. 4000 f. Kr I takt med att de stora istidsdjuren dör ut skapas en ny, kombinerad jakt/samlarkultur på slätterna. 1 Kr 1 300 f. 1300 f. Kr Kulturer som anses vara de moderna pueblofolkens föregångar etablerade sig i Sydvästern http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloan 1 Kr 1 000 f. 1000 f. Kr Högbyggarna / Moundbuilders; Adena-kulturen uppkommer i Ohiodalen och andra östliga delar av USA. Pågick till http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adena_culture 1 Kr omkring år 200 500 f. 500 f. Kr Anasazi -kulturen uppkommer i Sydvästern. Den utmärks av avacerad korgflätningsteknik, enkelt jordbruk och http://www.crystalinks.com/anasazi.html 1 Kr konstruktion av de första bostäderna av adobe-lera helt ovan mark. Kulturen fortlevde ända till slutet av 1200-talet, då bosättningarna övergavs och människorna flyttade. Forskarna är fortfarande oense om till vilken tid man ska datera den här kulturens uppkomst. 200 f. 200 f. Kr Högbyggarna / Moundbuilders; Hopewell-traditionen (ibland felaktigt kallad ”kulturen”) uppkommer längs de stora http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_tradition 1 Kr flodstråken i de nordöstra delarna av USA och i Mellanvästern. Pågick till omkring år 500 100 f. 100 f. Kr Hohokam-kulturen uppkommer i Sydvästern. Pågick till omkring år 1500. (Forskarna är inte överens om dessa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohokam 1 Kr tidsramar). 100 f. Kr Pataya-kulturen uppkommer i Sydvästern. Pågick till omkring år 1500. (Forskarna är inte överens om dessa tidsramar). 1 150 0150-00-00 Jordbruk utvecklas bland Mogollon-folk i Sydvästern. Tillgången till stabilare födotillgång leder också till utvecklingen av 1 permanent boende i form av så kallade ”pit-houses” - grophus. Här levde ett flertal familjer tillsammans i små byar. (Forskarna är inte överens om dessa tidsramar). 0150-00-00 Mogollon-kulturen uppstår i Sydvästern. Pågick till omkring år 1450. (Forskarna är inte överens om dessa tidsramar). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogollon_culture 1 200 0200-00-00 Fremont-kulturen uppstår i områden som idag är Utah, Nevada, Idaho och Colorado. På grottväggar i området har de http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremont_culture 1 efterlämnat etsningar av djur och människor. Kulturen varade till omkring år 1350. 300 0300-00-00 Anazasifolk befolkade Canyon de Chelly och Canyon del Muerto i nordöstra Arizona under den här tiden. Kulturen fortlevde http://www.experiencehopi.com/chelly.html 1 i de här områdena fram till omkring år 1300. 500 0500-00-00 Den nordliga kaliforniska Emeryville Shellmound, CA-Ala 309, dateras till den här tiden. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeryville_Shellmou 1 nd 0500-00-00 Obsidian, koppar, pärlor och andra material funna i begravningshögar från Hopewell-kulturen, i Ohio-dalen, utgör bevis 1 att på en omfattande transkontinental handel redan etablerats. 0500-00-00 Sinagua-kulturen uppstår. Pågår till omkring år 1225. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinagua 1 För att söka uppgifter, gå till programmets sökfunktion (högerklicka var som helst på sidan så kommer det upp en valtabell TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING där kommandot "Sök (enkel)" finns. Klicka där och det kommer upp ett litet ifyllningsfält uppe i högra hörnet. Där kan ni skriva in det ord ni söker efter och klicka sedan på någon av de triangelformade pilsymbolerna. Då söker programmet tidpunkt för senaste uppdatering 28 Juli 2020 (sök i kolumn "infört dat ") närmaste träff på det sökta ordet, vilket då markeras med ett blått fält. 0500-00-00 Upptäckter, som framlagts år 2005, antyder att folk från Polynesien kan ha besökt Kalifornien under den här perioden och 1 då överfört sin kanotbyggarteknik till lokala Chumash och Gabrielino indianer. Man menar att perioden kan ha sträckt sig fram till omkring år 700. 600 0600-00-00 Pueblofolk bygger och bebor det välkända Cliff Palace i Mesa Verde, Colorado. Bebyggelsen övergavs under tiden mellan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Palace 1 åren 1275 till 1300. 0600-00-00 The Mississippian people, the largest pre-Columbian culture north of Mexico, built the earthen city of Cahokia about this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahokia time. The site, discovered in southwestern Illinois, probably served as a religious center and may have had a population of up to 80,000. The Mississippians arose around 600 - 800 AD and remained a powerful influence until about the time of the first European explorers. The loose-knit theocracy held sway over much of present-day Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio and, not surprisingly, Mississippi. They also had settlements extending sporadically into the upper Midwest and across the western plains. The largest of the earthen mounds at Cahokia, called Monks Mound, is 700 feet wide, 100 feet tall and 1000 feet long--representing a colossal public works program and a government stable enough to order the construction. 700 0700-00-00 Högbyggarna / Temple-Moundbuilders; Mississippi-kulturen uppkommer i Mississippidalen. Kulturen fortlevde under en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippian_culture 1 tusenårsperiod fram till omkring år 1700. 750 0750-00-00 Native peoples in southwest Colorado started building stone houses above ground, first one-story, then two. Ruins of these are scattered over the landscape and have the look of ones the Pueblo Indians-Hopi, Zuni and others of the Southwest live in today. They added beans, an important source of protein, to their diets, and began making simple grayware pots. They had bows and arrows. 828 0828-00-00 Pueblo Bonito, Chaco-kulturens största fasta bosättning byggs och befolkas. Bebyggelsen övergavs sedan omkring år http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito 1 1126. 985 0985-00-00 Vikingar landstiger på Labradorhalvön och träffar på folk som de kallar för ”Skrälingar”. Ett gammalnordiskt, isländskt Länk till Newfoundland och stammen Beotuk 1 uttryck för ”barbarer”. Platsen är Newfoundland och indianerna tillhör stammen Beotuk. En stam som numera är borta. 1000 1000-00-00 Anasazi-folken bygger klipphusboningar och stora flerfamiljskomplex på upp till 1,000 rum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaco_Culture_Natio 1 nal_Historical_Park 1000-00-00 Det som skulle komma att bli den stora Cahokia-bosättningen i södra Illinois kan nu ha omfattat så många som 30,000 1 innevånare. 1000-00-00 Hopi och Acoma Pueblos anläggs i Sydvästern.
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