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PASCHAL DATES & FAST RULES 95 DATES OF PASCHA, 2003-2025 FASTING & FAST RULES Year Year Civil Church he fast rules of the Orthodox Christian tradition are approached by pious Orthodox people with feelings of great respect. The fasts embody of the of Our Date of Date of T the teachings of our great Saints, and in the working out of our salvation, they World Lord Pascha Pascha point out a sure path trodden before us by countless generations of faithful Anno Anno Grego- Julian Christians before us. But we must remember that fasting is not a law but a Mundi Domini rian Date Date spiritual tool the Lord has given us for cultivating our hearts. Fasting must be observed wisely, and some people should not fast (e.g., women in late stages of 7511 2003 27 April 14 April a pregnancy; people with certain illnesses). If you can’t keep the fullness of the 7512 2004 11 April 29 April fasts, ask your father confessor for advice on how to proceed. 7513 2005 1 May 18 April Why do we fast? To obtain control over our passions (sinful tendencies), 7514 2006 23 April 10 April to honour the Lord (Who taught us to fast in the New Testament as well as in 7515 2007 8 April 26 March the Old), and, in sum, to cut back our carnal nature so as to nurture our 7516 2008 27 April 14 April spiritual nature. Those who are observing the fasting rules must beware not to 7517 2009 19 April 6 April judge the plate of their neighbour, since fasting with a judgmental spirit hurts 7518 2010 4 April 22 March instead of helps our spiritual life. In all things, let our soul remain contrite 7519 2011 24 April 11 April and humble before God. 7520 2012 15 April 2 April EASTERN RITE 7521 2013 5 May 22 April The basic fast is not to eat any meat or meat products, fish, olive 7522 2014 20 April 7 April oil, wine, cheese, or dairy products. However, this regime is varied to 7523 2015 12 April 30 March allow at times for olive oil and wine, marked “Fast, OW” in this 7524 2016 1 May 18 April calendar, and on some occasions to allow for these and also for fish, 7525 2017 16 April 3 April marked as “Fast, FOW.”.. Our annotations follow the practice outlined by 7526 2018 8 April 26 March Fr. Michael Henning, “Food for Paradise,” and “On Fasting,” #2 of Sts. 7527 2019 28 April 15 April Cyril and Methody Society Educational Series, Synaxis Press, Canada. 7528 2020 19 April 6 April They are from the Rudder or Pedalion, the book of canons of the Orthodox Church. 7529 2021 2 May 17 April Discrepancies between this practice and the Russian Typicon are 7530 2022 24 April 11 April noted in the calendar. Also, it is common to allow oil and wine throughout 7531 2023 16 April 3 April the year on feasts with a sung doxology or polyeleos, and there is variability 7532 2024 5 May 22 April from church to local church about which feasts are classed in this rank. 7533 2025 20 April 5 April 8508 3000 20 April WESTERN RITE To fast means to eat no food until 3 p.m. To abstain means to eat no animal products nor anything made from them—no beef, pork, G O HGO HGO H chicken, eggs, milk, cheese, or butter. In common usage, fish is permitted, however. Fasting starts on the morning of the fast day and lasts until 3 ORTHODOX PASCHA p.m. that day. Until 3 p.m. no food at all is taken, and after 3 p.m. only one meal is taken. Abstinence means that, beginning the eve of the fast ascha (Easter Day), on which nearly all feasts of Our Lord day (“eve” is interpreted as 6 p.m., or as nightfall, or as “after Vespers”) P and Sundays depend, is the first Sunday after the there is abstaining from meat and dairy (see above) until the next “eve” ecclesiastical full moon which happens upon or next after March arrives. For example, for a Sunday with abstinence, no meat or dairy is 21; and if the full moon happen upon a Sunday, Pascha is the taken after 6 p.m. Saturday evening, but meat and dairy may be eaten Sunday after. The same rule is used in the Roman Church, but after 6 p.m. on the Sunday itself. Fast days are every Wed. and Fri. in the Pascha does not usually coincide in the Orthodox Church with the year (except Wed. and Fri. during Chrismastide and Paschaltide, the two feast kept in the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, since fast-free seasons); every weekday (Mon.-Fri.) of Lent; Holy Saturday; Vigils March 21 on the civil calendar (called “New Style,” N.S.) occurs of certain Feasts, as marked in the calendar; every Mon. in the Apostles’ 13 days before March 21 according to the traditional Orthodox and Nativity fasts; & every weekday from Dec. 13 to Nativity. If a great Christian calendar (called the “Old Style” or O.S. date). Feast falls on a fast day, we abstain rather than fast. In Lent, though, we Holy Orthodoxy observes the rule laid down by the Council do fast even on feast days except that Annunciation is always an abstinence of Nicæa (A.D. 325), that the Christian Pascha shall never either day). Abstinence days are all fast days, without exception; every day of precede or coincide with the Jewish Passover, but must follow it. every week from Ash Wed. until dawn on the morning of Pascha; and every Pascha cannot fall earlier than 22 March, Old Style, nor later than day of every week in the Apostles’ & Nativity fasts. There are two fast-free 25 April, Old Style. The majority of the world’s Orthodox Christians seasons in the year: Christmastide (Nativity to Theophany inclusive) and use the old Julian Calendar, which (until the 22nd century) will Paschaltide (Pascha to Trinity Sunday, inclusive). We do not fast during continue to occur 13 days after the Gregorian (civil) Calendar. these seasons, though abstinence days can occur in these seasons. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SAINTS’ NAMES ANATOMY OF AN INDEX ENTRY Name—Saint’s name, Peter, k, Jan. 30e.... 10 Page Number usually its English form Class—e.g., k for king, m for martyr, etc. Date—feast day on the Julian calendar (Julian date appears in the calendar body in parentheses—then e for Eastern side or w for Western INDEX HINTS ¨ Think cognates—if you can’t find Febadius, look under Phoebadius. • For Icons (e.g., ‘Kazan’ icon), see the Icon Index on pg. 121. For Aethelwald, see Ethelwold. For Nikita, Nicetas, and so forth. • Additional index abbreviations include: archim (archimandrite), d • For non-Saint Feasts (e.g., Nativity of Christ) or major Feasts of the (deacon), h (hermit or hermitess), k (king/emperor), mk (monk), n Mother of God (e.g., Dormition) see the Feasts 2003 Index pg. 122. (nun), O.T. (Old Testament), p (priest), q (queen/empress), w (widow). Index Includes Abibas, m, Jan. 29e ..................... 11 Abundius, m, July 30e ............... 56 Acindin, m, Nov. 2w ................... 82 Adria, m, Dec. 2w ........................ 90 Agamund, mk, m, Apr. 9w ........ 27 Index Includes Abibas, m, Mar. 13e .................... 21 Abundius, p, m, July 11w ......... 51 Acindynus, m, Apr. 18e ............. 29 Adrian, ab, Aug. 26e ................... 63 Aganus, ab, Feb. 16w ................. 15 14,687 Listings Abibas, m, Mar. 26e .................... 24 Abundius, p, m, June 8w ........... 42 Acindynus, m, Aug. 22e ............ 62 Adrian, ab, Jan. 9w ....................... 6 Agape, m, Aug. 5w ...................... 57 Abibas, m, Mar. 28e .................... 25 Abundius, p, m, Sep. 16w ......... 69 Acindynus, m, Nov. 2e ............... 82 Adrian, ab, May 17e .................... 37 Agape, m, Jan. 25w ..................... 10 Abibas, m, Sep. 6e ....................... 66 Acacius, b, Apr. 17e .................... 29 Acisclus, m, Nov. 17w ................ 86 Adrian, ab, May 5e ...................... 34 Agape, v, Aug. 8w ....................... 58 Abibas, r, Aug. 2e ........................ 57 Acacius, b, Apr. 9w ..................... 27 Acoluthus, m, May 19e .............. 37 Adrian, Aug. 26e .......................... 63 Agape, v, m, Apr. 16e ................. 29 A Abibo, m, Nov. 20w ..................... 87 Acacius, b, c, Mar. 31e ............... 25 Acolythus, m, May 14e .............. 36 Adrian, b, m, Mar. 4w ................ 19 Agape, v, m, Apr. 3w .................. 26 Abibus, b, m, Nov. 29e .............. 89 Acacius, b, Mar. 31w .................. 25 Actinea, v, m, June 16w ............ 44 Adrian, h, Apr. 1w ....................... 26 Agape, v, m, Dec. 28e .................. 3 Aaron, h, June 22w ..................... 46 Abibus, m, Dec. 2e ...................... 90 Acacius, b, Sep. 15e .................... 69 Acutius, m, Apr. 21e ................... 30 Adrian, h, Jan. 24w ................ 9-10 Agape, v, m, Dec. 28w ................. 3 Aaron, m, July 1w ........................ 48 Abibus, m, Dec. 9w ..................... 92 Acacius, July 7e ............................ 50 Acutius, m, Sep. 19e ................... 70 Adrian, h, May 30w ..................... 40 Agape, v, m, Feb. 15w ............... 15 Aaron, O.T., July 1w .................... 48 Abibus, m, Nov. 15e ................... 85 Acacius, m, July 21e ................... 54 Acutius, m, Sep. 19w .................. 70 Adrian, m, Apr. 17e ..................... 29 Agapion, m, Nov. 22e ................. 87 Aaron, r, July 20e ......................... 53 Abibus, May 7e ............................. 34 Acacius, m, July 28e ................... 55 Acyllinus, m, July 17w ............... 53 Adrian, m, Aug. 26e .................... 63 Agapitus, ab, May 21e ............... 38 Aaron, r, Mar. 12e ....................... 21 Abilias, b, Feb. 22w .................... 17 Acacius, m, July 28w .................. 55 Acyndinus, m, Nov. 19e ...... 86-87 Adrian, m, Aug. 26w ................... 63 Agapitus, b, Apr. 22w ................ 30 Abacuc, m, Aug. 6e ..................... 58 Abilius, patr, Feb. 22e ............... 17 Acacius, m, June 22w ................. 46 Ada, abs, Dec. 4w ........................ 91 Adrian, m, Feb. 3e ....................... 12 Agapitus, b, m, Feb. 18e ........... 16 Abacuc—see Habacuc Abimus, m, Aug.
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    SHORT ARTICLES AND NOTES A HOARD OF IRON AGE COINS FROM NEAR WOODBRIDGE, SUFFOLK PHILIP DE JERSEY AND JOHN NEWMAN In December 1996 an Iron Age gold stater was discovered apparently have no association with the hoard: an unin- during metal detecting in a field in the Deben valley, near scribed north Thames bronze unit (CCI 96.2891), a bronze Woodbridge in Suffolk. Further intensive searches of the unit of Cunobelin (VA 2107, CCI 96.2964), a worn silver site over the next two years recovered a total of eighteen unit of Addedomaros (CCI 97.1407), and a fragment of a coins. In 1999 mechanical scraping of the topsoil to Corieltauvian silver unit (CCI 98.2060). expose the subsoil was combined with an intensive metal Details of the eighteen Iron Age coins (PI. 25) forming detector search but this failed to recover any more coins all or part of the hoard are presented in the accompanying or locate a concentrated source. This indicates that agri- table. The composition of the hoard bears a significant cultural disturbance has scattered the complete hoard, and degree of resemblance to the Clacton, Essex (1898) that the vast majority of the deposit has now been recov- deposit. Apart from the 'new' type of quarter stater (BMC ered. 192), which did not occur in the Clacton hoard, all the The hoard, which consists primarily of the coins dies of the British coins amongst this group are repre- known as British G, or Clacton staters and quarter staters, sented in the older hoard. The dies for the four coins of was probably deposited during the later stages of the BMC 192 type are also duplicated outside the hoard.
  • The Roman Martyrology

    The Roman Martyrology

    The Roman Martyrology By the Catholic Church Originally published 10/2018; Current version 5/2021 Mary’s Little Remnant 302 East Joffre St. Truth or Consequences, NM 87901-2878 Website: www.JohnTheBaptist.us (Send for a free catalog) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Sixteenth Day of the Second Month ............. 23 LITURGICAL DIRECTIONS AND NOTES ......................... 7 The Seventeenth Day of the Second Month ........ 23 FIRST MONTH ............................................................ 9 The Eighteenth Day of the Second Month .......... 24 The Nineteenth Day of the Second Month ......... 24 The First Day of the First Month ........................... 9 The Twentieth Day of the Second Month ........... 24 The Second Day of the First Month ...................... 9 The Twenty-First Day of the Second Month ....... 24 The Third Day of the First Month ......................... 9 The Twenty-Second Day of the Second Month ... 25 The Fourth Day of the First Month..................... 10 The Twenty-Third Day of the Second Month ...... 25 The Fifth Day of the First Month ........................ 10 The Twenty-Fourth Day of the Second Month ... 25 The Sixth Day of the First Month ....................... 10 The Twenty-Fifth Day of the Second Month ....... 26 The Seventh Day of the First Month .................. 10 The Twenty-Sixth Day of the Second Month ...... 26 The Eighth Day of the First Month ..................... 10 The Twenty-Seventh Day of the Second Month . 26 The Ninth Day of the First Month ...................... 11 The Twenty-Eighth Day of the Second Month .... 27 The Tenth Day of the First Month ...................... 11 The Eleventh Day of the First Month ................. 11 THIRD MONTH ......................................................... 29 The Twelfth Day of the First Month ..................