Transformative Disarmament: Crafting a Roadmap for Peace
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Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1929; repr. 1993), 49–50. 2. Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 21–22, provides a list of feudal words and phrases in use by the British during the war; Stefan Goebel, The Great War and Medieval Memory: War, Remembrance and Medievalism in Britain and Germany, 1914–1940 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), compares medievalism in Great Britain and Germany. 3. Kenneth S. Zagacki, “Rhetoric, Redemption, and Reconciliation: a Study of Twentieth Century Postwar Rhetoric,” PhD diss. (University of Texas at Austin, 1986), 5. 4. I am using Cynthia Enloe’s definition of patriarchy in her book The Curious Feminist: Searching for Women in a New Age of Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 4–6. 5. “AHR Conversation: On Transnational History,” American Historical Review 111, no. 5 (December 2006): 1441–64; Vera Mackie, “Review of Rumi Yasutake Transnational Women’s Activism: The United States, Japan, and Japanese Immigrant Communities in California, 1859–1920,” in Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600–2000 9, no. 3 (September 2005), http:// www.binghamton.edu/womhist/reviewmackie.htm (accessed July 18, 2007). 6. David M. Kennedy, Over Here: The First World War and American Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 229; Susanne Rouette, Sozialpolitik als Geschlechterpolitik: Die Regulierung der Frauenarbeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg (Frankfurt: Campus, 1993), 7–8; Jeffrey S. Reznick offers the same argument about Britain in Healing the Nation: Soldiers and the Culture of Care-giving in 179 180 Notes Britain During the Great War (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004), 9; Henry F. -
Congressional Record-House. Maroh 26
3312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAROH 26, PROMOTION IN THE NA VY. Mr. SIMS. Before the motion is put, I want to make a parlia mentary inquiry. Is not the unfinished business on the Calendar Lieut. Commander Edward B. Barry, to be a commander in the this morning the pension bills reported from the Committee of Navy, from the 9th day of March, 1900, vice Commander Wash the Whole on Fiiday last, with the previous question ordered burn Maynard, promoted. thereon? The SPEAKER. That is the unfinished business. WlTHDRAW ALS. Mr. SIMS. I demand the regular order. Mr. HULL. I think my motion is in order always anQ. is a Executive nominations utithdmum Ma1·ch 26, 1900. privileged question. THIRTY-SEVENTII ~FANTRY. The SPE~KER. The Chair is of the opinion that the demand Lieut. Col. Thomas R. Hamer, to be colonel. for the regular order calls up the unfinished business, which is Maj. Charles T. Boyd, to be lieutenant-colonel. the consideration of the pension bills reported from the Commit Capt. Benjamin M. Koehler, to be major. tee of the Whole on Friday last, upon which the previous question First Lieut. Cha1·les H. Sleeper, to be captain. was ordered upon all of the bills and the amendments to their Second Lieut. Alvin K. Baskette, to be first lieutenant. passage. The Clerk will report the first bill. HOUSE BILLS WITH .AME!TDMENTS PASSED. CONFIRMATION. On the following House bills, reported from the Committee of the Whole with amendments, the amendments were severally Executive nomination confirmed by the Senate March 26, 1900, considered, and agreed to, and the bills ordered to be engrossed. -
Soviet Active Measures WPC Copenhagen Jul 1986.P65
Foreign Affairs Note United States Department of State Washington, D.C. SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES: July 1986 THE WPC COPENHAGEN PEACE CONGRESS, OCTOBER 15-19, 1986 The World Peace Council (WPC), the best known Soviet interna- tional front, is sponsoring its 14th major peace congress Oc- For further information about the World Peace Council, tober 15-19, 1986, highlighting the UNs International Year of see: Peace. The themes of the congress probably will emphasize Soviet propaganda and policy initiatives on a variety of issues, • Foreign Affairs Note Soviet Active Measures: particularly nuclear defense and arms control. In order to attract The World Peace Council, April 1985. maximum participation, organizers have attempted to conceal • Foreign Affairs Note The World Peace Councils the WPCs central role, but several independent peace groups Peace Assemblies, May 1983. already have denounced the undertaking and have declined to • Foreign Affairs Note World Peace Council: participate. Original projections of some 5,000 attendees have Instrument of Soviet Foreign Policy, April 1982. dropped significantly, and the success of the conference is now in question. World peace assemblies or congresses are mainstays of of a breakthrough in international life, and of effective joint action in the interests the WPC agenda. Staged about every 3 years, they focus on a of all States and peoples, was stressed both at the meeting in Denmark, and in specific theme and invariably echo Soviet propaganda lines. an address issued by representatives of the national peace committees of Social- This years congress is dedicated to the UN International Year ist countries meeting in Sofia. of Peacea theme currently being exploited by all Soviet inter- Hermod LannungDanish Radical Liberal and long-time national front groups to support Soviet policies and condemn chairman of the Danish-Soviet Friendship Societywas chosen those of the West. -
Peace Treaty Between the Republic of Finland and the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, Signed at Dorpat, October 14, 1920
PEACE TREATY BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND AND THE RUSSIAN SOCIALIST FEDERAL SOVIET REPUBLIC, SIGNED AT DORPAT, OCTOBER 14, 1920 Whereas Finland declared its independence in 1917, and Russia has recognised the independence and the sovereignty of Finland within the frontiers of the Grand Duchy of Finland, The Government of the Republic of Finland, and the Government of the Federal Socialist Republic of Soviet Russia, Actuated by a desire to put an end to the war which has since arisen between their States, to establish mutual and lasting peace relations, and to confirm the situation which springs from the ancient political union of Finland and Russia, Have resolved to conclude a Treaty with this object in view, and have selected as their representatives for this purpose, the following: For the Government of the Republic of Finland: M. JUHO KUSTI PAASIKIVI, M. JUHO HEIKKI VENNOLA, M. ALEXANDER FREY, M. KARL RUDOLF WALDEN, M. VÄINÖ TANNER, M. VÄINÖ VOIONMAA, M. VÄINÖ GABRIEL KIVILINNA. For the Federal Socialist Republic of Soviet Russia: M. JEAN ANTONOVITCH BERZINE, M. PLATON MIKHAJLOVITCH KERGENTSEFF, M. NICOLAS SERGUEJEVITCH TIKHMENEFF. Who, after meeting at the town of Dorpat and exchanging their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed to the following provisions: Article 1. From the date upon which this Treaty shall come into force, a state of war shall cease to exist between the Contracting Powers, and the two Powers shall mutually undertake to maintain, for the future, an attitude of peace and goodwill towards one another. Article 2. The frontier between the States of Russia and of Finland shall be as follows: 1. -
Pacifist War
arts Article From Horrors Past to Horrors Future: Pacifist War Art (1919–1939) Lauren Jannette Department of History, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; [email protected] Received: 22 April 2020; Accepted: 7 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: In this paper, I argue that interwar pacifists working in France presented an evolving narrative of what the First World War represented in order to maintain support for their movement and a continued peace in Europe. Utilizing posters, photographs, pamphlets, and art instillations created by pacifist organizations, I interject in ongoing debates over the First World War as a moment of rupture in art and pacifism in France, arguing that the moment of rupture occurred a decade after the conflict had ended with the failure of the Conference for the Reduction and Limitation of Armaments of 1932–1934 and the election of Hitler as the leader of a remilitarized Germany. Pacifist art of the 1920s saw a return to traditional motifs and styles of art that remembered the horrors of the past war. This return to tradition aimed to inspire adherence to the new pacifist organizations in the hopes of creating a new peace-filled world. The era of optimism and tradition ended with the economic and political crisis of the early 1930s, forcing pacifists to reconceptualize the images and styles of art that they utilized. Instead of relying on depictions of the horrors of the past war, these images shifted the focus to the mass civilian casualties future wars would bring in a desperate struggle to prevent the outbreak of another world war. -
Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
War Prevention Works 50 Stories of People Resolving Conflict by Dylan Mathews War Prevention OXFORD • RESEARCH • Groupworks 50 Stories of People Resolving Conflict
OXFORD • RESEARCH • GROUP war prevention works 50 stories of people resolving conflict by Dylan Mathews war prevention works OXFORD • RESEARCH • GROUP 50 stories of people resolving conflict Oxford Research Group is a small independent team of Oxford Research Group was Written and researched by researchers and support staff concentrating on nuclear established in 1982. It is a public Dylan Mathews company limited by guarantee with weapons decision-making and the prevention of war. Produced by charitable status, governed by a We aim to assist in the building of a more secure world Scilla Elworthy Board of Directors and supported with Robin McAfee without nuclear weapons and to promote non-violent by a Council of Advisers. The and Simone Schaupp solutions to conflict. Group enjoys a strong reputation Design and illustrations by for objective and effective Paul V Vernon Our work involves: We bring policy-makers – senior research, and attracts the support • Researching how policy government officials, the military, of foundations, charities and The front and back cover features the painting ‘Lightness in Dark’ scientists, weapons designers and private individuals, many of decisions are made and who from a series of nine paintings by makes them. strategists – together with Quaker origin, in Britain, Gabrielle Rifkind • Promoting accountability independent experts Europe and the and transparency. to develop ways In this United States. It • Providing information on current past the new millennium, has no political OXFORD • RESEARCH • GROUP decisions so that public debate obstacles to human beings are faced with affiliations. can take place. nuclear challenges of planetary survival 51 Plantation Road, • Fostering dialogue between disarmament. -
Colonial Appeasement
Colonial Appeasement coming to power in 1933, even though the Nazi leader’s territorial ambitions focused (1935–38) on Eastern Europe, as indicated in his infa- PAUL W. DOERR mous memoir Mein Kampf.Afewsenior Acadia University, Canada Nazis also hoped for a colonial foothold in Africa, but the early years of Hitler’s regime were taken up with other, more urgent Colonial appeasement is a largely forgotten matters. aspectofBritishappeasement.Duringthe British officials and policy-makers had, years from 1935 to 1938 the British govern- throughout the 1920s, strongly rejected any ment gave serious attention to the possibility suggestion of returning colonies to Germany. of granting Germany colonial possessions But the deteriorating world economic situa- in Africa as part of a “general settlement” tion after 1929, combined with the growing with the Nazi regime. Various schemes for threat to the peace from Hitler’s Germany, transferring African territories to German forced the British to rethink their position. jurisdiction were considered, but serious Gradually the idea began to emerge that per- obstacles arose and, with the exception of haps colonies could be returned to Germany one formal proposal from the British in early as part of a much larger general settlement of 1938, talks with the Germans on the subject the situation in Europe. never moved beyond vague generalities. On March 7, 1936, Hitler sent German Prior to the First World War, Germany troops into the demilitarized zone of Ger- held four territories in Africa, namely Ger- many. He then issued a series of demands, man East Africa, German South-West Africa, oneofwhichwasacallforequalityofcolonial Kamerun, and Togoland. -
THE MISSING PEACE: She Was Called a Traitor in 1915 for Her Pacifist Opposition to World War I
CountHerHistory October 2007 AAUW-Illinois by Barbara Joan Zeitz THE MISSING PEACE: She was called a traitor in 1915 for her pacifist opposition to World War I. She was adamant that no matter the cause, the pain of the fight would render meaningless the victory. She was convinced only peace and democracy would bring peace and democracy. Her name was on the Senate Judiciary Committee’s traitor list in 1919. Her name was on another list in 1931, that of Nobel Peace Prize winners, as the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Her name? Jane Addams. Another woman pacifist, Countess Bertha Kinsky was born of aristocracy in 1876 in Prague, which then was part of the Austrian Empire. She grew up learning languages, studying the classics and preparing to be an opera singer. But as a young woman, with family fortunes squandered, she had to earn her living. She first worked as a governess in Austria, and then for a mere eight days as secretary-housekeeper to Alfred Nobel in Paris. It is speculated she departed his employ quickly perhaps rejecting his attentions and marriage proposal, for it is known she loved another. Upon her return to Austria, she married Arthur von Suttner and began her career as a journalist and author. In her book, The Machine Age, she published radical views on education and women’s rights. She became a pacifist and envisioned an international peace league to arbitrate instead of to war. Largely through her efforts, the International Peace Bureau was formed with her as vice-president. -
Dear Peace and Justice Activist, July 22, 1997
Peace and Justice Awardees 1995-2006 1995 Mickey and Olivia Abelson They have worked tirelessly through Cambridge Sane Free and others organizations to promote peace on a global basis. They’re incredible! Olivia is a member of Cambridge Community Cable Television and brings programming for the local community. Rosalie Anders Long time member of Cambridge Peace Action and the National board of Women’s Action of New Dedication for (WAND). Committed to creating a better community locally as well as globally, Rosalie has nurtured a housing coop for more than 10 years and devoted loving energy to creating a sustainable Cambridge. Her commitment to peace issues begin with her neighborhood and extend to the international. Michael Bonislawski I hope that his study of labor history and workers’ struggles of the past will lead to some justice… He’s had a life- long experience as a member of labor unions… During his first years at GE, he unrelentingly held to his principles that all workers deserve a safe work place, respect, and decent wages. His dedication to the labor struggle, personally and academically has lasted a life time, and should be recognized for it. Steve Brion-Meisels As a national and State Board member (currently national co-chair) of Peace Action, Steven has devoted his extraordinary ability to lead, design strategies to advance programs using his mediation skills in helping solve problems… Within his neighborhood and for every school in the city, Steven has left his handiwork in the form of peaceable classrooms, middle school mediation programs, commitment to conflict resolution and the ripping effects of boundless caring. -
FOR a FUTURE of Peketjiktice
WDMENS ENCAMPMENT FOR A FUTURE OF PEKEtJIKTICE SUMMER 1983'SENECA ARM/ DEPOTS 1590 WOMEN OF THE H0TINONSIONNE IROaiMS CONFEDERACY GATHER AT SENECA TO DEMAND AN END TO MMR AMONG THE NATIONS X 1800s A&0LITI0NIST5 M4KE SENECA COUNTY A MAJOR STOP ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HITO HARRIET TUBMAW HOUSE NEAR THE PRESENT DAI ARMV DEPOTS EARL/ FEMINISTS HOLD FIRST WDMENS RIQHTS CONVENTION AT SENEGA FALLS ID CALL FOR SUFFRAGE & EQUAL MPTICJMTION IN ALL OTHEP AREAS OF LIFE ' TOD/W URBAN & RURA. WOMEN JOIN TOGETHER IN SENECA G0UNI7 TO CHALLENGE "ME NUCLEAR THREAT TO UFE ITSELF^ WE FOCUS ON THE WEAPONS AT 1UE SENECA ARMY DEPOT TO PREVENT DEPU)yMENT OF NATO MISSILES IN SOUDARITY WITH THE EUPOPE/W PEACE MO^MENT^ RESOURCE HANDBOOK Introduction The idea of a Women's Peace Camp in this country in solidarity with the Peace Camp movement in Europe and the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, in particular, was born at a Conference on Global Feminism and Disarmament on June 11, 1982. The organizing process began with discussions between Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and women in the Upstate Feminist Peace Alliance (NY), to consider siting the camp at the Seneca Army Depot in Romulus, NY. The planning meetings for the Encampment have since grown to include women from Toronto, Ottawa, Rochester, Oswego, Syracuse, Geneva, Ithaca, Albany, New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, and some of the smaller towns in between. Some of the tasks have been organized regionally and others have been done locally. Our planning meetings are open, and we are committed to consensus as our decision making process. -
The Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference: Questions and Answers
The Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference – Questions and Answers These questions and answers are taken from the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference podcast at www.mrallsophistory.com. Scan the QR code or visit https://goo.gl/0L9Gjp to listen. You might find it useful to cover the answers and then write them in as you listen to the podcast. Where did the Big Three meet to discuss the fate of The Palace of Versailles outside Germany? Paris Who was the British Prime Minister? David Lloyd George Who was the President of the USA? Woodrow Wilson Who was the Prime Minister of France? Georges Clemenceau What is the name of the treaty that Germany signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia? The British public pressured David Lloyd George to Lemon ‘squeeze Germany like a…’ what? What were Lloyd George’s two key priorities at Peace and trade Versailles? Take some of Germany’s overseas What did Lloyd George hope to do Germany’s Empire? colonies and add them to the British Empire Downloaded from www.mrallsophistory.com In which previous war had France been invaded by - Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) and lost land to - Germany? Roughly what fraction of French soldiers who had served in the French army had been killed or injured in Over two-thirds the war? Make France safe from any possible What was Georges Clemenceau’s primary aim at German attack in the future - to Versailles? weaken Germany as much as possible What kinds of peace did Woodrow Wilson hope for? A just and lasting peace What did he fear might happen if Germany was treated In the