City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Spring 5-3-2017 "A Vigorous Propaganda": The Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, the Peace Palace, and Internationalism through Design at The Hague, 1899–1920 Daniel Pecoraro CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/167 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact:
[email protected] Pecoraro 1 “A Vigorous Propaganda”: The Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, the Peace Palace, and Internationalism through Design at The Hague, 1899–1920 By Daniel Pecoraro Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History, Hunter College The City University of New York April 17, 2017 Thesis Sponsor: Elidor Mëhilli April 17, 2017 Elidor Mëhilli Date Signature Elidor Mëhilli April 17, 2017 Manu Bhagavan Date Signature of Second Reader Manu Bhagavan Pecoraro 2 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Beginnings of the International Idea at The Hague (pre-1899 Conference) 6 Chapter 2: The 1899 Peace Conference: Political and Local Effects 9 Chapter 3: Mr. Carnegie’s Conundrum: Founding and Funding the Palace 14 Chapter 4: Siting the Palace 18 Chapter 5: The Design Competition and the Betrayal of the International Idea 22 Chapter 6: The 1907 Peace Conference 33 Chapter 7: Thomas Mawson and the Reclamation of Internationalism 36 Chapter 8: Constructing the Peace Palace: Reconciling Nationalism and Internationalism 39 Chapter 9: The Peace Palace Opens 42 Chapter 10: The Peace Palace in World War I 44 Epilogue: Building New International Ideals at The Hague 47 Bibliography 51 Appendix 57 Pecoraro 1 An imposing building stands behind a large metal fence in the background of a postcard from 1913.