3312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAROH 26,

PROMOTION IN THE NA VY. Mr. SIMS. Before the motion is put, I want to make a parlia­ mentary inquiry. Is not the unfinished business on the Calendar Lieut. Commander Edward B. Barry, to be a commander in the this morning the pension bills reported from the Committee of Navy, from the 9th day of March, 1900, vice Commander Wash­ the Whole on Fiiday last, with the previous question ordered burn Maynard, promoted. thereon? The SPEAKER. That is the unfinished business. WlTHDRAW ALS. Mr. SIMS. I demand the regular order. Mr. HULL. I think my motion is in order always anQ. is a Executive nominations utithdmum Ma1·ch 26, 1900. privileged question. THIRTY-SEVENTII ~FANTRY. The SPE~KER. The Chair is of the opinion that the demand Lieut. Col. Thomas R. Hamer, to be colonel. for the regular order calls up the unfinished business, which is Maj. Charles T. Boyd, to be lieutenant-colonel. the consideration of the pension bills reported from the Commit­ Capt. Benjamin M. Koehler, to be major. tee of the Whole on Friday last, upon which the previous question First Lieut. Cha1·les H. Sleeper, to be captain. was ordered upon all of the bills and the amendments to their Second Lieut. Alvin K. Baskette, to be first lieutenant. passage. The Clerk will report the first bill. HOUSE BILLS WITH .AME!TDMENTS PASSED. CONFIRMATION. On the following House bills, reported from the Committee of the Whole with amendments, the amendments were severally Executive nomination confirmed by the Senate March 26, 1900, considered, and agreed to, and the bills ordered to be engrossed. for . COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, a third reading; and being engrossed, they were read the third time, and passed: Herbert Morissey, of Massachusetts, to be collector of customs A bill (H. R. 1800) granting a pension to Hulda L. Maynard; for the district of Plymouth, in the State of Massachusetts. A bill (H. R. 7799) to grant an increase of pension to Franklin M. Burdoin (title amended); A bill (H. R. 4089) granting a pension to Emily Burke; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. A bill (H. R. 3214) to increase the pension of J. S. Dukate (title amended); MONDAY, March 2.6, 1900. A bill (H. R. 2623) for the relief of Melville Oliphant (title amended): The House met at 12 o'clock m., and was called to order by the A bill (H. R. 4791) granting a pension to Catherine A. Schwunger, Speaker. of Berks County, Pa. (title amended); P1·ayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. COUDEN, D. D. A bill (H. R. 7488) to pension John C. Ray (title amended); The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday last was read, cor­ A bill (H. R. 301) for the relief of James T. Donaldson, jr. (title rected, and approved .• amended); · BRIDGE A.CROSS MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MEMPHIS, TENN. A bill (H. R. 6486) to increase the pension of Orange F. Berdan (title amended); Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that A bill (H. R. 4991) granting a pension to Maria V. Sperry; the bill H. R. 8247, which is on the House Calendar, be taken A bill (H. R. 3775).granting an increase of pension to Robert from the Calendar and recommitted to the Committee on Inter­ Boston; state and Foreign Commerce. A bill (H. R. 5088) granting a pension to William G. Wil­ I make this request by direction of that committee, who desire loughby (title amended); to give a further hearing to the parties interested in the bill. A bill (H. R. 8045) granting a pension to Wilford Cooper (title Mr. SlJLZER. What is the title of the bill? amended); · . The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the title of the bill~ A bill (H. R. 5961) to authorize and direct the Secretary of the The Clerk read as follows: Interior to reissue the pension certificate of Charles A. Hausmann A bill (H. R. 8247) to amend an act entitled "An act to authorize the con­ and increase the rate of his pension (title amended); struction of a bridge across the Mississippi River at Memphis, Tenn.," ap­ A bill (H. R. 3821) granting a pension to Frances D. Best, widow proved April 24, 1 . of Lieut. Col. Joseph G. Best (title amended); The SPEAKER. Therequestof thegentlemanfromNewYork A bill (H. R. 4180) granting an increase of pension A. J. Pickett is- (title amended); Mr. SHERMAN. That the bill be recommitted to the Commit­ A bill (H. R. 2076) granting an increase of pension to Horace tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. N. Brackett; The SPEAKER. That the bill be recommitted to the Commit­ A bill (H. R. 8395) to increase the pension of Henry Johns I \ tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Is there objection? (amendment to title disagreed to); Thete was no objection. A bill (H. R. 8405) granting a pension to Sophl·onia Seeley; A bill (H. R. 2748) granting an increase of pension to Henry TRANSPORTATION OF DUTIABLE GOODS TO ASTORIA, OREG. Schnettberg, of Indiana, Pa. (title amended); . Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the A bill (H. R. 3654) for the relief of Calvin Myers, of Overton present consideration of the bill (S. 359) to extend the privilege of County, Tenn., a soldier in the Mexican war (title amended); . immediate transportation of dutiable goods to theportof Astoria, A bill (H. R. 625) granting a pension to Wesley Reed (title Oreg. amended); The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani­ A bill (H. R. 5169) granting an increase of pension to Charles mous consent for the present consideration of a bill which the Weed; Clerk will report. A bill (H. R. 4€03) for the relief of Isaac Price (title amended); The bill was i·ead, as follows: A bill (H. R. 741) increasing the pension of Zedock C. Andrews Be it enacted, etc., That the privilege of immediate transportation of dutia­ (title amended); ble goods, in accordance with the provisions of an act entitled' An act to A bill (H. R. 5970) for the relief of Phebe S. Riley; amend the statutes in relation to the immediate ~ransportation of dutiable A bill (H. R. 3962) granting an increase of pension to Alanson goods, and for other purp9ses," approved June 10, 1880, and the ~end ments C. Eberhart, of York, York County, Nebr.; thereto, be, ai:.d the same is hereby, extended to the port of Astoria, Oreg. A bill (H. R. 7599) granting an increase of pension to John F. The SPEAKER, Is there objection to the present considera­ Crawford; tion of the bill? A bill (H. '.R. 2728) to pension Thomas T. Garrison (title amended); Mr. TALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I object. A bill (H, R. 6784) granting a pension to Henry H. Neff, of The SPEAKER. Objection is made. Winchester, Randolph County, Ind. (title amended); A bill (H. R. 3758) for back pay and increase of pension for ORDER OF BuSINESS. Joshua Ricketts (title amended); Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve itself A bill (H. R. 6372) granting a pension to Annie Webster (title into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union amended); for the consideration of the Army appropriation bill. A bill (H. R. 5134) granting an increase of pension to J. F, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa moves that the Allison (title amended); House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole Honse on A bill (H. R. 7177) granting a pension to John N. Breed (title the state of. the Union for the purpose of considering the Army amended); appropriation bill. A bill (H. R. 2999) granting an increase of pension to George · Mr. SIMS. A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Speaker, M. Brown; Mr. HULL. I will state- A bill (H._R. 6785) _to increl:\86 ~he pension of Maria Egan, 1900. ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3313

widow of Michael Egan, late captain Company G, Eighty-eighth A bill (H. R. 6731) granting a pension to William F. Tait (title New York Volunteers (title amended); amended); A bill (H. R. 4696) granting an increase o~ pension to Ruthven A bill (fl. R. 2203) to increase the penskm of John M. Garrett W. Houghton; (title amended); A bill (H. R. 4247) granting a pension to Francis S. Wolf (title A bill (H. R. 3693) granting an increase of pension to Abraham amended); Sandford; A bill (H. R. 3312) for the relief of Ellen V. Myer, widow of A bill (H. R. 548) granting a.pension to Edward Harris· George V. Myer, late of Company K, Fifteenth Pennsylvania A bill (H. R. 3869) granting a pension to Joseph H. Hamrick Infantry (title amended); (title amended); A bill (H. R. 3307) for the relief of Matilda Hennessy (title A bill (H. R. 6089) to pension Alfred T. Moreland (title amended); amended); A bill (H. R. 737) granting a. pension to Cyntha A. Middleton; A bill (H. R. 657) granting a pension to Francis. A. Kitchen, A bill (H. R. 8390) granting an increase of pension to Joshua late surgeon, United States Army (title amended); Mitchell; A bill (H. R. 6995) to pension Catherine.Harris (title amended); A bill (RR. 8599) granting a pension to Ellen J. Williams; A bill (H. R. 5171) to increase the pension of William H. Wal­ A bill (H. R. 7596) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. lace (title amended); Eliza Wight (title amended); A bill (H. R. 240) granting an increase of pension to George W. A bill (H. R. 6624) granting an increase of pension to John C. Wakefield, of Pawtucket, R. I. (title amended); Bradley; A bill (H. R. 1946) granting a pension to Jane F. Chalmers; A bill (H. R. 5209) granting an increase of pension to Samuel A bill (H. R. 6344) to rem-0ve the charges of desertion from the A. Greeley; records of the War Department against Frederick Mehring; A bill (H. R. 8112) granting a pension to John Vogler; A bill (H. R. 3268) granting an increase of pension to James W. A bill (H. R. 4681) granting a pension to Elizabeth Keiff (title Kessler; amended); A bill (H. R. 4828) to place on the pension roll the name of Susie A bill (H. R. 8378) for the relief of Mary Steffens, widow of E. Johnson (title amended); Henry Steffens, deceased, Company F, Ninth Ohio Infantry Vol­ A bill (H. R. 6304) to increase the pension of James J. Lyon unteers (title amended); - (title amended); A bill (H. R. 1147) granting an increase of pension toDr. Luke A bill (H. R. 1677) granting an increase of pension to Missouri -H. Cooper, now totally blind (title amended); B. Ross; A bill (H. R. 5127) granting a pension to John Lafollett; A bill (H. R. 8669) granting an increase of pension to Eliza A. A bill (H. R. 4138) granting a pension to Elizabeth A. .Hyatt Lake; (title amended); A bill (H. R. 8083) granting an increase of pension to James A bill (H. R. 3642) granting an increase of pension to Adolphus Winnie; Lavine, late captain of Company I, One hundred and sixty-ninth A bill (H. R. 3563) t.o grant a pension to T. Gilbert Floyd (title -New York Volunteers (title amended); amended); A bill (H. R. 4276) -granting a pension to John R. Eggeman A bill (H. R. 8800) granting an increase of pension to Libbie (title amended); Fries (title amended); A bill (H. R. 6900) granting an increase of peilBion to Benjamin A bill (H. R. 5211) granting a. pension to Lizzie M. Dixon; F. Kurtz; A bill (H. R. 3655) granting an increase of pension to Timothy A bill (H. R. 6885) granting an increase of pension to HoraceB. B. Eastman; • Durant; A bill (H. R. 4657) granting a pension to Mrs. Laura S. Pontius, A bill (H. R. 5886) granting a pension to William H. Lane; of Dayton, Pa. (title amended); A bill (R R. 6952) to pension. Carrie L. Dale, widow (title A bill (H. R. 7767) to pension Alice D. Roatch (title amended); amended); . A bill (H. R. 8339) granting an increase of pension to Charles A bill (H. R. 457) granting a pension to Mrs. Clara L. Harri­ H. Gates; man (title amended); A bill (H. R. 6019) granting a. pension to Mrs. Therese W. A bill (H. R. 3131) to restore to the pension roll the name of H.ard; Matilda O'Connor (title amended); A bill (H. R. 6375) granting an increase of pension to Chester A bill (H. R. 3941) to restore the pension of Samuel B. Weeks Willis; (title amended); A bill (H. R. 3225) granting a pension to Elizabeth Bent Cooper, A bill (H. R. 4654) granting a pension to Simon Van DerVaart of Yorktown, Pa. (title amended); (title amended); A bill (H. R. 4267) granting an increase of pension to Ezra A, A bill (H. R. 5170) granting a pension to Cyrus Johnson; Bennett, of Basin, in the State of Nebraska (title amended); A bill (H. R. 8610) grantingapensionof $50permonth toAbner A bill (H. R. 5110) to increase the pension of Edward T. Ken­ S. Crawford (title amended); nedy (title amended); A bill (H. R. 8120) granting an increase of pension to David I. A bill (H. R.' 3454) granting a pension to Joseph E. Baldwin, of Wentworth; - Topeka, Kans. (title amended); and A bill (H. R. 7535) granting an increai;e of pension to Clare H. A bill (H. R. 4675) to recognize the rank and rerate the pension Burleigh; of Robert Jones (title amended). A bill (H. R. 493) granting a pension to Fanny M. Hays; The following Senate bills, reported from the Committee of the A bill (H. R. 642) to increase the pension of Gen. C. C. Doolittle Whole, were severally considered, ordered to a third reading, read (title amended); the third time, and passed: A bill (H. R. 1681) granting an increase of pension to Isaac M. A bill (S.1713) granting an increase of pension toAliceS. Jordon; Lock (title amended); A bill (S. 265) grantinganincreaseofpension toJaneMcMahon; A bill (H. R. 4398) to grant a pension to Julius Vogt (title A bill (S. 343) granting an increase of pension to Mary J. Free- amended); m~; - A bill (H. R. 1172) granting a pension to Mrs. Rebecca J . .Iones A bill (S. 495) granting a. pension to Ambrose J. Vanarsdel; (title amended); A bill (S. 1592) granting a pension to Jane E. Augur; A bill (H. R._4 562) for the relief of Lois A. Fields, widow of A bill (S. 39) granting an increase of pension to Caroline V. George W. Fields, late of Company I, Forty-seventh Pennsylvania English; Militia Volunteers (title amended); A bill (S. 2346) granting an increase of pension to Alfred Bigelow; A bill (H. R. 6159) granting a pension to Arnold Bloom, of Cur- A-bill (S. 1254) granting a pension to Catherine E. O'Brien; wensville, Pa. (title amended); . A bill (S. 3129) granting an increase of pension to Henry Mc- A bill (H. R. 4030) for the relief of Minnie and Lottie M. Cole­ Millen; man, ~elpless children of Thomas R. Coleman (title amended); A bill (S. 1752) granting a pension to James J. Wheeler; A bill (H. R. 5435) to increase the pension of Alexander P. A bill (S. 2368) granting a pension to Mary A. Randall; and Baugher, of Company G, Two hundred and ninth Regiment Penn­ A bill (S. 195) for the relief of Louis Miller. sylvania Volunteer Infantry (title amended); A bill (H. R. 3021) granting a pension 1io ElizaH. Getchell (title HOUSE BILLS PASSED. am,ended); The following House bills, reported from the Committee.of the A bill (H. R. 2397) granting a pension to Eliza S. Redfield· Whole, were severally ordered to be engrossed for a third reading; A bill (H. R. 4832) granting a pension to Martha E. Graves '(title and being engrossed, they were read the third time, and passed: amended); · A bill (H. R. 8605) granting a pension to Joseph Champlin Stone; A bill (H. R. ~195) granting a pension to Livingstone B. Greg­ A bill (H. R. 9070) granting an increase of pension to Daniel H, ory, formerly private, CompanyF, One hundred and eighty~ninth Kent; and Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry (title amended); A bill (H. R. 8079 granting a pension to Bertha M. Jordan.

XXXTU-208 3314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. M.AROH 26,

HOUSE BILLS LAID ON THE TABLE, MOODY]. It is a bad precedent to fix the time arbitrarily for a On the following Bouse bills, reported from the Committee of vote on an appropriation bill when yon may not complete its i·ead­ the Whole with the recommendation that they do lie OJ1 .the table, ing under the five-minute rule. I do not think there will be any the recommendation of the Committee of the Whole was agreed to: objection to closing generaldebate on Wednesdayat3o'clock,and H. R. 3202. A bill granting a pension to Catherine E. O'Brien; and then reading the bill under the five-minute rule, and think in cant H. R. 7400. A bill for the relief of James J. Wheeler, Lagrande, be concluded on Thursday. I hope that agreement can be made. Union County, Oregon Volunteers. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. It would be very easy if the Mr. SULLOWAY moved to reconsider the several votes by rule was invoked strictly under the five-minute rule and the de­ which the various bills were passed, and also moved to lay that bate was compelled to be germane; bnt no one can tell whether motion on the table. that rule will be enforced strictly or not. I agree with the gentle­ The latter motion was agreed to. man from Tennessee that we ought never to enter into such an agreement as to permit us to pass an appropriation bill without ORDER OF BUSINESS. considering it.in detail. Mr HULL. Mr. Speaker, I renew my motion. Mr. RICHARDSON. It is at least liable to abuse where an The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman yield to the gentleman agreement is made that cuts off the reading of an approoriation from Wisconsin? · bill through under the five-minute rule. - Mr. HULL. Certainly. Mr. HULL. Well, Mr. Speaker, if there can be no agreement Mr. BABCOCK. Mr. Speaker, under the rules of the Honse which will bring _a vote on the bill not ll'\ter than Thursday, I this is District day. I understand more important legislation is move that the House resolve itself into Committee of the Whole coming before the House, and I ask unanimous consent that it be Honse on the state of the Union for the purpose of · considering in order to call up District business next Monday. the bill, and I shall move to close debate when, in my judgment, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin, chairman of the time shall arrive. . the Committee on the District of Columbia, asks unanimous con- Mr. SULZER. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Speaker, that sent that Monday, one week from to-day, be set apart for business general debate on the bill close at 3 o'clock on Wednesday, and from the District Committee. Is there objection? [After a pause.] the bill be then taken up under the five-minute rule, and that a The Chair hears none. vote be had on the bill at 4 o'clock on Thursday. Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I now renew my motion, that the Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. That is the same proposition Honse resolve itself into Committee of the Whole House on the to which I objected. · . state of the Union for the purpose of considering the bill making Mr. SULZER. Very well, then; I now ask unanimous consent appropriations for the Army. · that general debate on this bill close at 3 o'clock on Wednesday. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa, chairman of the Mr. HULL. I object to that. We do not need now to fix the Committee on Military Affairs, moves that the House resolve itself time allowed for general debate. into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gentle- the purpose of considering the military appropriation bill. man from Iowa that the House i·esolve itself into Committee of Mr. HULL. And pending that, Mr. Speaker, I want to say that the Whole House on the state of the Union for the purpose of the committee this morning arranged for general debate to run considering the Army appropriation bill . • until Wednesday at 2 o'clock, and then to consider the bill under Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I do not know what the objection of the five-minute rule and vote on the bill and pending amendments gentlemen is. It was agreed to in the committee. on Thursday at 4 o'clock. In view of the fa.ct that an hour or Mr. HULL. The agreement in the committee went clear • more has been taken to-day, I wi11 modify that, after consultation through; the idea was to get as early a vote on the l;>ill as we could. with members of the committee, and ask unanimous consent for It was an agreement as a whole. If yonleavetheotherpartopen, an agreement on the part of the House that general debate may yon may have an indefinite contest. If we are to have an nnliillited run until Wednesday at 3 o'clock, wh~n the bill shall be consid- debate under the five-minute rule, we do not know when it might ered under the five-minute rule until Thursday at 4 o'clock, when end. a vote shall be taken upon the bill and the pending amendments. Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, I trust the gentlema_.n from Iowa Mr. SULZE.R. And it is also agreed, as I understand it, that will agree to my proposition that general debate end on Wednesday all members who speak on the bill shall have the privilege of ex- next at 3 p. m., as the committee agreed on this morning. This tending their remarks in the RECORD. This was agreed to by the is an important bill. committee. Mr. STEELE. . I call for the regular order. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker1 I should like to The SPEAKER. The regular order is demanded. Thequestion ask if the result of that agr~ement might not be that the bill is on agreeing to the motion of the gentleman from Iowa. . would not be read through for amendment? . The motion was agreed to. Mr. HULL. I think I can say that that might be the result; I The SPEAKE.R. The House will now resolve itself into Com- do not think it would be. mittee of the Whole on the state of the Union. The gentleman t . Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Then I object. from New York, Mr. SHERMAN, will take the chair. The SPEAKER. Objection is made. The question is on the Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, all points of order are reserved on motion of the gentleman from Iowa that the Honse resolve itself this bill. into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union-- In accordance with the motion of Mr. HULL, just agreed to, the Mr. RICHARDSON. M.r. Speaker-- Honse resolved itself into Committee of the Whole on the state of Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I do not object to the first part the Union (Mr. SHERMAN in the chair), and proceeded to thecon- of the arrangement. sideration of the bill (H. R. 8582) . me.king appropriations for the Mr. RICHARDSON. I was going to suggest that the request support of the Regular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year might be modified. ending June 30, 1901. Mr. HULL. I do not think there is any doubt on earth but that Mr. HULL. I ask unanimous consent that the first reading of we shall read the bill through in the seven hours devoted to that ~hebil be dispensed with. purpose. There is no fight on the bill. ~ T e was no objection, and it was ordered accordingly. . Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I think that would be likely to . HULL. Mr. Chairman, I desire to occupy but a brief time be true, but why does not the gentleman from Iowa modify his in explanation of this bill. I think the bill as submitted to the request so th·at the bill may be read under the five-minute rule House bas the support of the Committee on Military Affairs as a until its completion and a vote then taken? There will be no roll whole-both the majority and minority members. The amount call on the bill. carried by the bill is $111,600,364.55. This is a reduction of the Mr. HULL. The only idea the committee had in fixing this estimates, which, as submitted by the War Department, carried was at the request of gentlemen on the other side of the House, $127,712,133.55. The main reduction in the bill is in regard to t.o give as much time as possible for {:!eneral debate on the ground transportation of our troops, with a small reduction of the pay of that there is no contest over the bill, and thaflhere was no doubt the Army, both officers and men. All estimates submitted are about getting the bill read under the five-minute rule in that always for the full number of men authorized by law to be _en­ time. Consideration of the bill would not take a day. General listed, yet we all know, as a matter of fact, that the condition debate is not for the bill. neverexistswhen theArmyisabsolutely at its maximum strength. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. We mjght read and pass the The reduction in this case is something over 10 per cent of the bill first and talk about it afterwards. · [Laughter.] amount of the estimate, and the Army at this time is more than 10 Mr. HULL. I am not willing to extend the general debate for per cent below its maximum, and, as recruiting is not going. on two days and then take the chances on having an indefinite gen- actively, the prospect is for a further reduction in the Army; so eral debate under the five-minute rule. The questions discussed that the amount reported in this bill is, in my judgment, more do not bear any relation to this bill. than ample to meet the expenditures.for the fiscal year for which Mr. RICHARDSON. The suggestion I was going to make was we are appropriating. in line with that made by the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. The estimate of the Department in regard to transportation was 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. . 3315

for the mustering out and the return to this country within the next regiments. We have captains of the Regular Army who are fiscal year of the entire Army, because on the 1st of July, 1901, colonels of provisional regiments. These captains have length of the term· of enlistment of all the men recruited under the law service p_ay as. captains.,, The law provides that while serving as passed by Congress at its last session expires, and under that law colonel of a-regiment the officer shall have the pay of .that rank, tlre .Army is to be reduced to the 25,000 provided for at the out­ and not have the pay proper of his regular rank or· lineal rank break of the Spanish war, with the exception of the addition which in the Regular Army. was made in the artillery branch' of the service. So that if no In other wordsj the pay proper of a captain is suspended. The further legislatio!l is had the Army will be reduced on the 1st of office is not vacated, but the pay proper is suspended, and the July, 1901, to the neighborhoodof 28,000 enlisted men. Butevery officer is paid as colonel of the provisional regiment. But, in addi­ gentleman here knows that with the term of enlistment expiring on tion to that, the Department has given him what is called "length July 1, 1901, comes in a fiscal year beyond the period for which of service" pay on his higher temporary rank. As captain in the we are now appropriating. It will be utterly impracticable for Regular Army he has length-of-service pay, increasing 10 per cent the entire Army to be returned to this country during the fiscal on his regular rank each five years up to 40 per cent. After twenty year covered by this bill. So we have reduced the estimate in years' service there is no increase of service pay, but in place of that particular some ss,000,000, allowing, in my judgment, more figuring the service pay on his lineal rank in the Regular Army, than will be necessary to provide for the wants of the Govern­ they figure it on his rank as a colonel in the Volunteer Army, mak­ ment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901. These, I think, ing a considerable addition to bis compensation other than that of are the main reductions made from the estimates. the pay of a colonel; and it ·seemed to the committee that a cap­ Mr. STEELE. I do not see how it follows that the law with tain who succeeded in securing one of these very desirable appoint­ reference to the mustering out of these troops can not be complied ments-because every captain in the Regular Army would be with. If it is necessary to commence in February preceding the delighted to have such an appointment-would get his pay in­ 1st of July, the law ought to be so framed that we may have the creased to the rank in which he is serving, and that he had no money on hand to make it operative without the necessity of an- claim in justice or in equity to have also his length of service pay other appropriation. · . increased over that of the other members of the Army of his lineal Mr. HULL. The law, Mr. Chairman, provides for the expira­ rank who could not get these commissions, by computing the tion of the term of enlistment on the 1st of July, the day the length of service pay on the higher compensation. . next fiscal year begins. What is paid by this bill is before the 1st Mr. CLAYTON of New York. Will thegentleman allow me? of July, 1901. At the second session of Congress there will be an­ The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield to the other appropriation bill brought in, when, if necessary, this mat­ gentleman from New York? ter can be provided for without any trouble whatever and with­ Mr. HULL. I do. out a deficiency. Mr. CLAYTON of New York. If thesecaptainsaregettingthis Mr. STEELE. If Congress is not in session, the Department extra pay, is it not because they have served a long time? will have to wait until December before it can have the money Mr. HULL. Certainly. with which to bring these men home. Mr. CLAYTON of New York. Does not the committee think, Mr. HULL. We are not providing now for the fiscal year end­ then, that they are entitled to this extra pay? ing next July, but for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901. Con­ Mr. HULL. Certainly; and they get it as captains or on their gress will convene on the first Monday of December next, and we lineal rank. It does not cut them off from their regular length of shall then have more information on this matter than we have service pay as captains or rank in the Regular Army. now. There will be another appropriation bill presented for an­ Mr. CLAYTON of New York. We;tl, then- other fiscal year; and if there is a shortage or any danger of diffi­ Mr. HULL. But the point that the committee made was this: culty, it can be provided for without any damage to the interests Suppose the gentleman from New York and myself were both of the service in any particular whatever. I think the gentleman captains-- from Indiana will agree with me that in these matters-and they Mr. CLAYTON of New York. I understand the point thor­ are only estimates-the Department estimates for the largest oughly, but it seems to me that these men are selected because amount that ~an possibly be r~quired. they are meritorious, are selected over their comrades because of The last appropriation bill carried about $80,000,000, in round good service, and I submit that they ought to have the compensa­ numbers. There was a deficiency in these appropriations of some tion which. would naturally come to them. $45,000,000, caused by a change of the law, provision having been Mr. HULL. The length of service pay does not come from a made for a temporary force to· be mustered out and musternd in service of five years or more as a colonel. One of these capt.ains in a manner not provided for at the time our appropriation was serves a year as a colonel, and after bis service as colonel is over made. he goes back to his place in the Regular Army as captain. I think you gentlemen who were here at that time will remem­ .Mr. CLAYTON of New York. Neither does that take place ber that in answerto a question by Mr. Dockery, when the House with reference to any other officer. bill and the Senate bill were being considered, we very frankly Mr. HULL. That is true. • stated that our appropriation was largely a matter of guess, be­ Mr. CLAYTON of New York. If a man is made a brigadier- cause the law had not been settled; but that if the Senate bill pre­ general to-morrow-- vailed, there would be a deficiency of at least $30,000,000. The Mr. HULL. Then there is no length of service pay at all. deficiency actually exceeded that somewhat. But I do not believe, Mr. CLAYTON of New York. If he is made a colonel, he gets it. Mr. Chairman, that if this bill is passed just as it is reported from Mr. HULL. If he is a colonel in the regular establishment, he the committee, there will be a deficiency of any considerable gets it, and ought to, because that is his regular place. amount in any of the items appropriated for. Mr. CLAYTON of New York. I can not see the difference. •Now, I want to call the attention of the committee to the new Mr. HULL. This ,is the difference: Here is a man commis­ legislation that is proposed in the bill. sioned from the State of New York as a colonel of a State regi­ On page 4, line 1, we make an appropriation- ment. He gets his pay as colonel of a regiment. Here is another For the purP.ose of connecting headquarters, Department of Alaska, at St. man selected out of the Regular Army, from a lower grade, and Michael, by military telegraph and cable lines with Fort Egbert, Cape Nome, commissioned as colonel of a regiment. This gentleman is colonel and other military stations in Alaska, $450,550: Provided, That commercial of a provisional regiment, and he holds the same rank as the other business may be done over these military lines under such conditions as may be deemed, by the Secretary. of War, equitable and in the public interests, colonel. They will both go out in two years from the time when and that the sum hereby appropriated shall ba immediately available. the regiment was recruited. The one who was commissioned from civil life gets the full pay of a colonel and nothing else. The other, I do not believe that this is subject to a point of order. It is in from the Regular Army, gets the full pay of a colonel, and in ad­ the line of our appropriation so far as it has been made for years, dition to that he gets his length of service pay. Now, be has with the exception that it specifically provides where a certain earned the length of service pay as a captain, but he has not earned amount of money shall be expended. It is called for by the report it as colonel of a regiment. from the War Department submitted by General Greely, the Mr. STEELE. Mr. Chairman, I think I agree with the gentle­ Chief of the Signal Corps, and approved by the Secretary of War. man in some respects; but suppose two officers started into the I simply want to call attention to the fact that it is a new provi­ service, say, on the 23d day of February, 1866, when a. great many sion. I do not believe it is subject to a point of order; but upon of these colonels were appointed. There are a very few officers the same page, the proviso commencing in line 15 and ending in who are serving in regiments that were not fortunate in regimen­ line 18 is also new legislation. That proviso is as follows: tal promotions, and until we had lineal promotion in order to Provided, That hereafter length of service pay of all officers in the Regu­ make the promotions equal they were at great disadvantage. lar Army holding commissions in the provisional army shall be paid on their So that officers who had service in the Volunteer Army higher rank in the Regular Army. than some others, but who came into the Regular Army regiments Whether that is snbject to a point of order or not I am not now that gave them slow promotion, are yet majors, while there are prepared to give an opinion. It is called for by the fact that we colonels appointed on the same day and who have had no more 'have many officers in the Regular Army serving with provisional regular service and not as much volunteer service as they had. 3316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAHCH 26,

Now, these men have been at a disadvantage all these years be­ which is $48 a month. He lost all that. It cost him the extra cause they happened to be in regiments where lineal promotions money over what the man serving in Washington had to meet did not obtain. when serving his country under a detail that vtry few of them Mr. HULL. This proviso does not affect that. It only affects are very anxious to fill. They would all rather stay here. They temporary commissions. go because it is their duty and they are ordered to go. This 10 Mr. STEELE. If a captain who has been serving just as long per cent additional to officers will not make up the actual addi­ as a colonel bas had just as much experience, and because of his tional expense that the officer is put to while serving in that experience is made a colonel, it seems to me that _when he is country. • serving right along with an officer who has had no more service Mr. RICHARDSON. Will the gentleman yield to me for a than be has he ought to have the same pay that the other colonel question upon that point? has, and the reason why he gets more than the volunteer colonel Mr. HULL. Yes. is because of his greater experience. l\fr. RICHARDSON. Do I understand the gentleman to say Mr. HULL. This does not affect a colonel in the Regular Army that this 10 per cent additional pay to officers and 20 per cent ad· at all. · ditional pay to enlisted men is now being paid? Mr. STEELE. I know it does not, but it affects a captain who Mr. HULL. Ten per cent to officers is not being paid; but the has been promoted to be a colonel in a volunteer regiment. 20 per cent additional to enlisted men is, as I understand. Mr. CAPRON. A colonel of volunteers. Mr. RICHARDSON. Up to a very recent time was it not un· Mr. HULL. Not in the Regular Army. der a ruling of the Comptroller of the Treasury that they were Mi-. STEELE. I mean an officer-a captain, if yon please-who entitled to it? has been appointed a colonel in a volunteer regiment. He has Mr. HULL. I do not know as to that. It is paid, and the Treas· served just as long and has had the same experience as the regular nry has not hung it up. colonel, and yet he will not get the longevity pay of a colonel Mr. RICHARDSON. If it is being paid, what is the necessity but will only get the longevity pay of a captain instead. for any legislation? Mr. HULL. I think there are very few captains who have bad Mr. HULL. Because I think the whole question is largely by the same service as the men who are now colonels in the Regular sufferance. If this Congress, early in the session, had not passed Army. a special appropriation to pay it, it would have been held up. The Now, I want to get along with my i·emarks-­ language of the old law is" in time of war." Mr. STEEL~. I will not take your time. Mr. RICHARDSON. I understand that very well; but the gen· Mr. HULL. I am glad to have the gentleman mention that, tleman said, and I understand it to be true, that 20 per cent to so that we will have it to consider. enlisted men has been paid all along, and is now being paid under On page 11 of the bill there is a provision for 10 junior veteri­ a ruling of the officers of the Treasury Department. nary surgeons. That is absolutely new legislation increasing the Mr. HULL. I do not know about any ruling of the Treasury, number of veterinary surgeons and providing in regard to their but it has been paid. pay. That provision is as follows: Mr. RICHARDSON. If that is true, and they are still paying For pay of 10 junior veterinary surgeons, $9,CXX>: Provided, That the addi­ it, does the gentleman mean to take the position that what has tional veterinary surgeons provided for in this bill shall be graduates of some been heretofore paid has been improperly or unlawfully paid? recognized veterinary college~ Provided further, That junior veterinarysur­ l\Ir. MARSH. I would say to the gentleman from Tennessee geoml shall be allowed and paid monthly the snm of $3.71 during the entire period of their service in lieu of the clothing allowance of a sergeant-major. . that this provision is inserted in the bill for the purpose of remov­ ing any donbt upon that point. I think that would go out on a point of order without any doubt, Mr. RICHARDSON. I do not see bow there can be any doubt but I hope the point of order will not be made, as these men will on the point. save the Government many times their salaries, and it is just as Mr. MARSH. The gentleman says there can be no doubt, and important for the artillery to have veterinary surgeons as it is for we think there is doubt. the cavalry. The caT"alry have one veterinary surgeon now for Mr. RICHARDSON. How can there be, if there has been a part of their regiments only. Some of them are without veteri­ ruling? I nary surgeons. Some of them have two. The total number of Mr. MARSH. I do not want to argue the matter. I say that vete1inary snrgeons in the Army is ten. The total number of cav­ this has been put in for the purpose of covering any doubt there alry regiments is ten, and the total number of artillery regiments might be on that question. I think the money ought to be paid, is s~ven. You ought to provide each of these regiments with vet­ and if there is any doubt as to whether the men could be paid un­ erinary surgeons. der the existing law this removes that doubt. On page 14, commencing with the proviso in line 12 and ending .Mr. RICHARDSON. I understand that; but if the ruling has with line 18, is new legislation. That proviso is as follows: been made-- Provided, That hereafter the pay of all officers and enlisted men serving Mr. MARSH. And that doubt grows out of the construction beyond the limits of the United States in the islands.in possession or under as to whether there is a war going on in the Philippines or not. the control of the United States, and in the Territory of Alaska, sha.ll be in­ Mr. RICHARDSON. Now, I understand a ruling has bP-en • creased 10 per cent for officers and 20 per cent for enlisted men over and above made, and under that ruling it has been paid; and if so, no one the rates of pay as fixed by law in time of peace. objects; and I can not see what necessity there is to amend exist­ That is subject to a point of order, but again I express the hope ing law. that members will give it careful consideration and recognize the Mr. HULL. I want to say to the Committee the first decision of justice of it, so that when we come to pass upon it no one will the War Department after the conclusion of the treaty was that raise the point of order. they could not continue this payment, and afterwards they de­ I want to explain what it is as briefly as possible. You gentle­ termined to continue it, and asked Congress for an appropriation, men will remember that in enacting the law under which our which was given in this Congress. Army was raised at the beginning of our war with Spain, we put Mr. MARSH. This Congress? in a proviso that the enlisted men should have 20 per cent in­ Mr. HULL. Yes; this Congress. We did not amend the law. crease of pay during time of war. . The flat pay of enlisted men is Now the war is over; we all know that; and the construction 13 a month, and under this proviso they get 15.60. But the war has been liberal in tbe pa,st-and I want to say to the gentleman is over. I do not believe they have a right to pay this now; and from Tennessee in my judgment it has properly been liberal­ without any question, after the money appropriated by the bill that in giving them this additional pay for the great services that this Congress passed to pay this extra compensat!on has been ex­ they are called upon to render in those island possessions, under hausted, the Treasury can not pay it to the Army. different conditions from those which prevail at their homes; and I believe the men in the Philippines are entitled to the 20 per there can be no doubt of the further fact that unless we provide cent additional pay. We have provided for it in this bill. More in this bill something of this kind, the Department will be com­ than that, there was a provision in the bill which gave officers 20 pelled to adjust the pay to the flat pay of 813 a month. If any per cent additional, but that -was stricken out before that bill member believes that these men should be paid this small increase, passed. This bill gives to the officers 10 per cent additional pay then there is no reason for any point of order being raised against and is manifestly new legislation, and yet I think every man here it. Now I will yield to the gentleman from Kansas. will admit that an officer serving in the Philippines is at more Mr. RIDGELY. I think there will be no objection to paying disadvantage than the 10 per cent will make up for. I can give the 20 per cent, but there is one other matter that seems to be an you one illustration. A major in the Regular Army went to the open question with the War Department, and I want to know if Philippines with the first expedition and stayed there until re­ you have provided for it. That is, the extra month's pay to all cently, when he returned, and is now on duty here. All the time the soldiers who served in the Spanish war. that he served there he had to hire his own quarters, and lost at Mr. HULL. We have that bill before us as a separate measure. least $1,200 of actual cash by serving there. It is not in order on this bill. Now, the allowance made for commutation of quarters here is Mr. RIDGELY. I hope the bill will be reported favorably. $12 a month for each room, and a major would have four rooms, Mr. HULL. I will say that the bill we have before us is for 1900. ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3317 more than that. It involves two months' pay to some parties and Iernment could not immediately provide it, and, in my judgment, one month's pay to others. this Congress will not do any damage to the Treasury or the Mr. RIDGELY. And the gentleman thinks the committee will interests of the country if it deals liberally with the National report such a bill? Guards and the militia of the States in returning them new cloth- Mr. HULL. Yes; but I do not know it. ing and new camp equipage for what they surrendered to the Mr. RIDGELY. I am glad to know it. Governmen~ at the outbreak of the war . .l\fr. GRIGGS. Will the gentleman allow me an interruption Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. How is that to be determined? at this point? Mr.HULL. The Government hason its recordnowtheamount Mr. RULL. Yes. that every State furnished. The officers of the Government have Mr. GRIGGS. I want to ask a question for information solely. been going over these supplies to find out their value, and I will I understand the officers of the Regular Army who served in the say to the gentleman very frankly that those officers in a large volunteer regiments during the war between the United States number of cases have determined that the value of this material and Spain are denied the extra pay given to volunteer officers who furnished by the States is very small. Still it is true that these served in the war. supplies answered the purpose of the Government at that time. Mr. HULL. Certainly; and they ought to be. The supplies properly belonged to the States or to their guards. Mr. GRIGGS. Is that the truth? The Government had the benefit of it all. No matter if it was Mr. HULL. Certainly; it is the business of the regular officers not new, no matter if the supplies were not as good as they might to fight. It is their life business. The volunteer goes in as a mat- have been, they answered the purpose of the Government, and by ter of patriotism; he is not obliged to go. Aftet a short time in dealing liberally with the States in this matter we are onlv sup­ the service he goes back to neglected business. porting our own people! providing for our own defense, and en.- Mr. GRIGGS. I am not contesting the provision. I simply couraging our own great reserve in the National Guard. Every wanted to ask if this bill provided that officers of the Regular State is interested in this matter. Army who served in volunteer regiments shall now receive it. Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Can the gentleman give us any Mr. HULL. Not at all; and as far as I am concerned, I would approximate idea of what this property amounts to in value? _ oppose actively-such a proposition. .Mr. HULL. Ithinkitwillamountto only$800,000or$1,000,000; Now, Mr. Chairman, on page 16, lines 17 to 20, there is simply and if the provision of the bill on this subject is not stricken out some new language inserted to make clear whom they are paying. o.n the point of order, the committee have instructed me to move It is not subject to a point of order because they have been paid; to add, in line 15, after the words "eight million," the words "five it is simply making the bill more particular, and in detail, than hundred thousand;" so that the total appropriation under that it has been heretofore since we have had this class of people to pay. head will be $8,500,000-being an increase of the appropriation On page 19, commencing after the word ''soldier," in line 3, for the purpose now under consideration. - "and to enable the Secretary of War, in his discretion, to cause to Mr. MAHON. As I understand, if we do not return these be transported to their homes the remains of civilian employees of things on application of the governors, we shall have to pay for the Army who have died or who may hereafter die while in the them? employment of the War Department in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Mr. HULL. Certainly. But the amount which the States Philippines;" that is new legislation. I thinkit is unnecessary to would l'eceive in money would not equal the value of the material take the committee's time in saying what it is, for every member which we propose to return to them. knows what that provides for. M.r. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Why not give them the money On page 20 that proviso is a limitation or a direction on how some instead of the stuff! of this money shall be used. It was placed there.at the request of Mr. HULL. Because if you give them the money they can not, the War Department~ because it was necessary to make it imme· with the amount which will be received, sup~ly themselves to the diately available. I do not believe that would besnbjecttoapoint same extent with material. If you give them the money under of order, as I think in appropriation bills there is the widest lat- the present law, you have got to find out how much these things itude as to limits placed upon the funds provided for. were worth. Now, take a tent, for instance, furnished by a State On page 24 there are two items that are subject to a point of to the Government. It may have been in use for some years. If order. The first begins after the word" discharge," in line 12, in put on the market it would have sold as old material and would these words: have brought but a small price; yet it answered the purpose of For indemnity to officers and men of the Army for clothing and bedding, the Government; it might have answered the purposes of the etc., destroyed by order of medical officers of the Anny for sanitary reasons. guard for yearsJ yet in active service it would soon go to pieces. The War Department submitted to us ·that there had been in If that tent were returned in kind, the State would receive a new the neighborhood of $10,000 worth of personal clothing of men and tent. So far as I am eoncerned, I am willing that the Govemment officers destroyed on account of being exposed to contagion in should give to the States new tents-new material in all cases in Cuba and other islands, especially in Cuba, and it is a direct loss return for that which they tendered the General Government when to the officers and to the men; and we believe that while in the the war commenced. line of duty they not only exposed their clothing but their lives, Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. This proviso leaves the question . the Government ought at least to make good the amount of entirely open as to the amount to be pa.id and the method by which clothing destroyed by the sanitary officers, taken from them and the property is to be returned.. burned up. So that while it is new legislation, it seems to me Mr. HULL. Not at all. that it will appeal to the sense of justice and right of everymem- Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. What I want to knowis, why you ber of the House. can not appropriate a sum of money to cover the expense which The next provision is much wider in its scope. Commencing the States may prove to have been incurred by them, and then let after the word •' dollars," in line 15, and going down to the close them procure in their own way such equipment as they them- of line 23, on page 34, there is this proviso: selves think thev need for the N atfonal Guard. Provided, That on application of the governor of any State or Territory Mr. HULL. Why, Mr. Chairman, if we appropriate the money the Secretary of War is authorized to replace the quartermaster stores which we appropriate it only for the amount that the material was worth. the volunteers from said State or Territory carried into the service of the In returning the material in kind we shall be doing what the United States Army during the recent war with Spain, and which have been N ti 1 G d f St t ha k d t d d h t th retained by the United States, exclusive of such stores as have been allowed a ona uar 0 every a e s as e us O O, an W a e for in the office of the Auditor for the War Department and such award ac- State authorities of every State, so far as we have heard from cepted by a State. them~ request that Congress shall do. We do the same thing with We in our last appropriation bill provided for doing exactly this our ordnance and with our camp equipage, etc. as to the ordnance stores and supplies. We all know that when Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. But these States, in getting their the war broke out the Government was short of tents, short" of original equipments, did not get their supplies from the General clothing and camp equipage, and that in a large number of States, Government; they supplied themselves in their own way, accord­ if not all of them, where there was militia, or the organized Na- ing to the facilities they then had at hand. tional Guards, they went into the service, and their clothing, Mr. HULL. The General Government at no time haB under­ tents, and camp equipage were turned over to the Government. taken to supply the National Guard with quartermaste1·'s sup­ In place of making every State and Territory go before the De- plies. partment and prove what the clothing and tents and equipage Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. The point I desired to make is this: were worth, we return it in kind. If we give a State a sum of money which it proves is sufficient to It is a liberal proposition on the part of the Government, but it reimburse it for what it has lost, then in it..s own way it can buy is no more than should be done under the circumstances. It is such equipments as it may deem necessary. true many of the tents were old, much of the clothing had been Mr. HULL. That is the law now. worn, and that we will give them new, but, gentlemen, it came Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Why not leave it that way? into the service of the Government at a time when the country Mr. HULL. Because when we give the States the value of what was anxious to see the boys as well cared for as possible; it gave they supplied to the Government, they can not with that amount us clothing, tents, and camp equipage at a time when the Gov- supply themselves with the same quantity of new material. But • •. ..

3318 OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. MA.ROH 26,

when we retm·n them the property m kind, they will receive the in the Mexican war and afterwards served in the war of the rebel­ same number of uniforms for the same number of men, the same lion against the Government can not gain access to these homes. number of tents, the same amount of camp equipage that they The amendment that will be offered to this section will provide turned in; and as that was old material, we are giving all that that the men who served in the Mexican war or in the recent war they lost and more, tpo. It is that" more, too,'' that I am in favor or any war can have access to these homes, regardless of service in of giving them. the Confederate army. l\Ir, WM. ALDEN SMITH. I hope the gentleman will not Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Will the gentleman permit a ques­ understand that I am opposed to the proposition to make this re­ tion? turn. I agree that there ought to be a proper return made, but Mr. HULL. Certainly. I think the States would prefer to receive the money and then in Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. I should like to ask whether this their own way buy what would' snit their purposes. I think they proviso at the bottom of page 28- can supply themselve!:j with what they want better than the General Pro'lfided, That hereafter the Chief of Ordnance is authorized to issue sncb Government can supply them. obsolete or condemned ordnance, gun carriages, and ordnance stores as may Mr. HULL. If we should appropriate a lump sum to be dis­ be needed for ornamental purposes to the Homes for Disabled Volunteer tributed among the States, the amount would have to be appor­ Soldiers, the Homes to pay for transportation and such other expenses as tioned in accordance with the number of men in service. It would are necessary- be paid to the Stat9 treasury, of course, and could only be expended is intended to mean the National Homes only, or whether that when the legislature of the Sta.ta had made the necessary appro· would cover such homes as the Michigan Soldiers' Home? priation. . Mr. HULL. I think that ig construed to cover simply the Now. in the very nature of things, the State of Iowa or the State National Homes, but am not sure. of Michigan or any other State can not supply the same quality Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Why not let it cover the State of uniform, the same amount of tents and equipage, etc., for the homes? I make that suggestion. same amount of money that the General Government could, be­ Mr. HULL. I will say to the gentleman that I will get a con­ cause it makes or purchases large amounts of these materials. So struction of that from the War Department before the bill is the State itself, under the arrangement proposed, will fare better taken up under the five-minute rule. I have no objection to its than if we made a lump appropriation of money. reaching all homes, and I think, upon a second thought, the Ian- · Mr. BROMWELL. Allow me to suggest, too, that the Govern­ guage should have that construction. I may be mistaken in my ment, especially when the war in the Philippines is closed, will first suggestion. have large quantities of ordnance supplies, together with tents and Mr. WM. A.LDEN SMITH. While the Michigan Soldier's Home other equipage, which will be available for this purpose, and is a State institution, itis also somewhat national in its character. which otherwise it wou1d have to store or sell at a very low Mr. HULL. That is true of aU our homes. price. But, availing itself of that material already on hand, it Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. And we would like that privilege can make the return to the States in kind. extended to the State homes. Mr. HGLL. I think that they have a great deal that they can Mr. HULL. That would come up under the five-minute rule. return in kind now. Now, if there is no other gentleman who desires to ask me a ques- Mr. THROPP. It is not the purpose of the Government to re­ tion-- · turn to these States the old tents that have been used in the Philip­ Mr. DRIGGS. I desire to ask the gentleman a question. pines, as I understand it but it is to return to the States an equal The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? · number of new tents in place of the old tents. Mr. HULL. I do. _ Mr. HULL. If they have them to spare, it will be ont of their Mr. DRIGGSr For my own information, I should like to know stock. If they have not got them to spare, it will be to furnish if the gentleman from Iowa can tell me what were the total ap­ them tents anyhow. propriations for the Army and everything connected with the Mr. THROPP. The States will be better supplied. Army for the fiscal year ending July 1 or June 30, 1900? Mr. HULL. Yes; and I want to say that in this matter we have l\Ir. HULL. That was during the war period, and we had followed the universal request of the National Guard, who have many extra appropriations, and I do not remember. I have never the matter at heart more than we have, and have followed the re­ counted it up. For the fiscal year that will end the 1st of July quests of the governors of the States. next my impression is that the total is about $128,000,000. That Mr. SHAFROTH. Several bi1ls have been introduced in this includes the deficiencies, that have already passed this Congress, Congress relative to increasing the appropriation for the equip­ for the balance of this fiscal year. ment of the National Guard from 84.00,000 to 62,000,000. Is that Mr. DRIGGS. That is about $17,000,000 decrease in appropri- covered bv this bill? ation. · Mr. HULL. That is not. That comes before the Committee Mr. HULL. Yes; this decreases that, and I think very prop­ on the Militia, of which the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MARSH] erly. is chairman. The matter has been favorably reported, and it is I reserve the balance of my time, Mr. Chairman. in charge of the gentleman from Il1inois. on· page 2 there is a very little amendment, in lines 18 and 19, MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT. by which, if this provision carries, we will furnish powder for the Tbe committee informally rose; and Mr. PARKER having taken· firing of salutes at burials of soldiers at soldiers and sailors' State the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message from the President homes, as well as at the National Romes. That is all there is to of the United States, by Mr. PRUDEN, one of bis secretaries, an­ that. It includes that, and also the firing of morning and evening nounced that the President had approved and signed bills and guns at the State homes. That is a new provision, which will be joint resolutions of the following titles: subject tQ,a point of order, but everybody knows exactly what it On March 14, 1900: means. H. R. 1806. An act for the relief of W.W. Riley; I think the only other provision that is new is on page 30, com­ H. R. 2321. An act granting an increase of pension to Horatio mencing with line 7 and ending with line 14, as follows: H. Warren; and H. R. 2637. An act granting an increase of pension to Albert ' Hereafter all volnnteer officers and soldiers who served in the Uni ted~ tates Army,regularorvolunteer,duringthelatewarwithSpain,a.ndallwhoserved, Hammer. or shall serve, in the Philippine Islands, shall be admitted to the benefits of the On March 16, 1900: National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers on the same terms and con­ H. R. 6767. An act to grant an American register to the steamer dition"! as officers and soldiers who served in the late war for the suppression Windwm·d. of the rebellion from 1861 to 1865. On March 19, 1900: . The object of that amendment is to open the National Homes for H.J. Res. 204. Joint resolution to provide for the removal of Disab~ed Volunteer Soldiers to those who fought in the Spanish snow and ice in the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia. war or to those who are hereafter disabled in the Philippines or in On :March 21, 1900: . any part of our possessions. That is all there is to that, and I H. R. 2391. An act granting a pension to Elizabeth R. Holt; think, Mr. Chairman, these are all the new provisions that are in H. R. 3260. An act granting a pension to Susan M. Button; the bill in any form whatever. H. R. 438. An act granting a pension to Emma M. Kitt; I will say to gentlemen that the committee have instructed the H. R. 5188. An act granting a pension to David 0. Dane; offering of an amendment to this section, if it is not stricken out H. R. 1979. An act granting a pension to Sophronia Bailey; on a point of order when it is reached under the five-minute rule, H. R. 2666. An act granting a pension to John l\f. Laughlin; which amendment enla1·ges the scope of it a little more than the H. R. 232. An act granting a pension to John Vars; bill does. H. R. 5440. An act granting a pension to Smith J eweal; My understanding is that the law as it now stands opens these I H. R. 4090. An ·act granting an increase of pension to Henry H. volunteer homes to men who served iri the war of 1812, the .Mexican Brown; war, and the civil war, and who have been honorably discharged; H. R. 5710. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles W. but the construction of the language is such that men who served Jerome; - t • - ~ • 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3319

H. R. 5186. An act granting an increase of pension to Zadok C. ¥r"· Chairman, among other iteins carried by this bill I see one Perkins; on page 10 that reads as follows: · · H.· R. 4652. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles For pay of officers on the retired list and for officers who may be placed Perkins; . thereon during the current year, $1,273,000. H. R. 2169. An act granting an increase of pension to Nelson B. Now, I do not suppose that there is any material opposition to Lutes; and . the passage of this bill. There may be some slight changes in its H. R. 825. An act granting an increase of pension to. Fannie H. phraseology. In some of the items there may be slight increases Riggin. and in others slight deductions may be made; but the total amount On March 22, 1900: caITied by the bill will be necessary for the support of the Army; H. R. 1885. An act granting a pension to Harvey Grant; and while Iain opposed to the policy that requires such a large H. R. 2526. An act granting a. pension to Margarethe Bomke; and appropriation for the maintenance and support of the Army, yet H. R. 2599. An act granting pension to Philip Yoe. since they have been called into the field under the directions of On March 23, HJOO: the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy·of the United H. R. 1040. An act to amend section 4445 of Title Lil of the Re­ States, I believe every member on this floor as well as myself is vised Statutes of the United States, relating to the licensing of in favor of making liberal appropriations for the proper mainte­ officers of steam vessels. nance of the Army while it is so serving. So I desire to call the On March 24, 1900: attention of the committee for a short time to this item which H. R. 9080. An act appropriating, for the benefit and govern­ refers to retired officers. I am not going to criticise the officers ment of Puerto Rico, revenues collected on importations there­ who are on the retired list, but there is this significant statement from since its evacuation by Spain, and revenues hereafter col­ in this item. It says: • lected on such importations under existing law; For pay of officers on the retired list, and for officers who may be placed H. R. 2749. An act granting a pension to Susan Garrison; thereon during the current year. H. R. 6575. An act granting a pension to Matilda G. Higbee; Just what significance we may give to the latter pa1·t of this H. R. 5509. An act granting a pension to Malinda Jones; item I suppose is a mere difference of opinion in the minds of each H. R. 309. An act granting a pension to James M. Kercheval; member of the House. But I want to call the attention of the com­ H. R. 4648. An act granting an increase of pension to William mittee more definitely to the wholesale appointments. and retire­ G. McLain; ments that have been made during the last three years-during H. R. 4416, An act granting an increase of pension to Henry the present Administration. Myattention was called a short time Geesen; · ago to an article on this subject in one of the great newspapers H. R ..524. An act granting an increase of pension to Andrew J. that is published in the State of Illinois. It was there charged Davis; that there is an unlimited retired list, notwithstanding the corps H. R. 5156. An act granting an increase of pension to Frances of active brigadier-generals is restricted by law to six, and that in QTh~; . . pursuance of this policy many brigadier-generals have been placed H. R. 3072. An act granting an increase of pension to William on the retired list long before they would have been compelled by W. Wharton; the age limit to retire. - H. R. 3071. An act granting an increase of pension to John F. After thinking about this matter for some time, I concluded to Nclwn; ~ investig~te for myself, and I desire now to submit here a list of H. R. 3067. An act granting an increase of pension to Melvina appointments of major and brigadier generals that have been made Bottles; within the last three years, showing the time of appointment and H. R. 2477. an act granting an increase of pension to George the length of service in the positions to which they were appointed, H. Pennington; · together with the date of retirement. H. R. 5299. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph The list is as follows: McCune; and List of appointees. H. R. 854. An act granting an increase of pension to John J. McCormick. . Name. "\Vhen "\Vb.en ARMY APPROPRIATION BILL. appointed. retired. The commiftee resum0d its sitting. . . Mr. SULZER. I ask the Chair to recognize the gentlemvnfro M.A.JOR-GENER.A.LS. IIJinois fMr. JETTl, a member of the committee. Frank Wheaton------:·------Apr. 2,1897 May 8, te97 The CB:AIRMAN. The gentleman from illinois. J. W. Forsyth------~ ------May 11, 1897 May H,189'1 Mr. JETT. Mr. Chairman, as has been stated by the gentleman ZenasR.Bliss------May 14,1897 May 22.1897 who has just taken his seat, the chairman of the Committee on John R. Brooke_------·------May 22, 1897 Not retired. Military _i\.ffairs, this bill carries in round numbers $112,000,000. BRIG.A.DIER-GENERALS OF ST.A.FF. It is $16,000,000 short of the estimates that were furnished to the Samuel Breck ------·------Sept.11, 1897 Feb. 28, 1898 committee by the War Department. W. H. Bell ______------_----.------Nov. 14,1897 Jan. 28,1898 I am of the opinion that before the fiscal year ends, for which S. T. Cushing ______------··------Jan. 28, 1898 Apr. 21, 1898 this appropriation is made, there will be a deficiency, and that M. I. Ludington __ ----- ____ ------·------___ _ Feb. 3, 1898 Not retired. Henry C. Corbin.----- ___ : ______------·------Feb. 25, 1898 • Do. there will be a deficiency carried for the Army in the next de­ W. H. Nash-----·------· -­ Apr. 21, 1898. May 2, 1898 ficiency bill for the fiscal year closing June 30, 1901. I base this C. P. Eagan* __ .. ----·-·------­ May 3, 1898 Suspended. upon the estimates made by the War Department, and upon what Asa B. Carey---·------_------Jan. 00,1899 Julyl211898 A. R. Buffington ___ _-----·------·------Apr. 5,1899 Notret1red. the expenditures of the War Department have been for the present Alfred E. Bates------______July 12, 1899 Do. fiscal year which will close June 30, 1900. As will be remembered, in the appropriation bill for the Army BRIGADIER·GENER.A.LS OF THE LINE. that was passed for the fiscal year closing June 30, 1900, we appro­ Oct. 16, 1899 priated $80,000,000. In the deficiency bill which passed this House Sept. 28 1898 during the early part of the session there was an appropriation of FaJt~~1i=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -~~-~~:-~~~~- Not retired.1 John M. Mizner _____ ; ···------··------·.do ______June 7,18!17 $47,000,000 carried for the Army, which will make the total ex­ June 22, 1897 penditures for the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, June 30.1897 the sum of $127,000,000. The estimates for the fiscal year ending ~~~~~~~~::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::~::::: :::: ~E: ~:ti~ Not retired. June 30,"1901, were $128,000,000. There was cut, by the commit­ Oct. 4,1898 ¥a!bH:_wK~~t :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ~~~:· ~: rn~ Oct. 15, 1898 tee, out of one item, for instance, the item for the pay of enlisted Guy V. Henryt _---· ••.••• ------·------Oct. 11, 1898 Oct. 27, 1899 men, the sum of $1,000,000. There was taken out of the estimate W. S. Worth _____ ------·--·------Oct. 29, 1898 Nov. 9,1898 of the War Department, from the ite!Ils of travel pay for e:rilisted W . M. ·Wherry ------··· J an. 27, 1899 Jan. 18, 1899 J. H. Patterson ______•. · ----- ____ ------Jan. 18, 1899 Feb. 6,1899 men, 52,800,145. There was a d~duction from the i:;em estimated Feb. 13, 1899 by the War Department for clothing not drawn, $1,000,000. There :.w.Mti~~~l-~~ :::::: :::::::::·.::::::::::-_·_:::·_::~~ ~:~: 1~ : l~ Mar. 27, 1899 was also taken out of the item of total pay of the Army, which E. V. Sumner ____ ----_-----.-· ------·------Mar. 27, 1899 Mar. 30, 1899 T. M. Anderson _.... ------~ -- _----- _---·- ___ . Mar. 31, 1899 Jan. 21, 1900 item is estimated by the War Department at $47,969,000-out of A.(). M. Pennington ______------· Oct. 16,1899 Oct: 17, 1899 this item alone the sum of $5,254,595 was deducted. But the largest Royal T.Frank------Oct. 17,1899 Oct. 18, 1899 deduction.that was made was in the item for transportation of the L. H. Carpenter------·------·------Oct. 18,1899 Oct. 19, 1899 Army and supplies. In that item alone over $8,678,000 was de­ S. Ovenshine ----· _------~------·--- Oct. 19, 1899 Oct. 20, 1899 D. W.Burke·------·-··------·------Oct. 20,1899 Oct. 21, 1899 ducted. E. R. Kellogg------______-----·------·-· Dec. 5, 1899 Dec. 16, 1899 I simply mention these facts to subs.tantiate what I said a Dec. 26.1899 Not retired. moment" ago, that while this bill carries $112,000,000 and the esti­ r:tFUi~1~:::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~::~~~~~ Do. mates were $128,000,000, I believe the appropriation made at this William Ludlow_------___ :----.... Jan. 21, 1900 Do. time is not and will not be sufficient to defray the expenses of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901. · · *Suspended by court-martial. tDied. 3320 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 1 MA.ROH 26,

Mr. Chairman, the law in force as to the number of major and to the next higher rank expressly for the purpose of receiving the briga.di~r generals is as follows: higher pay when they are placed on the retired list? l\Ir. PARKER of New Jersey. Does not the gentleman think From and after ·the date of the approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of three major-generals and six brigadier-generals. that after their service, after thirty-five years, that something more than a retired colonel's pay is due to these men? This is the peri:µanent establishment-the Regular Army. Mr. JETT. I did not understand my colleague. Now, Mr. Chairman, I desire simply to call the attention of the Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. Does not the gentleman think House to the list to show the number of retirements that took that after a service since the war of thirty-five years, besides their place within so short a period after the appointments were made. services in the late war, some promotion is really due to these men? In many instances after the officer had been promoted to the rank Mr. JETT. ~ ~.U. say this. I prefaced my remarks by saying of a brigadier-general he was placed immediately, almost, upon that I was not cr1 timsmgtheofficers themselves, but for a generation the ret.ired list; in some cases he only served in the capacity of a almost this country was in profound peace, and they received the brigadier-gen~ral, after having received his appointment, until he benefits and emoluments of the positions they were then filling. was retired-a period of one or two days, some of four days, some If they saw fit to cast their lot with the Army, they ought to be of six, eight, ten, and twelve days, and some for two or three weeks. willing to take upon themselves the incidents and burdens of the Mr. l\IANN. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a ques­ Army without asking at the hands of Congress or of the people tion? of this country a position on the retired list with a higher grade Mr. JETT. Certainly. simply and solely for the purpose of enabling them to draw 81,500 Mr. MANN. Can the gentleman, without difficulty, inform more salary per year out of the Treasury of the United States. us what is the difference

placed upon the retired list October 21 of the same year. He, too, were who had not had as mu9h service as he had, for which he served in the capacity of brigadier-general for a period of one day was not responsible, but the law was responsible, he would, in the only. natural course of events, have been made a brigadier-general; but So I might go down through this long list and mention Gen. he went through the Spanish war and did gallant service there. E. R. Kellogg and Gen. G. S. Carpenter., who have been promoted He is one of my Democratic friends. to the rank of brigadier-general" and soon retired, after a very Mr. JETT. That is a very good recommendation for him. brief service in the rank to which they had been promoted. Nor Mr. STEELE. He was retired as a brigadier-general for his are these all, Mr. Chairman. For instance, Gen. S. B . .M. Young gallant service during the war, and not on account of any political was appointed a brigadier-general January 2, 1900; Gen. A. Mac- influence whatever. Arthur, who was madea brigadier-general January2, 1900. Gen. Mr. JETT. That may have been a case, such as we usually William Ludlow was promoted to the position of brigadier-general know of, where an injustice has been done to a Democrat. [Laugh. January21,1900. Theselastthree,withGen. JamesF. Wade and ter.l General Merriam, are the only ones in all this list of brigadier-gen- Mr. STEELE. No, he is retired as a brigadier-general because erals of the line who are now in the service of the Government. of his gallant service. He was a gallant officer. I had the honor They have all been promoted and retired during the present Ad- of serving with him for many years on the frontier and I know ministration. him to be an honest, straightforward man and a very good soldier. As members have observed, a great many of these officers have Mr. JETT. There may be some particular reason why some been retired, some on the next day aft.er their promotion, some men are entitled to more than others, but here a wholesale lot of after having served three, four, or five days, and some after hav- appointments and retirements h9-ve been made in comparatively a ing served only a month. I call attention to this matter for the short period of time. purpose of showing that while our friends on the other side are Mr. STEELE. I happen to know the circumstances in this proclaiming their patriotism they are at the same time getting for case. their friends all the high positions in sight. Mr. JETT. If they have been entitled to this for years and Mr. STEELE. Ought it not to be taken into consideration that years, how is it that they .have not been able to get it until the many of these officers have served forty or forty-five years with- present Administration came into power? out having the opportunity for promotion? Mr. STEELE. Because the President of the United States was Mr. JETT. I did not catch the gentleman's remark, a soldier himself and he has a sympathy for all good soldiers. Mr. STEELE. I say that many of those officers served fora [ApplauseontheRepublicanside.] lhavenodoubtthatthereare long time without receiving anypromotion; and, after long terms other cases with which I am not familiar, as I happen to be of active service, iJ; was only a matter of justice that they should familiar with the circumstances in this ca-se, which cases have be at last promoted before being retired. been acted upon for like good reasons. Mr. JETT. The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. PARKER] Mr. JETT. I have sympathy for a good soldier. Since I have asked me a short time ago a question on this subject. I said to been a member of the Committee on Military Affairs no man has him, and I repeat it now, that these gentlemen saw fit to cast done more for the soldiers who have been called into the service their fortunes in the Army, and they should have been will- than I have myself. I have at all times been in favor of liberal ing to have accepted all incidents thereto. While our country appropriations. While I have detested the policy which has called was at peace for years and years they were upon the pay roJls, our soldiers to some places to do service, yet I know that they are having but little to do, and simply because of the fact that they only acting under the instructions of their superior officers and had served for a long number of years, it may be, in some lower they are compelled to do service; hence my voice and my actions ranks of the Army, that is no good reason why, when they are have been m the interest of the soldier. And as long as they are about to be retired, the people of this country should be compelled called away, whether I agree with the policy for which they are to pay them annually an additional salary of $1,500 and more be- serving or not, I am going to favor liberal appropriations for their cause in contemplation of the fact that they were about to be re- maintenance, and to provide supplies for them. tired. I know of no other business or profession that retires Now, I will yield to my friend from Kansas [Mr. RIDGELY]. men, who have followed it for years, upon an increased salary. Mr. RIDGELY. I think my question comes in here very prop- Iamnotcriticisingthesegentlemenforgettingallthebenefitsthat erly. We are all very generous to our soldiers. The sentiment they possibly can; but I say I do not believe it is right that simply of our entire country has ever been generous to its soldiers; but because these officers have been long in the service until they have while this generosity ex1sts we must also remember the great army arrived at the age when they can be retired they should receive of taxpayers who of necessity must carry the burdens. Now, my greater pay than they would have received if they had been re- question is this: Have the Committee on Military Affairs made tired at the rank in which they had served. The presumption, of any estimate, so that the gentleman himself or any member of the course, is that every man knows the law; we all know that these committee can state to us what the increased burden will be in gentlemen knew sufficiently well what the law was. They knew the years to come by reason of the increased number of retired what pay would necessarily follow when they ca:rp.e to be retired, officers necessarily resulting by reason of.the large increase of our that it would depend upon the rank which they held at the time of standing Army? retirement, and if it was that of a colonel or captain he should be Mr. JETT. Well, I will say to my friend from Kansas that so willing to accept it. far as I know there has been no estimate made along that line. I I am not blaming these officers because of the fact that they suppose it would be very difficult to make an estimate along the have been enabled to control sufficient influence to get themselves line that has beensuggested by my friend. I quite agree with the placed upon the retired list at a rank higher than that in which suggestion that the taxpayers of this country ought not to have they had served; but I am calling the attention of this committee such burdens thrust upon them as are evidenced by the facts which and of the country to the fact that these wholesale appointments I have related here this afternoon. When anyofficeris retired he have been made for the sole purpose, as I believe and as I have a receives three-fourths of the salary which he receives while he is right to believe, of entitiing them to receive on the retired list the in active service, and the difference between the retirement of a pay of a higher rank than that in which they had served. They colonel and of a brigadier-general is 81,500 a year. Of course the have heretofore been paid for their services salaries that were in amount that would necessarily have to be paid by the taxpayers keeping with their rank. During all the years of peace they drew of this country on account of the facts suggested by my friend regularly their pay; and if retired with the rank in which they would necessarily depend upon the number placed upon the re~ had served or had reached when the time of retirement had come, tired list. I will say that there is at this time carried in this bill they have no right, in my judgment, to complain. for the payment of officers for the year 1901, who had been Mr. STEELE and Mr. RIDGELY rose. placed upon the retired list, the sum of $1,273,000, and there is ap- The CHAIRMAN. To whom does the gentleman yield? propriated in this bill the sum of $600,000 for those who are on the Mr. JETT. I will yield first to the gentleman from Indiana retired list who were not officers. [Mr. STEELE] and then to my friend from Kansas [Mr. RIPGELY]. Mr. Chairman, my friend from Indiana, Mr. STEELE, says these Mr. STEELE. Take the case of Colonel Burke, who was forty- promotions and retirements were made at this time because the five years a soldier, who served first as an enlisted man and then President has a sympathy for all good soldiers. Is that all? Does was promoted to be an officer on account of gallant service during not th~s list indicate more than that? I say it does. To my mind the war. Atter serving in a great many battles he was severely it is indicative of the fact that there was much more politics in wounded at Gettysburg and was put in.what is known as the Vet- these appointments than sympathy. Here is the proof of this as- eran Reserve Corps, where only wounded officers could go. sertion: In 1870, because the Army seemed to be larger than necessary, The retirement of Brigadier-General Shafter alone was made he was consolidated with the Fourteenth United States Infantry the occasion for the appointment of five brigadiers. General and. put on the active list notwithstanding his severe wounds. Shafter was retired October 16, 1899, and on the sam.e day General While he wa~ a. lieutenant he was in a regiment where promotions Pennington was made a brigadier and retired on the next day, were not rapid and lost the advantage of promotion, but finally and on the same day of his retirement General Frank was made a he got to be a colonel. If he had been made a colonel as others 1 brigadier, and he, too, retired before he got his uniform warm; 3322 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26, and the same is true as to Gen. L. H. Carpenter, General Oven­ that the great party that sits upon this side of the House is opposed, shine, and General Burke. · heart and soul, to militarism and to a large standing army in time Mr. LITTLE. Does my friend mean to say to the Honse that of peace. While the expressions "militarism " and "large stand­ appointments and retirements were made daily for five days in ing army" are used somewhat loosely and are defined in various succession? . ways, gentlemen, with very few exceptions, are agreed on the ne­ Mr. JETT. · That is just what I mean, and all done upon one cessity of the maintenance of a standing army of some sort and of vacancy created by the retirement of General Shafter. some size in time of peace, but gentlemen differ as to the sort and Again, by noticing the list of appointments it will be seen that size of the standing army. Some are in the habit of fixing an four major-generals were appointed and three retired upon the arbitrary maximum, and, having fixed it, of saying that this vacancy· made by the retirement of General Ruger, and these maximum represents liberty, but that the addition of one private three retirements were made within a period of fourteen days. soldier to the maximum means militarism and a large standing Was all this the occasion of sympathy alone, or is it the act of a army. . shrewd and experienced politician? I am constrained to say that Some gentlemen say that a five-year enlistment means militar­ it was the act of the latter. ism, while a three-year enlistment means liberty. I trust that I Again, Mr. Chairman, it can not be said that these numerous will not be considered presumptuous if I submit my own defini­ appointments were necessitated by the Philippine or Spanish war. tion. I think that a large standing army and that militarism These events caused no increase in the generals of the Regular mean the maintenance in time of peace of one enlisted man or of A.l'my. The increased requirements were met by the appointment one officer more than is necessary to form a nucleus for mobiliza­ of volunteer officers. tion in time of war. No one feels a sincerer admiration than do I In conclusion, let me say that we have here the appointment of for the gallantry of our volunteer soldiers. No one appreciates 27 brigadiers to a corps of active officers restricted to 6; in all, 41 more than I the spirit of self-sacrifice, the spirit of heroism, which appointments within three years. I do not believe that the peo­ has always actuated them when the country has been in need; ple's money should be so trifled away by the Administration. but an army of volunteers is of little use, unless time is given to Many easy places have been made that command additional pay, organize the regiments. During our civil war, after they bad which must come from the people. been seasoned, our volunteers made as magnificent troops as the Mr. Chairman, this is not all. The policy adopted is calculated world bas eve.r seen. But the organization and the seasoning of to and is building up an a.ristocracy in the Army. It creates rank raw troops requires time, and modern wars are fought so quickly and increased salary, both of which are calculated to build up an that were we to be attacked to-morrow by any of the first-class aristocracy. This is contrary to the institutions of our country, powers of continental Europe we would find ourselves almost and I am unalterably opposed to it. ' · helpless to beat off the enemy for a sufficient length of time to Mr. Chairman, I have not intended to be harsh about· these permit of the organization of a volunteer army. things, but have stated what the records will show upon investi­ I do not favor a; large standing army in time of peace; I do not gation, and my sole object fa view is to call the attention of the believe in government by injunction, nor do I believe in using House to this wholesale making of appointments and retirements United States troops for police duty which can be performed as that the m9mbers might be in possession of the facts. This man­ well by the organized militia of the several States; but I do be­ ner of taking care of political friends and henchmen at the ex­ lieve in the maintenance of a standing army in time of peace large pense of the taxpayers I do not believe will be approved of by the enough, and no larger, to be expanded in time of war to make a people. (Applause.] If this policy is to be pursued in the future first line of defense · strong enough to hold off a foreign enemy as it has been during the last three years, the item of $1,173,000 until the volunteers can be organized to constitute the second that is carried in this bill for the payment of retired officers will line. Our Army can only be a nucleus, but a nucleus sufficiently in future bills have to be much increased. I thank the commit­ elastic and sufficiently mobile to permit of automatic expansion. tee for their attention: [Applause.] If I am right in this opinion-if I am sound in my objection to Mr. McCLELLAN. I desire to thank my friend the chairman the spirit of militarism and to a large standing army-the prob­ of the Committee on Military Affairs [Mr. HULL] for his invari-· lem to be solved in Army reorganization is clearly defined. It is able courtesy in yielding time to me. ' this: What shall be the organization of our Army so as to allow The CHAIRMAN. How much time did the gentleman yield? the maintenance of a minimum of troops in time of peace and to . Mr. McCLELLAN. I understood the gentleman from Iowa permit of a maximum of expansion in time of war? In discuesing [Mr. HOLL] to yield an hour to me. this subject we must consider our existing establishment; its I do not propose to make a political speech, but I desire to ad­ strength and its defects; suggestions that have been made for its · dress myself exclusively to the subject of the reorganization of improvement, and then compare existing conditions with the per­ the United States Army. I know that it is a ~:l.ry subject and not fect solution of the problem I have suggested. popular. Gentlemen who have not devoted any time to its con­ There are before the Committee on Military Affairs two bills sideration are, as a rule, not interested in it; especially in time of for Ai·my reorganization; the bill introduced by the chairman of peace. The Regular Army is too often looked upon as a mere the Committee.on Military Affairs, which represents the views of machino and chattel of the Government, that should be kept as the Secretary of War, and the bill introduced by myself, which is much as possible out of sight until actual necessity occurs for its the result of years of patient' study and of consultation with the use. The United States Navy is by far more popular and closer leading authorities of our Army. It has been drafted with the to the affections of the people. Possibly Kipling s homely lines purpose of providing a small standing army capable of great ex­ fit our case· as well as that of his own country: pansion in time of war, and has been based upon the present size For it's Tommy this, and it's Tommy that, and it's "Chuck him out, the' of the Regular Army, although the total enlisted strength pro· brute!" vided could be either reduced or increased without injury to the But it's " the savior of his country" when the guns begin to shoot. · principle involved. . We have a term of endearmentfor theenlistedmanof theNavy. The first annual report of the new Secretary of War showed Who has not heard.Jacky's praises sung, and who has failed to that its author was a man who had brought to the study of the do honor to Jacky's pluck and Jacky's valor, and yet so little is question of Army reorganization a strong mind and a clear in­ our enlisted· man of the Army thought of that we have not even tellect. Mr. Root and I are as far apart politically as the two paii him the compliment that Great Britain has of conferring poles. I absolutely dissent from the conclusions of the political upon him any term of endearment whatsoever. " Its savior of his part of his report, but in all fairness I wish to bear testimony to country when the.guns begin to shoot; " but if the enlisted man of the wisdom with which he handles purely military questions. the Army, if the regular, is to be his country~s savior, we must Such being the ca-se, it was to have been expected that the bill make it possible for him to accomplish "that salvation. · sent by the Secretary to both Houses of Congress would fiave For five years I have stood in my' place on this floor, session after sought to accomplish the objects recommended in the Secretary's session, urging with all the slight strength that is in me the neces­ report. ' sity of a reorganization of the United States Army, and session When I first glanced over the Root bill it struck me as being after session I have spoken and I have worked, only to see my hopes most excellent, but I regret to say that the oftener I read it and the blighted and to see a continuance of a policy of " laissez aller, more I study it the less I like it; so that I am now convinced that laissez faire" that, however wise in' theoretical socialism, certainly unless it is radically amended and almost recast, its passage would does not conduce to the welfare of the United States Army. make conditions, already bad, even worse. Should the bill come In speaking for a reorganization, I appreciate that I am speaking before the House. I shall discuss it in detail. I trust that it will to a limited audience. I know that, directly, I represent a little come before the House amended so that I can give it my hearty constituency composed of the officers of the United States Army, and enthusiastic support. who have given this subject lifelong thought and lifelong study, In justice to those gontlemen upon the floor who are not in the but in a broader sense I know that I speak for a vast constituency; -habit of studying military questions, I wish at this time to briefly one composed of every patriotic man in this country, of every point out the chief defects in the Root bill. Although containing American who is interested in his country's welfare. many sections, the Root bill may be divided into five parts accord­ We have all of us heard the cry of militarism. We all know ing to the objects sought to be accomplished. That part which •

1900. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3323

refers to the reorganization of the artillery I will discuss further provisions in the Root bill making promotion -..an.d details upon on when I reach the general subject of artillery organization. the service record of officers is to reward the officers now serving That part which abolishes post chaplains and creates regimental with the volunteer regiments, the theory being that the officers chaplains is excellent so far as it goes and needs no comment from who have been given increased volunteer-rank are the best officers me. I may say in passing that it only provides chaplains for the in the United States Army and that it would be ignominious for ·cavalry and infantry and excludes the artillery from the benefit them, after the muster out of the volunteer.regiments, ·to return of religion. Theotherthreepartsof the billprovide,respectively, to their original rank in the regulars. under the Root bill it for detail to the so-called "staff " departments for promotion and would be possible to prbmQte a captain now serving as a lieu­ for the transfer of duties from one so-called "staff" department tenant-colonel or colonel of volunteers to the grade of colonel of to another. regulars in a very few months. I do not question that the regu­ The bill provides that all officers now in the so-called "staff" lar officers serving with our volunteer regiments are as good as departments, with some few exceptions, shall return to the colors any other officers in the Army, but I do question if their superior for one year in every five. Thisisa mostexcellentprovision, in so talents would have been discovered without the assistance of the far as the Adjutant-General's, Inspector-General's, and Ordnance divining rod of some Senaiior or Representative, and I do question Departments are concerned. It provides further that the Presi­ the justice of confining the benefit of promotion and of staff dent may summarily retire at any time the chief of any "staff" detail to them because they -have·been fortunate enough to have department who holds a permanent appointment and select his influence ·behind them. successor from the Army at large. Of course it is claimed that · We know that favoritism has greatly injured the efficiency of no President will ever make a selection that is not a proper one. our service. This bill will make mattel's infinitely worse, for its . This power virtually permits the President to retire any one of benefits will not only be confined exclusively to the officers of the our departmental chiefs and ·fill bis place by the appointment of volunteer regiments, but it will put into the hands of the Presi­ the junior second lieutenant of the Army if he sees fit. The as­ dent a power over the administration of the War Department, over sumption that no President will ever make an improper appoint­ promotions, transfers, and retirements in the United States Army, ment is equivalent to saying that our Presidents are not human second only to that at present held by the German Emperor. and not liable to error. It gives to the President of the United While I am perfectly confident that in most-cases our Presidents States a power unheard of in the history of our country. Details would not misuse that-power, we must remember that our Presi­ to the staff departments are in the future to be made for a period dents in almost every case are cfvilians and politicians, -and that - of fqnr years by assignment of officers according to their servic~ the institutions of our country and _the sentiments.of our people records, and every third promotion to the grade of field officer is will never willingly permit Con~ress to make the President of the to be made by the President in the same manner, according to tlle United States an irresponsible and supreme War Lord. service records of our officers. Mr. STEELE. Will the gentleman allow me an interruption? Now, the full meaning of these assignment and promotion sec­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I amglad tohavethegentlemaninterrupt tions can only be understood when we know what an officer's serv­ me. ice record is. I hold in my hand two forms of blanks used in Mr. STEELE. What recommendation would the gentleman making up an officer ~ s service record; one ·is the officer's individ­ m ~ke? - ual report, made out by himself, in which he states the duty he Mr. McCLELLAN. I shaU state that as I come to it, if the has performed durmg the year, which is a matter of record; patience of the House will last. whether he is married or single, the number of his minor children, Mr. STEELE. Then I will not ask-the gentleman to do it now. and the studies he has pursued during the previous year, the num­ · Mr. McCLELLAN. I will state now that I should promote in ber of foreign languages he can speak and translate, his business the line as at present, and to the general staff by competitive experience, the books he has written or published, essays that he examination from the Army at large. has prepared, lectures that he has delivered or the papers he has Even those of us who have not made Army organization a spe­ read. Modest as ·our officers are, it has been found in practice cial study are aware that conditions in our so-cailed "staff" de­ that they have a flattering opinion of their own knowledge a.nd partments are not by any manner-of means what they ought to be. ability when required to submit it to their superior officers: I have so often discussed the defects in our administrative organ­ The other blank that I bold is that which is made out and filed ization that I will not again weary. the House by any long state­ with the officer's individual report by that officer's commanding ment upon the subject, contenting myself with summarizing the officer. It gives a statement of the duties he has performed. his faults of our administration in the War Department. All the habits· and general conduct, his professional zeal, condition of the faults, the weaknesses,· and the shortcomings that have been ap­ men under him, his capacity for command, and whether be is pa_rent for many years can be traced directly to a defective system. qualified for the position he fills. It has been found byexperience There is lack of responsibility; there is divided responsibility; that our commanding officers, like their juniors, are only human, there is no responsible military head of the Army, and withQut and are unwilling, except in flagrant cases, to report otherwise responsibility there can be no harmony of action and no general than in a kindly and considerate way of their subordinates; in accord in results. The immediate effect of divided responsibility fact, that the commanding officers report is but little more than is wastefulness and extravagance in administration and inefficiency a perfunctory indorsement of the officer's own estimation of him­ in organization. · self. It is customary to call our so-called "staff" departments the Mr. STEELE. May I interrupt the gentleman there? "general staff," but-in the sense in which we employ the expres­ Mr. McCLELLAN. Certainly. sion it is absolutely meaningless. The words "general staff" Mr. STEELE. Are not the reports made each year~ -mean the staff of the general, and not a universal staff. Its misuse Mr. McCLELLAN. They are. comes from an incorrect understanding of the German words. Mr. STEELE. So you have a chronological report? The German general staff is called the ''General Stab," which, as Mr. McCLELLAN. Certainly, so far as it goes. I say, means the_staff of the genernl. Its application to our sup­ I may call attention to the fact that no method is employed for ply departments is erroneous and has come from translating the verifying the service record of an officer, except his duty record, word "general" as though it were the word "allgemein." The by either examination or careful investigation. It therefore correct expression in German for our so-called ·•general staff" comes to this, that the real service record of .an officer depends on would be" Allgemeine Intendantur ,"or the universal intendance, the duty performed by him during the year previous to the filing or the universal business management, or general business man­ of his report, and that therefore an officer who has seen active agement, if you like. When this is kept in mind it will be seen service will necessarily have a vast advantage over one who has how absurd it is to speak of our supply departments, our intencl­ not. 'l'ake two officers in the United States Army-for the sake ance, as the" general staff." of argument, two captains-one, who graduated from the Acad­ We have no general st.aff, no military brain to assist the gen­ emy, we will say, five years before the other and who stopd far eral commanding, whoever he may be, in the militaryproblems he higher in his class than the other, remains- with his battery on is called npon to solve. The Secretary of War, thoroughly real­ garrison duty at one of the fortifications upon our coast, while izing existing conditions in our so-called " staff " departments, bas the other officer, in whom his Senator has discovere!l signs of begun the organizatio~ of what he calls a war college, but which marked genius, is commissioned a lieutenant-colonel in one of when complete will be nothing more and nothing less than one of our volunteer regiments serving in the Philippines. He does his the sections of the Prussian general staff. Our Adjutant-Gen­ duty there, for, thank God, every officer of the United States Army eral's Department, with the military information division and t.he does his duty [applause] , but at the end of the year his service war college, will by indirection become a general staff. record is s:> much better than that of his unknown comrade serv­ The Secretary's-bill contemplates the mere assignment of offi­ ing with the great guns that he must necessarily be preferred for cers to the general staff for a period of .four years, after which detail to one of the so-called "staff" depal'tments, or for promo­ they are to return to the line for at least one year, with no assur­ tion under the terms of the Root bill, to his less fortunate brother, ance that they will ever be reassigned to the staff, and provides, who may be tbe better officer. as I have said, t)lat these details shall be· made upon the service It is conceded perfectly frankly that the purpose underlying the records of the officers so detailed. -

·- 3324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26,

A general staff, to be effective, must be composed of the very of transportation. Accordingly in the McClellan bill an equip­ flower of the Army, and its members must devote their lives to the ment corps is created which furnishes all equipments for the study of that particnlar branch of the profession to which they Army, and the Quartermast~r's Department is confined strictly belong. If it is to be anything but a parody of the name it must to transport and train service. be composed of officers possessing the greatest intelligence, the In view of the constantly increasing need of trained officers and greatest brain power, the greatest knowledge of their profession; in view of the necessity for more officers for the Army, the McClel-. and not of the officers possepsing the greatest pull. It should be Ian bill increases the corps of cadets to more than double its pres4 composed of a small body of officers, permanently belonging to ent size by giving to each Congressional district 2 instead of 1, the corps, selected by competition and promoted after rigorous and to each State at large 2, and to each Territory 1, and permits and searching examinations, who, to keep in touch with the the President to appoint 10 at large each year. It is thought that troops, must be returned to the colors for service in their respec­ the Army will readily absorb this increase. Should it not, the tive grades every few years. graduates of the Academy for whom no vacancies exist can return The Root bill does not abolish the Inspector-General's Depart­ to civil life benefited by a military education and be ready to ment. While this department is composed of some of the best serve their country in time of war in volunteer regiments. officers in our Army. I do not doubt that under its present organ­ The Root bill offers no improvement in the organization of the ization it is well-Irigh nseless. During the late Spanish war line of our Army with the exception of the artillery. The line of almost every regular in that department was commissioned to the theArmynowconsists of the battalion of engineers, the infantry, command of troops, and its most important functions were per­ the cavalry, and the artillery. It is a rigid, inelastic organization, formed, or rather not performed, by volunteers, who! necessarily, capable of absolutely no expansion and possessing no mobility. were ignorant of its requirements. Under the present system an There are a fixed number of units all recruited to the maximum, officer who has served in the infantry is detailed to inspect for­ which maximum can not be exceeded successfully. In discussing tress artillery, of which he can not possibly have any knowledge, the several branches of the so-called ''line," I will speak of them in and a fortress artilleryman is detailed to inspect cavalry, of which the usual Euroyean order. he is probably equally ignorant. Inspections should be made, as Engineer troops can not be organized quickly. We should in every continental army, by officers detailed from that branch maintain them in time of peace upon a war footing, for the duties of the service which they are called upon to inspect. So that the of the enlisted men are so complicated that recruits are of little talent and the intellect of our present Inspector-General's Depart­ value until they have served two years. The unit of organization ment may not be wasted, its personnel should be absorbed in the of the engineers should be the company. It is very excei>tional . general staff. when more than one company serves with any body of troops. The Root bill does not propose any change in the Ordnance De­ The Root bill proposes a radical reorganization of the artillery. partment, and proposes to permit a continuance of the present Recognizing the fact that most of the points which we are called curious system by which one department designs and manufac­ upon to defend, while very numerous, require comparatively tures munitions of war, while another branch of the service is small garrisons in time of peace, it establishes the battery as the called upon to employthiswarmaterial without having any voice in unit of organization and consolidates the officers of artillery into its design or construction. Officers of the Ordnance Department one corps of artillery. The unit of organization in the French are in the habit of saying that for a period of eleven years in the and German armies is the battalion; but it must be remembered early part of the century the artillery manufactured war material, that the points there to be defended consist chiefly of fortresses of and that the system proved so defective that the country returned to the first, second, and third classes> and that their garrisons are an independent ordnance department. Granted that this is true, it kept very near war strength in time of peace. is merely a reflection upon the personnel of United States officers It should be remembered that fortress artillery is in no sense a seventy-five years ago, and not a reflection upon the system that part of the field army. The field batteries of course serve in the is in force in every army on earth but our own. Ordnance officers field, but the units of fortress artillery serve constantly in fortifi­ are in the habit of saying that if they are required to return from cations. Their number should not be considered in estimating time to time for service with troops, as provided in the Root bill, the total strength of our Army, for from the very nature of their they will forget that peculiar knowledge of scientific subjects duties they can not be considered as a part of the field army. The which they claim to possess~ If the practical application of work of the fortress artilleryman is that of a machinist caring for what they have learnedorsupposed to have learned will unfit our and handling complicated and delicate pieces of machinery. The ordnance officers for the practice of their profession, the sooner we stations ai·e invariably far from the cities, usually most unattract­ abolish the Ordnance Corps or the sooner we get a different set of ively situated, and even in action the work more closely resem­ officers the better for the service. bles that of the engineer force on a man-of-war than that of a The Root bill continues the high rank of our various supply, cavalryman in the field. It is hard work, unromantic work, dis­ pay, and legal officers, and, with the exception of the Judge-Ad­ agreeable work, with poor pay, with no glory, with no chance of vocate's corps, details them in the same manner that it proposes advancement or promotion even in time of war, with no satisfac­ for the general staff. Personally, I believe that the possession of tion except that which comes to every honest man who knows rank by the medical officers, supply officers, and paymasters is that he has done his duty well, no matter how inconspicuous or an absurdity. They are noncombatant, and their functions are humble that duty may have been. purely administrative; they are the, various component parts of a We have had great difficulty in recruiting artillerymen and still great department store, of which the Army is the sole customer. greater difficulty in obtaining the proper kind of men for noncom­ They should have relative rank only, but I have begun to believe missioned officers. The noncom.missioned officer of fortress artil4 that the giving of relative rank to our paymasters and our com­ lery must be a good mathematician, well versed in algebra and missaries is an iridescent dream which will only be realized in trigonometi'y, and, what is more, he must constantly study. It is that millenirium when officers cease to be politicians, when pulls needless to say that with the ridiculous pay that we have given cease to exist. them it is impossible or well-nigh impossible to get the men we The duties of supply officers and paymasters being purely ad­ ought to have. The pay of the fortress artillery should be the ministrative and clerical, do not require that these officers should same as that of enlisted men in the engineer battalion. serve with troops otherwise than in their ·proper functions, in the Mr. SLAYDEN. Will the gentleman allow me an interrup­ discharge of which they never deal directly with the men consti­ tion? tuting the Army, but only with the supplies furnished to the men. Mr. McCLELLAN. Certainly. Ourpresentestablishmentfailstodrawanygeneraldistinctionbe­ Mr. SLAYDEN. So far as I aminformedofthematter,Ifavor tween combatants and noncombatants. The distinction is clearly the proposition to increase the artillery to the extent of properly defined. Combatant officers should have absolute rank and non­ caring for the guns and coast-defense works, but I would like to combatant relative rank only. The Ac1jutant-General's Depart­ have the gentleman tell me if it is not possible for men from the ment, the Inspector-General's Department, the Corps of Engi­ infantry line to be assigned to the work of taking care of these neers are all composed of officers who are combatant, while the guns;and would they not be able to do it as well as the artillery4 Medical Department and the supply departments are composed men? of officers who are purely noncombatant. Officers of engineers Mr. McCLELLAN. If permanently assigned, they would be­ are as clearly line officers in the sense that line officers mean com­ come fortress artillerymen, but the gentleman must bear in mind batant officers as are officers of the cavalry or of the infantry. that an artilleryman must have an excellent knowledge of alge­ The Root bill offers no relief to the present overworked condi­ bra and trigonometry, and he must study night and day. We tion of the Quartermaster's Department. The Quartermaster's have great difficulty in getting fortress artillerymen. We can not Department is to-day the hardest worked and one of the most keep them. You could assign them, but you would have to make efficient of our so-called ''stafI" departments. The commission their assignment permatlent. which investigated the conduct of the war commented upon this Mr. SLAYDEN. Do I understand the gentleman to say that fact and suggested the creation of a new" staff" department to be these noncommissioned officers serving as artillerymen of coast called the equipment department, and recommended that the defense must have a good knowledge of the advanced mathe4 Quartermaster's Department be confined to its legitimate duties matics? · 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3325

Mr. McCLELLAN. Certainly. each battery to serve onlyduring the war. The manner in whkh Mr. SLAYDEN. How do you expect to get them? this would operate is as follows: Assuming that war is declared, Mr. McCLELLAN. We do not get them. Go into any fortifi- the President directs the mobilization of the additional 100 bat- cation, and what do you find? An 8-inch gun covered with grease teries. Thirty trained men are detailed from each of the 200 peace and tarpaulin and two or three men cutting grass and making batteries to the 100 new batteries, giving an average of 60 trained paths, but not handling the guns. men to each battery. All of the 300 batteries are then increased Mr. CLAYTON of New York. I want to say to the gentleman by the addition of 60 recruits to each batt~ry, which is the propor­ from New York that down in my district, at Fort Hamilton, they tion of recruits that can be absorbed without friction. My bill do not have time to cut the grass, and there are not enough there provides for 3 officers for each of the 200 peace batteries. The ad- to keep the guns cared for. · dition of 300 temporary second lieutenants will permit of the detail Mr. McCLELLAN. Certainly; that bears out what I say. of first lieutenants to the command of the 100 new batteries, dis- The number of men reQuired to man our seacoast defenses is a tributing the temporary lieutenants among all of the 300 batteries. mere question of arithmetic-that is, assuming that we wish to The Root bill provides for 18 batteries of field artillery, pre­ man our seacoast defenses and not continue the present policy of sumably of 6 guns, as at present. We have to-day only 14 bat- - treating our costly guns as so much old metal, so much junk, only teries of 6 guns each, which gives us only 84 guns in all, sufficient for the scrap heap. Everyman detailed to a seacoast gun has his in time of peace, but inadequate in time of war. In the Mc­ duties clearly defined. In serving a gun there must be one man Clellan bill the usual European organization has been followed or two men or three men, as the case may be, for each particular and 24 batteries of field artillery at 120 men each are provided, · part of the operation of firing the gun. Thus, as an example, let each of 4 guns, while in time of war 2 guns would be added to us take the 10-inch disappearing rifle. There must be 1 gun com- each battery and the enlisted -strength raised t.o 180 men each, mander, 1gunner,7 in the breech detail, 2 in the traversing detail, giving in peace 96 guns and in war 144 guns. The proportion of 2 in the lifting detail, 2 in the charge detail, 1 ammunition ser- guns to men required by modern science is 1 gun to every 1,000 geant, 2 in the cartridge-room detail, 4 in the shell-room detail, 2 men, although the Germans have in recent years far exceeded in the hoist detail, 1 in the platform detail, 1 telephone man, 1 that number. Under the present establishment we have 84 guns dial-telegraph man, 2 for the battery-position-finder detail, 2 for to 65,000 men, more than the required proportion, but with no the relocator and main range finder, making a total of 31 men for method of increasing the number in time of war. Under the each 10-inch gun, which only furnishes one shift with which to Root bill 108 guns are provided in the peace establishment, but serve the gun and furnishes no additional men for special duty, with no possibility of expansion, while in the McClellan bill 96 for cooks, orderlies, etc. guns are provided in time of peace and 144 in time of war, both Gentlemen who have not seen great gunnery drill do not realize large enough for probable contingencies. the enormous physical work involved in rapid-fire practice. It The cavalry, as at present organized, consists of 10 regiments of bas been found that at the end of fifteen minutes one gun shift will. 12 troops, each organized into 3 squadrons and recruited up to the be complete1y exhausted. In time of war there must be at least maximum, giving us a total cavalry force of 12,74.0. For some two shifts for every gun. Now, these being the facts, to get at the unknown reason there are 3 establishments. Twenty-four sqnad­ total number of men required in time of peace for our fortress rons consisting of 401 men each, 3 squadrons of 454 men each, and artillery it is only necessary to take the number of guns of each 3 squadrons of 481 men each. The squadi·on is the real unit of kind that have been mounted or are about to be mounted and organization, for it is the real battle unit, cavalry seldom serving multiply·them by the number or men rnquired for each shift for in modern warfare in larger units than squadrons. Owing to our one gun, a mere matter of multiplication. peculiar position we have been taught by experience that in time Now, for each of the 4-inch and 5-inch rapid fires, 14 men are of war we need a far larger proportion of cavalry than do Enro­ required; for each of our 6-inch rapid fires, 19 men; for each of pean armies. Our present organization will not permit of an in­ our 8-inch rifles mounted in barbette, 29 men; for each 10-inch crease in the cavalry except by the organization of new regiments rifle mounted in barbette, 31 men; for each 12-inch rifle mounted and squadrons, which necessarily will not be as efficient as regu­ in barbette or on gun lift, 36 men; for each 8-inch rifle, disappearing lars until many months after organization. carriage, 29 men; for each 10-inch rifle, disappearing carriage, 31 The usual European organization in time of peace is a certain men; for each 12-inch rifle, disappearing carriage, 39 men; for number of field squadrons-two, three, or four, as the case may egch 12-inch mortar, 24 men; for each 15-pounder, 13 men; for each be-and a depot squadron having a full complement of officers, 6-pounder, 8 men. · but only a detail of enlisted men. This organization has been fol- Now, we have mounted to-day at eighty-eight points upon our lowed in the McClellan bill. The total number of enlisted men on coast, seventy 4-inch and 5-inch rapid fires; thirty-seven 6-inch a peace basis for the cavalry therein provided is 10!515, or some­ rapid fires; eight 8-inch rifles, mounted in barbette; ten 10-inch what less than the present establishment. It is organized, how­ rifles, mounted in barbette; thirty-two 12-inch rifles, mounted in ever, into 15 regiment.s instead of 10, each regiment consisting, in barbetteandongunlifts; sixty-four8-inchrifles, disappearing car- time of peace, of two field squadrons and a depot squadron, the riages; one hundred and eight 10-inch rifles, disappearingcarriages; latter to be mobilized in time of war and the squadrons to be in­ :fifty-four 12-inch rifles, disappearing carriages; three hundred and creased from 332 each to 680, the depot squadrons to be mobilized forty-three 12-inch mortars; one hundred and twenty 15-pounders; by transfer from the field squadrons, and all the squadrons in­ andseventy6-pounders,makingatotalofninehundredand twenty- creased by the enlistment of recruits. In time of peace the depot two guns, which would require, for one shift each, 20,987 men. squadron would drill recruits and purchase and train the re­ But there have been contracted for and will be mounted in two mounts, purchases being now made not very satisfactorily by the years five hundred and thirteep. gu~s in addition, requiring an Quartermaster's Department. additional force of 13,662 men, or making a total of guns mounted I know that there is a deep-seated prejudice in favor of the three­ and ordered of one thousand four hundred and thirty-five, requir- battalion organization for the infantry regiments. Until com­ ing, for one shift each, 34,649 men. I will append to my remarks paratively recently leading military authoritias considered the a table which I have prepared, showing the number of guns of regiment the unit of organization, but the trend of modern sci­ each kind mounted and ordered and the number of men required ence has been to displace the regiment in favor of the battalion as for each gun for each position. the real unit, not only of organization, but as the battle unit as The Secretary of War has asked for less than 18,000 men for our well. The regiment is treated more as an administrative unit for artillery, including fortress and field batteries, but proposes to ob- the purpose of economizing officers. In the Austro-Hungarian tain the increased number by transfer from the infantry and cav- army the infantry regiment in time of war consists of four bat­ alry regiments. It will probably be possible to get on with this talions, with economy as the principal object in view. Our own number at the present time, but there is no question but that the War Department has followed the trend of modern thought, and immediate future will require more men. The Secretary does not, we are bringing back to-day from the Philippines battalions and however, provide for any expansion of our artillery force in time not regiments, the battalion having become in practice the real of war. As I have pointed out, where one gun shift will suffice in unit. time of peace, we must have two-in time of war. In support of this view of the case it is only necessary for me Military authorities say that the maximum of recruits that can to refer to two of the greatest military authorities who have ever be absorbed by a minimum of trained troops in the artille1·y is 60 written on line organization, names which will ca1Ty conviction recruits by 60 trained troops; that the maximum of men that can with every student of the subject, Maj. Fritz Hoenig, of the be handled by 3 officers in fortress artillery is 120, but that there Prussian army, and Gen. Lieut. Z. D. von A. von Witzleben. will be more efficient fire control and better fire discipline if the The latter insists in his standard book, Heerwesen und Infanter­ proportion is 3 officers to 90 men. iedienst des deutschen Reichsheeres, that the battalion is the true In the bill that I have introduced I think the problem of artil- infantry unit and should be made so for administrative purposes lery expansion is nearly solved. The bill provides for 200 batteries as well as battle tactics. In the bill I have introduced 30 regi­ in time of :peace of 90 men each, and permits the President in time men ts of infantry are provided, each consisting of 2 field battal­ of war to mcrease the number to 300 batteries at 120 men each; ions and 1 depot battalion, the latter to be used for the training and further allows him to appoint additional second lieutenants for of recruits, or 90 battalions to be mobilized in time of war in the ,

3326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--.HOUSE. MAROH 26,- .

same manner that I have suggested for the cavalry. This pr6:.. interest of our people will be sufficiently nroused to force Congress vides in time of peace for 27,180 men, as against 37,046, under the from its lethargy into activity in Army ·matters. If any feeble present establishment, but permits of an....expansion in time of effort of mine, if any words that I may have spoken, will sooner war to i3,020 without the slightest possible friction. or later help in the accomplishment of my purpose, I shall feel that To summarize, the existing establishment of the line of our Army my work has not been in vain. [Applause.] - permits of no expansion in time of war. The Root bill does not better existing conditions. The McClellan bill, on the contrary, APPENDIX. provides a small standing army capable of being almost trebled TABLE A.-Showing the number of pieces of ordnance /01· the fortress artillery in size in the event:of war. Under that bill a total of 65,000 men is mounted, and contracted for, for 88 points on the coast of the Uni tea States, provided in time of peace, of which 63,143 are combatant and and the number of men t·equired to man them in time ofp eace. 44,627 constitute the field army. In time of war it is capable of s.;.o t.b being automatically expanded, without friction and with the addi­ Cl)·- '3 tion in office1·s of only temporary second lieutenants, to a total of 'C ~.µ .s 8gg i:G ell ~ ~ 150,920, of which 149,0m~ are combatant and of which 112,547 con­ i:l f'-4 ~ R 96 '"'J..o ;:: i:l .a ;:: stitute the field army, with guns in time of peace numbering '3~a aS ai "J:: ; Cl). cS ai +> i+> cS Cl) Cl) and in time of war 144, larger than the proportion required by mod­ P,IXI +> ~ Cl) s.: ~~:;:i Cl) a> Po p,J.. +> p, p, Po cS ern science. tici .0 .0 p. Po +> Iii cn.!i4 .0 J.. cS J...... cS. cS l1J 0 The lack of interest in the service and the lack of popularity of the ·~~ .... o cS '"' .m Cl) rl re- aS .0 ..c.e $ ;a 'ti 'ti'"' Cl) soldier among the people is sought to be remedied in my bill by Ter­ Ag~ p. .0'"' ;::l 'ti a i:l 'ti .g ~ ~ i:l ~~ .g -5 i:l .g .g 0 0 l=:l p ritorial recruitment of the various regiments, the regiments and -5~'3 t>O i:l i:l 0 ca i:li:l .E .s 0 +> batteries being assigned among the different States and Te1Titories .S...i<.E ...... E ~ ·~~ .E 0 l?o p, 0 ..,jc tb 00 f'-4 ~ co f'-4 ~ ~ ~ th 8 as nearly as possible in proportion to population and according to - ,_ local facilities for furnishing men and animals. Thus, for exam­ - ----·------ple, the depots of the various cavalry regiments and of the field Gun commander_ 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 ------Gunner...... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -····· artillery batteries would be in the horse-raising States, while the Breech detail •... 5 4 4 6 8 5 7 9 4 3 1 .....• depots of the fortress artillery batteries would be in the seaboard Traversingdetail -----·- ··-·- 2 2 2 2 2 2 ·-·--- -- =------·- States, and the infantry depots would be distributed where re­ Elevating detaiL ··------·· ~ ~ 2 2 2 2 ····-· ------··· Charge detail . --- 4 e '.I " 6 2 2 4 4 4 2 ----·. cruitment would be most facilitated. The Territorial method of Ammunition ser- 1 recruitment has invariably been found to be the most successful. 1 1 1 1 Volunteer regiments raised in one locality are always more effi­ cfrtriJge-detaff~ 1 } 1 1 l 2 l } l l :::::: cient than volunteer regiments recruited at large. There is a local Shell-room detail ------~ 4 4 5 ~ 4 5 3 1 --- -····· Hoist detail ...... ·--·--·---·- 2 2 2 2 2 4 .••••• ·------···-·· pride and popularity extending to the home regiment. Recruit­ Platform detail __ --·------­ , l 1 1 1 l . _____ ·------·-·· ment is more rapid, for young men are far more willing to enlist Telerhone men__ 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 __ _ --·-·· when sure of finding their schoolmates in the same regiment or Di a telegraph men !----- ·--··· -···-·- 1 1 1 1 1 1 company. Proportion f o r ) ) -·------··-- battery posi- The inducements for good service are greatly increased, while tion finder for desertion becomes almost unknown. The eyes of the people at one gun ·--- ____ --·--·· ····- 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 _____ -- - ·-···· home are constantly on the regiment, following its ups and downs Proportion for reloca.tor and and watching its history and the records of the individuals com· main range posing it. So that the enlisted strength of 1·egiments may not finder----··--·------_____ 2 2 2 2 2 2 l ______•••••• become undisciplined from association with home surroundings, a proviso is added to this section that in no case shall any com­ Total_ .••.•. --U1}92i} 31 oo29aioo 24 ~S== pany, troop, or battery be stationed in the State or Territory where ---.-- ~--,, =-===-- 1---,~-- I ======recruited for a longer period than one year out of every five·. T ::i~~tecf_~-~-~- 7U ;fl 8 10 32 64 108 M 343 120 76 ~ It bas been my purpose in drafting this bill to suggest a method Total m en re­ quired·----·--·· 98( 700 2323101, 1521, 856 3, 348 2, 006 8, 2321, 560 608 20, 981 by which our Army may be made efficient and by which it may Total guns or· be brought closer to the people. dered ______-·-· 2li 35 ------81 95 47 230 ·---· --· 513 I trust that I have not unduly imposed upon the good nature of Total men re­ quired .. ·-··---· 35(] 66.5 ------·-- 2,3492,94.51,833 5,520 ----- ___ 13,662 the House in my frequent speeches upon the subject of Army re­ Total guns organization; but, Mr. Chairman, it is a subject very near my mounted and heart, for I am a soldier's son, and it is one that, in my judg­ ordered------­ 95 7ll 8 10 32 145 :m 101 573 120 76 1, 435 ment, is of such vast, such overwhelming importance that it is the Total men re· 1, soc 1, 368 ~ 310 1, 152 4, 205 6, 293 3, 83913, 7521, 560 608 34, 649 duty of every man, of every American who by inclination or by quired .••. --···- accident may know a little more of the subject than his fellows, N OTE.-The plan of the so-called "Endicott Board" provided for 4.69 8-inch. to spare no effort and to spare no work, to write and to speak, day 10-inch, and 12-inch rifles, 982 12-inch mortars, 642 rapid fires; in all, 2,000 after day and year after year, in the hope that. sooner or later the pieces of ordnance, to be distributed at lll4 points in Zl harbors.

TABLE B.-Showing distribution of enlisted men of United States Army under the McClellan bill and under present establishrnent. Establishment proposed by the McClellan bill. Present establishment. Peace. War.

Combatant force. Engineers .•...•••••.• --···- 24 companies of 164: men each_ 3, 936 24 compa..nies of164: men each_ 3,936 1 battalion of engineers...... 752 2bandsof28meneach______56 2bandsof28meneach--·----- 56 Signalcorps_ ••..•••••....•. ___ 800 1----1 , ____ , ____ 3,992 3, 992 1,552 Field·----·--···· •••.•• ------24 batteries (4 guns each) of 2, 880 24 batteries (6 gum; each) of 4, 320 14 batteries (6 guns each) of 2, 268 120 men each. 180 men each. 162 men eacb. ArtillerY---···············- 2bandsof28meneach-•.••.•• 56 2 bands of 28 men each ______56 Bands------·------·------· ••...• Noncommissioned staff .•.•.•. 4 Noncommissioned staff--····· 4 Noncommissioned staff .....•.•....•••.•••

2,9!0 ~~ ~268 CavalrY-················-·-· 30 squadrons of 332men each_ 9, 960 45 squadrons of 680 men each. 30, 600 24: squadrons of 401 men each_ . 9, 624: 3 squadrons of 4-04 men each__ 1,362 3 squadrons of 481 men each__ 1, 443 15bandsof28meneach______420 15bandsof28meneach_...... 420 10bandsof28meneach______280 Noncommissioned staff ••.••• _ 135 Noncommissioned staff---···- 135 Noncommissioned staff______31 · ---~ ! 1 --~-1 ,_____ 10,515 ~~ ~w

Infantry·····--'·-········--· t:OQa.ttalions of 438 men each._ 26,~tiO 90 battalions of 800 men each. '12,000 24 battalions of 437men each __ 10, 4.88 15 battalions of 488 men each __ 7,320 36 battalions of 513 men each __ 18,468 00 bands of 28 men each .•••.•. 840 go bands of 28 men each ___ .-·· 8(() 25 bands of 28 men each-~····· 700 Noncommissioned staff-•••..• 180 Noncommissioned staff_ •••.•. ,____ 180 , Noncommissioned staff .•••••• 70 27,180 73,000 ----;rf,046 44,627 112,547 53,606 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. - 3327

TABLE B.-Slwwing distribution of enlisted men of United States Army under the McClellan bill and under present establishment-Continued.

Establishment proposed by the McClellan bill. Present-establishment. Peace. War.

Ccmbatant force-Cont'd. Fortress artillery ...••..... 200batteriesof 90 men each . . . 18, 000 300 batteries of 120 men each .. 36, 000 ·84 batteries of ll3 men eac}l ... •10 080 10 bands of 28 men each ...... 280 10 bands of 28 men each .•..... 280 7 bands of 28 men each ..•. ---· *100 Noncommissi(med staff.•..... 236 Noncommissioned staff ••••••. 236 Noncommissioned staff .•...... *201 18, 516 36, 516 10,477 Total combatant force •..•.••....•.... ------.... •..... 63, 143 ------·-·· ··----··------•••••. 149, 063 •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••. 64,083 •-----• l=====I I==== - Noncombatant force. Quartermaster's Depart· Quartermaster's Corps ...•... 909 Quartermaster's Corps·----·- 909 Postquartermastersergeants 105 ment. Subsistence Department... Subsistence Corps---·-··-···· 909 Subsistence Corps ... --· ... -- . 909 Commissary sergeants ... _.... 165 Military Academy----····· Military Academy band.---·-· 39 Military A<'.ademy band---·-· 39 Military Academy detach­ 250 - ments. Miscellaneous __ ...• ----•... Indian scouts ...... --·------· Indian scouts ...... ------·- ....•• _~---· Indian scouts ...... •.... 75 Recruiting parties, etc ...... ----·------Recruiting parties, etc ....••.. ·---·---~--- Recruiting parties, etc ...... 322 l,8.57 l, 8.57 917

Total combatant and 65,000 150,920 ---··· ----·- __ .. __ ;. _------..... 65,000 noncombatant forces. Not included in total under act of Mar. 1, 1887: Medical Department... Medical Corps---·--·----••.... 3,-750 ¥edical Corps ...... •...... 3, 750 Medical Department.~--...... 2, 600 1---- Aggregate. ____ ...•• ·--· _...... -~---· .•.•••.••..•.•.••. ---- GS, 750 .••••• -·--··---·. ----· •••.•• ·-·--- 15i,670 67,600

•Including Ordnance Department.

TABLE C.-Showing the distlibution of officers of the United States A1·my TABLE C.-Sh-Owing the distribution of officers of the United States Army under the McClellan bill and under the present establish:;ient. under the McClellan bill and under the present establishment-Continued.

COMBAT.ANT FORCE. NONCOMBATANT FORCE.e

Present Present McClel- estab­ McClel- estab- lan .bill lish­ Ian bill. lish- ment. ment.

Lieutenant-general.------·--•..... ---·-· •..•.• -..... --·- ~ --·· ..... Medical Corps. 0 3 1 1 - Nri~~:~:~~:raiB~:::::::::::· :::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::: ___12_ ___a_1 ~~fg~i:~--~~~~~~:: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 6 19 10 Lieutenant-colonels ...... ·----·-···-·-·--·-.----· .•.... 20 10 Majors _.. ____ ....• ----· ...... ---- __ .... __ ...•.....•....• --·-· 110 50 General staff. Captains.--··- ____ ------·--•...... ------· __ '" __ ...•.... 160 70 First lieutenants -----· ---· ·--·-- .•..•• ---·------·-.•.... ---- 200 51) Major-general ...... --· --·-·- .....• ---······· -··-·· ---- ... . 1 (b) ------2 3 Total ..•.... -----· ·--·--···---. --·----··-· ••...•....••.. 501 Ul'J ~~rn~~~~~~~~~~~=:: :: :: ::: :::: :: : : :: ::: ::: ::::: ::: :: : : : : ::: 3 8 Lieutenant-colonels .....• --·-····------·------· 6 9 Quartermaster Corps. Majors.------· ... _---- .... ------....•• --···-···· •... ---··· 12 9 1 1 Captains...• ____ ••..•••....• ------·------••...• ·-··--••..•. 26 ~~f g~f:~~~~~~~~~:::::::: :::::: :::::: :::::::::::::::::: :::::: 10 4 Lieutenant-colonels •...... •... : •.....•. : ...•••..••...... 15 8 50 29 Majors ...... ·--·----····------·-·· .... -·-·-·--···-·.--·-·-·-··· 25 H =:::==: ======Captains-----·--·-····--·-...... ------·-··---·---...... 70 30 Engineers. ------Brigadier-general...... ••.••• --········----·····- 1 1 Total _....•••.•... -····· ••...•.....••••.••••....•... ---- 121 57 Colonels ____ .--· ______-~-- ____ ----••...• ----·------·-...•... 12 7 ------Lieutenant-colonehi . --··----··-· --···· --···· ..•• ---·-· -····· 25 H . . Equipment Corps. Majors .•....•. ·-----··--••.... --···· .....•••...•••...•.... ---­ 50 1 Captains.-----.--·------·-- .••.•••••••••.•• -----·-­ 60 ~ ~~rn~t:~-~~~~~~~== :::::: ::::::::·.::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: 2 First lieutenants ...... •. ----- .... -·------·----·--·--·---· .... 50 26 Lieutenant-colonels ...•.. --··------·------·------·-- 3 25 13 Majors .. -·----··-·_ •...• _---·· ••..... ·---- •••..•...... _____ ... 10 Second lieutenants---·····-··-········-·····-···------·- Captains ..... ·---· •...•••..... ----....••....••...•.•....•••... 35 223 124 ---'--- Total .. ---··--·--· ...... ••...... • _..... -----··--- 51 ---· •••..• Artillery. Subsistence Corps. Brigadier-general..•..•••••....•.....•....••... ------··--- 1 cl Colonels ...... ···------··------···- ••.... ·-··-··----- 30 11 1 1 Lieutenant-colonels . -·------.•.... ------·· Z"l 12 ~~f ~~~f:~-~~~e_i:_~~:::: ·. :: : : : : : :·:.:::::: :: :: : : :: : : : : : :: : ::: :::: 4 2 80 33 Lfoutenant-c6lonels .... ·---·----·-· ----·--·--•••..•••..••.... 6 3 ~Jt~f~: ::: :: : : : : : : ::: ::: ::::::: ::: :: : : : : ::: ::: :: : :: :: : : : : ::: 302 136 Majors .•...... ••...••..... --···-·----· ..... ·-·------·-·-- 10 8 First lieuteiiants. _. ...• --··-· •..••.••••..•• --··-· ...... 312 128 Captains .....•...... -·--...•.•.. __ ..... ----- .•.. --·-·- ___ _ 21 8 Second lieutenants ---··· ··-·------·-··-·-·-···· .....• ------2'M 98 Total __ ·-···------··----·-··----...... •••.••....•...... 48 22 976 419 Pay Cotps. CavalnJ. 1 Colonels __ ...... _. .. . ---·· ·-·--··· .....••...... •...• --·· ~--··· 15 10 ~~fg~~:~-~~~~:-~~:: :::::: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ---·-- ·-r 2 Lieutenant-colonels ..••.... -----·------·-••..•. 15 10 Lieutenant-colonels .... --·-·---·------·-· ·------·------·--·-· 4 3 Majors._ .... _..... _....••....•••...• ---··------·----·--·- 45 30 Majors.--·-·-·--_·-·------·------· ____ ••...•••...•...• -·--·- 8 20 Captains .. _...... --·-- __ ..•. ____ .·---· ...•...• -·-- _____ ...••... 210 14-0 li'irst lieutenants_----_ ...•.•....•••...•••.•.. ---···--·-·· ___ _ 270 160 ~ffs~a~feiiailt5: :::::::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::::::::::::::: ~ Second lieutenants ---·-· ------·--· ----·· ..•.•..... ----.... 180 120 Total _... ___ •...•. ----...... ·-·-·-···· ____ ...... 60 26 735 470 Total-----·--·········--······-····-······-··-···---···· Judge-Advocate Corps. Infantry. ======Colonels --···· ·-·----·-· ··----·-----·---·-···· ·------···· 30 d 26 ~rfgadf;r-generaL. ·-·· ·------··--· ----·--·---· -····· . --· ·--·-· 1 Lieutenant-colonels ...... -----···------·---·--·---··------·- 30 26 L? 0 1t: ··k·l·--- :iS .. ------·--· ---·-·------·-·· ---· l 1 Majors.----·----·----··-····----··-·---·-·-· •••..• ------·-·· 90 76 Me~ nan o one ------··-· ·---·------·-·. ·------·-· ~ 3 Captains .... --·--· .•.... --·----···-- .....• ---· ••..•. --···-.... 420 354 c aJrr~. --·-- --···· .... ------··--·------·-·· ----·· -- ···· 3 First lieutenants.-·-·-·------·-··-···------·-··--...... 540 403 ap runs ______-·-··--·-·---··--··------····---·------_____6 _ Second lieutenants .....•••..•. ---··· ---··-···.---~---·------360 800 Total. ....•..•. ------··-·--····--·_ ....• ··---- ____ --···· H 8 Total ----·-· --·· --·-·· ------·-·-·------· ---·--. ----- 1, 470 1, 185 Chaplains._ ...•• ····---·---·---· •..• _____ ---·-_. __ - ~ -- •... ____ 70 3i 3328 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26,

TABLE C.-Showing the distribution of officers of the United States Army made for the accommodation of light batteries to be used any­ under the McClellan bill and under the p1·esent establishment-Continued. where along the coast. The grading of the reservation and the SUMMA.RY. laying of sewer and water pipes should be arranged with a view to the encampment of a force of infantry in case of war. Many of Present McClel· estab- our young men lost their lives in our home camps in 1898 because lan bill. lish- of the unhealthy conditions which prevailed in the camps. ment. The outbreak of typhoid fever and other camp diseases was greatly increased because of want of proper water supply and Combatant force. drainage facilities in our camps. It appears good reasoning to reconstruct now the post at this very important strategic point General officl!rs, line.-----_ .•..•. ···--· ••....•••..• ---······· 19 10 General staff------...••••••..•••...•.•..... ----·· ••••.• ------50 29 where troops must be assembled in case of war with any first-class Engineers ....•..... ------· •..... -----····· ...... m 12! power. Provision should be madein time of peace, so that should Artillery _...•...... ---·-· •...•...... •••••.••....•.•...•••.... 976 419 the occasion ever arise we may be able to put a force of men here Cavalry ...... •...... •••..•••..•.•...••.....•....•...•••••. 700 470 Infantry •.....•.....•....••.....•.....•....•••...... •••..... 1,470 1, 18.5 in camp where they would be healthy, ready for duty, and of easy access to any point where they would be needed. This, however, Total combatant...... 3,473 - · 2,237 is only an additional reason for making a complete, bul'!inesslike Noncombatant force. job of the reconstruction of this post. Even for the permanent garrison that must be put there on account of the armament which has already been placed, reconstruction is absolutely neces­ sary. In the bill H. R. 876, as reported from the Military Committee, the first section gives the Secretary of War power to straigh en out the boundary line of this post. It does not tie him down to any particular plan, but very properly leaves that to his discretion. At present the western boundary of the post extends some 25 feet into Fort Hamilton avenue. This avenue leads from Prospect Park, Brooklyn, down to the water on the west side of the post. a Including one Chief Signal Officer. It is necessary that this side of the post should be moved back 25 b Adjutant-General's and Inspector-General's Departments and Record feet, so that a sidewalk may be constructed along there in con­ and Pension Office combined. c Artillery and ordnance combined. formity with the many improvements made by the city of New dlnfa.ntry and Signal Corps combined. York on all the.streets surrounding the post. On the northeast e Under the McClellan bill, all noncombatant officers have relative rank only. side of the post the boundary is a broken line, with several ugly Mr. LENTZ. A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Chairman. Was jogsinit. It is desired bytheWarDepartmenttostraighten this it not arranged at the beginning of this discussion that gentlemen line out and give the post a regular and sightly boundary in ac­ who spoke on this bill should have the right to extend their re- cordance with some complete plan, which, I believe, has not yet marks in the RECORD? - been fully decided upon. For the purposes of this section $50,000 The CHAIRMAN. It was not. is appropriated. J\[r. JETT. I had that understanding, and I desire, therefore, The second section provides for the reconstruction and grading to ask unanimous consent that I may be permitted to extend my of the post under a complete plan to be adopted by the Secretary remarks in the RECORD. of War. It gives to the Secretary of War the necessary authority The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous to have the roads constructed on the reservation, for they have consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there objection? very poor roads there now, and for the building of all the new [After a pause. l The Chair hears none. barracks, storehouses, etc., that are required. There has been Mr. CLAYTON of New York. Mr. Chairman, while this mili- expended at this post very little money in recent years. There are ary bill is before the House, I desire to call attention to one mat­ a few good buildings at the po3t, such as the forage storehouse, er ·of very great importance, which is, I believe, pertinent at this four sets of noncommissioned staff officers quarters, quartermas­ particular time, and I hope that I may have the attention of the ter·s stables, and hospital building, which can be retained under .'House for a few minutes. a new plan, and the buildings which can not are old and unsafe J I desire to call attention to that neglected post of Fort Hamil­ buildings and some temporary shed8 built during the recent war. ton, N. Y., and the bill H. R. 876, providing for the reconstruc- These can not be pulled down too soon. The amount provided tion of the same, and the report from the Military Committee upon for the reconstruction of this post is very moderate, but is believed that bill. · by the Quartermaster's Department to be sufficient to carry out There was some question in my mind about the expediency of this necessary work. bringing this matter up at this time. I asked a member of long For comparison, I submit the following table, showing the cost experience here what he thought about it. llis advice was, "If of a number of posts in different sections of the United States the bill has any weak points, you had better wait; if it is meri­ constructed in recent years. These tables show whether com­ torious and an all-around good bill, go ahead." pleted or not on March 10, this year. I believe the bill to be a good measure from every standpoint, and should be enacted into law as early as practicable. FORT ETHAN ALLEN, VT. I have more important matter bearing on the bill than I have time to rE'.ad. I the1·efore ask permission to extend my remarks in Buildings, etc. Cost. Buildings, etc. Cost. the RECORD. In considering the reconstruction of the post of Fort Hamilton Purchase of additional Administration building. SJO,~ . oo it is well to keep in mind the location of the defensive works there. land ...... : ...... $10,000.00 Magazine ...... 551.00 Fort Hamilton is on the Long Island shore, at the very entrance 4 double barracks ...... 128,000.00 Subsistence storehouse .. 7, 881.00 Commanding officers' Stable guardhouse ...... l, J. 00 to New York Harbor. It is true there are coast defenses farther quarters ...... ------10,050.00 Forage storehouse ...... 6, 77G. OO out at Sandy Hook, but there the distance between Sandy Hook 11 double sets officers' Ordnance storehouse .... . 1,300.50 and the opposite shore is so great that it is always possible for a quarters ...... -----· ____ _ 121,589. 00 Cavalry drill hall ...... 20, 187. 00 5 double sets noncommis- Band barrack ...... 5, 450.00 vessel to slip by in a fog or at night. This is not the case at Fort sioned staff officers' Wardrobe lockers ...... l,GJ.2. Hamilton. The bay here is narrow, and the gans at Fort Ham­ 13,842. 85 Bake ovens ...... 1, 7U0.00 ilton are built out on a high projecting point and from their posi­ H~~;f~~r-. ~ =: ·_-_-_-_ ~ ~ -_-_-_-_-_: ~ 26,56159 Extra work on new build- tion easily command the bay for miles. If these guns are prop­ Guardhouse-····- ...... 7,000. 00 1, 4.'t3. ll 8 cavalry stables ...... 90, 419.00 PI~bf~g·: :::::::::::= :::: 30,800.33 ei-ly manned, no fleet in the world could get past that point. It 3 double stable guard 33,816.57 is the main dependence against foreign war vessels sailing right buildings ...... 5,194.00 1,'HS. 00 Bakehouse ..... __•...... 3,000.00 Water-supply~:~fp'hig·=~~=::===~=:==== system ... . 42,118.00 up to the very city of New York. The fortification has been re­ Qual'termaster s store- Sewer system ...... 4, 9 3.25 modeled and new rifle gu.ns of improved type have been put in, house······--·······-···· 8,500. 00 Roads ...... 27, 85G.00 and the mortar battery is now nearing completion. Scale house ...... ~ 500.00 Walks •..... -----· ...... ll,Giti .15 Fuel storehouse ...... 2,200.00 Rifle range ...... 2,7W. OO While the importance of this point has been recognized by those Shop building ...... 3,00J.00 Band stand ...... 5iN. OO in charge of appropriations for coast defenses, nothing has been Quartermaster's stable .. _ 5,40(). 00 Railroad track scale ...... 87G. 2 dcne for the accommodation of a garrison large enough to man the Picket lines ...... ------·-·- 2.350.80 Railroad platform ...... 440.00 fort. The post is in thesameantiquatedanddilapidated condition Blacksmith shop __ ...... 1,870.00 Improving grounds ...... 16,815. 20 Quarters for 4 bachelor Fencing ...... ------2, JIU. 47 that it has been in for some years. Many years ago it was made officers ...... •...... 12,386.CO Pay of employees ...... H,337.94: large enough for a battalion of artillery. I am now informed by 4,230.00 Miscellaneous. ------...... 4,558.79 the War Department, and I know from personal knowledge as 2,300.00 ~.00 Total...... 715,559.07 well, that it requires a regiment of artillery to man the present ~1¥u~~~~::=~~Hospital steward's=::=~~::: quar- works. The importance of the location requires not only that ters ...... --···· ...... 2.5i4.00 there should be provided accommodations for the men necessary to man the works alone, but also that some provision should be Nearly completed for 8 troops of 65 men each and regimental headquartel's. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3329

NEW POST NliR SPOKANE, W .A.SH. FORT M'PHERSON, G.A.. Buildini?S, etc. Cost. Buildings, etc. Cost. Buildings, etc. Cost. Buildings, etc. Cost. 14 double sets officers' lOpavilion-hospital build· 1 double barrack--··--·--· $31,424.~ Scale house $675.00 quarters ..•.....•...... $192, 283. 00 ings, and converting 9 of 4 double sets officers' Oil house •.. :::::::::~::::: 298.00 2 single sets officers' quar- them into storehouses .. $26,425.00 44,387.56 Wagonshed ·-·--·------l,49'Z.35 ters .•.....••...... •..... 23,70!.00 Fire-apparatus building .. 1,000.00 2 ca~~~l~rs seiS"'iion:com:· Shop building --·-·----··- 2,906.00 rmssioned staff officers' Bake house and ovens •••. 3,158.00 3 double barracks...... 73, 905. 00 Mess hall ...... •....••.... 24,100.00 auarters ...... 5,450.58 9,652.07 1 triple barrack...... 29,.i20.00 Gua.rdhouse (new) .••.... 13,100.00 A ministi·ation building .. 8,931.00 t1!~~~-::::::::::::::::: 12,6!19.22 Administration building.. 10, 924.00 Magazine ...... ---·-· •••.•• 500.00 1,019.35 Subsistence storehouse... 4, 730. 00 Band stand ..•. ····--•.•••. 524.00 auartermaster's stable ... 7,000.00 Gas piping ------···· ••...• Bakehouse...... 2,730.00 Scale house ...... ••.... 1, 7Z3.00 uartermaster and sub- Water system -·-----··--- 8,~.4.9 Bake ovens...... 1,500.00 Hospital laundry.·------­ 1,168.00 sistence storehouse._ .. __ 9,580.00 Sewer system --·-··-·-·-· 6,993.H 10,052.00 Guardhouse.···------·-· 6, 119. 69 Wood-saw building.••...• 181. (}t Guardhouse--·--··--·-·--- 6,205.00 Grading_-----.• --·-·--···- Quartermaster's store- Hospital storeroom .••.••• 602.00 Hospital...... •..•..... 15,H8.00 Roads and walks ------7, 712.39 Servants' closets ....•..... 1,475.00 Hospital steward's quar- P~y of employees ...... 4,493.17 house---···--·------7,~.90 ters ...... •...•.. ----•... 2,228.00 Miscellaneous .....•...... 2,322.31 Connecting storehouses . . 2, 797. 00 Fences.---· ...... ----· ... . 6,648.19 Coal shed ••..••••..••.••...• 3, 044:. 00 Quartermaster's stable Track and wagon scale .. . 2,675.00 450.00 Total .•.•••.••..•••••. 205, 705.45 and corral...... 7,639.17 Waterandsewersystems. 50,427.96 Magazine • -··-· ••••••••.••• 6 single sets noncommis- Drainage ...... ·-----·----· 1,677.47 sioned staff officers' Heating and gas piping .. _ 24,456.05 Completed for 2 companies of 65 men each. Plumbing------···· 15,970.00 H~~:i~~:::~: :::::::::::: &~~: ~ Grading and filling .••..•. 55,238.00 FORT BLISS, TEX. Oil house------·--······--- 492.00 Roads------·----·-····---- 29,84.0.00 ShOPS-----···-···------···- 1,400.00 Walks ...... 8,814. 70 2 double barracks.---···-· 47,681.00 Hay storehouse .....••..•. $1,835.00 2coal sheds...... 6, 789.00 Trees and grass ...... 1,061.00 2 outhouses for same .•.••. 4, 795.00 Oil house ...... ----···· 124.. 75 Engineer's quarters...... 2,530. 00 Miscellaneous expendi- 6 sets captains' quarters .. 43,387.00 Hospital stewards' quar- Hospital steward's quar- tures-----·······-·------2.j,549.22 8 sets lieutenants' quar- ters ...... •..... 2,500.00 ters...... 1,199.50 Cost of site ...... ____ ••.... 29, 740.00 ters ...... 49, 791.00 300 wardrobe lockers ...•. 1,4.61.00 Rock-crusher building.... 208.18 Cost of rifle range-----··· 16,500.00 Mess hall and administra­ Reconstruction of build­ Garbage cremator .... •... 1,985.50 tion building •...•.••••.. 29,860.00 ings damaged by storm. 22,528.27 1 subsistence storehouse.. 7, 200. 00 Total...... 748,521.43 Guardhouse .•.....•...... 6,450.00 Cavalry stable------...... 3, 707.13 1 ordnance storehouse . . . . 1, 250. 00 3 double sets noncoIIlllli&­ Outhouse for cavall·y cor- Complete for 8 companies of 65 men each and band. ral .. -----...... ______sioned staff officers' 201.33 FORT CROOK, NEBR. quarters .•...... ••... 9,840.00 Fences ..•.....•....•....•.. 831.06 Hospital .....•...•...... •.. 13,250.00 530.00 Site······---···-··········· $66,616.66 Band barrack'3 ...... $5, 781.00 Quartermaster's store- ~r:~~-=~ ==~====::::: :::: 522.15 Water-supply system ____ _ 49, 781. 80 494 wardrobe lockers .... . 2,468.57 house ...... ••.... 10,500.00 Bake ovens .•.• ------...... 1,230.00 Sewer system •... --·----·- ll,3-!0.00 Guardhouse ...... •. 11,285.49 Subsistence storehouse ... 8,143.00 0 2,233.74 4,882.30 Quartermast er and sub- Stable ...... ••.•.... -·---- 4,950.00 ft~~ls ~~~ -~~~~=-~~~~::: 1,562.60 ~~!f:.~~-:::=:::::::::::::: 50, 925. 81 sistence storehouse ..... 20,352. 79 1 workshop------...... • 2, 700.00 Water system ...... ••..... 31,754.37 Wo.lks ---·-···-·-···-----·- 10,381.48 Quartermaster's stable .. 8, 4:09.93 1 coal shed .....•.....••.... 2,250.~ Sewer system. ____ .... ---- 6,332.37 Grading, etc .•....•...••... 1,8&1.00 Workshops ...... 4, 190. 00 1 wagon shed •...... •..•... 850.00 Plum bing ...... -·--·-···· 22,4H.28 Reservation fence ..... -.. 2,007.68 Coal house ...... •..... 3,537.32 Forage storehouse ...... 4:,444.00 Heating apparatus ...... 3,860.00 Railroad side track and Hospit.al.. .. ---·-· ·----.... 20, 775.00 Flagstaff ..•.•.• __ .... _.... . 239. 75 Cooking apparatus ..•.... 4, 778.05 switches ...... •..... _ 7,699.00 Hospital stewards' quar- Band stand·-··--··--·--··· 709.08 Miscellaneous •. ___ ._._ .... 8,275.61 Track and wagon scales .. 1,171. 75 ters ...... ••...... •. 2,100.00 Magazine·------·---······ H7.60 Rifle range •.....•....•.... 1,4.4:5.00 Wagon shed .•...••...•... 1,900.00 Earth closets······---··-·· 1,5J5. 00 Total ------· .••• 358,280. 04- 12 double sets officers' Cremator -···-· ------2,100.00 quarters.---·-----·-· •... 145, 4.85. 91 Magazine •....• ____ ••..... 750.00 Completed for 4: companies of 65 men each. Alterations in cellars of Corral fence·--·-· ...... 82.00 4 sets quarters ...... 600.00 Oil house ...... •...•••...• 238.00 FORT HARRISON, MO:NT. Commanding officer's Forage storehouse ....•... 4,146.00 quarters------·----- .... 9,200.00 Plumbing in buildings ... 27,'i5L68 9 sets brigade officers' Heating in buildings·---- 39, 9-13. 04: 1 commanding officer's Administration building. $9,992.00 quarters ...... ••...... 1!:1, 500. 00 Gas piping in buildings .. 1,834.00 quarters ••.... ---··· ...... $11,300.00 Magazine ...... ••....•..•. 524.00 3 sets noncommissioned Plumbing, heating and 6 double sets officers' Forage storehouse ...•.... 3,950.00 staff officers' quart~rs .. 8,621.01 gas piping in hospital .. 5,320.00 quarters ....•..•...... • 76,580.00 Oil house .•..... ----· ••...• 235.00 Mess building .....• _...... 3 0 4 sets bachelor officers' Hose cart house------·-­ 662.00 Basement under same ... . U~:M ~~lf.a1t:.~~~~-~~~---~- 2,63L50 quarters ..... ·······-··-· 9,238.00 Plumbing ....• ------••..•. 17,657.82 Bake ovens ...... 1,112.oo Miscellaneous .••...•...... 41,872.14: 2 double barracks-----···· 63,512.00 24,il4.15 2barrack wingsforScom- 1 band barrack ...... ----·- 5,581.00 ~:t~~ffiD·g====: ::::: :::::: 1, 757.15 panies ··----·--···· ...... 83,626.54 Total ·---···· ---· ---- 723, 155. 01 3 double sets noncommis- Wardrobe lockers ....•... 1,092.00 sioned staff officers' Bake ovens ...... •... 1,233.00 Completed for 8 companies of 65 men each. quarters ...... 9,833.00 Water-supply system .... 20,033.14 FORT SHERIDL-V, ILL. Guard house····-·------5,575. 90 Sewer system •.... ------­ 11, 749.31 7, 775.00 Cemetery fence •..••. ---· 595.50 Infantry barracks wing.. . $63, 002. 00 Coal house •••..• ·-·--· ...•. sa,moo ~~;~;;r~~:~~~~ ~~~~~~=:: 1,498.00 Reservation fence .••••••. 6,500.00 Cavalry barracks wing .. . 67, 110.00 Battery corral ...... •.•... 420.67 Scale house ...... --·-······ 440.00 Branch railroad ·-····-·-· 8,690.00 Extras on cavalry bar· Cold-storage house .•..... 2,087.00 Quartermaster's and sub· Roads .•...... •...... •••.. 4,800.27 racks •... ------· .••. 632.15 Forage storehouse ...••••. U,873.00 sistence storehouse. ____ 6,533.00 Walks'. ••....••.... ·····--­ 5,130.01 13 sets captains' quarters_ 117,523. 80 Extras on same--····-·--· 60.00 Wagon shed ..... ----·· .... 1,867.00 Grading ...... ••..... ---·-· 3,911.8.J: 16 sets lieutenants' quar- Oil house·---·-···-···-·--- 1,013.00 Shop building ...... •.... 3.800.00 Pay of employees and ters ...... ------109, 640. 00 Hospital...... ------19,950.00 Hospital .•.....•...... 16,200. 00 miscellaneous expenses 17, 783.48 Mess hall ...... 4:2, 402. 00 Additions, etc., to hospital 6,272.50 Hospital stewards' quar- Extras on mess hall.•..... 2, 161. 96 Dead house .••..• -----····· 1,057.00 te:rs ...... •.•...... 2,850.00 Total ...... ••...•.... 366,330.35 Officers' mess and 12 sets Cow shed ...... ----·· 400.00 Fuel storehouse ..•...••... 2,060.00 bachelor officers' quar- Sawing-machine shelter .. 447.00 ters ...... 54,616.70 Garb:.i.ge cremator .....•.. 997.00 2 sets field officers' quar- Extras on same ...... ____ _ 35.00 Completed for 4 companies of 65 men each and regimental headquarters. ters ...... •...•••..... 20,502.00 Railroad platform ...... 567.00 3 double sets noncommis­ Track and wagon scale .. . 1,177.89 FORT LOGAN, COLO. sioned staff officers' Plumbing and gas fitting. 63,250.M quarters ...... ---- .•.... 20, 054. 00 Heating and cooking ap- 14: double sets officers' Balloon shelter .. ----····-· S'2, 150.00 1 double set engineers' paratus .....• -···-- ...... 100,385.4:7 guarters. _----- ·-···-.... $168, 0'28. 68 Ice house ...... 655.00 quarters ...... ••..•. 6, 156.00 Lighting ______-----· .•..•. 3,~:19.67 :lsmgle sets officers' quar- Root houst) ...... • 550.00 5 cavalry stables ...... 78,625.60 Water system, including ters-· .. -······------.... 26,332. 95 Double stable guardhouse 995.00 Extras on cavalry stables. 3,530.12 t?wer and pumping sta- 8 sets bachelor officers' 1 magazine ...... ___ _ 471.00 2 quartermaster's stables. 18, 86!.00 t1on. -~------·-· --··-· 125,68.3.00 quarters .••...• ··-···-··· 16,610.00 2,251.00 Extras on same ...... •.... 55.60 Sewerage and drainage .. . 20,487.21 10 barracks------·--•... 14:5,036.00 1~~;n:~ld·:::::::::::: :::: 689.38 Quartermaster's corral ... 467.00 Roads .....• ---·-- ...... 86,515.95 1 storehouse .•...... 11, 660. 00 Coal and forage house ..•. 4,873.00 2 buildings for stable ser­ Walks ...... ••.. ., .... ____ _ 30,112.68 1 subsistence storehouse .. 7,4:F2.00 Hay shed ...... •...... • 1,250.00 _geant and saddlers .....• 5,81!. 00 Bridges ...... __ 21, 751.00 1 quartermaster's stable .. 7,950.00 Riding-track inclosure ... 808.64 Water-closet building for Wharvesand breakwaters 31,261.00 1 administration building. 12,398.00 Heating in buildings ____ _ 39,022.20 same------··· •..... ------3,039.00 Grading ...... 35,288.29 1 guardhouse------6, 4:59.10 Plumbing in buildings .... 14, 764.00 Guard building for quar- Grubbing and clearing 1 bakehouse ...... :: ...... 6,302.19 Wardrobe lockers--·----­ ros.oo termaster's stable .••.... 2,447.4.-0 land·--·----············· 8i6.00 1 hospital.~----····-- •..... 22,655. 95 Water-supply system .... 3-i,313. 52 Wagon shed ...... 1,916.80 Post garden •.•...... •.••.. 1,149.00 '1 hospital deadhouse •...•. 960.00 Irrigating pipe line .•..... 1, 160.00 Shops ...... ------•...... 6,821.00 Seeding ...... ------•...... 352.00 1 hospitalstoward'squar· Sewer system ...... 5, 837. 44 Blacksmith shop ....•..... 3,742. 75 Trees and shrubs------1,42!.00 ters ...... --··· •..... 1,464.69 Roads and grading·····-- 14,039.63 Infantry drill hall •.••..•. 27,272.00 Fences ....••. ----· ...... 5,44l.43 2 cavalry stables...... 15,200.00 Walks.······---··· ...... 12, 752.68 Extras on same---····-··· 314.25 Cemetery fence ...... 300.00 3 double sets noncomm.is· Fences ...•..•...... •.•••• 2,272. 70 Guardhouse ...... •... ___ _ 13,Bro.OO Flagstaff ...... •..... ·----· 750.00 sioned staff officers' Trees .....•...... ••••. 1,310. 75 Ordnance storehouse .•... 3,371.85 Clearing and grading tar- B,129.00 981.'iO Extras on same------39.00 get range ...... ------... . 4,9n.5o 3,877.10 Buildings, trench, and s§o~as~:-~: ===:======: :=== 2,836.50 ~if:~ iritc:k ·sea10======1,~.00 Magazine ...... ------·--· 1 wagon shed . _..•...... 1,28.5. 00 Advertising printing, Moving same to new site_ 64:9. 90 wall ...... •... 9,448.00 1 band bn.rrack ...... 3,620.00 and miscellaneous .•.••• 10,854.68 Gun shed ••...•....•.... __ _ 5,38.5.00 Targets, butts, etc ...... 4:,152.32 Rebuilding guardhouse.. . 4:,ID!. 00 Quartermaster's and sub- Miscellaneous------...... 16,266.13 Oil house ...... -----· 158.00 Total...... 622,802.38 sistence storehouse ...•• 12, 700.00 4',S.56.00 Total ••••••••••••.... 1, 3.."0,0!7.63 ~e~latioD.·=:::::: :::: :::: 2,197.00 w NOTE.-Completed for 8 companies of infantry and 2 troops of cavalry of 65 men each. ' Completed for 8 companies infantry and 4: troops cavalry of 65 men each. XXXIII-209

• 3330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26,

The following is a summary of expenditures in this same line IN MUNICIP.A.L .A.SSEMDL Y. that have been made at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., in recent years: • * * * * • * Resolved, That the municipal assembly of the city of New York hereby a.p­ FORT HA.MILTON, N. Y. pro>es the bill introduced in the House of Rer.iresentat-ives by Congressman B. F. CL.A. YTON, known as Honse of Hepresentatives bill No. 876, which author­ Cost of buildings constructed since January 1, 1895, or ttnde1· construction on izes the Secretary of War to reconsti·u..:t the post of Fort Hamilton accord­ March 12, 1900. ing to a new and appropriate p~n, and requests the Representatives of the city of New York in Congress, the Senators representing the State of New York, and the members of the Committee on Military Affairs in the House of Buildings, etc. Cost. Buildings, etc. Cost. Representatives to give consideration to the facts recited above, in addition to those showing the necessity of an improvement of the post for military reasons, and to use their best efforts in furthermg the passage of said bill. Forage storehouse* ...... S'T. 180. il Plumbing in same ...... $3,250.CO * * * * * • * Wagon shed * ...... 2,500.00 2 tem~rary mess halls Adopted by the council. February-6, l~. Boathouse* ...... 242.00 and "tchens ...... 2,l12.00 Adopted by the board of aldermen, February 13, 1900. 4: double sets noncommis· 1 sioned staff officers' t:t~~r~~:-~~~~-~::~~-e~~~- 884:. 88 w .AR DEPARTMENT, Washington, January 2, 1900. quarters* ...... 17,537.00 6 temporary pavilion hos- MY DEAR Mn. CL.A.YTO ': Referring to your letter of November H, the bill Plumbing, gas piping, and frital wards ...... 17, 124. 00 (H. R.876) authorizing the reconstruction of the post atFortHamiltonseems heatiug in same * ...... 1,988.00 P umbing in same ...... 4,200.00 to meet with general approval by the officers of the Army familiar with that Quartermaster's stable* .. 6, 995.00 1 temporary mess hall and post. I hope that the bill will pass. Plumbin~in same* ...... 381.00 kitchen for same ...... 1, 5-39. 00 I send you copies of the indorsements of the captain and quartermaster at Hospital uildin~* ...... 16,451.45 Covered way for same .... 1,7.0.00 Fort Hamilton, of the colonel of the Fifth Artillery, commanding the post, Plumbing-, heatmg, and Picket guardhoru:e * ...... 1,000.00 and of Major-General Merritt, co!Ilmanding the Department of the East, to lighting in same* ...... 3,462.50 Heating in same ...... 100.00 whom the bill has been referred; and I send you also copy of an extract from 7 temporary barracks for ----- the i;eport of the Major-General Commanding the Army for 1895, which re· 431 men .•....•...... •..... 7,378.00 •rotal. ·--~-- ...... 96, O'JS. 2! lates to this general subject, in which I hope you may be interested as well as in this particular post. NoTE.-Of the above buildings, one double set noncommissioned staff offi­ Very truly, yours, ELIHU ROOT, cers' quarters and the picket guardhouse are now under construction. Secretary of War. It is probable tbe buildings checked thus(*) will be retained and utilized Hon. BERTR.A.MT.CL.A.YTON, in the new scheme of improvement. The temporary buildiugs are cheap · Howie of Representati11es. •frame construction, and can either be torn down or utilized as storehouses, [Second indorsement.] etc., in the new plan. . QUARTERM.A.STER'S 0FFIOE, Fo1·t Hamilton, !Vew York Harbor, November 28, 1S99. Now, I submit these figures only for the purpose of showing the Respectfully returned to the adjutant, Fort Hamilton, N. Y. necessity for the amount called for in the biH for this post, where The inciosed bill covers, it is believed, every contingency required to en­ it is estimated that 665 men and 25 officers will be required to · able the military authorities to plan and construct a post smtable both to the military requirements and to the surroun~ng city improvements as begun furnish one relief for the armament, which has already been nearly by the municipal authorities oft.he l;>orough of Brooklyn, city of New York. completed-at Fort Hamilton. There were good reasons, I have The condition of this post is such tqat the present time is the most favor· I able, for economical rnasons, to lay out anew such a post as the future re­ no doubt, for the establishment of all the posts that have here quirements will demand. The plans of defensive works are probably so far named, and r-do not at this time wish to raiEe any question about complete as to indicate what these requirements will be, and the work is 150 them, but it is evident to all that the post at Fort Hamilton is by far advanced that in one year from this date they will he nearly finished. far more important than any here mentioned. It is, I believe, the The present buildings have been so located tbat expansion of the post to meet i·equirements is imP.ossible on any plan consistent with sanitary re· most important post in the United States. It was well demon­ quirements, drainage, police purposes, or appearances consistent with the strated in 1898 that naval vessels could not make much headway prominence of the site within the corporate limits of the city of New York. against good modern land fortifications well manned. The barrack buildings are almost the most remote ones of all those at the post from the guns and work::; which the troops are to care for and serve in In case of war we can not tie our Navy to one particular city, but drill and in war. They have less than half the capacity required for the pres- the Navy must be free, as it was in -1898, to seek and destroy the ent and probable future strength of batteries of artillery. . enemy's vessels wherever found. Nothing could be accomplished The only brick structures at the post which answer the present reguire­ ments are the hospital, three double sets of noncommissioned staff officers' •by the Navy if they had to keep vessels in the harbor of impor­ quarters, one quartermaster's stable, and one forage storehouse, while the tant points like New York for the protection of the cities. A land four barrack buildings above referred t-0 are the only other brick structures. defense costing but little more than one first-class battle ship For report on the condition of the present buildings attention is respect­ fully invitea to the "Annual report of inspection of public buildings." pre­ could stand off half a dozen very effectively. Moreover, in speak- pared by Lieutenant McGlachlin, Fifth Artillery, and transmitted with my -ing for this pos~, it is desired only to complete what has already signature after relieving him as quartermaster in Afril of this year. been nearly done at great expense. The engineers have built the A blue pririt showin~ the present arrangement o the post and principal defensive works, as we1l as the surrounding lands, is inclosed. fortification. It now only remains for the Quartermasteris De­ Also a drawing intended as a suggestion of the limits of ground and best partment to build the post. general location of officers' quarters and barracks, as near to the ground Section 3 of the bill gives the Secretary of War the necessary au­ covered by defensive works as the requirements of the latter will probably permit. Two alternative boundary limits are indicated thereon as depend­ thority to get rid of any old material which can not be used to any ent upon the retention of the old redoubt for use in plan of defensive works. advantage in the ·new work. If the redoubt can be dispensed with and leveled down, the earth removed I desire to call the attention of the members of the House to therefrom would be useful in the necessary general grading and appearances the resolutions of the Brooklyn League and the resolutions of the would be greatly improved. A list of buildings to fulfill requirements of the post is inclosed. Of these municipal assemply of New York rnty and the letter from the the hospital and noncommissioned staff officers' quarters might be left as at Secretary of War, transmitting the indorsements from the War present, the quartermaster stable and forage storehouse of brick and wagon Department printed in the report of the Military Committee on shed of wood moved to suitable site, the other buildings to be entirely new. Some of the buildings for barracks and officers' quarters might be located the bill. on the plan, but left to be completed later, when demanded. They should, · [Extract from resolution of Brooklyn League, January 24, 1900.] however, be included in the plan and space rese1·ved for them. S.E.ALLEN, Fort Hamilton, situated as it is, is the most important military post pro­ Captain and Quai·termaster, Fifth Artillery, Quartermaster. tecting New York Harbor, forming the central fortification, and being the [Third indorsem'ent.] point at which would be located the greatest number of batteries of artillery m case of war, and also being the strategic location of a supporting army. FORT HA.MILTON, N. Y., November 29, 1899. The present buildings are the result of a piecemeal growth. having been Respectfully referred to the adjutant-general, Department of the East. built from time to time as necessity demanded. They are scattered all over The present reservation contains 166 acres, more or less, but it is of such the reservation, and are in most instances either brick structures, entirely irregular shape that a plan for the necessary buildings for a garrison can not inadequate for even present needs, or of wood and crowded with valuable be adjusted thereto. quartermaster suppliea, which are liable to be destroyed by fire at any time. The present buildings are an odd lot, located without plan, and the grounds A large number of men are now quartered in wooden structures, covered have never been properly graded or drained. Situated. within the limits of only by thin sheathing, which serve very inadequately to protect them from the city and in view of the progressive improvements by the municipal the inclemency of the weather, and the heating and drainage arrangements authorities, the whole condition is discreditable and calls for the reconstruc­ of the buildings are to all intents and purposes nil. The barracks are located tion of the post on some definite and well-digested plan. I recommend that from one-eighth to nearly one-half a mile from the fortifications, and in the favorable consideration be extended to the bill proposed by Colonel CLAYTON. haphazard process of building they have so encroached upon the parade JNO. I. ROGERS ground that it is very circumscribed in dimensions and entirely inadequate Colonel, Fifth Artillery, Commanding Post. for the use to which it is put. Even the best of the present buildings are badly in need of repair and are [Sixth indorsement.] much too small, and if any patchwork efforts are made the expense will be HE.A.DQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST, very large, and the renewals from time to time would be so expensive that Governors Island, N. Y., Decenibe1· 14, 1899. in a short period the outlay will be as great as the proposed a;ppropriation Respectfully forwarded to the Ad.jutant-General of the Army. Attention now asked for. The reservation is very uneven, baing low in places and at invited to the second, third, and fifth indorsements upon the within letter to others rising into unsightly mounds of earth, notably the old redoubt, which the commanding officer, Fort Hamilton. was built under ancient military science for army occupation. * * * I concur in the recommendation of Col. John I. Rogers, Fifth Artillery, ALFRED T. WHITE, Chairman, commanding Fort Hamilton. The defenses at Fort Hamilton are nearing HENRY HENTZ, completion; the present buildfags are old, inadequate, and badly placed, and CHARLES NAEHER, provision should be made for a sufficient garrison to man the works. CHAS. A. SCBIEREN, The time seems a good one for laying out the post on some consistent plan CARLL H. DE SILVER, and one comporting with the importance of this post and the dignity of its I . JACOB G.DETTMER, surroundings. Committee on Public Works and Local Iniprovements W. MERRITT, of the Brooklyn League• Major-General, U.S. A., Commanding.

• 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3331

[Extract report of the Major-General Commanding Army for 1895.] With reference to the land that is marked as admitting exchange, I havo I can not, therefore, too earnestly recommend that ample appropriation be already spoken of the 25-foot strip along Fort Hamilton avenue for a side· made for the construction, as soon as practicable, of all the high-power guns walk. It might possibly be exchanged for streets to be vacated in the area and mortars, with the emplacements, mortar beds, barbette, and disappear- to be acquired. 'fhe trapezoidal area on the extreme northeastern limit of 1ng carria~es, called for in the general plan of the Board of Ordnance and the post is a number of feet below the street grade, having been used for Fortificat10ns and also the Board of Engineers, as well as in the recommenda­ barrow pits to get earth for .filling in low places on the reservation. It may tions of the chiefs of engineers and ordnance on this subject. I am aware possibly be disposed of by exchange in part payment for the area desired by that the Government is required to make large appropriations for civil and the quartermaster of the post on the eastern side of the reservation. military purpoEes, and that the expense of constructing modern high-power I have no changes to suggest to be made in the bill guns, mortars, gun carriages, and emplacements is very great. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, To meet these requirements I would recommend that to wholly or in part W. L. MARSHALL, provide for the necessary appropriations called for in this estimate authority Majo1·, Corps of Enginee1·s. be granted for the sale of such military reservations as have been abandoned Brig. Gen. JOHN M. WILSON, and are no longer of any strategic value. I think it would be advisable that Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., Washington, D. C. the selection of such restirvations be made by the Board of Ordnance and [Seventh indorsement.] Fortifications, or a similar board of experienced officers, with the approval of the honorable the Secretary of War. and that such abandoned reserva­ WAR DEPARTMENT, QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE, tions be judiciously di11posed of, and such funds resulting be used, as far as Wa.shington, March 5, 1900. practicable, in payment for guns and ~un carriages already contracted for Respectfully returned to the honorable the Secretary of War, inclosing and for which the Government has obligated itself, and for such as may be H. R. bill No. 876, Fifty-sixth Congress, which provides for sale of old build­ required in the future. ings and appropriates $50,000 for purchase of additional land and $500,000 for To this end I earnestly recommend the construction of suitable buildings erection of new buildings at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., with the following report for the necessary garrisons to man the ~sand mortars aiready in position thereon: and those to be constructed and placed m position. There can be no doubt but that much work must be done at Fort Hamil­ ton to properly provide for the garrison necessary to man the modern arma­ And in addition to these indorsements I desire to read the fol­ ment, and any such improvements undertaken should be planned with a lowing from the Chief of Engineers, from Major Marshall, Engineer view to a comprehensive scheme for a complete post suited to modern re­ Corps, frorri the Quartermaster-General of the Army, and the in­ quirements and the location within the limits of by far the largest and most important city in the country. dorsement of the Major-General Commanding the Army. These The provisions of the bill herewith, if enacted into law, would pehnit the indorsements, received since the r_eport of the Military Committee Department to do this. was made, add very much to the argument in favor of the bill. I have no suggestions to offer in the way of changes in the bill, except that it might be well to more clearly authorize the Secretary of War to sell or ex­ The legislature of the State of New York has passed resolutions. change for other land su:ih portion of the present reservation as, in his opin­ indorsing and urging this improvement. ion. is not needed for either garrison or defensive purposes. 0F.h'ICE OF TH~ CHIEF OF ENGINEZRS, The bill in its present shape confers this authority by implication only. UNITED STATES ARMY, _ M. I. LUDINGTON, Wa.shington, January 27, 1900. Quartermaster-General, U. S. A. Srn: I have the honor to return herewith H. R. 876, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, "A bill authorfzins the Secretary of War to reconstruct the post HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, of Fort Hamilton, N. Y., according to a new and appropriate plan, to purchase Washington, D. C., March 12, 1900. or acquire by exchange, or both. the necessary ground adjoining the Govern­ Respectfully returned to the Secretary of War, recommending that the ment reservation, and to erect buildings," referred to this office for remark, amount mentioned in bill H. R. 876, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, be ap­ .and to submit the follo,ving report: propriated for the purpose indicated therein. The main line of defense of New York Harbor against a naval attack is NELSON A. MILES, located at the Narrows, and consists of powerful batteries located at Fort lr!ajo1·-General Oomrnanding. Hamilton, on the Long Island side, and at Forts Wadsworth and Newton, on the Staten Island side. The four or five millions of people in New York City and its sub­ Owing to its small extent it bas been found necessary to occupy the entire urbs, with their billions of dollars of property right on the water water front of Fort Hamilton Reservation with defensive works, thereby restricting the area available for building l>urposes. Owing to the magnitude navigable by the largest vessels, are fully alive to the great im· of the defenses a garrison of considerable SIZe will be required for their proper portance of the fortitications situated at the Narrows, the gate­ service. way from the sea to New York City. It appears that a reconstruction of the post is necessary to meet the con­ The two fortifications at the Narrows, and especially the one at ditions brought about by the construction of the modern defenses alre~dy completed a.ud in process of construction, and that the object of the bill is to Fort Hamilton, would in time of war be utilized to prevent an­ ,enable such reconstruction to be carried out in the best manner. Invitin~ chorage of fleets in Gravesend Bay and in the di:iep water south of attention to the accompanying report and blue print. submitted by MaJ. and, above all, they form the inner line of defense at W . L. Marshall, Corps of Engineers, in local charge of the defensive works, Coney Island, it appears that the post quartermaster oesiras an area beyond the present the southern entrance to New York City. eastern limits of the reservation, for which all area at the extreme north end The people of Brooklyn take great pride in this post at Fort and a strip along Fort Hamiltc>n avenue may possibly be exchanged in part Hamilton, and the city has shown a very liberal spirt in making payment. I am not informed as to the details of the proposed plan of recon­ struction, but the interests of the defensive works will be sufficiently con­ improvements surrounding this post. They feel that, both on served if the area r ecommended by Maj or Marshall and indicated on the map the ground of safety to the city and of the obHgations of the Gov­ be reserved for fortification purposes. I have no suggestions as to changes . ernment to keep up this property in conformity with the charac- to be made in the bill. It is suggested that it would be well to obtain the views of the department commander, the Quartermaster-General, and the ter of the city in which it is located, the reconstruction of this post post commander upon this subject. should ba undertaken without further delay. l Loud applause on Very respectfully, your obedient servant, the Democratic side.] JOHN M. WILSON, Brigadier-General, Chief of Engineers, U. 8. Army. [Mr. RIDGELY.addressed the com~ttee. See Appendix.] Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of Wm·. After a pause, during which no member addressed the Chair, . UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, I do not know that anybody on New York City, Janum--y 25, 1900. this side wants to speak now. We are letting this debate run to GEN£RAL: I have the honor to return herewith the bill (H. R. 876. Fifty. If sixth Congress, first session) entitled "A bill authorizing the Secretary of allow the mino1ity a hearing. · no further debate is desired, I War to reconstruct the post of Fort Hamilton, N. Y., according to a new and will call for the reading of the bill under the five-minute rule. appropriate plan, t'.> purchase or acquire by exchange, or both, the necessary Mr. SULZER. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. LENTZ] wants ground adjoming the Government reservation, and to erect buildings," with I I the following report as required by Department letter addressed to Colonel to occupy an hour. think he will be here shortly. hope gen­ Benya.urd, dated December 11, 1899. tlemen on the other side will use some of their time. The post needs reconstruction, and the bill is drawn to give the United Mr. HULL. I will remind the gentleman from New York that States agents latitude in rectifying to best advantage the post boundaries. we can extend the time for debate under the five-minute rule. I It is believed that the park authorities of Brooklyn would like to widen Fort Hamilton avenue 20 to 25 feet, so as to have a sidewalk along the l;Jresent line do not want to cut anybody off, but I do not believe we ought to of officers' quarters, and the quartermaster at Fort Hamilton, in proposing neglect our opportunity to legislate. the reconstru~on of this post, has in mind cooperation with the park officlals Mr. SULZER. There are several gentlemen here who desire to of Brooklyn if the post were so laid out that the road past the new officers' quarters proposed be in prolongation of the driveway through Meadow Park talk on this bill-the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. LENTZ], the gen­ to Coney Island. tleman from Virginia [Mr. HAY], the gentleman from Teunessee I send herewith the outline sketch of the entire reservation, showing the [Mr. Cox]- area needed. in my opinion only, for defensive purposes; that which may be used for garrison pw·poses and that which may be exchanged without detri­ Mr. HULL. Let some of those gentlemen go on. It is not yet ment; provided it may be accepted in whole or part payment for land (also 4 o'clock. indicated) to be obtained by exchange, or by exchange and purchase. Mr. SULZER. I suggest to the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. With reference to the lands I have marked as necessary for defensive pur· poses, I have to say that part of the glacis of the old fort lies outside of this Cox] that he now proceed. area., and also an old redoubt, The land front of old Fort Hamilton and this The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Co:x:]v redouut were for the land defensein the days of the old smoothbore muskets will be recognized. and guns, and in my opinion are now of little value. Fort Hamilton, if land defense ia necessary, must be defended, if at all, by supports farther in· rear [Mr. COX addressed the committee. . See Appendix.] · · of the batteries, with the quarters for the garrison within and not without the li11e of defense. The redoubt is now used "for garrison purposes," as a Mr. ATWATER. Mr. Chairman, I had not intended to say a " post bakery is therein installed. For the purposes of reconstruetion of the new post it is desired to raze this redoubt and grade around it. '.rhere has word upon this bill, but I believe the sentiments of the people of been indicated near this redoubt a post commander's station and a battery the district which I have the honor to represent are entitled to be commander's station. If it be razed these stations must be raised on towers heard on this question. North Carolina in its history has ever or mounds. I suggest that the disposition of this redoubt be referred to the Board of been true to the call for the defense of what she believes to be Engineers to determine the question of its relative value for defensive or right. In the war that we have just gone through with with garrisqn purposes. · Spain she was equal to the emergency, Believing that our cause 3332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26, was just, that the oppression and the starvation of the people of nation or people, or that it is his duty to carry civilization and Cuba by the Spanish Government was cruel, our people responded religion to distant lands by the military arm, then you may expect to the call of the Chief Executive. We believed that when we had to witness a double installment of man's malice. If you doubt conquered Spain and provided a way by which the Cubans could this, read the history of the so-called religious wars of Europe have independence and freedom, when peace was restored and and Asia and the story of Roman and British conquests. Recall Spain was driven from those islands, the Army would be reduced the names of Verres and the Roman proconsuls, of Clive and and unnecessary expenses would stop. But when it was attempted Hastings, Pizarro and Cortez, and some others of our own day to extend our dominions over other islands, that were not thought and generation who have plundered, scourged, and oppressed a of when the first call for troops was issued, the people of my State subject population. believed it to be an unjust war. II. NO DISHONOR IN TREATING WITH ALLEGED REBELS. Had the President defined the present position of the Adminis­ tration at that time we believe that the people of this country Our Revolutionary war of 1776 was a righteous war, one of self· would not have been in favor of his policy, and we would not be defenEe, and for the right to govern ourselves. :At the outset our called upon now to make large appropriations for the Army. If petitions for peace and justice were "spurned from the foot of after Admiral Dewey had captured the Spanish fleet at Manila the throne." We were told that "rebels" in arms could not be he had put on all steam and gone to the shores of Spain to con­ treated with; that we must lay down our arms and submit. The quer the remainder of the Spanish navy, every man in this coun­ terrible contest went on and on with varying fortunes, until try would have rejoiced; but the attempt to subdue the people of finally the King of England condescended to treat with us. Peace the Philippine Islands has never met with the hearty response and independence were the result. Sir, there is no dishonor, there from the people of the State which I have the honor in part to can be none, in negotiati_ng with alleged rebels or insurgents. If represent. I believe that if the President of the United States there were such dishonor, then England might have held out in· were to define his policy to-day and to say to the Philippine in­ definitely. Wehaveourselvesoftenmadetreatiesofpeace with In­ surgents, ''If you will lay down your arms, civil government will dian tribeswhohaddefiedourauthority. The brave and the strong be given to you," I believe that in less than three months all armed can always afford to be generous. The story of that period sup­ resistance in the Philippines would cease and peace would be re­ plies another moral. France had helped us greatly. At the close stored, so that our troops could be recalled from that country, we were exhausted, almost helpless, but she asked no pecuniary where they are dying, not only from rebel bullets but from disease. reward and no surrender of any territory as compensation for her I believe, as an American, that we ought to define our position and powerful succor, and still less did she dream of selling out her let those people know that we do not intend to take their islands as allies. the American colonies, to any country for a sum of money, our possessions. I believe we would be a hundred times better off or of buying England's title to our shores. She quitted the fight without them than with them. I believe that if this policy i8 con­ clean-handed, with her honor unstained. No Frenchman need tinued Congress will be called upon year after year to make appro­ blush for that page of history, priations for the Army to maintain a government in those islands. IIL POWER TO MAKE WAR RESTS WITH CONGRESS. I, for one, believe that it is the duty of the Chief Executive to call The American statesmen of that day had pondered well the les· a halt; to give the people in those islands to understand that we sons of history. They had seen kings make war again and again do not intend to crush them; but that a nation which is powerful regardless of the people's wishes. They, therefore, refused to enough so that it can afford to be generous will give them their trust the President with the war-making power. They would not freedom and the right to self-government. [Applause.] trust it to the Senate, high as that body was to be, and then Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, if there is no other gentleman who deemed most unlikely to be influenced by patronage. They would desires to talk-- not trust t~e power of making war even to the President and Mr. SULZER. I yield to the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. Senate combined. I am aware, sir, that there are some politicians . MEYER]. of our day who claim that the President and Senate combined can Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Mr. Chairman,Ihavenoopposition by a treaty make a war and can even empower Congress to legis· to make to the features of the bill now before the House. I recog­ late in United States territory outside of the Federal Constitution; nize that we have an armv in the field, an army confronted with but this is not tbe doctrine of the good and great men who created serious and grave clangers: and I would not say a word in antago­ 6ur form of government. They, indeed, allowed the President nism to any reasonable plan or proposal to maintain that army and the Senate to make ~ace by the form of a treaty; but this until it has accomplished its work. Therefore, Mr. Chairman, I power to make war, so solemn, so awful in its responsibilities, will not address myself to the question of the appropriations em­ they would confide only to Congress. Therefore, in order to make braced in the present bill, but to a question which may well be war, it is necessary under our Constitution to have the concur­ regarded as germane to it-our relations to and with t~e Philip­ rence of the people's immediat;e representatives, chosen every two pine Islands and the course we should pursue concernmg them. years, and of the Senate, a body chosen by the State legislatures I. WAR IS THE SPORT .A...11\'D GAME OF KINGS. and presumed to be more free from popular passion and excite· ment. Yet you hn.ve additional restraints upon the making war. Mr. Ch~irman, the war that has been going on in the Philippine If the President does not approve the act declaring war, two· Islan<:ls and the questions of publi~ policy growing ou~ of this war thirds of each branch of Congress are necessary in order to over· ~mnst1tute grave and momento~s ~ssues for th~ Amencan people, rule him and make it his duty to draw the sword. Sometimes a · issues. that may affect our destJ?IeS for all time to come. fhe President is more conservative than Congre ~s. ~encan people come of a war~~ stock, but they are not a war- 1 These limitations upon the war-making power are not mere loving ~eople. The deplorable civil.war be~ween the States ended empty forms. They concern the rights, the happiness, and the ov~r thirty ye~rs ago. _The war with Spam closed ~fte.r a very liberties of the people, to whom all public officials are not masters, brief strugglem the triumph of our arms. Peace Jubilees.fol- but servants. Oursisoroughttobeagovernmentofpublicopin­ lo~ed at once aD; over the ~and. The good s~nse 9f the Amen.can ion. In order to ascertain that opinion, these forms were devised people has steadily recognized peace as an mestimable blessi::ig, by statesmen compared with whom those of the present day fall and war, even when necessary,_ they .regard as a gi:eat ca.lam1ty. very far short. War is the sport and game of kings.. Nobles and kmgs may well delight in war. They reap the honors and rewards. The heroism IV. CONSTITUTIONAL FORMS OBSERVED IN WAR WITil SPAIN. of the private soldiers all go to enhance the glory of monarch, In the war with Spain these constitutional forms were observed. nobles, and officers. The gallant deeds of the privates are known The President did not desire war. He did not·undertake to make only t.o a few surviving comrades. The sacrifices and sufferings war. It is only justice to him to say that he strove to avert war of the war, the grievous taxes paid, the impoverishment of the by making demands which he thought Spain would concede. family, the loss to the wife and children of their sustaining prop Finally, he reported tlie whole facts of the situation to Congress, and protector, the struggles of the maimed and crippled veteran making no specific recommendation, -and devolving upon that to eke out a support, the burden of debt and taxation fast;ened on body the responsibility of making the dread decision of war or labor for generations to come-what has the monarch, the noble, peace. Congress acted promptly. Congress demanded that Spain or the rich contractor to do with all this? How can they sym- should relinquish her authority in Cuba, and directed the Presi­ pathize with all these sufferings and hardships-they who have denttoemploy,ifnecessary,thelandandnavalforcesoftheUnited reaped only riches and fame from this widespread human misery? States in order to carry the resolution into effect. If this be true in the case of the victors, how much worse is the It was foreseen that this action would involve a war for the lib­ case of the vanquished? The poor man, the peasant, the farmer, eration of Cuba. In view of this contingency, Congress was care­ if he survives the war it is probably to find a deso!atedhabitation, ful to embrace in the joint resolution a declaration of our motives perhaps only a blackened chimney to remind him of a once happy and purposes in this armed intervention. This was done in the home, a beg~ared femily, and, it may be, wrongs to his help~ess most explicit language. Repelling the idea of some persons that family of which I dare not speak. If to his own fury and passions our motive was merely greed for new territory, Congress posi­ the conqueror adds the specious plea that he·is the chosen instru-1 tively disclaimed any purpose to exercise dominion over the island ment of God's wrath to punish some alleged crime of another of Cuba except for its pacification, and pledged the republic when 1900. CONGRESSIONAL .RECOR.D-HOUSE. 3333 that pacification should be accomplished to leave the government may tleem himself wise and great enough to take into his own of the island to its own people. Nothing was said of the other hands the question of war and peace. But our Government is not possessions of Spain. Our country knew nothing of the Philip­ a monarchy. It is a. republic; and we must reason strictly on pine Islands and cared nothing about the struggles and disorders that basis if we desire to preserve our birthright of freedom. in that remote locality. There was no struggle at all in Puerto It may be said, however, that Congress was in session on the Rico as in Cuba-no revolt, no reports of discontent with Spanish 4th of February, 1899, when hostilities began in the Philippines. rule. Now, it could not be supposed that while rejecting the rich This collision was a very serious event-an armed conflict with a and beautiful island of Cuba, inorderto avouch the purity of our people who but a short time before were as friendly to Americans noble endeavor for its freedom, we should make any reservations, as they had been hostile to Spain, and who had waged a noble whether mental or verbal, that we would appropriate other col­ battle for freedom which all of us had applauded. If, when this onies of Spain as compensation for a war alleged to be begun solely sad event occurred, the policy of the Government was to refuse for the cause of humanity and civilization. It seems to me that all peace negotiation and to conquer by the sword the nine or ten the declaration of disinterestedness asserted in respect to Cuba millions of people residing in these islands, it was unquestionably ought to have been regarded as an expression of the policy of the the duty of the President to submit the facts to Congress and an­ two Houses of Congress and of the American people in relation to nounce his plans for their consideration and decision. This is the whole war and its incidents. The war was not to be waged substantially what be so wisely did in respect to Cuba. for money or territory, but for honor, for humanity, for civiliza­ If he considered that, with only one short month of the session tion, and, as was well said by an eminent Senator, to" abate a remaining and the great annual approp1·iation bills still not framed nuisance." into laws, the Fifty-fifth Congress would not have the time re­ War followed the President's signature on the 20th of April, 1898, quired for the proper consideration of these great and new ques· to these pregnant resolves of Congress. As soon as Spain learned tions, it was easy for him to summon the Fifty-sixth Congress. of the President's signature to the joint resolution requiring her That Congress had been chosen and could have been assembled in to withdraw from Cuba, she proceded to terminate all diplomatic two weeks or even less time. In both bodies of that Congress there relations with the United States. She notified Mr. Woodford, our was a majority of the President's party friends. Surely it ·will minister at Madrid, that the Spanish Government regarded this not be said that in such a body as that there could not be found joint resolution as" equivalent to an evident declaration of war." the wisdom to grapple with the problem. Remember that the This was done on April 21, 1898. On the following day, April war with Spain was closed entirely in 1898. Spain had submitted 22, the President declared a blockade of certain Cuban ports, to our demands. The treaty of peace with her was ratified by the but he based this act and also his proclamation calling for vol­ United States Senate early in February, 1899, and very soon after­ unteers upon the joint resolution by Congress of April 20 and wards by the Spanish Government. Obviously the time had now upon· an act of Congress approved April 22, 1898. It was felt, come for Congress to adjust all the questions growing out of the however, by all persons that as war was to ensue it ought to be Spanish war-the disposition of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and, more par­ preceded by an act of Congress. Following the spirit and text of ticularly, the Philippines-when prompt action by Congress might the Constitution, the President on April 25, 1898, after reciting stay the further effusion of blood. In a public address, delivered the precise situation of affairs, recommended to Congress the at Boston the 16th of February last, the President declared that the adoption of a resolution declaring that a state of war e:rists be­ final disposition of the Philippines belonged to Congress. By fail­ tween the United States and the Kingdom of Spain. Congress ing to summon Congress together he made himself the actual acted immediately on his suggestion, and that very day the Pres­ master of the situation. ident signed the resolution declaring war. Here was the author­ Look at the precedents. Mr. Lincoln called Congress together ity for the war with Spain, in these two acts or resolutions of in 1861. When in May, 1846, hostilities occurred on the Rio Congress dated the 20th and 25th of April, respectively, both passed Grande between our forces and those of Mexico, President Polk pursuant to the Constitution. It was not a Presidential war or laid the facts before Congress immediately and recommended the an act of usurpation, but a war made by the full authority of the policy which Congress then adopted. ¥r· Madison asked the con- . American Congress. sent of Congress before making war against Great Britain in 1812, I have been careful in reciting the various steps by which we although acts of hostility had previously occurred, and our flag went to wai· with Spain, because I,. wish you to compare them with had been fired upon. The examples of Presidents so distinguished the history of our present war in the Philippine Islands. Every ought to govern us, even if we had no written Constitution and step in making the war with Spain was in perfect accordance were groping in the dark for the path of duty. If the Executive with constitutional forms. Congress declared war. Congress de­ may conduct a foreign war for nine or ten months without the fined the causes and purposes of the war. These laws are in­ authority or direction of Congress, why may he not, on the plea scribed on our statute book. The war thus constitutionally de­ of necessity or emergency, impose new taxes and customs duties, clared was supported by the American people regardless of party. or perform any other function expressly assigned to Congress by The valor of our troops and sailors was worthy of our traditions the Federal Constitution? as a martial people and was crowned with speedy and brilliant success. VI. EVENTS PRECEDING HOSTILITIES. But consider the war now being waged against the people of the Mr. Chairman, it isnotmypurposetodetainthe House byrecit­ Philippines. Was that war declared by Congress? Everypne ing at length the history of events in the Philippines prior to the knows the contrary to be the truth. Were its causes and pur­ collision which in February last year led to the present unhappy poses defined by Congress? Never! The legislative body could conflict. That history in all important respects is reported in easily have been convened last spring. Under our Constitution, Senate Document No. 62 of the third session of the Fifty-fifth Congress can not meet in special session without a call of the Congress. This document and the dispatches to the press tell the President, but that act of assemblage by Congress would be a less story of a general revolt against Spain in the island of Luzon, and stretch of power than the initiation of war or hostilities without a general occupation of the country by the insurgents prior to the authority of Congress. Dewey's destruction of the Spanish fleet on May 1, 1898. That V. CONGRESS SHOULD HAVE BEEN CONSULTED. document informs us how the insurgents in large numbers were Tue President could have summoned Congress to meet in March, encamped near Manila and threatening that city. Before Dewey 1899, to deal with all questions growing out of the Spanish war, sailed from the coast of Asia, overtures had been made by the but he would not do so; and thus this war in the Philippines, be­ United States officials at Singapore and Hongkong for the coopera· gun irregularly, has gone on day by day, with its catalogue of suf­ tion of Aguinaldo in the fight against Spanish power. fering and bloodshed, assuming as it progressed larger and larger They arranged for an interview between Commodore Dewey proportions, until the Administration was obliged to employ and Aguinaldo before Dewey sailed. Dewey telegraphed in reply, 65,000 armed men in a war against a people on the opposite side "Tell Aguinaldo to come at once." It was pursuant to these of the globe! And all this is done without formally consulting arrangements for cooperation and alliance wHh the Americans Congress or the American people! I ask you, is this consistent that Aguinaldo went to Manila. Arriving there soon after Com­ with the American Constitution? Does it not violate that sacred modore Dewey's victory of May 1, 1898, he put himself in cooper· instrument in one of its ~ost vital provisions-the regulation of ation with Dewey and received arms and other aid from him. the great war-making power? I admit that when Congress is not Be put himself at the head of the insurgent forces and movement. in session we may be assailed and our rights invaded by a for· He armed them largely with his own means, and at a time when eign government, and that in such cases the President is bound the Americans had no land forces there he had driven the Spanish to protect American interests and, if necessary, to employ force forces into Manila and closely invested the city on the land side, for this purpose; but it is equally his duty in grave and serious cutting off their supplie~ of food and water supply and harass­ cases to convene Congress at once in extraordinary session to pass ing them with constant attacks. He was a friend and an ally-a on the question of war and peace. His functions in such emer­ valuable ally to the United States forces, for it was a good while gencies are defensive. It is for Congress only to convert defensive before enough of our troops arrived at Manila to render his fur· hostilities into war. In a monarchical government the sovereign ther cooperation unnecessary. All this time the relations of the may decline to summon the national legislature to his aid. He United States officers and of the Filipinos were most friendly, It

- 3334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26, was at this time-the 29th of August, 1898-that Commodore on these lines of thought, for all during the month of January, Dewey wrote the Navy Department: 1899, they maintained a diplomatic representative at Washington In a telegram sent to the Department on June 23 I expressed the opinion City. He was not received, though lhe represented a people·who that these people are far superior in their intelligence a.nd are more capable had been our allies during the war with Spain. I mean allies in of self-government than the natives of Cuba., and I am familiar with both races. Further intercourse with them has confirmed me in this opinion. fact and in friendly feeling and with a cordial understanding. These favorable opinions of the Filipinos are confirmed by the VIL THE FATAL COLLISION. recorded testimony of President Schurman, Professor Worcester, I come now to the unfortunate collision which ensued between Mr. John Barrett, Gen. Charles A. Whitten, Gen. Charles King, the American troops and the Filipinos on February 4, 1899. It and a number of eminent Americans familiar with the islands and was an affair of outposts. There is much dispute as to who were their inhabitants. the aggressors, into which question I do not care to enter. But On June 12, 1898, the Filipinos proceeded to hold a national there are some historical facts pertinent to this event which are council and to form a provisional government. They were then undisputed. The treaty of peace with Spain ceding us the Philip­ investing Manila on the land side. They had probably more men pines, to which she had only a technical and a paper title, without in arms than the colonies had at any one time from 1775 to 1783 in any actual possession whatever, was signed on December 10, 1898, the struggle with Great Britain. A few days later, on June 23, at Paris. On D~cember 21, 1898-that is to say, before the treaty Dewey telegraphed that this people were more capable of self-gov­ was communicated to the United States Senate-the President ernment than the Cubans. Is not this dispatch a proof that he ~sued positive instructions to the Secretary of War to be pro­ was then in sympathy with their movement for self-government mu1gated in the Philippines. He stated therein that the destruc­ and independence? He certainly expressed no disapproval of the tion of the Spanish fleet, followed by the capture of Manila, had steps they were taking, nor did any other Army officer or official practically effected the conquest of the Philippine Islands; that then representing the United States Government. • Spain had ceded these islands to the United States, and that under The Filipino government was formally proclaimed on the 23d the rights of sovereignty thus acquired the "actual occupation June, 1898. A congress was provided for, which was to assemble and administration of the entire group of the Philippine Islands" at Malolos, in Luzon, about September 20, 1898. This was an in­ bad become "immediately necessary," and that "the military dependent government. Its formation was matter of world-wide government previously maintained by the United States in the notoriety. Its existence was known in Washington City almost city, harbor, and bay of Manila was to be extended with all possi­ as well as at Manila. Yet no protest or objection was made against ble dispatch to the whole of the ceded territory." it by our Government or any of our officers. Generals Anderson Now, at this very time the military lines and occupation of the .and Merritt did not say a word against it. If there was any pur­ Filipinos covered nearly the whole of the island of Luzon-all of it, pose on the part of our officials to hold on to these islands, or even indeed, save Manila and a very few square miles near by, which to Luzon, would it not have been the fair thing to notify these constituted hardly a hundredth part of the whole island. The Fili­ people that they were going too far? Was it not natural and pino government had been in actual operation over six months, reasonable for them to assume that they would be allowed by us with its capitol located at the city of Malolos, in Luzon, and gov­ to indu1ge their ardent aspiration for a government of their own erning the island, with the full consent of the United States choice? How could they look upon us as mere vulgar conquerors authority. The language of the proclamation undoubtedly meant and imitators of the Spaniards? They bad a highly educated class that these people were to give up their own government, disband among them who were probably familiar with our public declara­ their armies, and submit implicitly to the United States military tion of disinterestedness in respect to Cuba and who conclude!! forces of which General Otis was the head. If they should not at that we would pursue a like policy in regard to them. They had once and unanimously give up their government and disband all indeed done far more to achieve their independence than the Cu­ their armies, conflict was inevitable. In case of resistance "firm­ bans had done. They held then all of Luzon save a few square ness:' and "severity" were to be employed. Such language can miles containing the city of Manila. All their manifestoes and have but one meaning. The Filipinos, or many of them, prob­ public declarations evinced a profound respect and admiration of ably construed it to mean war. Certainly such an interpretation the American Government and people. on their part was very natural. ·It is somewhat difficult to fix the precise time when the scheme It deserves tp be specially noted that this document was not of annexing the Philippine Islands was resolved upon. At the sent to the United States Senate until the 4th of January, 1899. very outset the British press sought to commit us to the reten­ It was then sent in as a confidential document or with confiden­ tion of the Philippines and to the imperial policy. It has been tial papers. It was promulgated in Manila on the same day it asserted that British diplomacy was exerted to the same end, went to the United States Senate. · . possibly with a view to a broader and more far-reaching alliance Would it not have been a wiser course, instead of this order by which her interests were to be promoted and guarded. All requiring "immediate" action by our army in Luzon, for the this ran counter to the wise counsels of Washington and Jeffer­ Executive to maintain the status quoin the islands, holding on to son. If the President agreed with this policy he did not declare l\Ianila and any other point then in our actual possession, and it to Congress when it met in December, 1898. In his annual leaving to the Filipinos, our late allies, the temporary occupation message, dated December 5, 1898, he said that he- · of the remainder of the island, which by their heroism and sacri­ would not discuss at that time the government or the future of the new fices they had wrested from Spain? This state of things bad ex­ possessions which will come to us as the result of the wa.r with Spa.in. Such isted for over six montbs with peace and good will. Surely it could discussion will be appropriate after the treaty of peace shall be ratified. well be suffered to continue at least until the Senate should have The spirit of this remark was wise and in conformity to the acted on the treaty and until Congress should make some decision genius of our institutions. as to the future of these islands, as was apparently contemplated It is true that as early as October 31, 1898, our commission­ by the President in his annual message to Congress. What public ers at Paris demanded of Spain the cession of these islands, but interest would have suffered by a course of patience and concilia­ the fact was not officially made known to Congress until by the tion? President's message to the Senate of January 4, 1899. The terms With this proclaml!.tion, so well calculated to alarm and irritate of the treaty were, however, generally understood, prior to this, this people who had indulged a fond dream of independence, it is to include the cession of the Philippine Islands by Spain for the indeed strange that the Filipino leaders should have been able to sum of 820,000,000, and this fact, coupled with some of the Presi­ restrain their followers as long as they did. Even after the col­ dent's public addresses, was well calculated to alarm and dis­ lision of February 4, 1899, there is ground for the belief that the quiet the Filipino people. Thus the relations of the two parties leaders would have been very glad to make a pacific arrangement, in Luzon, though not hostile, became much strained, not to say but there was no disposition to accept anything but the'\r unqual­ unfriendly. But no formal issue had been made. The President ified submission. I shall not recite the history of the war. Our was not yet formally committed to annexation. The treaty itself armies were reenforced to the number of 65,000 men. Onr Navy had not been ratified. The Senate might perhaps amend it, or, if gallantly cooperated. The American soldiers showed, as all ex­ the Senate preferred to ratify it as it stood rather than run the pected, that they knew how to fight for their flag. The Filipinos ·risk of prolonging a costly war with an unsettled state of affairs have shown that they also know how to make sacrifices and, if following, the President might still turn over to Congress the need be, to die for their independence. Both sides have suffered momentous question of settling the destinies of the nine or-ten greatly. . millions of people living in these islands. It was an ea.~y matter The island of Luzon has been overrun with the usual waste and to make the payment of the twenty millions a basis for the native havoc, and the Filipinos are now split up into small bands. Re­ government surrendering to us such naval station or stations as we sistance is not yet extinguished, but it may be extinguished. On ·might desire and reimburse us the twenty millions as their reve­ the ot.ber hand, some of our best military men say that the war nues might permit. This sum · was a. small amount compared will go on indefinitely. The manner in which ten or fifteen with what we had expended in order to free Cuba from Spanish thousand insurgents in Cuba kept up a contest with Spain and ru1e. her army of 200,000 men for ten or more years shows the great The Filipinos would probably have been only too happy to make difficulty to be expected-in suppressing resistance in a tropical such arrangements with us and maintain their self-government country, with jungles, morasses, swamps, and mountains for the under an American protectorate. These people probably reasoned natives to retreat to and make a stand. It is utterly vain now to 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 33~35

attempt a prophecy about the military situation. I should be of Luzon was at its best, the total foreign trade was only about glad if this suffering and misery could be brought to a close, but $30,000,000, and our profit on it would be a mere bagatelle com­ l fear the end is not yet neaT at hand. pared with the cost of ownership-the Army and Navy needed to Much as I deplore the waste and havoc of war, the loss of valu­ suppress revolts and protect our new possessions. It may be said aole lives, the burden of grievous taxa.tion and increased public that this small trade of the islands, with nine or ten millions of 11 debt, there are, to my mind, other evils which may come to us from people, was because everything was blighted or repressed by this unfortunate situation. We are confronted with the serious Spanish rule. question whether we are to leave these people .to their own gov­ There may be something in this point, but I read that under ernment or whether we are to rule them as subjects. It is not Spanish i·nle Cuba was once a very rich island and had a very now proposed by anybody to admit these people to our citizenship valuable trade. I beg you to remember that the great body of or to allow them to become a~ any time a governing power in our the people of the Philippines have very few wants. They are confederated Republic. No, sir. Theproposition is to treat them very near the equatorial line; the climate is hot. In such cli­ as subjects, perhaps by the military arm~ perhaps by the form or mates there is little demand for animal food. A little rice and pretense of a civil government, the latter to be reenforced by the bread goes a long way. Warm clothing is not required, nor much sword if necessary. How many troops are to be used for our per­ clothing of any kind. The body of the people live in very cheap manent army of occupation we are not told; nor thecost, nor how habitations. They have very few wants. They can live com­ long this state of things is to last. But it is obvious that the leaders fortably and have all the necessaries of life on 5 to 10 cents per of the Republican party are fully committed to the plan of hold­ day. All tropical experiences and reports go to show that under ing these ielands by the strong" hand of power at any and all cost such conditions the inferior races-the African, Indian~ and Malay of blood and treasure. They even go so far as to assert that Con­ races-will not work any more than is absolutely necessary to make gress has a right to legislate for these islands outside of the Con­ a bare support. They will produce no surplus for export. They stitution. In their creed our noble Constitution is a. movable do not care for your civilization or your artificial wants, the feast, and not the daily bread by which thespirit of liberty is to product of a hiG"h civilization. They--will not work to accumu­ be fed. Yet many of those who now uphold this strange doctrine late. The Mongolian adventurers or laborers maybe more indus­ not long ago stood up in this very Hall and swore before God to trious. They constitute a little over a twentieth part of the whole support and obey the Constitution of the United States. population of the islands. VIII. THE PLEA OF A LARGER TRADE WITH THE ORIENT. Suppose, however, that by some magic you can recreate the people of Luzon and give them the wants and cravings of our own The pleas upon which we are to adopt this new policy of con­ people and that they will then go to work and produce something quest and empire are utterly devoid of truth and logic. Such wherewith to trade with you. What will it be? What can they especially is the claim that our trade with the Orient will be produce that we will want? As the able gentleman from Missis­ largely enhanced and become exceedingly profitable. It is said sippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] pointed out lately in this House, will not that we must have new markets and that the trade of these islands the new and augmented productions involve a dangerous competi­ is but a stepping-stone to that of China. It is over 600 miles from . tion with our own industries by a class of laborers who can live Manila to Hongkong, and it is hard to see any connection between well on 10 cents a day while our laborers expect a dollar and up­ the trade with Manj]a and that with China. Vessels going to ward? Look at their products. What are they? In the first China do not touch at Manila; it is far out of the way. I admit, place, there is the product of sugar. There was a time in our I recognize the great importance of our present trade with China. history when Louisiana produced one-half of the sugar the coun­ I admit and can easily foresee that if our rights and interests are try consumed. properly cared for our prospective trade with China may swell Now we have the competition of beet sugar-I mean the Ameri­ to grand proportions, and perhaps in time equal or surpass our can beet-sugar industry. This is a fair rivalry, of which Loui­ present trade with Europe. Why do I say this? Because China siana does not complain. But you are letting in the cooly and is inhabited by four or five hundred millions of an industrious, slave or contract grown sugar of the Hawaiian Islands duty free, energetic race, who live in a temperate climate like our own and and you will soon let in free the pauper-grown sugar of Puerto who are just begmning to adopt the industrial arts by which a Rico. Your next step is to develop sugar in the Philippines and people become rich and powerful. They are keen traders and crush 'out the beet-sugar industry of the Pacific coast and the industrious artisans. cane sugar of Louisiana. Do you propose to carry the negro la­ At present the body of the population live on very scanty wages; borers of Louisiana to the Philippines after you have starved they produce very little per capita. Consequently they have not them out? Suppose you develop the growth of tobacoo. 'Will a great deal at present to offer in exchange, and all commerce that help the tobacco grown in Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, or rests on an exchange of surplus products. Their production will Connecticut? Arethe profits of this class, burdened so heavily al­ increase rapidly-perhaps I may say dangerously-and with the ready by your internal-revenue tax, so large that you must needs surplus products to export they will be able and willing to import. spend the resources of the whole Union in order to break them But, ~ir, I am reminded that it is already announced that the State down by the competition of Malays and Mongolians? Department has concluded arrangements with foreign powers by virtue of which if they hold or acquire teITitory in China, or have X. INFLUENCE UPON MARKET FOR COTTON AND OTHER PRODUCTS. what is called "spheres of influence" our wares and merchan­ It has been suggested by some inconsiderate people that we dise are to suffer no prejudice, but are to be admitted freely into could have a profitable market for our cotton in the Philippines. China, as heretofore. I fear very much that such understanding It would be far wiser to send our coals to Newcastle. Living in may have very little practical value when the crisis arises. a tropical clime, these people have little need for clothing and If, however, I am mistaken in this and our future commerce is would consume very little cotton; but with industry on their part, well guarded, then we may dismiss the Philippines as a factor in or, what is more Jikely, on the part of Chinese and Japanese labor­ the China trade. If, however, as may well turn out, our trade in ers, they can, in all probability, produce cotton of the best quality. and with China is to be discriminated against by rapacious Eu­ They bad produced long-staple cotton until the Spanish Govern­ ropean powers who are now actively grabbing Chinese territory, ment stepped in and arrested the production. They can resume then our power to protest and repel such injustice and injury to this product and develop it, beyond a doubt. With the Chinese and . our trade· will not be augmented by our being loaded up with a Japanese, if not with native Malay labor, they can manufacture rebellious set of colonies in the Philippines, which we are to watch, tliis cotton, paying 5 or 10 cents per day for their operatives. guard, and keep in order. The energies, the money, the military How would this sort of "expansion" benefit New England or and naval power already expended in the conquest of the Philip­ South Carolina or Georgia or other States in which the manu­ pines might very well be reserved for employment in the great facture of cotton goods is a profitable industry? Is this your and important problem now looming up before us, namely: Are "white man's burden" that you are so eager to assume? we to have the trade with China to which we are fairly entitled I consider. sir, that the argument of the Representative from by reason of our varied products, the skill and energy of our peo­ Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] is conclusive on this subject! and that ple, and our favorable position on the Pacific Ocean? Does it not if the production of these islands is to be stimulated, it will be on · look~ sir, as if we were sacrificing substance for shadow in our agricultural lines and will form a competition with home indus­ frantic struggles to absorb the Philippines? tries that are now barely able to maintain themselves under a sys­ IX. VALUE OF THE PHILIPPINES' TRADE. tem of taxation that has littleregard for the farmeror the planter. There is one other industry in which our people are even more The trade with the Philippines-how much is it worth? How likely to suffer. I refer to the hemp-growing industry, a most much can it be worth to us as compared with our trade in other import.ant one in some of our Western States. This industry has directions? Well, you will not, under a free-trade or :i open-door" policy, have any special advantages. The European nations, by already been developed in Luzon; and if peace ever come3, then, by virtue of the Suez Canal, are nearer to the Philippines than we are the aid of Chinese labor, it will be a formidable competitor with or will be until perhaps a canal is built across the Isthmus. But·as­ our own hemp-growing industry. sume that after annexing the Philippines we impose a tariff suffi­ XI. TROPJO.AL TRADE. cient to give us the control of the whole impor.t trade. It would Sir, there is a :wide misapprehension in respect to the relative give us very little. According to the last returns, when the island value of a tropical trade. In order to estimate it properly, it CONGRESSIONAL llEOORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26, may be well to consider where our exports go to. It will be found, '·'forcible annexation" would promote our trade with China and sir, that they go chiefly to countries lying in temperate regions­ would also give us a valuable trade with these islands themselves. to races like our own-energetic, intelligent, industrious, and who I think that I have shown successfully that there is nothing in have developed the wants and needs of a l:figh civilization. Now, the so-called commercial argument; that the only trade possible for the caiendar year 1898 our total exports were 81,255,546,266; with the islands, if it could be developed, would be to stimulate for the year 1899, they were $1,275,499,671. I take the latter year. dangerous competition with our own agricultural industries by Of this last sum we sent to Europe, $959,234,520. We sent to the growth of hemp, sugar, tobacco, and cotton; that so far from France, $70,107,127; to Germany, $161,405,852, and to the Nether­ aiding our trade with China the retention of a colony of rebellious lands, $83,601,438. To Great Britain we sent $509,958,335. We subjects would, by requiring an army and navy to be kept there, sent to British North America, $88,284, 778. embarrass us in the attempt to enforce om rights and interests in Now, compare these·exports with our exports to tropical coun­ respect to the great prospective trade of China, and finally, that tries: To Brazil, with its enormous area and varied production, there are large and fertile countries to the southward, such as we sent $11,453,997; to all the West Indies, lying right at our door, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, Brazil, and others. far more $44,071,055; to Cuba, although at peace, we sent only $24,861,261. worthy of our attention and where trade would be more easily It may be said that Cuba was still suffering from the :war. Then secured. turn to Mexico, peaceful, orderly, and progressive. She took from The commercial argument, therefore, is opposed to all our ex­ us only $29,309,802. It is a very large country, with considerable perience and to common sense and is shown to be worthless. It variety of soil and products and with our railroads running has rested on the pure assumption of hasty and ignorant de­ through the country. but she needed only twenty-nine millions of claimers. Unless this argument can be shown to be perfectly well our exports. Mexico is a tropical or semitropical country, and founded, it can not be counted against the cost of the war, the her people have different wants from our own or from Canada, to evils of a colonial system, the growth of militarism, and the seri­ which we sent some $88,000,000. ous injury to our form of government-the abandonment of the To the Philippine Islands we exported $69,459 in 1897. That republican idea and the adoption by us of European ideas and was prior to our war with Spain. In 1898 we exported $147,846, methods of government. It must also be considered that if we and last year only $1,6'63,213, though we bad a large army there. are going into the business of land-grabbing and conquest in Asi­ 'fhere is nothing to prove that we can ever expect to have a large atic waters, we weaken the position and arguments by which we export trade with the Philippine Islands compared with what we have heretofore maintained the Monroe doctrine in North and may expect with South America, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, and Central South America. The two policies are absolutely contradictory. America. As compared with our export trade to Europe and our In the one case we forbid conquests and forcible annexation by prospective exports to China, the possibilities of our export trade others; in the other case we employ 65,000 soldiers and our Navy with the Philippines are absolutely insignificant. But if tropical to work out a conquest over an unwilling people 7,000 miles off, trade is to dominate our imagination and control our policy, it who desire independence. We set the example of the very policy would be far better to see what we can do in the West Indies, or we object to in Europe.an governments. Mexico, or Central America, or in South America, or -tropical XIII. COST OF THE W .A..R. Africa, instead of wasting our blood and treasure in building up What, sir, is the cost of the war in the Philippines? All the customers in Luzon. Our present policy there may lead to some orators who favor imperialism seem to shrink from giving us this large demand for mourning goods, but that wretched people will important information. Is it because they do not regard the not be able to buy them. ·question of fifty or a hundred millions of dollars per annum as I repeat it, sir, we should avail ourselves of our great natural ad­ worthy ofconsideration by the American taxpayers, or is it because vantages and proximity to Cuba and the West Indies, to Mexico, they feel that it would be a dangerous branch of the subject for Central America, and the South American governments. Our them to discuss? We have no estimates from any of them on this political relations with Mexico and South America. are cordial, subject. ·we are called on to plunge intotbisnewpolicywithout Practically these governments arei by virtue of the Monroe doc­ considering whether it will or will not increase the public bur­ trine, placed under an American protectorate. We say to Europe, dens. I may remark right here that the estimates of cost from "Stand off; nolandgrabbingthere." Withsuchrelations, with a the opponents of imperialism have not been challenged., so far as study of their markets and requirements, our people ought to be I know. I believe, sir, that the Army of the United States, in able to absorb much the larger portion of the trade with South proportion to its numbers, is more expensive than that of any America, the West Indies, and Mexico. Here is a prize indeed, other country. The estimate of cost per man, taking officers and but let it be pursued by the arts of peace. The sword is not needed. men together, is $1,000 per man for a year. A.s we have 65,000 Let American skill, invention, and genius solve the problem. men in the Philippines, that alone would mean $65,000,000. There may perhaps be legislative aids to such trade, which I have But when you consider that all your men, munitions of war, not now the time to discuss. But I hope that there will be no ef­ food, and other supplies must be transported 7,000 miles from our fort by our Government to develop trade with those countries at coast, it is apparent that the expense of the war must be fully one the expense of our own struggling agricultural industries. hundred millions per annum, especially if you include the unu-­ XII. A SUMMARY. sual expenses for the Navy. This does not include the prospective In the remarks I have submitted I have endeavored to show expense from pensions. Considering the climate and the charac· that, starting out with the proposition that war, even when nec­ ter of the service, this charge must be very large, even if there essary, is an awful calamity and sacrifice, we have drifted into were to be no further combats or special exposure on the part of this present war against the people of the Philippines without any the troops. Probably no troops have ever had to undergo greater necessity and occasion for it; that they were our allies in the fight hardship and exposure since the days of the French invasion of With Spain; that they· were most friendly and cordial toward the Russia by Napoleon. The estimates of some good judges place Government and people of the United States; that the government the cost of this war at $150,000,000 per annum. One thing is cer· they set up atMalolos, in the island of Luzon, was organized with­ tain, the actual cost of war almost always outruns expectations out objection from our officers in Luzon or from the Washington or estimates. No one ever dreamed the Spanish war would cost Admh;i.istration; that they had every reason to suppose it would as much as it did. be recognized; that this government operated for over six months It may be urged, sir, that the cost of the war and of retaining all over the island of Luzon save a very few square miles includ­ the Philippines will be much less hereafter. A people who have ing the city of Manila, and that the attempt to overthrow it and held our Army at bay for over a year and are still fighting us substitute therefor a military government of the United States will, in any case, require a large army of occupation. Luzon is a Army was an act premature and tending to conflict, and was never large island. It is 40,000 square miles, and the country presents authorized and approved by Congress, to which body, under our every facility for insurrectionary operations-more, even, than Constitution, belonged the settlement of the whole matter. I re­ Cuba. It would be necessary to keep np garrisons all over the call these facts, not with any feeling of acrimony or to impute islands and to protect their communications. Yon would require bad motives to others, but to show that the policy pursued has fortifications, not only against the natives, bnt against aII possible been most unwise and unfortunate. antagonists. You would need a strong naval force. The expense At this stage of affairs, after a year of costly war in Luzon, we of occupation could not be brought much below a hundred mil· are confronted with the grave questions: Are these islands to be lions of dollars. permanently held as a part of our possessions either as a subject XTV. QUI :BONO? colony or as an incipent State or States of the Union? Very few But this is not all. After you have done it all-put down all persons, if any, propose the latter scheme at this time, but as there resistance, conciliated the people you are crushing, and caused are no limits to human folly some will probably urge it in the them to love you-have you not given a hostage to fortune'? Is future. The great body of the so-called "expansionists" propose not Hawaii now at the mercy of any European government with to hold the Philippines as dependencies and to govern them as whom you may have a war? Wonld not the Philippines be even England governs India, Ceylon, and Jamaica-that is, by military more exposed? Can you say that you will have no war hereafter force-or as France dominates Madagascar. The advocates of this with any strong power? Yon have had actual hostilities with plan rest their case chiefly on the commercial argume~t that this France in the past, and strained relations with Germany not long 1900. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3337

ago, and with Italy also. With Great Britain yon have had two I common people a better recognition of their rights, and pointed long and bloody wars and a number of difficulties leading to the the way to the liberation and advancement of all mankind. A very verge of war. You have still unsettled questions with her. nation that could do this by purely moral force was more than a What is your naval power? We are greatly inferior to France world power in modern vulgar acceptation. and Russia, and are outranked by Great Britain eight or ten to When was there ever such expansion as ours? We subdued the one. We are now about equal in sea power to Germany, but if forest and the field; we conquered all obstacles between us and the the naval programme of the German Government be carried out Pacific; we dominated the forces of nature or harnessed them to our we will be much inferior to that Government two or three years chariot. We did all this without the sa<::rifice of our free Consti­ from now. Italy is perhaps not quite equal to us, but a combina- tution, without wrong or injustice to other nations, without mak­ tion of Italy and Austria is not unreasonable. If we fought one ing a king out of a president or invading the grand sovereign we would have to fight both. Japan will probably be stronger power of the American people. than we are on sea two or three years from now. All honor to this expansion, an expansion not half completed, Th03e are not pleasant facts, but they are undeniable. So that hardly begun, arid destined to go on so long as American genius, unless we greatly increase our naval armament our new posses- force, and industry shall live under free institutions. But we sions will be cut off from us in case of war. It follows that no must be careful not to suffer to be substituted for our American matter how clear our cause of quarrel, we will be hampered in expansion the cheat, the bastard child of European imperialism. • case of war by this new imperial policy. In this connection it is xvrr. THE LOUISIANA PURGLASE. well to reflect that two-thirds of our whole Army is now in the Philippines. A considerable portion of our Navy is also there. It The large teITitorialacq uisitions we have made on this continent would take much time and expense to bring them home. Is it not were all made fairly and honorably. Our first acquisition was obvious that while we have by this unfortunate policy multiplied the great Louisiana. purchase by Thomas Jefferson-a vast domain h d sold to us by France and practically unoccupied at the time we the chances of war with oth er powers we ave rea11 ylessene our acquired it. There were in Louisiana-I mean the present limits war-making power and diminished our security at home against of the State-a few thousand whites who freely accepted our rule, a fornign foe? Instead of protecting our grand home country on and outside there were large areas over which numerous savage the Atlantic and the Pacific, we shall have to guard Puerto Rico, and nomadic tribes wandered, camped, and fought, without order' Hawaii, and the Philippines, or at least so much of the latter as progress, cities, farms or civilization. The country was contiguous we now occupy. There is a very large part of the Philippine to our western borders. It was the natural outlet forouradvanc­ group, say one-half of the whole, where we have made no attempt ing settlements, and was capable of being molded into great and whatever at occupation. There the savage polygamist roams at prosperous States composed of a white and homo~eneous popula- will-his own sweet will. tion. We introduced no dangerous or incongruous~ elements into I think, sir, that if we are to pursue the policy on which we our political system. The acquisition of Florida was in like fash- are entering, a regular army of at least one to two hundred ion. Texas was a free and independent State composed mainly of thousand men will be required and a navy at least four or five white people, which sought our political embrace. It has grown times what we now possess. More than that, we will need a c 1 h c lif · d l\ British or some other alliance to guard against any p~sible com- to be a great ommonwea t . a orma an New Iexico were bination against us. It would not be enough for us to be strong. occupied by our forces during the Mexican war. They were very We would have to combine with one or more powers. I need not sparsely settled. They might have been claimed and held by us tell you, sir, that such an alliance with England or other coun- as a war indemnity, but we paid Mexico for this tenitory, and tries would involve concessions by us and bargains and sacrifices now they are settled by a vigorous and enterprising white race of r th d our own blood. In an this there was no vulgar greed of con- t h at no b o d Y now could f oresee. I b e rnve that e a vice of quest. They were contiguous countries, practically unsettled and Washington to avoid ''entangling alliances" embodies a sound unoccupied, and were capable of being fashioned by immigration national policy and is yet dear to all patriotic Americans. into homogeneous American communities, as they have been. I wish to say here that if three years ago any man had pre- To assert that these honorable, natural, and wise acquisitions dieted that the United States Government would send an army of territory on our own continent resemble the proposed forcible of 65,000 soldiers across the seas to conquer a people of eight or annexation of the inferior races, some 9,000,000 or more, inhab­ ten millions of another race, with the purpose to hold them as a iting the Philippine Islands, 7,000 miles from our western shores subject colony, he would have been regarded either as a madman and densely populated, is to insult the popular intelligence. What or a slanderer of the American people and their Government. alien, hostile, and incongruous nations and organized communities xv. FACE To FACE WITH MILITARis~ did we subjngate in order to acquire Texas, California, Florida, We are now brought face to face with militarism. Some twenty and Louisiana? What peoples did we conquer, overrun, and rav· years ago a great railroad president publicly advocated an armv age in order to deprive them of their government and to substitute of 40,000 men. It was after a great strike of employees. The our own? proposition was justly scouted as a monstrous departure from our Let it not be forgotten that the Philippine Islands are 7,000 traditional policy of a small standing army. Now we are invited miles away from our extreme western coast, that their total arna to adopt the colonial system of European monarchs and the sys- is ouly114,000 square miles, and that they are already more densely tern of militarism and great armies which has been the curse of populated than Ohio or New Yo1·k by a population who do not France, Germany, Austria., Russia, and all the Continent. Even desire our rule, but are resisting it and sacrificing property and England is not free from it. She is now busy sending 150,000 to life itself to maintain their independence. Is not this policy one 200,000 soldiers many thousand miles by sea to conquer two little of imperialism? Will anybody say it is republicanism-the re­ republics in South Africa, and is spending at the rate of three or publicanism of our fathers? In whatdoesitdi:fferfrom the policy four hundred millions of dollars per year in an unnecessary war. of British, German, or French imperialism? How does it differ It is this system of "militarism" which has driven so many good from the British policy in India or in South Africa? We subju· men to this country which we are now called on toimitate in this gate alien and inferior races many millions in number; we govern favored land. Sir, I fear that it means much more than foreign them by the sword as subjects, and yet we shrink from the little conquest. It means the subversion of our free institutions, the word "imperialism." It is not nece,ssary, however, to discuss rule of the sword, and the reduction of our workingmen to the terms or phrases when you once discard liberty, set aside·your condition of vassalage exceeding that proposed for the Philippines. free Constitution, and enthrone a government of force and des- It means an absolute conquest of labor by the forces of capital. potic authority. XVI. GR.A.ND RESULTS OF LEOITDIATE "EXPANSION." Is it true that empire is the real and final goal .and outcome of An attempt is made to cover up this policy of imperialism and all free republics? Is our old logic false, our Constitution a mis· militarism by the employment of the mild phrase "expansion." take or out of date, and the immortal Declaration an inconven­ Sir, there is no objection from any quarter to legitimate expan- ient reminiscence-athreadbaregarmentwhichfashionandinter· · h h · f h' d R bl. fr est require us now to discard? Is our creed henceforth to be the s10n, sue as t e expansion t 18 gran epu ic om l789 up right of the stwnger power, not the divine principle of justice? to the advent of this unhappy° war. It was an expansion in terri- tory-contiguous a::id unsettled territory-expansion in wealth, The Monroe doctrine, long so hateful to European monarchies- commerce, population, power, science, invention, in all the won- is it to be discarded as mere rubbish? For if the idea of foreign derful arts of peace, by an intelligent, free, and liberty-loving conquests and forcible annexations is to prevail, we will certainly population. This expansion has been the wonder and admiration find it very bard to hold on to the Monroe doctrine. of the world. It has lifted us from the position of a feeble Re- XVIII. ouR TRUE GLORY. public with some three millions of people in 1783 to the rank of a There is another and a better way than all this folly. Our true first-class power, able to face any nation on the earth in a just glory, our growth, our freedom consist not in conquest, subject quarrel. Yes, "a world power"-not because we have coveted colonies, or militarism, but in the paths of liberty, industry, and foreign territory all over the world, but because there was no peace. Every great power desires our friendship. Pursuing our power in the world that dared to do us a wrong. A "world old methods, what have we to fear from any one of them? What power" because our political ideas and example had permeated need of a gr~at standing army, of war and conscription, or of the thoughts of men all over the civilized world, gained for the a great absolute government governing colonies by the swol'd, 3338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. MARCH 26, repeating all over the world the cruelties and the wholesale corrup­ Mr. RICHARDSON. And they do desire to be heard on this tions which have so often stained the· pages of history and from bill. which it was our proud boast that we were entirely free? We Mr. HULL. Now, I will say to my friend that of all the mem­ have reached, I believe, the turning point in our national history. bers of the committee that I have talked to, the gentleman from We can stand by the old Constitution and the old ways, or we can Virginia [Mr. HAY] told me when leaving, as he had to leave enter llpon the new paths-new to us, but long familiar to the in­ to-day, that if he could have twenty or twenty-five minutes under famous despots of the Old World. The new programme of colo­ the five-minute rule it would amply suffice for him; and the gen­ nies and imperialism involves a deadly conflict with the very tleman from Ohio [Mr. LENTZ] said ·be was not ready to speak genius of free government and with all the fundamental princi­ to-day, and if he had an hour that would amply suffice him; and ples of onr free institutions. these are the only gentlemen that have made any requests to me The issue is so moment0us, so immediate and pressing, that it on the matter. can not be obscured by questions of currency and tariff, however Mr. SULZER. I want my hour; I want the gentleman from important they may be. The issue is before the American people Iowa to understand that. to-day for their decision. Heretofore they have not had the op­ Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. To avoid any further controversy, portunity to pass upon it, but they will ere long be heard from, Mr. Chairman, I can continue my remarks to-night; but I am not and I can not doubt their verdict. It will be, 1 believe, for lib­ so well prepared, and I am afraid they will not be so interesting erty, the Constitution, and the Union, without any admixture of as they might be if I postponed them until to-morrow. imperialism, huge standing armies, militarism, conscriptions and Mr. HULL. . I am willing to remain a half or three-quarters of wars, or entangling alliances with foreign powers. (Great ap- an hour in order that the gentleman from Louisiana may finish plause on the Democratic side.] . his remarks. I should like to have an opportunity to conclude my remarks The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Louisiana has the floor. to-morrow. Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Mr. Chairman, I will yield the re­ Mr. HULL. Can not the gentleman conclude his remarks to­ mainder of my time to the gentleman from New York [Mr. SULZER]. night? Mr. RULL. I want the gentleman from Louisiana to under­ Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. I would rather not. I have some stand that I would not cut him off to-morrow if the general de­ matter that I desire to produce then. bate is to last indefinitely. That is the only question. Mr. Chair­ Mr. HULL. Would the gentleman be willing to have permis­ man, I move that the Committee do now rise. Eion to extend his remarks in the RECORD, so that he could fix it The CHAIRMA.J..~. The gentleman from New York does not up in that way? demand the floor and the gentleman from Iowa moves that the Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. I have some very good matter committee do now rise. which I would like to present to the House upon a proper occasion. The motion was agreed to. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman reserve the balance of Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ his time and yield the floor? sumed the chair, Mr. SHERMAN, Chairman of the Committee of Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Yes, sir. the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that Mr. HULL. I wan_t to say that I understand the gentleman committee had had undei· consideration House bill 8582, and had from Ohio [Mr. LENTZ] will come in in the morning, and after he come to no resolution thereon. has concluded, if there is no one on this side who wants to speak, REPRINT OF ARMY APPROPRIATION BILL. I want to move to close debate. Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I understand that it is impossible for Mr. SULZER. I hope the gentleman will not. make that mo­ members of the House to get copies of the bill, the edition having tion. There are several other gentlemen on this side who want been exhausted. I ask unanimous consent that a reprint of the to be heard. · bill be ordered, so that it may be here to-morrow morning. Mr. HULL. It seems to me that we have this afternoon vir­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa asks unanimous tually gone through the time that they desired, and 1 believe consent for a reprint of House bill 8582, being the Army appropri­ gentlemen would have preferred to speak under the five-minute ation bill. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears rule and extend their remarks in the RECORD. One gentleman none, and it is so ordered. said his only object in jumping in was to fill up the time. Now, Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that I submit that the Committee on Military Affairs is exceedingly general debate on the Army bill be concluded at half past 2 on pressed for time. lt has an investigation on hand that is costing W e<;lnesday next. the Government at least $100 a day, and with a vast amount of Mr. HULL. I object to that, Mr. Speaker; we do not need so work tba,.t it ought to do, and which in justice to Congress ought much debate. to be submitted to it, the sooner we ge~ through with this bill .the better it will be for the Government and all parties concerned. The SPEAKER. Objection is made. Mr. RICHARDSON. In reply, Mr. Chairman, to what the ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. gentleman has said, a number of gentlemen on this side of the Mr. BAKER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported House who desired to speak really on the bill were not prepared that they had examined and found truly enrolled bills and joint after 4 o~clock and did not know that an opportunity would be given resolutions of the following titles; when the Speaker signed the to them .to speak this afternoon, and for that rnason there was same: some little difficulty for a few moments in getting a speaker; but H. R. 4854. An act granting a pension to James L. Whidden; there are gentlemen on this side who desire to be heard and ask H. R. 6031. An act granting an increase of pension to James for the time. W. Carmody; Mr. HULL. In the consideration of the bill under the five­ H. R. 6028, An act granting a pension to John H. Meeker; minute rule they could obtain a reasonable time. There will be H. R. 2792. An act granting a pension to Peter Cummings; no disposition to hold members down strictly to the rule of the H. R. 7622. An act granting an increase of pension to Peter M. House in regard to what they may say in the five-minute debate, Heaton; · and believing there would be a liberal construction in the com­ H. R. 5229. An act granting a pension to Sarah Potter; mittee, I am anxious to permit a full enough depate in this way. H. R. 6139. An act granting a pension to Lucinda Haggard; Mr. SULZER. I trust my fr~end will carry out the agreement H. R. 6144. An act granting an increase of pension to Margaret made this morning in the committee. A. Porter; Mr. HULL. That agreement can not be carried out, because it H. R. 3809. An act granting an increase of pension to Elisha B. can not be carried out in full. Seaman; Mr. SULZER. So far as we are concerned, we are willing to H. R. 206. An act granting an increase of pension to Isaac D. carry it out the same as it was agreed upon in committee. Smith; M:r. HULL. So far as debate has been had, no gentleman on · H. R. 1944. An act granting an increase of pension to Eli C. this side has demanded any time, except the time that I took for Walton; the purpose of trying to explain the bill, and I do not know of any · H. R. 5126. An act granting an increase of pension to James J. gentleman on this side who wants time. McMains; Mr. SULZER. I know of three members of the committee who H. R. 541. An act granting a pension to Ellen Norwood; each want an hour. H. R. 2382. An act granting an increase of pension to Eli Over­ ~fr. HULL. I want to serve notice on my friend from Louisi­ hultz; ana, so that if any motion is made to-morrow he can not say H. R. 7114. An act granting an increase of pension to John S, advantage was taken of anybody. Parker; . Mr. RICHARDSON. But the gentleman knows that this bill H. R. 7896. An act granting sn increase of pension to Samuel carries about $112,000,000 or 115,000,000. Lybarger; Mr. HULL. Certainly. H. R. 5180. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas Mr. RICHARDSON. And the members of the committee. who Adams; desire to be heard ought to be heard upon it. H. R. 4298. An act granting an increase of pension to John ll. Mr. HULL. Certainly. McCord; 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3339

H. R. 539. An act granting a pension to Louisa S. Wilson; REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND H. R. 4961. An act granting an increase of pension to Margaret RESOLUTIONS. ·Gangloff; -, Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills and reso1ntions of the H. R. 6911. An act granting an increase of pension to James R. following titles were severally reported from committees, deliv­ Sawtell; er·ed to the Clerk, and referred to the Committee of the Who~e H. R. 5949. An act granting a pension to Frederick Weber; House, as follows: H. R. 1989. An act granting a pension to Marie Wiersang; ·J\fr. STANLEY W. DAVENPOR'T, from the Committee on . H. R. 4441. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 7418) C. Krickbaum; granting an increase of pension to George Garrett, reported the H. R. 2802. An act granting an increase of pension to John W. same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 77 4); which Brisbois; said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. H. R. 554:6. An act granting an increase of pension to George Mr. CRAWFORD, from the Committee on Pensions, to which White; was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 2734) granting an in­ H. R. 3966. An act granting an increase of pension to David crease of pension to Dolly L. Harrell, reported the same with Talmon; amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 775); which said bill H. R. 5544. An act granting a pension to Lona A. Morgan; and report were referred to the Private Calendar. H. R. 6092. An act granting a pension to Louisa Stearns; Mr. STANLEY W. DAVENPORT, from the Committee on H. R. 7368. An act granting an increase of pension to Sher­ Pensions, to which was referred the bi11 of the House ( H. R. 2621) man D. Plues; granting a pension to Ida Wiederhold, reported the same with H. R. 3470. An act granting an increase of pension to George amendment1 accompanied by a report (No. 776); which said bill W. Weeden; and and report were referred to the Private Calendar. H. R. 2389. An act granting an increase of pension to Edward Boyle. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now ad· INTRODUCED. jonrn. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials The motion was agi·eed to; and accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 6 of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow at 12 o'clock follows: noon • . By Mr. ALDRICH: A bill (H. R. 99!}0 ) to establish a diplomatic, consular, and civil-service college of the United States at or near EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Washington, D. C.-to the Committee on Foreign-Affairs. · Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive commu­ By Mr. JENKINS: A bm (H. R. 9991) to acquire by condemna­ nications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as tion land and water rights at the Great Falls of the Potomac-to follows: · the Committee on the District of Columbia. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy By Mr. MANN: A bill (H. R. 9992) to fix the compensation of of a communication from the Secretary of the Interior submitting surfmen employed in the Life-Saving cervice of the United States­ an estimate of appropriation for an additional clerk in the office of to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the Commissioner of Education-to the Committee on Appropria­ By Mr. CUMMINGS: A bill (H. R. 9993) to amend section4965, tions, and ordered to be printed. chapter 3, Title LX, of the Revised Statutes of the United States, A ietter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy relating to.copyrights-to the Comruittee on Patents. of a communication from the Secretary of War submitting an By Mr. BUTLER: A bill (H. R. 9994) abolishing the farther estimate of appropriation for t'oyalty for telescopic sights fur­ employment of per diem draftsmen and establishing a force of nished the War Department-to the CoD?-mittee on Appropriations, naval architects as a part of the regular establishment of the Bu­ and ordered to be printed. reau of Construction and Repair in the Navy Department-to the A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a copy Committee on Naval Affairs. of a communication from the Commissioner of lnilian Affairs and By Mr. LITTLE, from the Committee on Indian Affairs: A bill the draft of a bill relating to cession of the Pipestone H.eservation, (B. R.-9995) levying certain taxes for the education of children in Minnesota-to the Committee on Indian Affairs, and ordered residing in the Indian Territory, and for other purposes-to the to be printed. House Calendar. By Mr. OLMSTED: A bill (H. R. 9996) to authorize the Secre­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND tary of War to cause to be investigated and to_provide for the RESOLUTIONS. payment of all just claims against the United States for private Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow­ property taken and used in the military service or damaged or ing titles were severally reported from committees, delivered to destroyed within the limits of the State of Pennsylvania during the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, the war with Spain-to the Committee on War Claims. as follows: By Mr. WILLIAM E. WILLIAMS: A bill (H. R. 9997) making Mr. BROSIUS from the Committee on Banking and Currency, appropriation for dredging Hamburg Bay-to the Committee on to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 1118) for the H.ivers and Harbors. better control of and to promote the safety of national banks, re­ Also, a bill (H. R, 9998) for the appointment of a commission ported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. to investigate the overflow and -sanitary effects caused by the 770); which said bill and report were referred to the House Cal­ Kampsvillt;i Dam on the Illinois River-to the Committee on In­ endar. terstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. KAHN, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to which By Mr. YOUNG: A bill (H. R. 9999) for the relief of certain was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9879) to detach certain officers and enlisted men of the Volunteer Army, and for other counties from the United States judicial dish'ict of northern purposes-to the Committee on War Claims. California and to annex such counties to the United States By Mr. FLYNN: A bill (H. R. 10000) for the protection of the judicial district of southern California, to divide said southern members of Osage and Kansas tribes of Indians in Oklahoma district of California into two divisions, and to provide for the Territory, and for other purposes-to the Committee on Indian holding of terms of court at the city of Fresno and city of Los Affairs. Angeles, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by By Mr. SHERMAN: A bill (H. R. 10033) to authorize the Sec­ a report (No. 771); which said bill and report were referred to retary of War to purchase Constitution Island, in the S~ate of the House Calendar. New York, for the use of the United States-to the Committee on Mr. LITTLE, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to which Military Affairs. was referred House bill 9492, reported in lieu thereof a bill (H. R. By Mr. KAHN: A bill (H. R. 10034) for establishing a permanent - 9995) levying certain taxes for the education of children residing consulting and circulating library in the city of Manila, Philip­ in the Indian Territory, and for other purposes, accompanied by pine Islands, for the us6, principally, of American soldiers and a report (No. 772); which said bill and report were referred to the sailors-to the Committee on Insular Affairs. Honse Calendar. By Mr. LOUD: A bill (H. R.10035) to amend the post.al laws· Mr. STANLEY W. DAVENPORT, from 'the Committee on relating to second-class mail matter-to the Committee on the Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 6959) Post-Office and Post-Roads. to amend an act approved January5, 1893, entitled" An act grant­ ing increase of pension to soldiers of the Mexican war in certain PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. cases," so as to extend the provisions of said act to all Mexican Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of soldiers pensionable under law, reported the same with amend­ the following titles were introduced and severally referred as ment, accompanied by a i·eport (No. 773); which said bill and follows: . report were referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the By Mr. BAKER: A bill (H. R. 10001) for the relief of the heirs state of the Union. of Joseph T. Stout-to the Committee on Ways and Means.

. - 3340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 26,

. By Mr. BERRY: A bill (H. R. 10002) for the relief of Reuben against the Loud bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Tedrow-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Post-Roads. By l\Ir. BROWNLOW: A bill (H. R. 10003) for the reliefof Also, memorial of the Philadelphia Board of Trade, requesting LewiB F. Self-to the Committee on Claims. the passage of the shipping bill-to the Committee on the Merchant By Mr. CALDWELL: A bill (H. R. 10004) for the relief of Marine and Fisheries. W. S. Carpenter-to the Committee_on Claims. Also, petition of the Association of United States Government By Mr. CLARK of Missouri: A bill (R. R. 10005) granting a Employees of the navy-yards and a1·senals of Philadelphia, urg­ pension to l\Irs. S. M. Barker-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ing the passage of House bill No. 4728, relating to leave of ab­ sions. sence with pay to certain employees of the Government-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 10006) granting a pension to Joseph Turn­ Committee on Naval Affairs. baugh-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, petition of the Chicago Federation of Labor, protesting By Mr. CHANLER: A bill (H. R. 10007) granting a pension to against the passage of House bi11s placing a tax on process butter­ Blanche Duffy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. COCHRANE of New York: A bill (H. R. 10008) grant­ By Mr. BARBER: Petitions of Colonel J. Miller Post, No. 273; ing a pension to Virginia Hull-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ L. F. Chapman Post, No. 61; Robert Oldham Post, No. 527, and sions. Lafayette Post, No. 217, Grand Army of the Republic, Depart­ By Mr. CUSHMAN: A bill (H. R. 10009) granting a pension to ment of Pennsylvania, indorsing the bill to establish a Branch Robert Bruce-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Home for disabled soldiers at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Com­ By Mr. DALZELL: A bill (H. R.10010) granting an increase of mittee on Military Affairs. pension to E. H. Brady-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BARHAM: Petition of citizens of Modoc County, Cal., By Mr. DE ARMOND (by request): A bill (H. R. 10011) grant­ against the ceding of large areas of the public domain to individ­ ing an increase of pan,sion to James V. Hutts, late corporal, Com­ uals and corporations-to the Committee on the Public Lands. pany E, Ninth Missouri State Militia Cavalry-to the Committee By Mr. BELL: Petition of the Congregational and Methodist on Invalid Pensions. Episcopal churches of Fruita, Colo., favoring a clause in the By Mr. DE VRIES: A bill (H. R. 10012) to increase the pension Hawaiian constitution forbidding the manufacture and sale of of Eugene Stellman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. intoxicating liquors and a prohibition of gambling and the opium By Mr. DAVEY: A bill (H. R. 10013) to correct the military trade-to the Committee on the Territories. record of J. W. ·Freeman, late a private in Company D, Second Also, petition of citizens of Walsenburg Colo., urging the pas­ United States Volunteer Infantry-to the Committee on Military sage of House bill No. 5475, prohibiting the sale of liquor in Army Affairs. canteens-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. EMERSON: A bill (H. R. 10014) for the relief of Silas By Mr. BOWERSOCK: Resolution of the Chicago Federation Darling-to the Committee on Military Affairs. of Labor, and protest of the Commercial Club of Kansas City, By Mr. GILBERT: A bill (H. R.10015) for the relief of Thomas Mo., against the passage of certain bills relating to the butterine Noon-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. industry-to the Committee on Ways and .Means. AlJD, a bill (H. R. 10016) for the relief of M. D. Hall-to the Also, petition of the Manufacturers' Association of New York Committee on Invalid Pensions. City, relative to House bill No. 7097, providing for a reorganiza­ Also, a bill (H. R.10017) for the relief of Ben F. Bryant-to the tion of the consular service-to the Committ.ee on Foreign Affairs. Committee on War Claims. Also, remonstrance of the citizens of Fort Scott, Kans., against By Mr. HEMENWAY: A bill (H. R.10018) granting a pension the parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and to William H. Robinson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Post-Roads. By Mr. HEPBURN: A bill (H. R.10019) granting a pension to By Mr. BRENNER (by request): Petition of the Woman's Dorcas Swan-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Christian Temperance Union of West Manchester, Ohio, against Also, a bill (H. H.. 10020) to remove the charges of desertion the slavery of the saloon in our new possessions-to the Commit­ against John W. Stapleton-to the Committee on Military Affairs. tee on Insular Affairs. By Mr. JACK: A bill (H. R. 10021) granting an increase of Also, petition of the Christian Union of Fair Haven, Ohio, urg­ pension to John R. Robinson-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- ing the passage of House bill No. 5475, prohibiting the sale of sions. . liquor in Army canteens-to the Committee on Military Affafrs. By Mr. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 10022) to enable John Collin­ Also, petition of druggists and citizens of Miamisburg, Ohio, son, a subject of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, to dis­ for the repeal of the stamp tax on proprietary medicines, perfum­ pose of his right, title, and interest to certain lands situate in ery, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. the Territ-Ory of New Mexico-to the Committee on the Territories. By Mr. BROMWELL: Resolution of William Nelson Post, No. By Mr. LESTER: A bill (H. R. 10023) for the i·elief of the heirs 186, of Cincinnati, Ohio, Grand Army of the Republic, indorsing of James W. Bellah, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. the bill to establish a Branch Home for Disabled Soldiers at or By Mr. MUDD: A bill (H. R. 10024) to increase the pension of near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. William H. Cole-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BURLESON: Resolutions of Kennedy Rifles, Company By Mr. OVERSTREET: A bill (H. R. 10025) for the relief of I, First Regiment Texas Volunteer Guards, of Corpus Ch1isti, James N. Robinson and Sallie B. McComb-to the Committee on and Troop C, First Regiment Texas Cavalry, Volunteer Guard, of War Claims. Austin, Tex., in favor of the passage of House bill No. 7936, in­ By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 10026) for the relief of the creasing the appropriation for the State militia-to the Committee estate of William Hughes, deceased-to the Committee on War on Militia. CJ aims. · By Mr. BURTON: Petition of the First Methodist Episcopal By Mr. RYAN of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 10027) granting Church and Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Cleveland, an increase of pension to Amanda Helms-to the Committ.ee on Ohio, protesting against the expansion of the liquor traffic in our Invalid Pensions. new possession.s-to the Committee on Insular Affairs. By Mr. SHAFROTH: A bill (H. R. 10028) granting a pension Also, resolution of the North Side Board of Trade of the city to Frank E. Whittemore-io the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of New York, indorsing joint resolution in relation to extension By Mr. SHATTUC: A bill (H. R. 10029) granting a pension to of Harlem Ship Canal through the Harlem Kills-to the Commit­ Elizabeth Springer, widow of Charles Springer, late of Company tee on Rivers and Harbors. G, Ninth Ohio Volunteer Cayalry-to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. BUTLER: Petition of GrandArmyof theRepublicPost Pensions. No. 25, of Chester, Pa., favoring the establishment of a Branch By Mr:SULLOWAY: A bill (H. R.10030) granting an increase Soldiers' Home for disabled soldiers at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the of pension to Albert D. Scovell-to the Committee on Invalid Committee on Military Affairs. Pensions. By Mr. CANNON: Resolutions of Whipple Post, No. 414, Grand By Mr. UNDERWOOD (by request): A bill (H. R. 10031) for Army of the Republic, of Kankakee, Ill., in support of House bill the relief of the estate of Rev. Edward McMeans, deceased, of No. 7094, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Jefferson County, Ala.-to the Committee on War Claims. Tenn.-io the Committee on Military Affairs. • By Mr. YOUNG: A bill (H. R. 10032) granting an increase of By Mr. CUMMINGS: Petition of A. J. Dittenhoefer relating to pension to Margaret McCuen~ widow of t.he late Alexander Mc­ the copyright law, to accompany house bill No. 9993-to theCom-­ cuen, late captain Company K, Seventy-second Regiment Penn­ mittee on Patents. sylvania Volunteers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DAHLE of Wisconsin: Petition of W. C. Griffis and others, of Beaverdam, Wis., for the repeal of the stamp tax on PETITIONS, ETC. proprietary medicines, perfumery, etc.-to the Committee on Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers Ways and Means. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By Mr. STANLEY W. DAVENPORT: Petition of Charles H. By the SPEAKER: Petition of N. Gilbert and 25 citizens of Reilay P03t, No. 567, Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army Dundee, Iowa, in favor of the bill to tax oleomargarine-to the of the Republic, favoring the passage of a bill to establish a Branch Committee on Agriculture. Soldiers' Home near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on By Mr. ADAMS: Petition of A. H. Love, of Philadelphia, Military Affairs. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3341

Also, protest of citizens of Cunningham, Pa., against the pas­ Iowa, Grand Army of the Republic, tn favor of a bill locating a sage of the Loud bill relative to second-class mail matter-to the Branch Soldiers' Home near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Com· Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. mittee on Military Affairs. Also, petition of T. R. Huff and others, of Town Hill, Luzerne Also, resolutions of a meeting of fourth-class postmasters of Ma­ County, Pa., in favor of the Grout bill taxing oleomargarine-to haska County, Iowa, praying for the passage of the Cummings the Committee on Agdculture. · bill increasing the compensation of postmasters of the fourth-class By Mr. DE VRIES: Papers to accompany House bill to increase post-offices-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. the pension of Eugene Stillman-to the . Committee on Invalid Also, petition of John Newcomer and others, of Newburg, Iowa, Pensions. in favor of the Grout bill taxing oleomargarine-to the Committee Also, memorial of the Pacific Stockmen's Association, relating on Agriculture. to the leasing of public land.3, etc.-to the Committee on the Also, petition of the Des Moines News Company and other pub­ Public Lands. lishers in the city of Des Moines, Iowa, urging the passage of By Mr. DOLLIVER: Petition of R.H. Miller and other citizens Hoose bill No. 5765, known as the Russell bill, relating to the of Algona, Iowa, for the repeal of the stamp tax on medicines, revenue tax on alcohol in manufactures, etc.-to the Committee etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. on Ways and Means. By Mr. ESCH: Resolutions of the Wisconsin Humane Society, By Mr. LANE: Petition of Shelby Norman Post, No. 231, Depart­ protesting against the passage of the bill ext-ending the time that ment of Iowa, Grand Army of the Republic, in favor of Honse live stock may be permitted to be confined in cars, boats, or ves­ bill No. 7094, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at or near sels-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: Resolutions of the By Mr.LATIMER: ResolutionsoftheBoardofTradeof George­ Mariufacturers' Association of New York, relating to the reorgan­ town, S. C., favoring the erection of a public building at George­ ization and the improvement of the consular service-to the Com­ town, S. C.-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. mittee on Foreign Affairs. Also, resolution of the Board of Trade of Georgetown, S. C., Also, resolutions adopted at a meeting of the citizens of Water­ favoring appropriation of money to reopen Wingate Bay, South bury, Conn., expressing sympathy for the peoples of the South Carolina-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. African and Orange Free State Republics-t-0 the Committee on By Mr. LITTLEFIELD: Petition of Edmon Eaton and 21 citi­ Foreign A.ff airs. zens of Livermore Falls, Me., favoring the Grout bill relating to Also, resolution of the Trades League of Philadelphia, Pa., ap­ dairy products, etc.-to the Committee on Agriculture. proving the Senate amendments to the legislative bill respecting By Mr. LONG: PetitionofDr.A. H. Bressler, Raymond, Kans., the Hydrographic Office: Navy Department-to the Committee on for the repeal of the tax on medicines, perfumery, and cosmetics­ Appropriations. to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of New England Sportsman Publishing Company, Also, resolution of Judson Kilpatrick Post, No. 36, Grand against the Loud bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Army of the Republic, Department of Kansas. in supi;ort of House Post-Roads. bill No. 7094, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson Also, petition of D. Albert Hiller, 'M. D., suggesting that the City, Tenn.-to the Committee.on Military Affairs. · Republic of Nicaragua be "invited to join the United States and By Mr. MANN: Petition of W. G. Valentine and other drug­ become one of the States of this nation "-to the Committee on gists of Chicago, Ill, for the repeal of the tax on medicines, pe1·­ Foreign Affairs. fumery, and cosmetics-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. GASTON: Resolution.of Linesville Post, No. 352, Grand Also, petition of Company C, First Infantry Illinois National Army of the Republic, Department of Pennsylvania, urging the Guard, in favor of House bill No. 7936, making an increase in the pasiage of Honse bill No. 7094, for the establishment of a Branch appropriation for arming and equipping the militia of the States Soldiers' Home near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on and Territories-to the Committee on Militia. Military Affairs. Also, protest of the Chicago Federation of Labor, against the1 Also, petition of citizens of Erie, Pa., for the repeal of the tax passage of the Grout, Tawney, or other bills to increase the tax on medicines, perfumery, and cosmetics-to the Committee on on butterine-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Ways and Means. By Mr. MERCER: Petition of the Amel'ican Society for the By Mr. HAMILTON: Petition of citizens of Berrien Springs, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, protesting against the passage Mich., favoring House bill No. 5457, to abolish the Army can­ of bill extending the limit of time for holding live stock in transit teen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. from twenty-four to forty hours-to the Committee on Interstate Byl\fr. HENRY of Connecticut: Resolutions of the Chamber of and Foreign Commerce. Commerce of New Haven, Conn., favoring the proposed amend­ By Mr. NEVILLE: Resolutions of Tucker Post, No. 96, Depart­ ment to House bill No. 9243, for regulations to limit the length ment of Nebraska, Grand Army of the Republic, favoring the es­ and width of tows in inland waters-to the Committee on the tablishment of a Branch Soldiers' Home for disabled soldiers at Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. HEPBURN: Papers to accompany House bill to correct Also, resolutions of a meeting of fourth-class postmasters of the military record of John W. Stapleton-to the Committee on Sherman County, Nebr., praying for the passage of the Cummings Mill tary Affairs. bill increasing the compensation of postmasters of the fourth-class Also, papers to accompany House bill granting a pension to post-offices-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Coads. Dorcas Swan-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, petitions of Tucker Post, No. 96, and E. V. Lennar Post, By Mr. HOWELL: Petition of citizens of Cranbury, N. J., for No. 12, Department of Nebraska, Grand Army of the Republic, the repeal of the tax on medicines, perfumery, and cosmetics-to urging the passage of Senate bill No 1716 and House bill No. 4742, the Committee on Ways and Means. to amend section 1225 of the Revised Statutes, to provide for the By Mr. JACK: Papers to accompany Honse bill granting an in­ detail of active and retired officers of the Army and Navy to assist crease of pension to John R. Robinson-to the Committee on In­ in military instruction in public schools-to the Committee on valid Pension. Militia. Also (by request), resolutions of the Woman's Christian Tem­ By Mr. OLMSTED: Petition of citizens of Harrisburg, also, perance Union of Glen Campbell, Pa., asking for the prohibition petition of Market Square Christian Endeavor Society, also of cit­ of the liquor traffic and urging other reforms in our new posses­ izens of Derry Church, Pa., favoring the passage of House bill No. sions-to the Committee on Insular Affairs. 7433, providing for the construction of a reservoir for the Pima By Mr. JOY: Petition of Harry P. Harding Post, No. 107, of Indians-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. St. Louis, Mo., Grand Army of the Republic, favoring the estab­ Also, petition of the Harrisburg (Pa.) Firemen's Relief Associa­ lishment of a Branch Soldiers' Home for disabled soldiers at or tion, urging the defeat of Senate bill No. 17 43, as affecting their re­ near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on .Military Affairs. lief funds-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. · Also, petition of members of the house of delegates of St. Louis, By Mr. PEARRE: Petition of Charles T. F. Howard, of Fred­ Mo., favoring the bill for the reclassification of the Railway Mail erick County, Md., praying reference of war claim t-0 the Court Service-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roa-els. of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. KNOX: Petition of Grand Army of the Republic post of By Mr. POWERS: Resolutions of Skinner Post, No. 24, of Man­ Peabody, Mass.: favoring the establishment of a Branch Soldiers' chester, Vt., and W. P. Russell Post, No. 29, of Middleburg, Vt., Home for disabled soldiers at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Com­ Grand Army of the Republic, indorsing the bill to establish a mittee on Military Affairs. Branch Home for disabled soldiers at or near Johnson City, Also petition of Lucy Upton and 14 others, of Lawrence, Mass., Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. against the passage of the Loud bill relating to second-class mail Also, petition of citizens of Rutland, Vt., in favor of Grout bill matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. taxing oleomargarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. ' By Mr. LACEY: Resolution of the Pacific Northwest Wool Also, petition of the Board of Trade of Philadelphia, Pa., pray­ Growers' Association and Idaho Wool Growers' Association, in ing for legislation to build up the merchant marine of the United regarq to sheep grazing on forest reserves-to the Committee on States-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. the Public Lands. By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Resolutions of Nelson Post, No. Also, resolutions of Phµ. Kearney Post, No. 40, of Oskaloosa, 69; W. H. Link Post, No. 301; Dinseur Post, No.104, and Post 307, 3342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 27,

of Hamilton, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Indiana, the following bills; in which it requested the concurrence of the favoring the passage of a bill to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home Senate: near Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (H. R. 240) granting an increase of pension to George W. Also, petition of C. W. Heitz, of New Era, Ind., to abolish the Wakefield; · Army canteen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (H. R. 301) granting a pension to James T. Donaldson, jr.; By Mr. EUSSELL: Petition of the New Haven (Conn.) Cham­ A bill (H. R. 457) granting a pension to Clara L. Harriman; ber of Commerce, favoring House bill No. 9243, providing regula­ A bill (H. R. 493) granting a pension to Fanny M. Hays; tions to limit length and width of tows in inland waters-to the A bill (H. R. 548) granting a pension to Edward Harris; Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. .A bill (H. R. 625) granting an increase of pension to Wesley By Mr. SHAFROTH: PetitionofcitizensofWeldCounty, Colo., Reed; · in favor of the bill to tax oleomargarine-to the Committee on A bill (H. R. 642) granting an increase of pension to CharlesC. Agriculture. Doolittle; By Mr. SHATTUC: Papers to accompany House bill No. 3953, A bill (H. R. 657) granting a pension to Francis A. Kitchen; granting honorable certificates of discharge to certain officers and A bill (H. R. 737) granting a pension to Cyntha A. Middleton; enlisted men of the .United States volunteer service who were A bill (H. R. 741) granting an ipcre~se of pension to Zedock C. called out by the proclamation of Gen. Lewis Wallace issued Andrews; September 5, 1862-to the Committee on Military Affairfl. A bill (H. R. 1147) granting an increase of pension to Luke H. Also, papers tu accompany House bill granting a pension to Cooper; Elizabeth Springer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A bill (H. R. 1172) granting a pension to Rebecca J. Jones; By Mr. SPERRY: Resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce A bill (H. R. 1677) granting an increase of pension to Missouri of New Haven, Conn., favoring Honse bill 9243, providing for B. Ross; regulations to limit the length and width of tows in United States A bill (H. R. 1681) granting an increase of pension to Isaac M. inland waters-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Locke; Fisheries. A bill (H. R. 1800) granting a pension to Lutheria H. Maynard; Also, res~lutions of the Merchants' Association of Waterbury, A bill (H. R. 1946) granting a pension to Jane F. Chalmers; Conn., urging the passage of the bill for a public building at Water­ A bill (H. R. 2076) granting an increase of pension to Horace N. bury, Conn.-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Brackett; By Mr. STARK: Petition of W. F. Barry Post, No. 159, Etna, A bill (H. R. 2203) granting an increase of pension to John M. Pa., Grand Army of the Republic, favoring the establishment of Garrett; -a Branch Soldiers' Home for disabled soldiers near Johnson City, A bill (H. R. 2397) granting a pension to Eliza S. Red.field; Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (H. R. 2623) granting a pension to Melvill~ Oliphant; Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 7812, granting a pen­ A bill (H. R. 2728) granting a pension to Thomas T. Garrison; sion to Lydia Strang, dependent foster mother of William P. A bill (H. R. 2748) granting an increase of pension to Henry Lewis, late of Company I, First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, 3chnetberg; Spanish war-to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (H. R. 2999) granting an increase. of pension to George By Mr. SULLOWAY: Petition of Oliver B. Pettee and 32 other M. Brown; citizens of Francestown, N. H., in favor of the Grout bill taxing A bill (H. R. 3021) granting a pension to Eliza H. Gatchel; oleomargarine-to the Committee on .Agrfoulture. A bill (H. R. 3131) granting a pension to Matilda O'Connor: Also, protests of Miss Vera Cate and others, of Cbarmingfare, A bill (H. R. 3214) granting a pension to John S. Dukate; and Edward M. Hoyt and others, of Dover, N. H., against the A bill (H. R. 3225) grantingapensiontoElizabethBentCooper; Loud bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. A bill (H. R. 3268) granting an increase of pension to James W. By Mr. SUTHERLAND: Petition of Louis Sawyer and 10 citi­ Kessler; ' zens of Madrid, Nebr., against the Loud bill-to the Committee A bill (H. R. 3307) granting a pension to Matilda Hennessy; on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. A bill (H. R. 3312) granting an increase of pension to Ellen V. Also, petition of Gettysburg Post, Grand Army of the Republic, Myer; of Trenton, Nebr., in support of House bill No. 7094, to establish A bill (H. R. 3454) granting a pension to Joseph E. Baldwin; a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Commit­ A bill (H. R. 3563) granting an increase of pension to Julia A. tee on Military Affairs. Floyd; By Mr. WILSON of New York: Resolutions of the New York A bill (H. R. 3635) granting an increase of pension to Timothy Board of Trade and Transportation, in relation to the Puerto B. Eastman; Rican tariff-to the Committee on Insular Affairs. A bill (H. R. 3642) granting an increase of pension to Adolphus By Mr. WRIGHT: Resolutions of Posts 582, 584, 211, and 389, Lavine; Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic, in A bill (H. R. 3654) granting a pension to Calvin E. Myers; favor of the establishment of a Branch Soldiers' Home near John­ A bill (H. R. 3693) granting an increase of pension to Abraham son City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Sanford; By Mr. YOUNG: Resolutions of the New York Board of Trade A bill (H. R. 3758) granting an increase of pension to Joshua and Transportation, expressing confidence in the wisdom of the Ricketts; . Administration and of Congress in relation to legislation in the A bill (H. R. 3775) granting an increase of pension to Robert interests of the island of Puerto Rico-to the Committee ·on Inter- Boston; state and Foreign Commerce. · A bill (H. R. 3821) granting an increase of pension to Frances By Mr. ZENOR: Petition of Captain W.W. Sloan Post, No. D. Best; 318; W. L. Sloan Post, No.191,and Delahunt Post, No.152, Grand A bill (H. R. 3869) granting a pension to Joseph H. Hamrick Army of the Republic, Department of Indiana, indorsing the bill and Ella G. Hamrick; to establish a Branch Home for disabled soldiers at Johnson City, A bill (H. R. 3941) granting a pension to Samuel B. Weeks; Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (H. R. 3962) granting an increase of pension to Alanson C. Eberhart; A bill (H. R. 4030) granting an increase of pension to Margarett SENATE. L. Coleman; A bill (H. R. 4089) granting a pension to Emily Burke; TUESDAY, March 27, 1900. A bill (H. R. 4138) granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, P. D. A. Hyatt; . The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ A bill (H. R. 4180) gi·anting an increase of pension to Austin J, ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. GALLINGER, a~d by unanimous Pickett; consent, the further reading was dis~nsed with. A bill (H. R. 4247) granting an increase of pension to Francis S. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the Jour­ Wolfe; nal will stand approved. A bill (H. R. 4267) granting an increase of pension to Ezra A. AGES OF. EMPLOYEES IN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. Bennett; A bill (H. R. 4276) granting an increase of pension to John R. Tlie PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ Eggeman; munication from the Postmaster-General, transmitting, in re­ A bill (H. R. 4398) granting a pension to Julius Vogt; sponse to a resolution of the 16th ~stant, certain information A bill (H. R. 4562) granting a pension to Lois A. Fields; relative to the number of persons employed in the several bureaus A bill (H. R. 4654) granting an increaseof pension to Simon Van of the Post-Office Department between certain specified ages, etc.; Der Vaart; . which, on motion of Mr. GALLINGER, was ordered to lie on the A bill (H. R. 4657) granting a pension to Laura S. Pontious; table and be printed. A bill (H. R. 4675) granting an increase of pension to Robert H. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Jones; · A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. A bill (H. R. 4681) granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the Honse had passed Keiff;