DOCSLIB.ORG

A Peaceful History of Europe Since 1815

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Peaceful History of Europe Since 1815 UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY HISTORY 9712A Fall 2013 HIS9712A: A Peaceful History of Europe Since 1815 Francine McKenzie Lawson Hall 2233 661-2111 X84732 [email protected] Office Hours: Wednesday 9-11 or by appointment Sally Marks: ‘Major wars often provide the punctuation marks of history, primarily because they force drastic realignments in the relationships among states.’ (The Illusion of Peace, p. 1) Geoffrey Blainey: ‘For every thousand pages published on the causes of wars, there is less than one page directly on the causes of peace.’ (The Causes of War, p. 3) Course Description: The history of international relations is punctuated by wars; they are typically the bookends that demarcate the end of one era and the start of another - consider the so-called long 19th century: 1815- 1914. Historians devote much attention to the causes and consequences of war. By comparison, periods of ‘peace’ have received scant scholarly attention. It may be that as a non-event, peace is less tangible and therefore less easy to come to terms with. This international history course weaves together international relations, transnational and non-state actors, and ideas about peace over roughly 150 years of European history. It is not primarily a history of pacifism; our working definition of peace is broad and includes the mechanisms which sustained conditions of relative stability in Europe (the Concert of Europe and the EEC), attempts to resurrect peaceful international relations following wars (the Congress of Vienna, the Paris Peace conference of 1919, and the construction of the UN system after World War Two), conceptions of peace (individual, legal, economic, spiritual, geopolitical etc), periods/eras of ‘peace’, as well as the relationship between war and peace. Our overarching goals are to define peace, understand the causes and elements of peace, problematize the relationship war and peace, and consider an alternative periodization and conception of the history of European international relations in the 19th and 20th centuries. 1 Weekly Meetings: In this is a seminar we will work through key questions, concepts and topics together. Usually you will have to read no more than 200 pages per week: the readings should be done carefully and you should mull them over before coming to class. We will read some works by political scientists (such as Levy, Morgenthau, and Ikenberry): these are all accessible to students of history. Each student will be responsible for leading at least one class discussion. Prepare questions about the most pertinent issues and themes for each week’s topic of discussion: your questions will structure the class. You will not have to summarize the readings. Readings from monographs are available on short term loan from Weldon library. If the library had an electronic version of a book, I have indicated this with an *. Journal articles are available in electronic form through Weldon. I will upload primary sources to our class website and other readings that do not violate copyright laws. Our class is scheduled to meet for 3 hours. A three hour slot gives us time to discuss your assignments while they are in progress and then to present and discuss your final papers. On weeks where we will not be discussing the assignment, the class will typically end after two hours. Supplementary Readings: If you are not confident that you have a good overview of the history of European international relations in the 19th and 20th centuries, the following texts will orient you quickly: Norman Rich, Great Power Diplomacy 1814-1914 (McGraw Hill, 1992) James Joll, Europe Since 1870: An International History (Penguin, 1990) Roy Bridge and Roger Bullen, The Great Powers and the European States System, 1814-1914, 2nd edition (Longman & Pearson, 2005) Mark Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century (Knopf, 1999) Mark Mazower, Governing the World: The History of an Idea (Penguin 2012) Harold James, Europe Reborn: A History (Longman, 2003) P. M. H. Bell, Twentieth Century Europe: Unity and Division (Hodder Arnold, 2006) Useful Sources and Links on Peace History: Yale Law School: The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ 2 Nobel Organization: http://www.nobelprize.org/ Peace Palace, The Hague http://www.vredespaleis.nl/index.php?tl=1 Nigel Young, ed. The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace (2010, 4 volumes) Harold Josephson, et al eds, Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders (1985) Weekly Meetings: Sept. 11 Introduction to the class. Why study the history of peace? Sept. 18 Defining Peace Jack S. Levy, ‘The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace’ in Annual Review of Political Science, 1998:1, 139-65. Holger Nehring and Helge Pharo, ‘Introduction: A Peaceful Europe? Negotiating Peace in the Twentieth Century’, Contemporary European History (2008), 17, 277-299 Georges-Henri Soutou, ‘Was There a European Order in the Twentieth Century? From the Concert of Europe to the End of the Cold War’, Contemporary European History, 9, 3 (2000), 329-353. Michael Howard, The Invention of Peace, Introduction, pp. 1-6 and chap. III: Peoples and Nations 1789-1918 Jay Winter, Dreams of Peace and Freedom: Utopian Moments in the Twentieth Century, Epilogue: An Alternative History of the Twentieth Century, pp. 2-4-209 John Gittings, The Glorious Art of Peace: From the Iliad to Iraq, chap. 1, pp. 15-38 Is peace different from stability? Sept. 25 Peacemaking at Vienna 1814-1815 G. John Ikenberry, After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars, chap. 4: pp. 80-116 Paul Schroeder, The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848*, chap. 12, pp. 517-582 Paul Schroeder, ‘Did the Concert of Europe rest on a balance of power?’, American Historical Review, vol. 97, (3) June 1992: 683-706 Adam Zamoyski, Rites of Peace: the Fall of Napoleon and the Concert of Europe, chaps. 32-34, pp. 515-569 Alexander I and the Holy Alliance, 26 Sept. 1815 3 How did the peacemakers conceive of a peaceful European order? What did this reveal about their understanding of the overall workings of international relations? What role did leaders (ie ‘great men’) play in devising peace? Oct. 2 Rethinking the Long and Peaceful Nineteenth Century: Why is the Crimean War Forgotten? Norman Rich, Why the Crimean War? A Cautionary Tale, chap. 1, pp. 1-17; chap 4, pp. 60-66 Paul Schroeder, Austria, Great Britain and the Crimean War: The Destruction of the Concert of Europe, chap. xvi, pp. 392-427 Orlando Figes, The Crimean War: A History, chaps 5, pp. 130-164; chap. 10, pp. 324-372; and chap. 11, pp. 373-410 Was there a Concert of Europe? What were the main characteristics of European international relations? How did the Crimean war affect the European order? Assignment: Discuss preliminary research on biographical study. Oct. 9 The Peace Movement and Champions of Peace in mid-19th Century Europe Mark Mazower, Governing the World: The History of an Idea, chaps 1-4, pp. 13-115 John Gittings, The Glorious Art of Peace, chap. 5, pp. 123-149 David Nicholls, ‘Richard Cobden and the International Peace Congress Movement, 1848-1853’, Journal of British Studies, October 1991, no. 4: 351- 76. Martin Geyer, ‘One Language for the World: The Metric System, International Coinage, Cold Standard, and the Rise of Internationalism, 1850-1900’ in Martin H. Geyer and Johannes Paulmann, eds, The Mechanics of Internationalism: culture, society, and politics from the 1840s to the First World War, pp. 55-92 Note: We will also read speeches by Richard Cobden and Victor Hugo at the 1849 peace congress. These will be uploaded How would free trade promote peace? Were the advocates of peace utopian? Assignment: Discuss preliminary research on biographical study. Oct. 16 Pax Britannica Ali Parchami, Hegemonic Peace and Empire: the Pax Romana, Britannica and Americana, chaps 3 – 6, pp. 61-164 Paul Young, Globalization and the Great Exhibition: the Victorian New World Order, chap. 4, pp. 145-197 Hans J. Morgenthau, ‘The Balance of Power’, in Williams, Goldstein and 4 Shafritz, eds, Classic Readings of International Relations, pp. 203-206 David Reynolds, Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century, (2001 edition), chap. 1, pp. 36-61. Did Britain keep the peace and for whom? Assignment: The biographical study is due in class. Present the main findings of your analysis. Oct. 23 Discourse of War and Peace during La Belle Epoque (1890-1914) Michael Howard, Studies in War and Peace, chap. 6, pp. 99-109 Jay Winter, Dreams of Peace and Freedom: Utopian Moments in the twentieth century, chap. 1, pp. 11-47 Akira Iriye, Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World*, chap 1, pp. 9-36 (concentrate on pp. 9- 19) Akira Iriye, Cultural Internationalism and World Order, chap 1, pp. 13-50 Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August, chaps. 1-5, pp. 1-68. Madeleine Herren, ‘Governmental Internationalism and the Beginning of a New World Order in the Late Nineteenth Century’ in Geyer and Paulmann eds, The Mechanics of Internationalism: culture, society, and politics from the 1840s to the First World War, pp. 121-144 Christiane Eisenberg, ‘The Rise of Internationalism in Sport’, in Geyer and Paulmann eds, The Mechanics of Internationalism: culture, society, and politics from the 1840s to the First World War, pp. 375-403. Did people want to avoid war? Was there a global/ European community or a sense of internationalism before 1914? Oct. 30 Conscientious Objectors and Critics of War Adam Hochschild, To End All Wars: a story of loyalty and rebellion, 1914- 1918, chap. 5, pp. 54-64; chap. 7, pp. 79-97, chaps. 13, pp. 177-199; chap.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Congressional Record-House. Maroh 26
    3312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAROH 26, PROMOTION IN THE NA VY. Mr. SIMS. Before the motion is put, I want to make a parlia­ mentary inquiry. Is not the unfinished business on the Calendar Lieut. Commander Edward B. Barry, to be a commander in the this morning the pension bills reported from the Committee of Navy, from the 9th day of March, 1900, vice Commander Wash­ the Whole on Fiiday last, with the previous question ordered burn Maynard, promoted. thereon? The SPEAKER. That is the unfinished business. WlTHDRAW ALS. Mr. SIMS. I demand the regular order. Mr. HULL. I think my motion is in order always anQ. is a Executive nominations utithdmum Ma1·ch 26, 1900. privileged question. THIRTY-SEVENTII ~FANTRY. The SPE~KER. The Chair is of the opinion that the demand Lieut. Col. Thomas R. Hamer, to be colonel. for the regular order calls up the unfinished business, which is Maj. Charles T. Boyd, to be lieutenant-colonel. the consideration of the pension bills reported from the Commit­ Capt. Benjamin M. Koehler, to be major. tee of the Whole on Friday last, upon which the previous question First Lieut. Cha1·les H. Sleeper, to be captain. was ordered upon all of the bills and the amendments to their Second Lieut. Alvin K. Baskette, to be first lieutenant. passage. The Clerk will report the first bill. HOUSE BILLS WITH .AME!TDMENTS PASSED. CONFIRMATION. On the following House bills, reported from the Committee of the Whole with amendments, the amendments were severally Executive nomination confirmed by the Senate March 26, 1900, considered, and agreed to, and the bills ordered to be engrossed.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Active Measures WPC Copenhagen Jul 1986.P65
    Foreign Affairs Note United States Department of State Washington, D.C. SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES: July 1986 THE WPC COPENHAGEN PEACE CONGRESS, OCTOBER 15-19, 1986 The World Peace Council (WPC), the best known Soviet interna- tional front, is sponsoring its 14th major peace congress Oc- For further information about the World Peace Council, tober 15-19, 1986, highlighting the UNs International Year of see: Peace. The themes of the congress probably will emphasize Soviet propaganda and policy initiatives on a variety of issues, • Foreign Affairs Note Soviet Active Measures: particularly nuclear defense and arms control. In order to attract The World Peace Council, April 1985. maximum participation, organizers have attempted to conceal • Foreign Affairs Note The World Peace Councils the WPCs central role, but several independent peace groups Peace Assemblies, May 1983. already have denounced the undertaking and have declined to • Foreign Affairs Note World Peace Council: participate. Original projections of some 5,000 attendees have Instrument of Soviet Foreign Policy, April 1982. dropped significantly, and the success of the conference is now in question. World peace assemblies or congresses are mainstays of of a breakthrough in international life, and of effective joint action in the interests the WPC agenda. Staged about every 3 years, they focus on a of all States and peoples, was stressed both at the meeting in Denmark, and in specific theme and invariably echo Soviet propaganda lines. an address issued by representatives of the national peace committees of Social- This years congress is dedicated to the UN International Year ist countries meeting in Sofia. of Peacea theme currently being exploited by all Soviet inter- Hermod LannungDanish Radical Liberal and long-time national front groups to support Soviet policies and condemn chairman of the Danish-Soviet Friendship Societywas chosen those of the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace In
    TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Major Subject: History TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Terry H. Anderson Committee Members, Jon R. Bond H. W. Brands John H. Lenihan David Vaught Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger May 2008 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace in Korea. (May 2008) Larry Wayne Blomstedt, B.S., Texas State University; M.S., Texas A&M University-Kingsville Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Terry H. Anderson This dissertation analyzes the roles of the Harry Truman administration and Congress in directing American policy regarding the Korean conflict. Using evidence from primary sources such as Truman’s presidential papers, communications of White House staffers, and correspondence from State Department operatives and key congressional figures, this study suggests that the legislative branch had an important role in Korean policy. Congress sometimes affected the war by what it did and, at other times, by what it did not do. Several themes are addressed in this project. One is how Truman and the congressional Democrats failed each other during the war. The president did not dedicate adequate attention to congressional relations early in his term, and was slow to react to charges of corruption within his administration, weakening his party politically.
    [Show full text]
  • Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacifists During the First World War
    PACIFISTS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR Nº 24 - SEPTEMBER 2015 nº 24 - SEPTEMBER 2015 PACIFISTS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR INDEX Editorial - An essential factor and actor In Depth - Rosa Luxemburg: anticapitalism to get to the pacifst eutopia - Conscription and Conscience in Great Britain - “The whole world is our homeland”: Anarchist antimilitarism - Illusion and vision: the scientifc pacifsm of Alfred H. Fried - The Practical Internationalism of Esperanto Interview - Interview with Joan Botam, Catalan priest and Capuchin friar Recommendations - Materials and resources recommended by the ICIP Platform - 100 years after the genocide: Armenia at the crossroads - A bold statement About ICIP - News, activities and publications about the ICIP nº 24 - SEPTEMBER 2015 PACIFISTS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR EDITORIAL An essential factor and actor Rafael Grasa President of the International Catalan Institute for Peace The present issue deals with some of the peace and anti-militarist movements linked, chronologically or thematically, to World War I, marking the culmination of the com- memoration of its centennial. We specifcally take a look at the more political move- ments, such as those linked to anarchism (First International) or to the main leader of the Spartacus League, Rosa Luxemburg, the anti-draft groups and the pioneering work in the academic world of Albert Fried, one of the creators of the epistemic com- munity that is behind the most radical perspectives of international relations and pe- ace research. In addition, Joan Botam, a priest and ecumenist, refects on the legacy of the Great War and opposition to it among the various peace movements inspired by religious beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • The West and the World, 1789–Present, 3 Credits Boston College Summer Session 2018 Summer I, May 15– June 21 [T / R, 6– 9:15 PM]
    The West and the World, 1789–Present, 3 Credits Boston College Summer Session 2018 Summer I, May 15– June 21 [T / R, 6– 9:15 PM] Instructor Name: Dr. Felix A. Jiménez Botta BC E-mail: [email protected] Office: S352 Office Hours: T R, 4:30–5:30 PM. Boston College Mission Statement Strengthened by more than a century and a half of dedication to academic excellence, Boston College commits itself to the highest standards of teaching and research in undergraduate, graduate and professional programs and to the pursuit of a just society through its own accomplishments, the work of its faculty and staff, and the achievements of its graduates. It seeks both to advance its place among the nation's finest universities and to bring to the company of its distinguished peers and to contemporary society the richness of the Catholic intellectual ideal of a mutually illuminating relationship between religious faith and free intellectual inquiry. Boston College draws inspiration for its academic societal mission from its distinctive religious tradition. As a Catholic and Jesuit university, it is rooted in a world view that encounters God in all creation and through all human activity, especially in the search for truth in every discipline, in the desire to learn, and in the call to live justly together. In this spirit, the University regards the contribution of different religious traditions and value systems as essential to the fullness of its intellectual life and to the continuous development of its distinctive intellectual heritage. Course Description This course will provide a broad survey of world history from the Enlightenment to the present.
    [Show full text]
  • From War to War – Europe During the First Half of the 20 Century
    From War to War – Europe during the first half of the 20th Century 15304.0052 – Winter Semester 2018/19 Lecturer: Dr. Johannes Müller, Mon – 10-11:30 – R. 0.01 (Building 326) European History during the 20th Century has been described as an “Age of Extremes” (Eric Hobsbawm), as a period in which the “Dark Continent” (Mark Mazower) went “to Hell and Back” (Ian Kershaw) and then had to be rebuild “Out of Ashes” (Konrad Jarausch). This is all the more surprising as the 19th Century seemed to forebode an age of culminating progress, characterised by scientific triumphs, civilizing achievements, accelerated discoveries and technological solutions for all problems and needs of mankind. Yet, the 20th century saw the most barbaric set- back Europe had experienced for ages: Two world-wars, slaughter and repression of entire people and populations, excesses of intolerance, hate and violence, dictatorship, tyranny and the spectre of nuclear apocalypse. Examining the first half of the 20th century is examining how Europe arrived at the edge of self-destruction. It also means to identify the lessons to be learnt by successive generations – as at least in part the second half of the century is reacting to and trying to avoid the errors of the first half. Historiography has just started to historicize the last century as a whole. Hence, we will also deal with competing interpretations which try to integrate the first half of the century into a comprehensive view of the entire epoch. Language of Sessions: English Papers may be written in English, German, French, Italian and Spanish Oral exams, where applicable, can be given in English, Italian and German.
    [Show full text]
  • The Israeli Lobby Source: Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol
    The Israeli Lobby Source: Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Spring 2006), pp. 83-114 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Institute for Palestine Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.83 . Accessed: 17/03/2015 17:48 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and Institute for Palestine Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Palestine Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Tue, 17 Mar 2015 17:48:38 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions SPECIAL DOCUMENT FILE THE ISRAELI LOBBY A. John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, “The Israeli Lobby,” London Review of Books, 10 March 2006..................................... 84 B. Geoffrey Wheatcroft, “Most Favored Nation,” Boston Globe, 2 April 2006 (excerpts) . .................................................. 105 C. William Pfaff, “The Mearsheimer-Walt Paper on America’s Israeli Lobby,” International Herald Tribune, Paris, 4 April 2006 (excerpts). ........................................................... 107 D. Daniel Levy, “So Pro-Israel that It Hurts,” Ha’Aretz, 25 March 2006 (excerpts) ........................................................... 108 E. Joseph Massad, “Blaming the Lobby,” al-Ahram Weekly, 23–28 March 2006 (excerpts).
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi Germany and Its Entanglements with Other Empires
    Journal of Global History (2017), 12, pp. 206–227 © Cambridge University Press 2017 doi:10.1017/S1740022817000055 Colonial crossovers: Nazi Germany and its entanglements with other empires Patrick Bernhard Niels Henrik Abels vei 36, Blindernveien 11, 0851 Oslo, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Nazi Germany’s place in the wider world is a controversial topic in historiography. While scholars such as Ian Kershaw argue that Hitler’s dictatorship must be understood as a unique national phenomenon, others analyse Nazism within comparative frameworks. Mark Mazower, for example, argues that the international concept of ‘empire’ is useful for comprehending the German occupation of Europe. Using an approach native to transnational cultural studies, my contribution goes a step further: I analyse how the Nazis themselves positioned their regime in a wider international context, and thus gave meaning to it. My main thesis is that, while the Nazis took a broad look at international colonialism, they differentiated considerably between the various national experiences. French and British empire-building, for instance, did not receive the same attention as Japanese and Italian colonial projects. Based on new archival evidence, I show that the act of referring in particular to the Italian example was crucial for the Nazis. On the one hand, drawing strong parallels between Italian colonialism and the German rule of eastern Europe allowed Hitler to recruit support for his own visions of imperial conquest. On the other hand, Italian colonialism served as a blueprint for the Nazis’ plans for racial segregation. The article thus shows the importance of transnational exchange for under- standing ideological dynamics within the Nazi regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Departmental Seminars - Spring Term 2007/08
    Departmental Seminars - Spring term 2007/08 The department puts on two separate seminar programmes: the Departmental Seminars (DS) and the Research Seminars (RS). The Departmental Seminars are joint seminars, organized by 2 or more professors (convenors), and are essentially teaching seminars, aimed at examining broad developments within the discipline, and exploring major theoretical and methodological issues. Each semester the department will put on 5 to 6 Departmental Seminars (8 to 9 sessions per semester). Alongside the Departmental Seminars are the Research Seminars (8 to 9 sessions per semester) which are organized by individual professors (or in some cases jointly organized by 2 professors). The Research Seminars are intended as specialized seminars dealing with the research in progress of professors, researchers and visiting scholars. Researchers normally attend the Research Seminars of their supervisors. First year researchers are required to take 3 seminars in the autumn semester (RS or DS) and two seminars in the spring semester (RS or DS). Of these five seminars the researcher has to choose two DS. A researcher is not confined to the Departmental Seminars offered by the Department of History, but may, where appropriate and with the approval of her/his supervisor, take a seminar offered by another department. The Department formally requires you to register with Mr. Sergio Amadei the titles of the seminars, which you must attend during each of your first and second semesters of study. During the autumn semester all first year researchers will be required to hand in a written presentation and to give an oral presentation upon the subject of 2 of the seminars that they are attending.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolutionary Reckonings
    COMMENTARY had a fixation with the event. They declared their dictatorship to be a “national-salvationist revolu- tion” (ethnosotirios epanastasis) that would com- plete the work of its predecessor. In 1971, the 150th anniversary of the uprising, more than 300 books were published on the subject – an astonishing number dwarfing that of any year before or since. The nation’s classrooms rang with the exhortation: “Long live the revolution of 25 March 1821! Long live the revolution of 21 April 1967!” It was ironic to watch an authoritarian military Junta heroizing a bunch of unruly and quarrelsome chieftains who had been united by few things stronger than their loathing for the idea of a regular army. But the pre- dictable result of turning 1821 into fascist kitsch was that by the time the colonels fell from power in 1974, everyone was fed up with the subject. This explains why, amid the truly remarkable resurgence in historical studies in Greece that took place with the restoration of democracy, the subject of its independence struggle was initially neglected. An exception was the scholarly journal Mnimon, which consistently published high-calibre research on the subject. Just three years ago, it published not one but two important volumes of essays on the Greek revolution. These signalled an end to the neglect of the recent past and showcased a younger generation of historians that was finding new rea- sons for returning to 1821. One of these volumes is a collective tribute to the late historian Despoina Themeli-Katifori, who had contributed to the journal from the start.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Peace Movement 1815-1914: an Outline
    The international peace movement 1815-1914: an outline Script of an online lecture given by Guido Grünewald on 9 June 2020* I will try to give an outline of the emergence and development of an international peace movement during its first 100 years. Since English is not my mother tongue and I haven’t spoken it for a longer time I will follow a written guideline in order to finish the job in the short time I have. The first peace organisations emerged in America and in Britain. This was no coincidence; while on the European continent after the end of the Napoleonic Wars restoration took over there were evolving democracies in the anglo-Saxon countries and a kind of peace tradition as for example carried by the quakers who renounced any kind of war. For those early societies the question if a war could be defensive and therefore justified was from the beginning a thorny issue. The New York Peace Sciety founded by merchant David Low Dodge followed a fundamental pacifism rejecting all kind of wars while the Massachussets Peace Society (its founder was unitarian minister Noah Worcester) gathered both fundamental pacifists and those who accepted strictly defensive wars. With about 50 other groups both organisations merged to become the American Peace Society in 1828. The London Peace Society had an interesting top-tier approach: its leadership had to pursue a fundamental pacifist course while ordinary members were allowed to have different ideas about defensive wars. On the European continent some short-lived peace organisations emerged only later. The formation of those first societies occured under the influence of Quakers (one of the 3 historic peace churches which renounced violence) and of Christians who were convinced that war was murderous and incompatible with Christian values.
    [Show full text]