DEDICATION I Dedicate My Dissertation Work to My Family And

DEDICATION

I dedicate my dissertation work to my family and many friends. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, William and Louise Johnson whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears. My sisters Katie,

Linda and Rhonda have never left my side and are very special.

I also dedicate this dissertation to my many friends and church family who have supported me throughout the process. I will always appreciate all they have done, especially Suquesta Myers for helping me develop my technology skills, LaTanja

Riley-Hedgepeth for the many hours of proofreading, and Ramona Taylor for helping me to master the leader dots.

I dedicate this work and give special thanks to my best friend Nelson L.

Jennings and my wonderful daughter Cimone for being there for me throughout the entire doctorate program. Both of you have been my best cheerleaders.

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to thank my committee members who were more than generous with their expertise and precious time. A special thanks to Dr. David Parks, my committee chairman for his countless hours of reflecting, reading, encouraging, and most of all patience throughout the entire process. Thank you Dr. Travis

Twiford, Dr. Jerome Niles, Dr. Christina Dawson, and Dr. Neil Stamm for agreeing to serve on my committee.

I would like to acknowledge and thank my school division for allowing me to conduct my research and providing any assistance requested. Special thanks goes to the members of staff development and human resources department for their continued support.

Finally I would like to thank the beginning teachers, mentor-teachers and administrators in our school division that assisted me with this project. Their excitement and willingness to provide feedback made the completion of this research an enjoyable experience.

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

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DEDICATION ...... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS...... v LIST OF TABLES ...... vii LIST OF FIGURES...... … x

CHAPTER ONE: THE PROBLEM Historical Perspective ...... 1 Purpose...... 5 Theoretical Framework...... 5 Figure 1...... 6 Context for Mentoring ...... 7 The Needs of Beginning Teacher ...... 7 The Needs of the Mentor Teacher ...... 12 The Needs of the School Division ...... 20 The Mentoring Program...... 27 Role of the Mentor...... 31 Personal Support ...... 32 Confidence ...... 34 Collegiality...... 35 Professional Community...... 37 Descriptive Research Questions ...... 39 Definitions of Terms ...... 41 Chapter Summary ...... 47 Overview...... 49

CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY Introduction ...... 51 Setting of the Study...... 51 Population(s) ...... 52 Description of the Mentoring Program...... 53 Data Collection ...... 60 Instrumentation ...... 60 Content Validation...... 61 Analyzing the Data ...... 62

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CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS Introduction...... 64 Survey Responses ...... 64 Descriptive Data: Demographic variables ...... 65 Findings...... 73 Mentor Program Effectiveness by Population and Item.... 90 Summary ...... 107

CHAPTER FOUR: Summary ...... 111 Conclusion...... 113 Discussion ...... 116 Implications for Change in the Program...... 120 Recommendations ...... 122

References ...... 125

Appendices ...... 134

Vita ...... 180

LIST OF TABLES

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Table 1 Literature on Beginning Teacher Needs……………………… 13

Table 2 Literature on Mentor Teacher Needs………………………… 21

Table 3 Operational Terms and Survey Items Associated With those Items……………………...... 44

Table 4 Distribution of Surveys Returned by Population...... 65

Table 5 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents – Administrators ...... 66

Table 6 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents – Mentor Teachers...... 68

Table 7 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents – Beginning Teachers ...... 70

Table 8 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Level of Education of the Beginning Teacher...... 75

Table 9 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Age of the Beginning Teacher...... 76

Table 10 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Age of the Mentor Teacher...... 77

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Table 11 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Age of the Administrator...... 78

Table 12 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Ethnicity of the Beginning Teacher...... 79

Table 13 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Ethnicity of the Mentor Teacher...... 80

Table 14 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Ethnicity of the Administrator...... 81

Table 15 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Gender of the Beginning Teacher...... 81

Table 16 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Gender of the Mentor Teacher...... 82

Table 17 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Gender of the Administrator...... 83

Table 18 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Years of Experience of the Beginning Teacher...... 84

Table 19 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Years of Experience of the Mentor Teacher...... 85

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Table 20 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by First Career of the Beginning Teacher ...... 86

Table 21 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Years of Experience of the Administrator...... 87

Table 22 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Position of the Administrator ...... 88

Table 23 The Mentor Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Position of the Mentor teacher...... 89

Table 24 The Beginning Teacher’s Perception of the Effectiveness of the Mentor-Teacher Program by Position of the Beginning Teacher ...... 90