Plato 1578 Planck 1900 Rousseau 1755 Spinoza 1670 & 1677 Thoreau 1854 Voltaire 1759 Wittgenstein 1921, 1922 & 1953 Wollstonecraft 1792
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ATHENA RARE BOOKS CATALOG 17 Thirty High Points in the HISTORY of IDEAS The books are in this catalog are listed in CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER (use the key below to locate individual authors) [Anon] 1776 Bayle 1697 Beauvoir 1949 Berkeley 1710 Emerson 1841 / 1844 Darwin 1860 Gilbert 1600 Hegel 1821 Hobbes 1651 Hume 1748 James 1907 Kant 1787 Locke 1690 Mill 1859 & 1869 Montesquieu 1748 Newton 1714 Nietzsche 1886 & 1887 Plato 1578 Planck 1900 Rousseau 1755 Spinoza 1670 & 1677 Thoreau 1854 Voltaire 1759 Wittgenstein 1921, 1922 & 1953 Wollstonecraft 1792 1578 The STEPHANUS Edition of Plato in a Lovely 3-Volume Binding The Book That Established the UNIVERSAL REFERENCE System for Plato’s Writings PLATO. Platonis opera quae extant omnia. (The Complete Works of Plato) [Title in Greek], Henr. Stephani, [Geneva], 1578. Volume 1: TP + [i]-[vi] = Dedication to Queen Elizabeth + [vii]-[xxii] = Studioso Lectori + [xxiii]-[xxix] = Platone Epigrammata + [xxx]-[xxi] = Catalogus Dialogorum + half title (with first page of text – unnumbered – on the verso) + 1-469 + 471 + 471-542. Volume 2: Half-title + [i]-[v] = Dedication to King James the Sixth of Scotland (later James the First of England) + [vi] = Two Poems + blank leaf [lettered AA.i.] + 3-701 + 672-673 + 704-953 + 949-950 + 956-992. Volume 3: Half-title + [i]-[v] = Dedication to the Republic of Bern + [vi] = Poem + [vii] = Contents Page + 3-48 + 47 + 50-374 + 375 + 368 + 377-416 + 1-139; Folio (14" x 9.25"). First Complete Greek/Latin Edition. $ 12,000 "A great Renaissance author and scholar as well as a member of one of Europe's most illustrious families of printers, Henri Estienne II himself edited his grand Plato, for which he commissioned a new Latin translation by Jean de Serres. Together with his monumental 1572 Thesaurus graecae linguae, the lavish Plato was responsible, according to Schreiber, for securing both Estienne's scholarly reputation and his financial ruin." (Garden Ltd., #40) This, the most famous single edition of Plato’s complete works ever published, came out of Geneva in 1578 from the print shop of Henri Estienne (1528-1598) – who is better known by his Latin name, Stephanus. At the time, Henri was one of the most famous scholars in Europe and in this book, based on his own research, he established the definitive version of Plato in Greek. The Stephanus Plato was not the first printed edition of Plato's extant dialogues. It was preceded by the Aldine edition that Aldus Manutius published in Venice in 1513 in two volumes, and another edition printed in Basel in 1534 by Joannes Valderum. This Stephanus edition, however, is deserving of special attention because it has served ever since its publication as the universal reference system for all other editions of Plato and still provides today the basis of the universally accepted way of quoting from Plato. In most translations of Plato there are small numbers in the margin which refer to the pagination in this edition. This affords scholars the opportunity to footnote in such a way that they can cross-reference each other's work in any language by relying on these "Stephanus numbers” – which refer to the page number in the Stephanus edition, followed by the letter (a, b, c, d, e) identifying the section in the page and the line number within that section. All three volumes bound in 20th century full vellum. The spines with six raised bands and a title piece with gilt lettering on a red field for author and title in the second compartment and gilt lettering on a black field in the third compartment indicating the volume number. Large, dated, woodcut device of St. Paul and the olive tree on TP of the first volume, numerous woodcut head- and tailpieces and ornamental initials, text in two columns, in Greek and Latin. The title pages of Volumes 1 and 2 each have a ½” deep circular ink scribble running across the very top of the page obliterating some earlier inscription. The first volume also has a five line contemporary inscription in the free space to the bottom right of the St. Paul device. Overall, a lovely set which is more commonly seen bound as two volumes (i.e. volumes 1 & 3 bound together and volume 2 separate). 1600 The Birth of the Science of Electricity and Early Experimental Physics GILBERT, William, DE MAGNETE, magneticisque corporibus, et de mango magnete tellure; Physiologia nova, plurimus & aegumentis, & experimentis demonstrata.(ON THE MAGNET, and magnetic bodies and on the slave magnet terrella; presenting new knowledge of nature with many new and experimental demonstrations), Petrus Short, Londoni, 1600. TP + [i]-[iii] = Præfatio + [iv]-[viii] = Preface + [ix] = Verborum + [x]-[xiv] = Index + [1]-240, Folio, 282 x 188 mm; 11⅛” x 7½”. First Edition. $ 60,000 With numerous woodcut illustrations and diagrams in text (four full- page), and a large folding woodcut diagram (lightly browned) at page 200. All known copies have numerous ink emendations (not noted in the errata) which some have suggested shows that Gilbert saw the edition through the press personally. The present copy has manuscript corrections on pp. 11, 14, 22 and 47 – but not on p. 63 as seen in some copies. First edition of the first great work of experimental physics published in England; a scientific study of electricity and magnetism. By his commitment to subjecting all theories to experiment, Gilbert became “among the first to initiate the experimental method of science” (Dibner). This work is one of the finest examples of inductive philosophy and even more remarkable for its publication two decades prior to Bacon’s Novum Organum, where that method was actually explained for the first time. “Throughout the De Magnete Gilbert discussed and usually dismissed previous theories concerning magnetic phenomena and offered observational data and experiments which would support his own theories. Most of the experiments are so well described that the reader can duplicate them if he wishes, and the examples of natural occurrences which support his theories are well identified. When new instruments are introduced (for example the versorium, to be used in identifying electrics), directions for their construction and use are included” [DSB]. Studied by Kepler, Bacon, Boyle, Newton and, especially, Galileo (who used his theories to support his own defense of Copernicus), Gilbert’s work is “the first major English scientific treatise based on experimental methods of research” [Printing and the Mind of Man 107]. Published only after eighteen years of personal study and experimentation, this book has Gilbert’s new discoveries marked in the margins with large and small asterisks to denote whether they were significant or minor. Among the 21 major and the 178 minor discoveries is the conclusion that the earth is one large magnet (an assertion that led Galileo to study magnetism), as well as the invention of the versorium, his electroscope or electrometer, the first instrument devised to measure electrical phenomena. In addition, Gilbert showed that a freely suspended magnet is controlled by the earth, and not, as supposed, by extra-terrestrial influence. His magnetic theory enabled him to explain the behavior of the compass-needle, the dip-needle, the magnetic condition of vertical masses of iron, and the magnetic properties of heated iron bars when allowed to cool while lying in the magnetic meridian. In Book 2, which was intended as a digression into the importance of amber (“electrum”) to magnetic studies, Gilbert coined the terms “electricity”, “electric force” and “electric attraction” – clearly establishing his reputation as the founder of electrical science. Gilbert also claimed another, less coveted kind of scientific repute by coming to see magnetism as the explanation for almost all phenomena. This led Francis Bacon to attack him in his Sylva Sylvarum (1626) as being “one of those people so taken up with their pet subject of research that they could only see the whole universe transposed into the terms of it” (Butterfield, p. 56). This singular, scientific phenomena persists into our own days with numerous scientists currently describing major elements of the universe as working “exactly like the computer”. Printing and the Mind of Man 107 Contemporary limp vellum with yapped (overlapping) edges. Spine lettered in manuscript but faded. Foot of spine expertly repaired. Title lightly browned with a few tiny repairs, final few leaves evenly browned with lower margins repaired, some spotting. Cloth folding case. Overall, a very pretty copy of this extremely important book. 1651 Hobbes’ Brilliant Foundational Work in Political Theory “And the life of man[is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” HOBBES, Thomas. Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill. Printed for Andrew Crooke, at the Green Dragon in St. Paul's Church-yard, London, 1651. Illustrated, engraved title-frontispiece + TP + [i]-[ii] = The Epistle Dedicatory + [iii]-[iv] = The Contents of the Chapters + 1-396, folding table between pp 40-41; Small Folio. First Edition, First Printing (MacDonald & Hargreaves #42). $ 35,000 The first printing of the first edition with the winged “head” ornament on the second title page. There are three editions with title-pages bearing 1651 imprints. The second, with a “bear” ornament, was printed outside of England (probably Amsterdam), and the third, with a triangular-type “ornament”, is generally considered to date from around 1680. (See MacDonald & Hargreaves, pp. 27-30 for a full accounting of these differences.) A FOUNDATIONAL WORK IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL THEORY Leviathan details Hobbes's notion of the origin of the State as a product of human reason meeting human need – through to its destruction as a consequence of human passions. According to Hobbes, the State, as an aggregate of individual men (so well portrayed in the famous engraved title), should always be tendered the obedience of the individual (except to save his own life), as any government is in Hobbes’s view, better than the natural anarchic state.